Subject of the Study

Jackfruit peel, once considered mere agricultural waste, has emerged as an

enticing research subject due to its remarkable chemical diversity and potential

applications. Sundarraj et al. (2018) conducted an exhaustive analysis that

illuminated the latent potential of jackfruit peel waste. The study revealed that it

serves as an abundant source of cellulose, hinting at its potential to replace

commercially produced cellulose—a vital component in eco-leather production. The

implications of such a substitution are profound, as it offers a sustainable solution to

reducing the reliance on resource-intensive cellulose extraction processes.

Furthermore, Brahma, R., & Ray, S. (2022) pioneered research comparing the

antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of different parts of the jackfruit, including the

peel, pulp, flake, and seed. Notably, the peel extract exhibited the highest content of

total phenolics and flavonoids. These compounds are prized for their antioxidant

properties, which are invaluable in various applications, including the development of

eco-leather. The peel extract also demonstrated exceptional DPPH and ABTS+

scavenging abilities, indicating its potential as a natural antioxidant for eco-friendly

leather production. Moreover, its remarkable α-glucosidase inhibition highlights its

possible role in mitigating the adverse effects of hyperglycemia, making it a

multifaceted candidate for eco-leather development.

S. K. Saha et al. (2017) further characterized the physicochemical properties

of jackfruit peel, revealing a high cellulose content, which is a fundamental building

block for the development of sustainable materials. This finding implies that jackfruit

peel possesses the raw material needed to craft eco-leather. Additionally, the
presence of pectin, protein, and starch in jackfruit peel enhances its versatility and

underscores its potential to yield a diverse range of eco-friendly materials.

Moreover, S. S. Kadam et al. (2019) discovered that the fiber content of

jackfruit peel waste could be significantly increased through H3PO4 chemical

activation. This process not only enhances its fiber content but also improves its pore

structure and surface chemistry. These modifications are pivotal in tailoring jackfruit

peel for eco-leather production, as they can optimize its physical properties,

including strength and durability.

Conclusively, these studies collectively provide a profound glimpse into the

chemical composition of jackfruit peel and its latent potential for sustainable eco-

leather production. By dissecting the intricacies of jackfruit peel's chemical

constituents, this study aspires to unlock the full spectrum of possibilities and

contribute to the eco-friendly transformation of the leather industry. Through an in-

depth exploration of jackfruit peel's chemical diversity, this research endeavors to

pave the way for a more sustainable and ethically responsible future in materials

science.

Problem:

The contemporary challenge of finding sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives to

conventional plastics and leather has grown increasingly urgent. The conventional

production of these materials is fraught with resource depletion and adverse

environmental impacts, including plastic pollution and deforestation for leather

production. Against this backdrop, jackfruit peel's rich chemical composition, replete

with cellulose, pectin, phenolics, flavonoids, and more, assumes paramount

significance.
 Despite the promising attributes of jackfruit peel's chemical constituents, a

substantial knowledge gap persists regarding the specific compounds within jackfruit

peel that could catalyze the transformation of eco-leather production. While we know

that these constituents hold significant potential, their precise roles, interactions, and

applications in eco-leather production remain unexplored. Therefore, there is a

pressing need to bridge this gap and gain a comprehensive understanding of how

these chemicals can be harnessed effectively to revolutionize the production of

sustainable, eco-friendly leather.

The lack of clarity in this regard hampers progress toward more sustainable

leather production methods and limits the full realization of jackfruit peel's potential

as a valuable resource. To address this issue, this study aims to dissect the intricate

chemical composition of jackfruit peel and pinpoint the compounds that hold the key

to sustainable, eco-friendly leather production. By doing so, it seeks to offer

innovative solutions to the pressing environmental problems associated with

conventional leather and plastics while creating new opportunities for sustainable

materials development.

PROCEDURE:

The research procedure was initiated with a collaborative brainstorming

session among the researchers, during which they explored and evaluated various

potential topics. After careful consideration, the team collectively decided to

investigate jackfruit peel as a promising candidate for eco-leather production,

marking the inception of their research endeavor. Seeking expert guidance, the

researchers engaged in consultations with their teacher, who played a pivotal role in
providing insights and direction for their study, ensuring alignment with academic

standards and research objectives.

The next critical phase involved an extensive review of existing literature

related to jackfruit peel and its chemical composition. This comprehensive literature

review served as the bedrock upon which their research was built, equipping them

with the necessary theoretical foundation and allowing them to identify gaps and

areas for exploration.

Armed with this knowledge, the researchers proceeded to the experimental

phase of their study, which was underpinned by rigorous trial and testing procedures.

This phase encompassed the systematic collection of jackfruit peel samples and the

application of various analytical techniques to assess the peel's cellulose content

and its potential as a source of natural antioxidants. The trials were conducted

meticulously, with precise measurements and controls in place to ensure the

accuracy and reliability of the results.

Following the collection of experimental data, the researchers entered the

data analysis phase. Here, they employed statistical methods and analytical tools to

interpret their findings comprehensively, drawing meaningful conclusions from the

wealth of data acquired. This phase aimed to provide valuable insights into the

chemical composition of jackfruit peel and its suitability for eco-leather production.

Throughout the entirety of the research procedure, the researchers

maintained strict adherence to established research protocols and ethical standards.

Their systematic and systematic approach ensured that their findings were robust

and reliable, contributing significantly to the growing body of knowledge surrounding

leather.

DATA ANALYSIS

The data analysis phase of the research involved a systematic procedure

designed to derive meaningful insights and draw conclusions regarding the

parameters outlined in the research objectives. Each objective, namely, enhancing

durability, enhancing tensile strength, and improving tear resistance, was subjected

to thorough data analysis to evaluate the efficacy of jackfruit peel-based eco-leather

in meeting these criteria.

To begin the data analysis process, the researchers compiled the extensive

data collected during the experimental phase, which included measurements related

to the durability, tensile strength, and tear resistance of the eco-leather samples. The

collected data were organized and categorized according to the specific objectives

they pertained to.

For the first objective, which focused on enhancing durability, the researchers

analyzed the data pertaining to the performance of the eco-leather samples under

various stress and wear conditions. This analysis involved assessing factors such as

wear and tear, degradation, and overall longevity of the material. Statistical methods

were applied to identify patterns and trends in the data, allowing the researchers to

draw conclusions regarding the eco-leather's durability enhancement.

The second objective, centered on enhancing tensile strength, necessitated a

detailed examination of the tensile strength data acquired during the experiments.

The researchers conducted statistical analyses to determine how the eco-leather

involved assessing the material's ability to withstand external stress and load-

bearing, ultimately providing insights into the effectiveness of enhancing tensile

strength.

In the context of the third objective, which aimed to improve tear resistance,

the data analysis procedure focused on evaluating the material's resistance to

tearing and abrasion. The collected data related to tear resistance were subjected to

statistical scrutiny, enabling the researchers to ascertain the extent to which tear

resistance had been improved through their experimental interventions.

Throughout the data analysis process, the researchers paid meticulous

attention to each parameter, ensuring that they provided comprehensive answers to

the objectives they had set out to achieve. By employing statistical methods,

graphical representations, and comparative analyses, the researchers were able to

draw robust conclusions regarding the suitability of jackfruit peel-based eco-leather

as a sustainable alternative to traditional leather materials.

REFERENCES

1. Sundarraj, A., & Antony, A. S. (2018). Physicochemical characterization of

Jackfruit (Artocarpus integer (Thumb.).) Peel. Research Journal of

Pharmaceutical, Biological, and Chemical Sciences, 8(3), 2285-2295.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321170588_Physicochemical_chara

cterization_of_Jackfruit_Artocarpus_integer_Thumb_Peel

2. Zhang, L., Tu, Z. C., Xie, X., Wang, H., Wang, H., Wang, Z. X., ... & Lu, Y.

(2017). Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) peel: A better source of

antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors than pulp, flake, and seed, and
 phytochemical profile by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Food Chemistry, 234, 303-

313. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28551240/

3. Brahma, R., & Ray, S. (2022). In-depth analysis on potential applications of

jackfruit peel waste: A systematic approach. Food Chemistry Advances, 1,

100119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2022.100119