I

M.Sc – Apparel and Fashion

Design

(First Year – ISt Semester)

MSADS - P1: FASHION

ILLUSTRATION AND DESIGN

Department of Apparel and Fashion

Design
School of Sciences
Tamil Nadu Open University
577, Anna Salai, Saidapet, Chennai – 600 015
November 2021

2
 Credit Page

Name of Programme: M.Sc – Apparel and Fashion Design

Name of the Course Code MSADS - P1 – Fashion Illustration and Design

with Title:

Curriculum Design: Dr.R.PRAGADHEESWARI

Assistant Professor of Fashion Design
School of Science Tamil Nadu Open University
Course Writer: Dr.R.PRAGADHEESWARI
Assistant Professor of Fashion Design
School of Science Tamil Nadu Open University
Content Editor cum Course Dr.R.PRAGADHEESWARI
Coordinator:
Assistant Professor of Fashion Design
School of Science Tamil Nadu Open University

December 2021 (First Edition)

Reprint
ISBN No: 978-93-5706-294-7
© Tamil Nadu Open University, 2021
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form,
by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from
the Tamil Nadu Open University. Course Writer is the responsible
person for the contents presented in the Course Materials.
Further information on the Tamil Nadu Open University Academic
Programmes may be obtained from the University Office at 577, Anna
Salai, Saidapet, Chennai-600 015 [or] www.tnou.ac.in
@ TNOU, 2021, “Fashion illustration and
Design” is made available under a Creative
Commons Attribution -Share Alike 4.0 License
(International)
Printed by: M/s. N.N. 490, Ramanathapuram District Co-operative
Printing Work Ltd., Ramanad - 630005.
4
 Syllabus
M.Sc Apparel and Fashion Design
Practical Paper
MSADS - P1 – FASHION ILLUSTRATION AND
DESIGN
(Practical Manual)

I. Prepare the following illustrations

• Different Lines – Vertical, Horizontal, Diagonal, Wavy,

zigzag, Dotted, Dashed, Spiral etc:-
• Free hand drawing techniques of brush and pencil and related
exercises.
• Introduction to Colour and Its Application - different
mediums- Poster Color, Photo Color, Fuji Color, Water Color,
Drawing Ink, Dry Crayons, Charcoal Pencil, Charcoal Stick,
Pencil.
II. Prepare the following illustrations
• Different types of lines in a garment .Illustrate the line effects
in the same silhouette-any 5 types
• Creating Checked effects in a garment –one color and more than
one color
• Creating printed effects in a garment –one color arid more than
one color
III. Introduction to Design Development
• Inspiration Board, Mood Board, Story Board, Color Board and
Swatch Board.
• Flat Sketches.
• Art Plates – Collection of Croquis / Fashion Plates.
• Portfolio Presentation on Two garment

WEBLINK:
• http://www.gov.pe.ca/photos/original/4hsk_fashionRG.pdf

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• https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehe202.pdf
• https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/doc/fashion_studies/
3_XII_Text_Book.pdf
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0Aaco8m2bk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQRe6hpFbeA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-WREU6bfcc

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 M.Sc., Apparel and Fashion Design
(Practical Paper)

MSADS – P1: Fashion Illustration and

Design

PAGE
S.NO CONTENT
NO

FASHION ILLUSTRATION

Introduction 1
BLOCK -1
Types of Fashion Drawing 5

Tools for Sketching and Illustration 9

BASIC OF DESIGN

BLOCK - 2 Ex.No:1 - Different Line Practice 13

Ex.No:2 - Pencil and Brush Strokes 19

APPLICATION OF DESIGN
CONCEPT IN DRESS

Ex.No : 3 – Application of Colour

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Schemes in Dress Designing

Ex.No : 4 – Application of Line in

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Dress Designing
BLOCK - 3
Ex.No : 5 - Application of Checks in
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Dress Designing

Ex.No : 6 - Application of Prints in

40
Dress Designing

Ex.No : 7: Application of Principles 45

of Design in Dress Designing

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 FASHION DETAILS

Ex.No : 8 – Fashion Details

Practice of Neckline
BLOCK - 4
Practice of Collar 50
Practice of sleeve
Practice of Skirt

FASHION PORTFOLIO
PRESENTATION

Introduction 62
BLOCK - 5
Model portfolio presentation 74

Fashion Sketches 81

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 INTRODUCTION
Fashion Illustration and Design
In the fashion world, new designs are presented in the form of hand-
drawn sketches before they’re actually cut and sewn. First, draw a
croquis, the model-shaped figure that serves as the base of the sketch.
The point is not to draw a realistic-looking figure, but a blank canvas of
sorts on which to display illustrations of dresses, skirts, blouses,
accessories and the rest of your creations. Adding color and details like
ruffles, seams and buttons helps to bring your ideas to life.

Fashion Illustration is the communication of fashion that originates with

illustration, drawing and painting. It is usually commissioned for
reproduction in fashion magazines as one part of an editorial feature or
for the purpose of advertising and promoting fashion makers, fashion
boutiques and department stores.
Fashion drawing is an excellent method of developing and realising our
design ideas. It allows you to visually play with design lines and features
without the need to make costly samples. Good quality technical
drawings are imperative for the industry, yet many people struggle with
their drawing abilities and often lack confidence in their skills. This
system has been developed to allow anyone to overcome the difficulties
that they may have encountered with freehand drawing, by following a
systematic approach and the use of the ruler system.
In producing this system have the opportunity to draw on background in
the fashion industry and may experienced of fashion and design expert.
The system was developed using the fashion proportions based on the
8½ head canon as the ideal proportions of the fashion figure. The
average human is between 7½ - 8 heads in height. Fashion figures
generally have additional length added in the legs to give a more
dramatic and stylised look. Once you have mastered the Easy Draw
system you should have the confidence to develop your own style
further and the rulers will be a valuable aid in your future drawings and
illustrations.
1.2 Understanding illustration

The typical female fashion figure is illustrated as slender with square

shoulders, heads drawn smaller, necks and legs longer than in the
classical life drawing. In the average female’s body the head is about
seven to eight times smaller than that of the total height of the entire
figure .

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A grown up human body is divided into eight equal parts, which are
equal in height to that of the head. So each part is known as the “head”.
All these eight divisions or heads are as follows :
1st head : From hair to chin or nape of neck.
2nd head : From chin to chest or bottom of scye.
3rd head : From bottom of armhole to waist.
4th head : From waist to hip.

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5th head : From hip to mid thigh
6th head : From mid-thigh to below knee
7th head : From knee to calf muscle

8th head : From calf to tip of toe

For fashion drawings, this increases to nine to ten times or more .
Fashion drawings retain the basic proportions of the human form from
the head to the crotch. Extra length is added to the legs to give dramatic,
stylised look and to give clothing more dynamic appeal.
1.3 Scope and need of Fashion Illustration

(i) Composition and Well Planned Layout - The positioning of the

drawing on the page and the relationship of one drawing to another are
all important because they help create a design image. Relate the
sketch to the space and other sketches around it so as to create an
interesting, stimulating and harmonious total effect. Individually,
sketches can look flat and uninteresting but if all the right ingredients are
grouped together in a well planned layout, the theme will be strong and
extremely successful.
(ii) Right Purpose - The drawing should consider the purpose and
objective of the presentation; it may be for a fashion prediction board or
fashion design board displaying the fashion trends. It could also be for a
fashion presentation board, forecasting drawing, promotional fashion
illustration or advertisement for magazines. The drawing should be
created depending on the target market, project brief and the purpose of
the drawing board. (iii) Understanding Construction and Form - A
design drawing is often an interpretation of a three-dimensional form in a
two-dimensional way. It is important that the structure of the three-
dimensional form is clearly expressed and defined by the use of tone
and texture.
(iv) Awareness of Body Perspective and Proportion - Good drawings
need not be photographically accurate. It is still essential to show how
scale and proportion are observed and re-create such factors in your
drawings. Understanding body perspective will also help you draw the
correct proportion of the figure in various poses.
(v) Rhythm of Line - The mood and shape of the design are developed
by the thickness of lines. Drawing figures using one continuous line,
avoid the messy broken lines.
vi) Effective Use of Paper and Media - Drawings should not only be
done in pencil, the use of various media should be explored given that

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these media help to make the ideas more explicit. Work on different
colored papers, use various colours for outlines and experiment with all
media and combinations. 63

(vii) Evidence of Observation - Design drawing should show the ability

to observe how a basic garment looks, showing many details and
embellishments are observed such as how a collar forms part of the
neckline, how a conventional garment looks, its zipper fastening and the
proportion of the collar or cuffs to the rest of the garment.
(viii) Evidence of Enquiry - Drawing is a form of exploration and how to
explore and record ideas, forms, shapes and emotions.

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 2. TYPES OF FASHION DRAWING
There are four types of fashion drawing, namely fashion illustration,
fashion sketch, stylisation and production drawing.
(i)Fashion Illustration-Richard Surger and Jenny Lidal (2006, pg.49)
defined in their book the Fundamentals of Fashion Design that fashion
illustration is not so much about the design but about capturing the spirit
of the clothes. Illustration can be used to express a mood or give the
clothes context by setting a scene where the clothes might be worn or
representing the kind of person who might wear the clothes through
styling, make up, hair and pose. Fashion illustration dose not need to
show the whole of a garment unless it is used in a portfolio in which a
design has not been made up into a real outfit or garment. With the
latter, the illustration takes the place of a photograph, showing how the
garment would look on the body.

Mark making and the use of various art materials are much more
important in fashion illustration than in design. The best mark making is
the one that is fluid and full of movement and this is a skill that can be
developed over time. One can also use multimedia art materials for
more layered, interesting images. Different types of art materials can
also help express different textures of fabric. As technology develops,
fashion illustrators have the choice to work with the craft such as pencil,

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pen, paintbrush, crayon, collage, paint, airbrush, ink, etc, or computer
artistry. The choice of focus and technique is as unlimited as an
illustrator’s imagination.

(ii) Fashion Sketch- Richard Surger and Jenny Lidal (2006, pg.49) also
defined in their book the Fundamentals of Fashion Design that fashion
sketch is about communicating design ideas although it can also be
about capturing the spirit of the clothes. A fashion sketch is used to get
ideas down, and does not need to be fancy. What it does need is to be
proportional. If the proportions of the drawing are too abnormal, it will
follow through to the proportions of the designs; what looks good on a
figure that has too-long legs will not necessarily look good on a real
person. It is commonly conceived that anything looks good on a person
with long legs, which is why long legs work well on catwalks.

A fashion sketch also needs to be a fairly fast drawing. In an ideal world,

creative ideas come rapidly and need to be put down on paper quickly
before they are forgotten given that human brain has a habit of moving
on to other ideas rather instantly. As one draws on his/her designs, try to
put down colour and fabric references on the drawing as often as
possible. The designs are not only about silhouette and detail but also
about colour and fabric.
(iii) Stylisation A convention in stylisation is that a figure should be
elongated or stylised to give more elegance. However, that elongation
should involve only the legs. The term stylisation is understood as the

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exaggeration of the structure of the body, reducing it to a few essential
features. These are various ways of stylising a figure and one of them is
to elongate the height of the model by one or two heads of measure.
The proportions remain unchanged while the length of the limbs and
principal parts of the body has been modified.

The diagram below has been elongated by one and a half units and the
one on the right hand side has been raised by two. The head has more
or less the same dimensions, the shoulders are slightly broader in
relation to the pelvis and the neck has been slightly elongated. The
chest has also been broadened while the pelvic region has been
shortened, thereby raising the pubic region. The waist has been reduced
in size; the limbs have been elongated, maintaining proportions with the
upper body. The feet obviously follow the extension of the body in
length.
(iv) Production Drawing Production drawings, also referred to as flats
(US), technical drawings, working drawings, specification drawings and
diagrammatics are explicit drawings of garment designs. They are drawn
to scale, showing construction lines and styling details. Production
drawings are drawings with the front and back views of garments, they
are line drawings only but with structure and details and are executed
with a black fine-line pen. Thicker pens may be used for outlining seams,
darts and details. Finer pens can be used for outlining topstitches and
special textures. The purpose of production drawings is to allow
production teams to facilitate the making up procedures which may

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include the construction of patterns, sewing up of garments, inspection,
etc. Thus, the drawings must be clear with all the details well drawn. No
colours should be used at this stage because the production sketches
may need to be photocopied. Production drawings should be visually in
proper proportion and easy to be understood of their style of drawing to
prevent any misunderstanding from the part of the viewers. Any
misunderstanding may affect the accuracy during the course of the
production process of garments. Besides the front and back views,
measurements and analytical diagrams of special features should also
be indicated. Any particular request can be indicated by designers
through production drawings. Many companies use production drawings
as their primary visual source to communicate and liaise with buyers,
clients, sample machinists and pattern makers.

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 3. TOOLS FOR SKETCHING AND
ILLUSTRATION

The following are the basic tools for fashion sketching and illustration:
Papers:
• Fashion sketchbook – usually an A4 or A3 or A5 size of book
available in the Market. These books have two sides slightly
rough on one side and smooth on other side. Rough side for
pencil work and Smooth side for Paint based work

• Bond paper 80 gsm – high quality paper which is suitable for

drawing
• Handmade paper with a rough texture to practice sketching and
presentation drawing
• Cartridge paper is a special type of paper best for illustration and
light water color sketches /paintings. You can buy it in different
weights (100 -160 gsm is ideal) and sizes A1, A2, A3, A4.
Tracing Paper:
All tracing paper is limited in use except for its see-through abilities. It is
also great for corrections and useful as overlays on a sketch.
Pencils:
• HB B and 2B pencils are used for drawing shapes

• 4B, 6B & 8B pencils are used for shading, highlighting;

• charcoal pencils

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Colours:
• Pencil: Different Colour packs are available in the Market with
various colour combinations

• Crayon: Available in Different Colours and best suited for

rendering process

• Oil Pastels: Available in Different Colours and it is best suitable

for colour blending

• Water Colour: Available in Different Colours

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 • Poster Colour: Available in Different Colours

• Marker pen – used for detailing

Pens:
Pens come in as many types of points or nibs as markers do. Some
have felt tips, while others have metal or plastic tips.
Brushes:
• Round water color brushes Size nos.0, 2, 4,5,8,10,12 (0 – most
thinner in size and 12- Maximum thicker in Size)
• Flat water color brushes Size nos.3, 5,8,12

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Scale:
• Set Square Scale

• Stainless/ Plastic Ruler

• French Curve
Miscellaneous

• Palette
• Stapler
• Scratch Tape

• Scissors
• Paper cutter/Knife
• Pins / Clips
• Cotton Swab / Scratch Cloth
• Eraser
• Sharpner

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 EX . NO: 1
DIFFERENT LINE PRACTICE
Aim:
Create and Practice the type of lines and apply different lines in dress
designing
Principles:
It provides the visual dimensions of length and width. When lines
combine, space is enclosed and forms and shapes are defined. Lines
offered a path of vision for the eyes when is wearing an object/outfit.
Lines within a garment are created by darts seams and decorative
details.
Requirements:
• Paper - A4 bond sheets

• Pencil - HB.B.2B,
• Eraser
• Ruler

• Color Pencil
• Ivory Sheet
Procedure:

1. Prepare all the tools as mentioned above

2. Work space and hand should be clean
2. Take a A4 Sheet with neat border or Sketch Book for Line Drawing
process
3. Divided into Small Square boxes for line Drawing Practice
4. Hold the pencil into right direction

5. Based on the line type practice accordingly

Types if Line
A line in art is defined as a point moving in space, and it’s one of the
seven elements of art (line, color, shape, form, texture, value, space).
It is one of the most crucial elements, as everything begins with just a
simple dot in space, that transforms into lines and then drawings.

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5 Types of Lines in Art: Meaning and Examples
Vertical lines are straight up and down lines that are moving in space
without any slant and are perpendicular to horizontal lines. They suggest
height and strength because they extend towards the sky and seem
unshakeable.

Horizontal lines are straight lines parallel to the horizon that move from
left to right. They suggest width, distance, calmness, and stability.

Diagonal lines are straight lines that slant in any direction except
horizontal or vertical. When in use, they suggest movement or lack of
stability.

Zigzag lines are a series of diagonal lines joined at ends. They can
convey action and excitement, as well as restlessness and anxiety.

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Curved lines are lines that bend and change direction gradually. They
can be simply wavy or spiral. Such lines convey the feelings of comfort
and ease, as well as sensual quality as they remind us of the human
body.

The 5 main types of lines are the beginning of all sorts of amazing and
unique lines! To get more line variations, refer to tools such as length,
width, weight, texture, style, direction, the degree of curve or all of the
above combined.
Length in lines can be long (tall, strong, far) or short (small, cute, close).

Width in lines goes from thin (delicate, slim, lightweight) to thick

(strength, weight, power).

Weight in lines means the continuous change of width. By varying the

weight, one can capture energy, movement and even suggest when one
object is in front of the other.

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Texture in lines defines how smooth or rough it is. Varying it can simply
mean changing your working medium (for example, going from marker
to charcoal or changing your digital brush).

Style of lines refers to continuous, dotted, dashed or implied lines.

Continuous or implied lines are great for leading the eye of the viewer in
the direction you want them to go. Dashed or dotted lines are great for
patterns, energy and calling for attention.

If we combine all of these variations into one, we get a unique looking

line that serves a purpose.

Observation:
To check the perfection of lines and it continuous movement.
Complete the exercises with different lines by using pencil or Color
Pencil

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PRACTICE SHEET – 1 : LINE DRAWING

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26
 EX . NO: 2
PENCIL AND BRUSH STROKES
Aim:
Create and Practice the Basic strokes of pencil and brushes

Principles:
Sketching with a pencil is versatile, portable, and requires only a few
basic art supplies. With just a few tools you can create an incredibly
detailed and beautiful work of art.
Requirements:
• Paper - A4 bond sheets
• Pencil - HB.B.2B,
• Color Pencil or Oil Pastel
• Brushes

• Water color or Postal Color

• Eraser
• Ruler

• Ivory Sheet
• Cotton Swab or Scrap Cloth
Procedure

1. Prepare all the tools as mentioned above

2. Work space and hand should be clean
2. Take a A4 Sheet with neat border or Sketch Book for Line Drawing
process
3. Divided into Small Square boxes for line Drawing Practice
4. Hold the pencil into right direction

5. Based on the line type practice accordingly

Techniques of Pencil Sketching
There are many styles in which you can sketch with a pencil, all ranging
from simplistic lines to complex drawings and sketches. Learning a
variety of different sketching techniques can take your pencil drawings to
a whole new level, bringing greater depth and refinement to the artwork
you create. Here, we share a variety of pencil sketching techniques to try

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in your next creation. Read on to discover our top sketching tips and
techniques.
Hatching & Cross-Hatching

These methods are very common and effective ways to add depth to
your sketches through shading. When it comes to well-known pencil
drawing styles that can level up your sketches, hatching & cross-
hatching is at the top of the list of skills you should learn. Hatching is
essentially a series of lines drawn along the main line of your drawing to
create shadow and depth. These lines shouldn’t touch. Cross hatching is
a series of lines used in the same way, but where they intersect. The
closer these lines, the darker the shading in your drawing will be.
Stippling

Stippling is the art of adding dots to add shading and depth, similar to
hatching or cross hatching. The closer the dots, the deeper the effect. To
ensure that your dots show up and make a better impact, it’s best to use
softer graphite for this effect, as it comes out darker.
Scribbling
Everyone has created idle scribbles on a piece of paper when waiting on
hold during a telephone call. But scribbling is actually a drawing
technique that can be very effective. The characteristics of a scribbled
sketch can be identified by the erratic, uneven and definitely not straight
lines within the piece. Using random movements across the paper will
result in a somewhat deconstructed image, and the more irregular lines
created closer together, the darker it will appear.
Circling
Control the tone your pencil produces by simply adjusting the amount of
pressure you place on it. To create smooth transitions you can make
small circular strokes that give you a more blended appearance. It’s
important to note that you shouldn’t make small circles with perceptible
lines. Instead, move the pencil around in a circular motion when adding
pressure. For this approach a duller pencil works best.
Smooth Shading & Blending
To add a cleaner shading element to your drawing, you can try smooth
shading. This can be done in a number of ways, including using your
finger or a rolled up piece of paper to blend in hatching or cross hatching
This will give your sketch a smoother appearance. You can also blend
simply by angling your pencil to utilize the wider edge, creating thicker
lines that create the appearance of shadows and shading.

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Basic Pencil Strokes

Basic Brush Strokes

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Practice Sheet – Pencil and Brush

Pencil and Brushing Technique

Hatching

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Cross Hatching

Stippling

Layering

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 Scribbling

Gradient

Impressing

Observation:
To explore and complete the exercises the technique of pencil and
Brushes strokes using graphite pencil or color pencil.

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 Ex . No: 3
APPLICATION OF COLOUR SCHEMES IN
DRESS DESIGNING
Aim:

Create and apply the colors Schemes in Dress Designing by using

Acrylic or Water colors
Principles:

Colour is the most significant design factor, and it is the first thing people
note when looking at a garment. Colour is a light property and a
sensation that happens as light reaches the eyes. Colour enables one to
express them, to affect the feeling, and also reveal the personality of the
wearer.
Requirements:
• Paper - A4 bond sheets
• Pencil - HB.B.2B,
• Brushes
• Water Colour or Postal Colour
• Palette
• Water cup
• Brushes
• Eraser
• Ruler
• Ivory Sheet
• Cotton Swab or Scrap Cloth
Procedure

1. Prepare all the tools as mentioned above

2. Work space and hand should be clean
2. Take an A4 Sheet with neat border or Sketch Book for Check Design
Drawing process
3. Divided into Small Square boxes for Colour Drawing Practice
4. Hold the pencil into right direction
5. Based on the Design of check Practice it in the given template

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11.1.1. Properties of colour
Hue, value, and intensity/ saturation are the three distinct properties of
colour.

a) Hue - Another term for a colour name is hue. Red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, violet, magenta, and cyan are some of the colour names.

(b) Value - Value refers to a colour’s lightness or darkness.

Procedure:

• Choose one hue of any colour

• Add white colour on the base colour value Ie., Colour : White
• Mixed it in the ratio of 10:1, 9:2, 8:3, 7:4, 6:5, 5:6, 4:7, 3:8,
2:9,1:10
Practice Sheet – Value Chart

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

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(b) Intensity/ saturation - refers to a colour’s brightness or dullness.
• Choose one hue of any colour

• Add Gray colour on the base of colour value Ie., Colour: White
• Mixed it in the ratio of 10:1, 9:2, 8:3, 7:4, 6:5, 5:6, 4:7, 3:8,
2:9,1:10

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 PRACTICE SHEET - COLOUR WHEEL
Prang Colour Chart
It is a standard 12-hue wheel with 3 primaries, 3 secondary and 6
tertiary colours. Prang value has 11 steps from white to black and 7
steps in intensity from a full primary at the tip to its full complement
secondary at bottom.

• Primary Colours – Red, Blue, Yellow

• Secondary Colours – Purple, Orange, Green
• Tertiary Colours - blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, yellow-
orange, red-orange, and red-violet

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 PRACTICE SHEET - COLOUR SCHEMES

▪ Monochromatic – Take one hue and create other elements from

different shades and tints of it.
▪ Analogous – Use three colors located beside one another on the
color wheel (e.g., orange, yellow-orange and yellow to show
sunlight). A variant is to mix white with these to form a “high-key”
analogous color scheme (e.g., flames).
▪ Complementary – Use “opposite color” pairs—e.g., blue/yellow—to
maximize contrast.
▪ Split-Complementary (or Compound Harmony) – Add colors from
either side of your complementary color pair to soften contrast.
▪ Triadic – Take three colors which are equally distant on the color
wheel (i.e., 120° apart: e.g., red/blue/yellow). These colors may not
be vibrant, but the scheme can be as it maintains harmony and high
contrast. It’s easier to make visually appealing designs with this than
with a complementary scheme.
▪ Tetradic – Take four colors that are two sets of complementary pairs
(e.g., orange/yellow/blue/violet) and choose one dominant color. This
allows rich, interesting designs. However, watch
the balance between warm and cool colors.

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PRACTICE SHEET - MONOCHROMATIC

PRACTICE SHEET - ANALOGOUS

38
PRACTICE SHEET - COMPLEMENTARY

PRACTICE SHEET –SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY

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PRACTICE SHEET - TRIADIC

PRACTICE SHEET - TETRADIC

Observation:
To explore and complete the exercises of colors application in dress by
using Colour pencil or Poster color.

40
 Ex . No: 4
APPLICATION OF LINES IN DRESS
DESIGNING
Aim:

Create and apply the line effect in Dress Designing by using pencil and
brushes
Principles:

Line is the most basic element of design. Line can divide areas into
shapes and spaces. Line can give direction or a feeling of movement to
a design. As a basic tool, line can be used to create optical illusions in
clothing. Line direction may be vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or curved.
Requirements:
• Paper - A4 bond sheets
• Pencil - HB.B.2B,
• Color Pencil or Oil Pastel
• Brushes
• Water Color or Postal Color
• Eraser
• Ruler
• Ivory Sheet
• Cotton Swab or Scrap Cloth
Procedure
1. Prepare all the tools as mentioned above
2. Work space and hand should be clean
2. Take a A4 Sheet with neat border or Sketch Book for Line Drawing
process
3. Divided into Small Square boxes for line Drawing Practice
4. Hold the pencil into right direction
5. Based on the line type practice accordingly

41
 PRACTICE SHEET – VERTICAL LINE APPLICATION
Vertical Line Effect
Apply the vertical based line design in given dress template

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 PRACTICE SHEET - HORIZONTAL LINE EFFECT
Horizontal Line Effect
Apply the Horizontal based line design in given dress template

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 PRACTICE SHEET - DIAGONAL LINE EFFECT
Diagonal Line Effect
Apply the Diagonal based line design in given dress template

Observation:
To explore and complete the exercises the technique of Line using
pencil and Brushes.

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 Ex. No: 5
APPLICATION OF CHECKS IN DRESS
DESIGNING
Aim:

Create and apply the Checks effect in Dress Designing by using pencil
and brushes
Principles:

Check is a pattern of modified stripes consisting of crossed horizontal

and vertical lines which form squares. Checkered stripes were prominent
in textile designs. The pattern typically contains two colours where a
single checker (that is a single square within the check pattern) is
surrounded on all four sides by a checker of a different colour..
Requirements:
• Paper - A4 bond sheets
• Pencil - HB.B.2B,
• Color Pencil or Oil Pastel
• Brushes
• Water Color or Postal Color
• Eraser
• Ruler
• Ivory Sheet
• Cotton Swab or Scrap Cloth
Procedure
1. Prepare all the tools as mentioned above
2. Work space and hand should be clean

2. Take a A4 Sheet with neat border or Sketch Book for Check Design
Drawing process
3. Divided into Small Square boxes for Checks Drawing Practice
4. Hold the pencil into right direction
5. Based on the Design of check Practice it in the given template

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ILLUSTRATION OF CHECKED DESIGN IN DRESS

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 PRACTICE SHEET – CHECKED DESIGNS
CHECKED DESIGN -1

CHECKED DESIGN - 2

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 Ex . No: 6
APPLICATION OF PRINTS IN DRESS
DESIGNING
Aim:

Create and apply the Checks effect in Dress Designing by using pencil
and brushes
Principles:

Check is a pattern of modified stripes consisting of crossed horizontal

and vertical lines which form squares. Checkered stripes were prominent
in textile designs. The pattern typically contains two colours where a
single checker (that is a single square within the check pattern) is
surrounded on all four sides by a checker of a different colour..
Requirements:
• Paper - A4 bond sheets
• Pencil - HB.B.2B,
• Colour Pencil or Oil Pastel
• Brushes
• Water Colour or Postal Colour
• Eraser
• Ruler
• Ivory Sheet
• Cotton Swab or Scrap Cloth
Procedure
1. Prepare all the tools as mentioned above
2. Work space and hand should be clean

2. Take a A4 Sheet with neat border or Sketch Book for Check Design
Drawing process
3. Divided into Small Square boxes for Checks Drawing Practice
4. Hold the pencil into right direction
5. Based on the Design of check Practice it in the given template

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Types of Fashion Print Concept
Fashion prints are as trend driven as colour and garment style. Fashion
prints are becoming an increasingly utilised tool in a fashion designer’s
tool kit. Therefore although the following is a general run down of the
various types of fashion prints, depending on the season and year, some
maybe more popular than others.

Floral – associated with any plant form depicted whether it be a flower

bud or tree. There are names descriptive of the scale of the floral such
as Liberty or the style such as Ditsy.

Fig: Floral Design

Geometric – Geometric prints range from colour blocking random
shapes to the tessellating patterns inspired by Islamic art.

Fig: Geometric Design

Graphic/Abstract – Abstract is used to describe unrecognisable forms
and motifs, mostly because they cannot be described any other way.
Graphic is descriptive of the boldness of a print. Refers to predominantly

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modern designs and sometimes goes hand in hand with another of the
types listed here i.e. Graphic Floral.

Fig: Abstract Design

Animal/Skin – Printed replicas of various animal skins not necessarily
the full body of the animal itself i.e. leopard, snake, alligator, zebra etc.

Fig: Animal Design

Conversational – Recognisable images such as everyday objects and
animals generally taken out of familiar context or placed in conjunction
with out of context images i.e. human legs carrying houses. Often
‘cartoon’ in rendering and with a whimsical feel, also called novelty
prints.

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ILLUSTRATION OF PRINTED DESIGN IN DRESS

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ILLUSTRATION OF PRINTED DESIGN IN DRESS

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PRACTICE SHEET – PRINT DESIGN
Floral Print Geometric Print

Abstract Print

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 Ex . No: 7
APPLICATION OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN
DRESS DESIGNING
Aim:

Create and apply the Principles of Design in Dress Designing by using

pencil and brushes
Principles:

The principles of design are recommendations for using design

components to make appealing clothes and various forms of creative
expression. They're used to design, discuss, and evaluate garments
both on and off the individual/dress form. Balance, proportion, emphasis,
and unity/harmony are all important principles to consider when
arranging design elements.

Requirements:
• Paper - A4 bond sheets
• Pencil - HB.B.2B,
• Color Pencil or Oil Pastel
• Brushes
• Water Color or Postal Color
• Eraser
• Ruler
• Ivory Sheet
• Cotton Swab or Scrap Cloth
Procedure
1. Prepare all the tools as mentioned above

2. Work space and hand should be clean

2. Take a A4 Sheet with neat border or Sketch Book for Line Drawing
process
3. Divided into Small Square boxes for line Drawing Practice
4. Hold the pencil into right direction
5. Based on the line type practice accordingly

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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN:
Harmony - This is achieved when design components and principles
operate well together. In design, unity is also known as harmony. The
link between all pieces within a whole design creates a nice visual unity.
Balance - A design provides equal interest or weight on both sides of an
imaginary garment centre. Design balance can be divided into three
categories.
▪ Formal balance, which is seen in practically all simple-design
clothes;

▪ Informal balance, which is more difficult to produce than formal

balance;
▪ Radial balance, which is mostly found in neckline areas.

Rhythm: It is a fundamental principle of art that is established by the

repetitive use of a design. Repetition, gradation, transition, opposition, or
radial arrangement of various aspects of the design, as well as the fabric
design, can be used to generate rhythm in a garment.
Emphasis - It is defined as a concentration of interest in one region of a
design known as the eye grabbing area that serves as the centre of
focus. When compared to other subsidiary areas, emphasis refers to the
concentration of interest on the chosen area of design.
Proportion – it refers to the relationship between each design's height,
width, depth, and surrounding space. A satisfying relationship between
the sizes of various design details in a dress, as well as between the
garment itself and the design details, is referred to as good proportion.

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 PRACTICE SHEET - HARMONY

PRACTICE SHEET – BALANCE AND INFORMAL BALANCE

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 PRACTICE SHEET – EMPHASIS

PRACTICE SHEET – RHYTHM THROUGH RADIATION AND

GRADATION

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 PRACTICE SHEET – PROPORTION

Observation:
To explore and complete the exercises of Principles of Design
application in dress by using Colour pencil or Poster color.

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 EX . NO: 8
FASHION DETAIL
Aim:
Create the different type of fashion detail by using pencil and brushes

Principles:
The fashions never repeat themselves quite in the same way. There can
be a whole range of distinctive features. We could note various types of
neckline (high or low, oval, V-neck, boat neck, tie or polo neck, with
collar or collarless), and various cuts of sleeves (inset, raglan, dropped
shoulder or batwing). The dress may have a classic line, A-line or be
straight. The waistline may be natural, high or low. At one time straight
or slit skirts are in, at another full, bell-shaped or divided skirts become
trendy. These details are make the fashion illustration become more
detailed.
Requirements:
• Paper - A4 bond sheets

• Pencil - HB.B.2B,
• Colour Pencil or Oil Pastel
• Brushes

• Water Colour or Postal Colour

• Eraser
• Ruler

• Ivory Sheet
• Cotton Swab or Scrap Cloth
Procedure

1. Prepare all the tools as mentioned above

2. Work space and hand should be clean
2. Take a A4 Sheet with neat border or Sketch Book for Check Design
Drawing process
3. Divided into Small Square boxes for Drawing Practice
4. Hold the pencil into right direction

5. Based on the Design of fashion detail Practice it in the given template

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The fashions never repeat themselves quite in the same way. There can
be a whole range of distinctive features. We could note various types of
neckline (high or low, oval, V-neck, boat neck, tieor polo neck, with collar
or collarless), and various cuts of sleeves (inset, raglan, dropped
shoulder or batwing). The dress may have a classic line, A-line or be
straight. The waistline may be natural, high or low. At one time straight
or slit skirts are in, at another full, bell-shaped or divided skirts become
trendy.

PRACTISE OF NECK LINE

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PRACTISE OF COLLAR

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PRACTICE OF SLEEVE

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PRACTICE OF SKIRT

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 9. PORT FOLIO PRESENTATION
Introduction
A Portfolio is a unique communication method/evidence of learning or
progress/an organised collection of articrafts that demonstrates ones
skills & abilities. A portfolio displays the sampling of work done by an
artist, designer or illustrator.
Fashion Port Folio
In the same way, fashion designer show case their design through
Fashion Port Folio in that a resume or a cover letter is a unique
statement about the designer. There are two kinds of port folio.
Traditional portfolio - A Traditional Portfolio is usually a handmade
collection of one’s work in printed format, such as drawings,
sketchbooks, presentations boards, samples & material boards, bound
illustrations, etc…
Digital Portfolio - A Traditional Portfolio is usually a handmade
collection of one’s work in printed format, such as drawings,
sketchbooks, presentations boards, samples & material boards, bound
illustrations, etc…
Content of Portfolio
 Name Board/Title of the collection
 Acknowledgement
 The client board/Customer profile
 Mind maps
 Research Board

 Mood Board / Theme Board/Inspiration board

 Flat Sketches / Design development sheets
 Line sheets

 Fabric Board
 Colour Board
 Accessory Board

 Specification sheets
 Story Board

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9.1. NAME BOARD / TITLE OF THE COLLECTION
➢ The title for the board / collection should indicate the theme and
mood.
➢ The theme and title can be determined by the fabrics (Natural
Linens), the season (Summer Blues), or the merchandise .

➢ Illustrations/ Magazines/ Colour pencils

9.2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanking the people who’ve assisted in the making of the portfolio

9.3. CLIENT BOARD/CUSTOMER PROFILE

▪ This is one of the most important boards.
▪ This gives you an idea of your client, his or her likes and dislikes.

▪ You also have to keep in mind, the age of the client, the educational
and the economic background of your client.
▪ At the same time do not be too specific as in naming your client,
giving his address etc.
Client Board for General People

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Client Board for Celebrity

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9.4. MIND MAPS
Mind mapping was developed as an effective method for generating
ideas by association. In order to create a mind map, you usually start in
the middle of the page with the central theme/main idea and from that
point you work outward in all directions to create a growing diagram
composed of keywords, phrases, concepts, facts and figures.

Mind mapping can be used for generating, visualising, organising, note-

taking, problem-solving, decision-making, revising and clarifying your
university topic, so that you can get started with assessment tasks.
Essentially, a mind map is used to ‘brainstorm’ a topic and is a great
strategy for students.
MIND MAPPING OF WEDDING DRESS

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MIND MAPPING OF PARTY DRESS

9.5. MOOD BOARD / THEME BOARD

Mood boards are important to explain the inspiration behind your
collections. This will help recruiters and companies see how you work
and how creative you are. Include pictures, fabric swatches, drawings,
and colour and textile palettes. One or two pages dedicated to your
concepts will be suffice, anymore and your portfolio is at risk of being too
long. A mood board is a mixed media collage of visually appealing
images that are meant to invoke your creativity. generally its done by
collage concept.
➢ Collage means “to stick”, Different materials including pictures
taken from magazines, photographs, laces, fabrics, cards and
other printed materials, even envelopes and tickets, bills etc are
arranged and glued to a flat surface.
➢ The images chosen have to be edited keeping your theme in
mind.
➢ At times words, statements and slogans are stenciled on or cut
from printed material like newspapers and magazines.

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Grey Yellow Mood Board Using Digital Collage

Hand Made Collage for Summer Dress

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9.6. FLAT SKETCHES / DESIGN DEVELOPMENT SHEETS
Flat sketches, better known in the fashion industry as “flats”, are black
and white fashion sketches that show a garment as if it were laid “flat” to
display all seams, hardware, and any other design details.
While they can be drawn by hand, nowadays fashion flats are usually
sketched using computer software such as Adobe Illustrator. Always
included in design packages and tech packs, they serve as an important
reference for patternmakers, merchandisers, as well as production and
sales teams, and manufacturers. Also referred to as design development
sheets.
Fashion flats are different from regular fashion sketching. Flats drawn for
any type of garment should be more proportionate to the actual human
body. Basically if the designer sends the vendor a flat sketch of a skirt,
even without the specs (measurement page), they should be able to
make it based on the sketch. Usually front & back views are drawn; if
needed, include side view
Dress Flat Sketch

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9.7. LINE SHEET
A line sheet is a sales tool used by brands and designers to present their
products to wholesale buyers. Line sheets include product images,
descriptions, color & size options, and wholesale prices so that buyers
can make purchases from your line.
Line Sheet for Production

Based on the design theme the following presentation board may

presented individually and combined together
9.8. FABRIC BOARD

The fabric board contains fabric swatches along with the trims that are
going to be used in the collection. It express the texture and colour of the
fabric used by the selected theme.

9.9. COLOUR BOARD

A color mood board is used to inspire you as you put together a color
palette from the vision you've revealed on the board. This simply means
that you're saying to your theme colours are expressed in this board
9.10. ACCESSORY BOARD
Accessories usually refer to trims, like zippers, buttons, laces, closures
etc., which will be used in construction of the garment. Illustrating

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accessories, bags and jewellery along with your clothing creates a
polished finish to your illustration.
FABRIC AND COLOUR BOARD

Accessory Board

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 ACCESSORY BOARD

9.11. Presentation Lay out

Fashion Sketches
Fashion Illustration is the art of communicating fashion ideas in a visual
form that originates with illustration, drawing and painting and also
known as Fashion sketching. It is mainly used by fashion designers to
brainstorm their ideas on paper or digitally.

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9.12. Story Board

The storyboard “tells the story” of the designer's idea. The storyboard
includes original illustrations and flats, as well as additional materials
(such as photos from the Internet or magazines, paper, fabric swatches,
patterns, etc.) that have influenced the unique design.

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10. MODEL PORTFOLIO PRESENTATION

NAME BOARD / TITLE OF THE COLLECTION: PEACOCK

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10.1. CLIENT BOARD

Gender : Female

Season : Summer/Spring
Age : 18 yrs to 28 yrs
Economical Status : Higher Class / Upper Middle Class

Demographics : Metropolitan
City : Chennai
Market : Party wear

Interest: A person with interested with tradition and

expressive and experimental with their
clothing.

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10.2. MOOD BOARD / THEME BOARD

PEACOCK THEME MOOD BOARD

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10.3. FLAT SKETCHES / DESIGN DEVELOPMENT SHEETS

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10.4. COLOR BOARD

10.5. FABRIC BOARD

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10.6. ACCESSORY BOARD

10.7. FINAL PRESENTATION

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FASHION SKETCHES

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