Reading

and

Writing
Prepared By: Ms. Menchi
HOW DO YOU SELECT AND
ORGANIZE INFORMATION?

Lesson 2
Prepared By: Ms. Menchi
BRAINSTORMING LIST

Brainstorming
• Is the act of freely and spontaneously generating
ideas no matter how creative or unrealistic they
may be , in order to contribute to the writing
process.

• The resulting map of ideas is the brainstorming list

from which the writer should be able to narrow
down which ideas would work best and develop
further.
 STEPS TO DEVELOP
BRAINSTORMING LIST
1. Begin with a topic or thesis statement, which will serve as
the main idea for one's essay or paper.
2. Generate ideas based on that main idea, and list them
down.
3. When brainstorming individually, a writer is advised to
freewrite, which is the act of letting one's thoughts flow
out as they will.
 STEPS TO DEVELOP
BRAINSTORMING LIST
4. When brainstorming with a group, each member should
similarly be advised to refrain from evaluating each others'
ideas while in the process of generating them.
5. Evaluate the resulting list of ideas only after thoroughly
exploring and checking which of them are relevantly related
to the main topic and could be developed further.
 STEPS TO DEVELOP
BRAINSTORMING LIST
Possible Topic : Cyberbullying
foul language violence
name calling
* shaming
*
censorship
*
power
*
opinions depression
arguments threats ego and insecurity
*
 STEPS TO DEVELOP
BRAINSTORMING LIST
Topic: Should parents choose the course or career for their children, or
should their children make the choice themselves?
Thesis Statement: Children, not their parents, should choose their course
or career.

✓They know themselves best.

✓They know their strengths and weaknesses.
✓They will be more willing to learn if they are doing what they want to
do.
✓They are more likely to succeed if they pursue their dream.
 STRATEGIES IN USING
BRAINSTORMING LIST
1. CUBING
• It is an idea examined from distinct viewpoints:

DESCRIBE COMPARE ASSOCIATE

ANALYZE APPLY ARGUE FOR
AND AGAINST
 STRATEGIES IN USING
BRAINSTORMING LIST
2. FREEWRITING
In this technique, just keep on writing and not
minding errors in spelling and grammar. The
objective here is to just write what comes to your
mind. Have a quantitative goal like coming up with
500 words or more.
 STRATEGIES IN USING
BRAINSTORMING LIST
3. LISTING
List down what comes to your mind. If your
intention is to come up with topic to write about,
enumerate them.
 STRATEGIES IN USING
BRAINSTORMING LIST
4. MAPPING
Mapping, also known as clustering and webbing, is
a graphic form of listing that simply involves jotting
down ideas on a large writing surface and then
making connections by associating similarly themed
ideas with color-coded circles or underlines of
distinct patterns and then indicating other
relationships by linking with lines.
USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS

GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
• Are communication tools used to visually
organize information and indicate house selected
ideas relate to others

• Transforming information into visual

presentation.
• Colors, shapes and arrows.
USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
MIND MAP
• A mind map is the simplest graphic organizer to
develop, and it shares some similarities to the
brainstorming list.

VENN DIAGRAM
• A Venn diagram is used to compare and contrast
at least two different things by highlighting their
similarities and differences in relation to each.
USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
FLOW CHART
• A flowchart is more systematic in nature because
this graphic organizer is used in depicting the
steps involved in a process , a system , or an
algorithm.

HIERARCHICAL TOPICAL ORGANIZER

• A hierarchical topical organizer shows the order
of ideas and their place in a hierarchy.
USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
PERSUASION MAP
• used to map out arguments and evidence that
prove a viewpoint. This map is especially useful
when processing persuasive or argumentative
texts.

SPIDER MAP
• this is used to investigate and enumerate various
aspects of a central idea, which could be a
concept, topic, or theme.
Reading
and

Writing
Prepared By: Ms. Menchi
 Plants
Plants are important to all people and animals. Without them, we would have
nothing to eat. Farmers raise crops by spraying fertilizers. Most farmers now
put chemicals on the plants they grow. They use fertilizers, pesticides and
herbicides on the plants grown commercially.

Fertilizers are chemicals that provide the nutrients that plants need to make
their own food. Pesticides are chemicals that repel or kill insects that harm
the plants. Herbicides are chemicals that kill the weeds that grow with the
plants. I. What is the first paragraph all about?
A. How do farmers now raise their crops?
B. What do they put on their plants?
I. What is the second paragraph all about?
A. What effects do the chemicals have on plants?
Nilo, my friend went to the province with his parents last week. They visited
his grandmother. He went around the farm with his grandmother. She showed
him the duck and chicken poultry. He observed and played with them.

He continued to go around and came to a vegetable garden. He admired the

big squash, patola and ampalaya. He picked some and grandmother cooked
these for lunch. Nilo enjoyed his stay on the farm.
I. ____________________________________
A. __________________________________
B. __________________________________
C. __________________________________
II. _____________________________________
A. ___________________________________
B. __________________________________
C. __________________________________
OUTLINE
 WRITING OUTLINES

OUTLINE
• Is a sequential list of all the ideas that would be discussed
and mentioned in the finished text, all grouped according to
a hierarchical order.
To develop an outline, the writer must:

• Identify the thesis statement or problem statement, as well as

the main points of discussion and their supporting ideas.

• Arrange the topics in hierarchical order:

I. Main points of discussion
A. Supporting Details

• Label each of the main points and their supporting ideas in

logical and numerical order (e.g., Roman numerals, capital
letters, lowercase letters)
What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT

Not a Title
TITLE: NOT A THESIS THESIS STATEMENT
Home and Schools Parents ought to participate more in the education of
their children.
James Cagney: Hollywood Great James Cagney was one of the greatest actors ever to
appear in movies.
Inflation and Old Age Continuing inflation makes it almost impossible to plan
intelligently for one's retirement.
A Shattering Experience My first visit to the zoo was a shattering experience.

The Fad of Divorce Too many people get divorced for trivial reasons.
 What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT

Not an Announcement of the Subject

ANNOUNCEMENT: NOT A THESIS THESIS STATEMENT
My subject is the incompetence of Professor X. Professor X is an incompetent teacher.
I want to share some thoughts with you about our space Our space program is a waste of money.
program.
The many unforeseen problems I encountered when I I encountered many unforeseen problems when I went
went camping are the topic of this theme. camping.
This paper will attempt to tell you something about the The Grand Canyon was even more magnificent that I had
emotions I felt on viewing the Grand Canyon. imagined.
The thesis of this paper is the difficulty of solving our Solving our environmental problems is more difficult than
environmental problems. many environmentalists believe.
What a THESIS STATEMENT is NOT

Not a Statement of Absolute Fact

FACT: NOT A THESIS

• Jane Austin is the author if Pride and Prejudice.
• The capitol of California is Sacramento.
• Suicide is the deliberate taking of one's own life.
• President Lincoln's first name was Abraham.
• The planet closest to the sun is Mercury.
 A GOOD THESIS STATEMENT is:

A good thesis is specific.

POOR BETTER
Hemingway's war stories are very good. Hemingway's war stories helped create a new
prose style.
Drug addiction is a big problem. Drug addiction has caused a dramatic increase in
crimes of violence.
Our vacation was a tremendous experience. Our vacation enabled us to learn the true meaning
of sharing.
My parents are wonderful people. Everything my parents do is based on their loving
concern for the welfare of the family.
 A GOOD THESIS STATEMENT is:

A strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand.

There are some negative and positive aspects to the Banana Herb
Tea Supplement.

Because Banana Herb Tea Supplement promotes rapid weight loss

that results in the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it poses a
potential danger to customers.
 A GOOD THESIS STATEMENT is:

A strong thesis answers a HOW or WHY question

about your topic through specific language.
To develop an outline, the writer must:

• Identify the thesis statement or problem statement, as well as

the main points of discussion and their supporting ideas.

• Arrange the topics in hierarchical order:

I. Main points of discussion
A. Supporting Details

• Label each of the main points and their supporting ideas in

logical and numerical order (e.g., Roman numerals, capital
letters, lowercase letters)
 WRITING OUTLINES
TWO TYPES OF OUTLINE:
TOPIC OUTLINE
• Is a list of the topics represented by keywords and/or key
phrases.

• These topics are grouped into headings, each with their own
subheadings listed under them, which in turn, have their
own sub-sub headings optionally listed under them.
A Sample of a Topic Outline
I. Introduction
A. Definition
B. Description
II. Body
A. Main Topic
1. Analysis
2. Comparison
a. keypoints
b. keypoints
II. Conclusion
Topic: Filipino Hospitality
Thesis statement: Filipino hospitality is a distinct and positive Filipino trait.
Writer’s specific purpose: To inform readers about Filipino hospitality and to enumerate
the ways on how Filipinos show their hospitality
I. Definition of Filipino hospitality

A. The beginning of Filipino hospitality

B. How Filipinos learned hospitality
II. Filipino practices that show hospitality

A. How Filipinos accept guests at home

B. How Filipinos accept foreigners

III. Positive implications of Filipino hospitality on our society

A. On our culture
B. On our economy
 WRITING OUTLINES

SENTENCE OUTLINE
• Fleshes out these topics further by expressing them in
complete sentence and declarative sentences, while
supporting statements are listed under these main points.
 A Sample of a Sentence Outline
I. Introduction to writing a Sentence Outline
A. Defining Sentence Outline
B. Comparing between a Sentence Outline and a Topic Outline
1. Advantages of using a Sentence Outline in organizing
information
II. Describing a Sentence Outline
A. Parts of a Sentence Outline
1. Writing parts of the outline
2. Revising the main parts of the outline
III. Conclusion
Topic: Filipino Hospitality
Thesis statement: Filipino hospitality is a distinct and positive Filipino trait.
Writer’s specific purpose: To inform readers about Filipino hospitality and enumerate the ways on how
Filipinos show their hospitality
I. Filipino hospitality is the warm and welcoming treatment of visitors, particularly foreigners.

A. Prior to the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, the natives already exhibited hospitality when they
welcomed the Malays to the country.

B. Being warm and welcoming to visitors might have been cultivated by the fact that different nationalities
visited and even occupied the country, such as the Chinese, Indonesians, Spanish, Japanese, and Americans.

II. Filipinos show hospitality in several ways.

A. Filipinos accept guests at home as if they were part of their own family, serving them food and making
them feel at home.

B. Filipinos show hospitality to foreigners by extending their assistance when needed and even welcoming
them into their own homes.

III. Filipino hospitality is a positive trait and the implications to our society, in general, are regarded as positive.

A. Being hospitable shows that the Philippines is a peace-loving nation.

B. Being hospitable encourages foreigners to visit and invest in our country.