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Introduction to SQL
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SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.
What is SQL?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language
SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987
What Can SQL do?
SQL can execute queries against a database
SQL can retrieve data from a database
SQL can insert records in a database
SQL can update records in a database
SQL can delete records from a database
SQL can create new databases
SQL can create new tables in a database
SQL can create stored procedures in a database
SQL can create views in a database
SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
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However, to be compliant with the ANSI standard, they all support at least the major commands (such
as SELECT , UPDATE , DELETE , INSERT , WHERE ) in a similar manner.
Note: Most of the SQL database programs also have their own proprietary extensions in addition to
the SQL standard!
Using SQL in Your Web Site
To build a web site that shows data from a database, you will need:
An RDBMS database program (i.e. MS Access, SQL Server, MySQL)
To use a server-side scripting language, like PHP or ASP
To use SQL to get the data you want
To use HTML / CSS to style the page
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RDBMS
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems such as MS SQL Server, IBM DB2,
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entries and it consists of columns and rows.
Look at the "Customers" table:
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SELECT * FROM Customers;
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Every table is broken up into smaller entities called fields. The fields in the Customers table consist of
CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode and Country. A field is a
column in a table that is designed to maintain specific information about every record in the table.
A record, also called a row, is each individual entry that exists in a table. For example, there are 91
records in the above Customers table. A record is a horizontal entity in a table.
A column is a vertical entity in a table that contains all information associated with a specific field in a
table.
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