Instructional Materials

Development for Edukasyon

sa Pagpapakatao
Hazel M. Bautista, LPT
Instructor 1
Teaching Aids and Instructional Materials

▪From a 21st-century, post-pandemic, and post-

chatGPT point of view, teaching aids and instructional
materials can be considered as “learning and teaching
resources” for a hybrid online-offline educational
setting powered by humans and technology.
▪They are now mostly screens and computers
connected via the internet (teaching aids) and
educational media (instructional materials).
Teaching Aids (Tas)
▪ Teaching aids are objects (such as a book, picture, or map) or devices (such as a
whiteboard or computer) used by a teacher to enhance or enliven classroom
instruction (Merriam-Webster).
▪ They could be audiovisual teaching aids such as videos and guest lectures or
tactile like 3D models.
▪ Broadly speaking, any device, method, or system that helps to teach can be called
a teaching aid.
▪ These devices can be traditional items such as blackboards and flannel boards, as
well as electronic devices such as tablets and projectors.
▪ Scientific tools such as telescopes and microscopes could also be used as teaching
aids in a given context. Two overarching common factors between most teaching
aids are: mediums that promote sensory engagement and stimulation.
Examples based on classification systems:
CLASSIFICATION 1
1) Non-electronic – Chalkboards, flip boards, slates, print
photos & media, telescopes

2) Electronic/digital – Computers, mobiles, clicker devices,

internet-powered apps, PowerPoint slideshows,
Augmented reality/Virtual reality goggles, AV-room
equipment, music/art-based content delivery
Examples based on classification systems:
CLASSIFICATION 2
1) Auditory: Radios, tape recorders, CD players (now redundant)
2) Visual: Slides, projectors, digital screens (now mostly digital screens only)
3) Audiovisual: Youtube, Vines (yes, they are helpful), Ted Talks, Live stream apps, documentary
repositories, Instagram guides/stories, reels, and TikTok
4) Audiovisual and tactile: 3D models, field visits, toys, lab apparatus, plant/animal/rock
specimens
5) Collaborative/Social: Online classrooms, forums, Facebook pages, Quora spaces, subreddits,
special interest group discussions, virtual meetups, study and support groups, websites that
allow collaboration, score/progress tracking websites, feedback websites, artificial intelligence
as a collaboration tool
6) Internet and Communication Technology tools: Software infrastructure that provides
analytics, organization of material, note-taking apps, productivity apps, repository of lessons in
an app, content management systems, chatGPT, and other artificial intelligence systems
Instructional Materials (IMs)
▪ Instructional materials are defined as resources that organize and support
instruction, such as textbooks, tasks, and supplementary resources
(adapted from Remillard & Heck, 2014).

▪ It refers to the human and non-human materials and facilities that can be
used to ease, encourage, improve and promote teaching and learning
activities.

▪ They are whatever materials used in the process of instruction.

▪ The great Soviet encyclopedia defines IMs as educational resources used to
improve students’ knowledge, abilities, and skills, to monitor their
assimilation of information, and to contribute to their overall development
and upbringing.
Instructional Materials (IMs)
• Instructional materials are those items that assist and describe
the information aspect of teaching. These could take the form of
textbooks, worksheets, 3D models, charts, infographics, etc.
• Instructional materials also include assessment and testing
methods. Basically, any material, any information containing
resources, that the teacher uses while instructing. Now testing
materials don’t necessarily contain information, but they help
the retention and learning of information; thus, they are
instructional materials. Sometimes, they are a means to an end,
the end being the assimilation of information.
Examples based on classifications.
1) Traditional resources: lectures, talks, writings, project rubrics, guidelines,
textbook primers, reference books, extra-readings, teacher and student-created
summaries, workbooks, supplementary material such as flashcards and charts
2) Digital media: Explainer videos, photos, presentations, infographics, talking-
head videos, audio summaries, podcasts
3) Open resources: Expert blogs, open-source journals, public databases, open
courseware, forum discussions, memes
4) Testing resources: Standardized tests, classroom assignments, online
submissions, quizzes, essays, collaborative projects
5) Artificial intelligence (large language models): Artificial intelligence, like
chatGPT, a large language model, is trained on vast amounts of collective
human knowledge. It has a conversational, troubleshooting, and explanatory
approach to information delivery. Technically, students can use AI systems as a
teacher to supplement human teachers.
What are the different
types of
Teaching/Learning
Materials?
1. Writing Prompts

▪ When you’re teaching children how to write it’s

important to do a certain amount of modelling to show
them how to construct a text.

▪ A writing prompt can take a variety of forms. You could

give the children sentence stems to help them start off
their sentences. Before the children begin writing, get
them to speak the sentence first using the sentence
stem.
2. Flashcards

▪ Flashcards are a versatile type of Teaching/Learning

Material which can be quick to prepare and used in a
variety of engaging ways.

▪ They’re helpful for both learning new information and

recalling prior learning for every subject on the
curriculum!
3. Manipulatives

▪ Manipulatives are physical objects brought in to

support a pupil’s learning.

▪ For your more kinaesthetic learners, manipulatives can

be a great way to hold their focus and keep them
engaged in the learning process.
4. Modelling Clay

▪ As a Teaching/Learning Material, modelling clay is

another handy resource for kinaesthetic learning.

▪ It could be used to shape letters of the alphabet or

numbers. Children could also create characters out of
it for storytelling. It can of course be used in an art and
design context as well!
5. Visual Aids

▪ Visual aids can be everywhere in your classroom.

▪ From class displays and informative posters to chart and

graphic organizers, visual aids can be a helpful tool for many
children.

▪ For visual learners and children who need extra-support with

their personal organization, visual aids can be especially
helpful for reminding them of key learning, routines or
information.
6. Story Books

▪ Reading fiction aloud can be a powerful learning experience

when children are actively engaged in the story. There are
many benefits to reading and all it requires is a good book.
Reading can have educational benefits because it:
1) aids sleep and reduces stress.
2) increases vocabulary and comprehension.
3) stimulates imagination and understanding.
4) develops listening skills.
5) encourages empathy with others.
7. Videos

▪ Video has become an increasingly popular form

of Teaching/Learning Material.

▪ Used in the right way, it can be a really powerful educational

tool.

▪ The key to using video clips for learning is to ensure that the
children have something active to do in response to it, whether
that’s recording new information or following step-by-step
instructions.
8. Games

▪ As a classroom teacher or parent, some of the greatest

satisfaction comes when children are learning without
realizing it!

▪ Games can be a superb way of encouraging positive

social skills as well, including teamwork, sharing, turn-
taking, and being a good winner and a good loser.
9. Apps

▪ If you have access to computers or tablets, software and apps

are another fantastic resource for Teaching/Learning Materials.
Apps offer fantastic opportunities for interactive and engaging
learning.

▪ However, with so many types on offer, it can be challenging to

find one suitable for your young learners. Thankfully, we’ve
developed a range of educational apps for both teachers and
learners. Our apps are teacher-led, and developed by teams of
passionate and skilled software developers.
Other Instructional
Materials
1. Assignment Files

▪Is an assessment tool that allows the teacher to

specify a task that requires students to prepare
digital content and submit it by uploading it to
the server
2. Rubrics

▪A rubrics is typically an evaluation tool or set of

guidelines used to promote the consistent application
of learning expectations, learning objectives, or
learning standards in the classroom, or to measure
their attainment against a consistent set of criteria
3. Handouts

▪A paper based resource used to support teaching and

learning which can free students from excessive note-
taking or supplement information not easily available
elsewhere.
4. Podcasts

▪Podcast is a digital audio file made available on the

Internet for downloading to a computer or mobile
device, typically available as a series, new
installments of which can be received by subscribers
automatically.
5. Course Introduction Video

▪An introduction video is a short designed

process video which makes a connection with
the students and the teacher.
6. Expert Interviews

▪An expert interview is when the interviewee is

an expert in his or her area of study. This type of
interview can be one-on-one, or held by a large
group. It can be formal or informal and held
over the telephone, by email, or in person.
 THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!
Resources;
Teaching aids and Instructional materials: tools for teachers and students - Cognition Today
Instructional Materials | Teaching/Learning Materials Definition (twinkl.com.ph)
Instructional Materials 1 - EDUKASYON SA PAGPAPAKATAO (weebly.com)