FORMULA SHEET

'' ''
Qconv =q conv =h ¿)
Qconv =q conv =hA ¿)
hL
N u=
k
hL 0.8 1 /3
N u= =0.0308 ℜx . Pr
Nusselt Number k
4/5 1/ 3
Nux =0.0296 ℜ x . Pr

ρVD
Re =
μ
V∞ L
ReL=
Reynold’s Number υ
ρ um D um D
ℜD = =
μ υ

−0.5
Friction coefficient C f =1.328 R eL
2
ρV ∞
Drag force F D =C f A s
2
L x
1 1
Average heat transfer coefficient h L = ∫ hx . dx or h L = ∫ h x .dx
L0 x 0

q̇ conv =ṁ. C p (T m ,o −T m . i)
Q̇= ṁ. C p (T out −T ¿ )
Q̇=U A s ∆ T lm
q=h o A ( T s , o−T m , o )
q=hi A ( T s ,i −T m , i )
''
q =ho ( T s ,o −T m , o )
''
q =hi ( T s , i−T m ,i )

∆T 1−∆ T 2 ∆ T 2−∆ T 1
Log mean temperature difference ∆ T lm= =
ln ( ∆ T 1 /∆ T 2) ln ( ∆ T 2 / ∆T 1 )
1 /2 1/3
Average Nusselt number N u=0.664 ℜx . P r
1/ 2 1/ 3
Local Nusselt number N u=0.332 ℜx . Pr
Newton’s law of cooling q=hA ∆ T
 1 1 1 1 1
= = = + Rw+
UA U c Ac U h A h ( hA )c ( hA )h
Or
1 1 1 1 1
= = =R= + R wall +
U As Ui Ai Uo Ao hi A i ho Ao
For fouling factor
1 1 1 1 Rf ,i Rf ,o 1
Overall Heat transfer coefficient = = =R= + +R + +
U As Ui Ai Uo Ao hi A i A i wall A o ho A o

ln ( Do /Di )
Rw =R wall =
2 πkL

Heat Capacity rate C h=ṁh C ph∧C c =ṁc C pc

Q̇
Effectiveness (ε ¿=
Q max

Maximum temperature difference ∆ T max =T h ,∈ ¿−T c , ∈¿¿ ¿

Capacity ratio

Q̇max =C min ¿

C min
Capacity ratio=c r =c=
C max

UA U A s U As
NTU = = =
Cmin C min ( ṁC p )min