10/8/23, 7:25 PM Python Lab.

ipynb - Colaboratory

Loops

from numpy import *

print(arange(1,11))
sum = 0
for i in arange(1,11):
sum = sum+i
print(sum)
print(sum)

[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]
1
3
6
10
15
21
28
36
45
55
55

from numpy import *

arange(1,11)
for i in (arange(1,11)):
print(2,'X',i ,'=', 2*i)

2 X 1 = 2
2 X 2 = 4
2 X 3 = 6
2 X 4 = 8
2 X 5 = 10
2 X 6 = 12
2 X 7 = 14
2 X 8 = 16
2 X 9 = 18
2 X 10 = 20

from numpy import *

a = int(input("Enter the number : "))
i=1
while i<=10:
print(a,'x',i,'=',a*i)
i = i+1

Enter the number : 10

10 x 1 = 10
10 x 2 = 20
10 x 3 = 30
10 x 4 = 40
10 x 5 = 50
10 x 6 = 60
10 x 7 = 70
10 x 8 = 80
10 x 9 = 90
10 x 10 = 100

Program to check whether the given integer is divisible by 3

n = int(input("Enter the number: "))

if n%3 == 0:
print("The given number is divisible by 3")
else:
print("n is not divisible by 3")

Enter the number: 27

The given number is divisible by 3

Given m,x and n. Write a program to check wether x lies between m and n

m,n,x = input("Enter the value of m n and x: ").split()

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if m<x<n:
print("X lies between m and n")
else:
print("X doesnot lie between m and n")

Enter the value of m n and x: 19 27 30

X doesnot lie between m and n

Given two numbers m and n. Write a program to print "HI" either m or n greater than 5
else print "Bye"

m = float(input("Enter the value of m: "))

n = float(input("Enter the value of n: "))
if m>5 or n>5:
print("Hi")
else:
print("Bye")

Enter the value of m: 33

Enter the value of n: 55
Hi

Create a function to find sum of two numbers and product of two numbers

def add(x,y):
z=x+y
print(z)

def mul(u,v):
w=u*v
print(w)

import numpy
print(dir(numpy))
import math
print(dir(math))

['ALLOW_THREADS', 'AxisError', 'BUFSIZE', 'CLIP', 'ComplexWarning', 'DataSource', 'ERR_CALL', 'ERR_DEFAULT', 'ERR_IGNORE', 'ERR_LOG
['__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil'

By importing math module find the value of sin (90)

from math import *

print(sin(pi/4))

0.7071067811865475

from math import *

print(cos(pi))

-1.0

Find the value of f(x) =

import sympy as sp
x = sp.symbols(x)
f= x**2+x-2
print(f.subs(x,5))

28

import sympy as sp
x,y = sp.symbols('x y')
f= x**2+y**2-(2*x*y)
print(f.subs(x,1).subs(y,-1))

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Plot the function f(x) = sin(x) and f(x) = cos(x) in the interval (-10,10)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=np.linspace(-10,10,500)
f1=np.sin(x)
f2 =np.cos(x)
plt.plot(x,f1)
plt.plot(x,f2)

[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x78b22cc107f0>]

Plot the function y = x2 and y = x1/2 in the interval (-10,10)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=np.linspace(0,1.2,500)
y1=x**2
y2=x**(1/2)
plt.plot(x,y1,linestyle='--')
plt.plot(x,y2,linestyle='--')
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=np.linspace(0,1,500)
y1=x**2
y2=x**(1/2)
plt.plot(x,y1,linestyle='--')
plt.plot(x,y2,linestyle='--')
plt.show()

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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=np.linspace(0,0.5,500)
y1=x**2
y2=x**(1/2)
plt.plot(x,y1,linestyle='--')
plt.plot(x,y2,linestyle='--')
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=np.linspace(0,1.2,500)
y1=x**2
y2=x**(1/2)
plt.plot(x,y1,color='r',linestyle='--',label='y1=x**2')
plt.plot(x,y2,color='m',linestyle='-.',label='y1=x**(1/2)')
plt.legend()
plt.title('Plots of y=x^2 and y=x^1/2')
plt.xlabel('x axis')
plt.ylabel('y axis')
plt.fill_between(x,y1,y2,color='g')
plt.grid()
plt.show()

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10/8/23, 7:25 PM Python Lab.ipynb - Colaboratory

Differentation and Integration

1.Find the derivative of the following

from sympy import *

x = symbols('x')
y = sin(x)
dy=diff(y)
print('Derivative of',y,'is',dy)

Derivative of sin(x) is cos(x)

from sympy import *

x = symbols('x')
y = cos(x)
dy= diff(y)
print("Derivative of",y,"is",dy)

Derivative of cos(x) is -sin(x)

from sympy import*

x = symbols('x')
y = tan(x)
dy = diff(y)
print("Derivative of",y,"is",dy)

Derivative of tan(x) is tan(x)**2 + 1

from sympy import*

x,y = symbols('x y')
f = sin((2*x)+(3*y))
dfx = diff(f,x)
print("Derivative of",f,"w.r.t",x,"is",dfx)
dfy = diff(f,y)
print("Derivative of",f,"w.r.t",y,"is",dfy)

Derivative of sin(2*x + 3*y) w.r.t x is 2*cos(2*x + 3*y)

Derivative of sin(2*x + 3*y) w.r.t y is 3*cos(2*x + 3*y)

from sympy import*

x,y = symbols('x y')
f = sin((2*x)+(3*y))
dfxx = diff(f,x,2)
print(" Partial Derivative of",f,"w.r.t",x,"is",dfxx)
dfyy = diff(f,y,2)
print("Partial Derivative of",f,"w.r.t",y,"is",dfyy)
dfxy = diff(diff(f,x),y)
print("Partial Derivative of",f,"w.r.t", x and y,"is",dfxy)

Partial Derivative of sin(2*x + 3*y) w.r.t x is -4*sin(2*x + 3*y)

Partial Derivative of sin(2*x + 3*y) w.r.t y is -9*sin(2*x + 3*y)
Partial Derivative of sin(2*x + 3*y) w.r.t y is -6*sin(2*x + 3*y)

At (pi/4,0)

from sympy import*

x,y = symbols('x y')
f = sin((2*x)+(3*y))
dfxx = diff(f,x,2)
d1 = dfxx.subs({x:pi/4,y:0})

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print(" Partial Derivative of",f,"w.r.t",x,"at point (pi/4,0)is",d1)
dfyy = diff(f,y,2)
d2 = dfyy.subs({x:pi/4,y:0})
print("Partial Derivative of",f,"w.r.t",y,"at point (pi/4,0)is",d2)
dfxy = diff(diff(f,x),y)
d3 = dfxy.subs({x:pi/4,y:0})
print("Partial Derivative of",f,"w.r.t", x and y,"is",d3)

Partial Derivative of sin(2*x + 3*y) w.r.t x at point (pi/4,0)is -4

Partial Derivative of sin(2*x + 3*y) w.r.t y at point (pi/4,0)is -9
Partial Derivative of sin(2*x + 3*y) w.r.t y is -6

Find the integration of the following functions

1. f = cosx

2. f = logx

3. f = x
3

4. f = 1/1 + x
2

from sympy import *

x = symbols('x')
f1 = cos(x)
intf1=integrate(f1,x)
print("Integration of",f1,"is",intf)

Integration of cos(x) is sin(x)

from sympy import *

x = symbols('x')
f2 = log(x)
intf2=integrate(f2,x)
print("Integration of",f2,"is",intf2)

Integration of log(x) is x*log(x) - x

from sympy import *

x = symbols('x')
f3 = x**3
intf3=integrate(f3,x)
print("Integration of",f3,"is",intf3)

Integration of x**3 is x**4/4

π/2
Evaluate ∫0 cos xdx

from sympy import *

x = symbols('x')
f4 = cos(x)
intf4=integrate(f4,(x,0,pi/2))
print("Integration of",f4,"is",intf4)

Integration of cos(x) is 1

2 1
Evaluate ∫0 ∫
0
xydxdy

from sympy import*

x,y = symbols('x y')
f5=x*y
intf5=integrate(f5,(x,0,1),(y,0,2))
print(intf5)

Laplace and inverse Laplace Transforms

Find the laplace transform of the following function

1. f (t) = e
(2t)

2. f (t) = sint

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3. f (t) = t
(3)
+ e
(−1)
+ cost

from sympy import *

t,s = symbols('t s')
f= exp(2*t)
LT = laplace_transform(f,t,s)
print(LT)

(1/(s - 2), 2, True)

from sympy import *

t,s = symbols('t s')
f= sin(a*t)
LT = laplace_transform(f,t,s)
print(LT)

(a/(a**2 + s**2), 0, True)

from sympy import *

t,s = symbols('t s')
f= t**3+exp(-1)+cos(t)
LT = laplace_transform(f,t,s)
display(LT)

(s/(s**2 + 1) + exp(-1)/s + 6/s**4, 0, True)

Find the inverse laplace transform of

1. F (s) =
s−1
4

2. F (s) =
2
1

(s −1)(s+1)

3. F (s) =
s−1
1
+
4
2
s

from sympy import *

from sympy.integrals import inverse_laplace_transform
s,t = symbols('s t',positive=true)
F = (4)/(s-1)
ILT=inverse_laplace_transform(F,s,t)
print(ILT)

4*exp(t)

from sympy import *

from sympy.integrals import inverse_laplace_transform
s,t = symbols('s t',positive=true)
F=1/((s**2-1)*(s+1))
x=inverse_laplace_transform(F,s,t)
print(x)

(-2*t + exp(2*t) - 1)*exp(-t)/4

from sympy import *

from sympy.integrals import inverse_laplace_transform
s,t = symbols('s t',positive=true)
F=(1/(s-1))+(4/(s+1))
x=inverse_laplace_transform(F,s,t)
print(x)

exp(t) + 4*exp(-t)

from sympy import *

M = Matrix([[1,2,3,4],[0,2,4,5],[0,0,5,6]])
display(M)

⎡1 2 3 4⎤
0 2 4 5
⎣0 6⎦
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

0 5

from sympy import *

M = Matrix([[1,2,3,4],[0,2,4,5],[0,0,5,6]])
display(M)
[m,n]= shape(M)
print('Size of the matrix M is',m,'X',n)

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⎡1 2 3 4⎤
0 2 4 5
⎣0 6⎦
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

0 5
Size of
from sympy the matrix
import * M is 3 X 4
M = Matrix([[1,2,3],[2,4,5],[0,5,6]])
display(M)
[m,n]= shape(M)
print('Size of the matrix M is',m,'X',n,'\n')
B=M.rref( )
print('Row reduced Echelon form of M is\n\n')
pprint(B)
display('Rank of the matrix M is',M.rank())
print('|M|=',det(M))
print('Trace of M is',trace(M))
print('Inverse if M is\n')
display(M.inv())

⎡1 2 3⎤
2 4 5
⎣0 6⎦
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

5
Size of the matrix M is 3 X 3

Row reduced Echelon form of M is

⎛⎡1 0 0⎤ ⎞
⎜⎢ ⎥ ⎟
⎜⎢0 1 0⎥, (0, 1, 2)⎟
⎜⎢ ⎥ ⎟
⎝⎣0 0 1⎦ ⎠
'Rank of the matrix M is'
3
|M|= 5
Trace of M is 11
Inverse if M is

⎡ −5 − 25 ⎤
1 3
5
​ ​ ​

− 12 6 1
⎣ 2 0 ⎦
5 5 5
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

−1

from sympy import *

M = Matrix([[1,2,3],[2,4,5],[4,8,11]])
print('Find the inverse of the matrix')
display(M)
print('Inverse of the matris is')
display(M.inv())

Find the inverse of the matrix

⎡1 2 3⎤
2 4 5
⎣4 11⎦
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

8
Inverse of the matris is
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NonInvertibleMatrixError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-47-0c8cc85fb958> in <cell line: 6>()
4 display(M)
5 print('Inverse of the matris is')
----> 6 display(M.inv())

3 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/sympy/matrices/inverse.py in _inv_GE(M, iszerofunc)
243
244 if any(iszerofunc(red[j, j]) for j in range(red.rows)):
--> 245 raise NonInvertibleMatrixError("Matrix det == 0; not invertible.")
246
247 return M._new(red[:, big.rows:])

NonInvertibleMatrixError: Matrix det == 0; not invertible.

SEARCH STACK OVERFLOW

from sympy import *

M = Matrix([[1,2,3],[2,4,5],[4,8,11]])
print('Extract [1,2] from the matrix')
display(M)
display(M[0,0:2])
display(M[1:,2])
display(M[0,0:])
display(M[1,0:])
display(M[2,0:])
display(M[0:,0])

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10/8/23, 7:25 PM Python Lab.ipynb - Colaboratory
display(M[0:1:2,2])
display(M[1:,0:2])

Extract [1,2] from the matrix

⎡1 2 3⎤
2 4 5
⎣4 8 11⎦
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

[1 2] ​ ​

5
[ ]
11
​

[1 2 ​ ​ 3] ​

[2 4 ​ ​ 5] ​

[4 8 11]
⎡1⎤
​ ​ ​

2
⎣4⎦
​ ​ ​

[3] ​

2 4
[ ]
4 8
​ ​

Consider the matrix

2 1 0
⎡ ⎤
A = ⎢1 2 0⎥
⎣ ⎦
0 0 1

Then find

1.Inverse of A

2.Eigen values and eigen vectors of a

from sympy import *

m=Matrix([[2,1,0],[1,2,0],[0,0,1]])
display(m)
print("Inverse of matrix M is:")
im=m.inv()
display(im)
eval=m.eigenvals()
print("The eigen values of the matrix are\n")
display(eval)
evects=m.eigenvects()
print("The eigen vectors of the matrix are\n\n")
pprint(evects)

⎡2 1 0⎤
1 2 0
⎣0 1⎦
​ ​ ​ ​ ​

0
Inverse of matrix M is:
⎡ 0⎤
2
3
​
− 13 ​

− 13 2
0
⎣ 0 1⎦
3
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

0
The eigen values of the matrix are

{3: 1, 1: 2}
The eigen vectors of the matrix are

⎡⎛ ⎡⎡-1⎤ ⎡0⎤⎤⎞ ⎛ ⎡⎡1⎤⎤⎞⎤

⎢⎜ ⎢⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎥⎟ ⎜ ⎢⎢ ⎥⎥⎟⎥
⎢⎜1, 2, ⎢⎢1 ⎥, ⎢0⎥⎥⎟, ⎜3, 1, ⎢⎢1⎥⎥⎟⎥
⎢⎜ ⎢⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎥⎟ ⎜ ⎢⎢ ⎥⎥⎟⎥
⎣⎝ ⎣⎣0 ⎦ ⎣1⎦⎦⎠ ⎝ ⎣⎣0⎦⎦⎠⎦

from sympy import *

m=Matrix([[2,3,0,0],[2,3,0,0],[0,0,2,3],[0,0,2,3]])
display(m)
a=m.eigenvals()
print("The eigen values of the matrix are\n")
display(a)
b=m.eigenvects()
print("The eigen vectors of the matrix are\n\n")
pprint(b)

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⎡2 3 0 0⎤
2 3 0 0
0 0 2 3
⎣0 3⎦
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

0 2
The eigen values of the matrix are

{5: 2, 0: 2}
The eigen vectors of the matrix are

⎡⎛ ⎡⎡-3/2⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤⎤⎞ ⎛ ⎡⎡1⎤ ⎡0⎤⎤⎞⎤

⎢⎜ ⎢⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎥⎟ ⎜ ⎢⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎥⎟⎥
from sympy
⎢⎜ import
⎢⎢ 1 *⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥⎥⎟ ⎜ ⎢⎢1⎥ ⎢0⎥⎥⎟⎥
m=Matrix([[2,3],[1,2]])
⎢⎜0, 2, ⎢⎢ ⎥, ⎢ ⎥⎥⎟, ⎜5, 2, ⎢⎢ ⎥, ⎢ ⎥⎥⎟⎥
display(m)
⎢⎜ ⎢⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢-3/2⎥⎥⎟ ⎜ ⎢⎢0⎥ ⎢1⎥⎥⎟⎥
⎢⎜
print("Inverse⎢⎢ of matrix
⎥ ⎢ M⎥⎥⎟ ⎜
is:") ⎢⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎥⎟⎥
⎣⎝
im=m.inv() ⎣⎣ 0 ⎦ ⎣ 1 ⎦⎦⎠ ⎝ ⎣⎣0⎦ ⎣1⎦⎦⎠⎦
display(im)
eval=m.eigenvals()
print("The eigen values of the matrix are\n")
display(eval)
evects=m.eigenvects()
print("The eigen vectors of the matrix are\n\n")
pprint(evects)

2 3
[ ]
1 2
​ ​

Inverse of matrix M is:

2 −3
[ ]
−1 2
​ ​

The eigen values of the matrix are

{2 - sqrt(3): 1, sqrt(3) + 2: 1}
The eigen vectors of the matrix are

⎡⎛ ⎡⎡-√3⎤⎤⎞ ⎛ ⎡⎡√3⎤⎤⎞⎤
⎢⎜2 - √3, 1, ⎢⎢ ⎥⎥⎟, ⎜√3 + 2, 1, ⎢⎢ ⎥⎥⎟⎥
⎣⎝ ⎣⎣ 1 ⎦⎦⎠ ⎝ ⎣⎣1 ⎦⎦⎠⎦

Solve the system of equations

x + y − 2z = 1

x + y + 4z = 1

2x + 2y + 8z = 2

from sympy import solve

from sympy.abc import x, y, z
equations = [x +y-2*z-1,x+y+4*z-1,2*x+2*y+8*z-2]
sol=solve(equations,x,y,z)
display(sol)

{x: 1 - y, z: 0}

By Gauss Siedel method

x=0;y=0;z=0
for i in range(1,20):
x=1-y+2*z
y=1-x-4*z
z=(2-2*y-2*x)/8
display(x,y,z)

1.0
0.0
0.0

from sympy import solve

from sympy.abc import x, y, z
equations = [x +2*y+z-1,2*x+y-z-2,x-3*y+z-4]
sol=solve(equations,x,y,z)
display(sol)

{x: 8/5, y: -3/5, z: 3/5}

Newton's Forward Interpolation

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from numpy import *
x = [1,2,3,4,5]
y = [10,20,30,50,80]
m=float(input('enter the value of x: '))
n=len(x)-1
h=x[1]-x[0]
sum = y[-1]
t = (m-x[-1])/h
prod = 1
for i in range(0,n):
y = diff(y)
print(y)
prod = prod*(t+i)/(i+1)
sum = sum + prod*y[-1]
print('by NFI value of y(',m,')=',sum)

enter the value of x: 2

[10 10 20 30]
[ 0 10 10]
[10 0]
[-10]
by NFI value of y( 2.0 )= 20.0

Simpson's 1/3

from numpy import *

a = 0
b = 1
n = 8 # n should be multipal of 2
h = (b-a) /n
x = linspace(a,b,n+1)
f = sin(x**2)
I = (h/3) * (f[0] + f[-1] + 4*sum(f[1:n:2]) + 2*sum(f[2:n:2]))
print('approximate value of given I is ',I)

approximate value of given I is 0.31024853238818184

Simpson's 3/8

from numpy import *

a = 0
b = 1
n = 6 # n should be multipal of 3
h = (b-a) /n
x = linspace(a,b,n+1)
f = sin(x**2)
I = (3*h/8) * (f[0] + f[-1] + 3*sum(f[1:n]) - sum(f[3:n:3]))
print('approximate value of given I is ',I)

approximate value of given I is 0.31012465182031024

Runge Kutta 4th Order

from numpy import *

x0=0; y0=1; xn=0.4; h=0.1;
n=round((xn-x0)/h)
def f(x,y):
return (y**2-x**2)/(x**2+y**2)
for i in range(0,n):
k1 = h*f(x0,y0)
k2 = h*f(x0+h/2,y0+k1/2)
k3 = h*f(x0+h/2,y0+k2/2)
k4 = h*f(x0+h,y0+k3)
y = y0+1/6*(k1+2*k2+2*k3+k4)
print("Approximate solution at y(%0.2f) is %0.4f"%(x0+h,y))
y0 = y
x0 = x0 + h

Approximate solution at y(0.10) is 1.0994

Approximate solution at y(0.20) is 1.1960
Approximate solution at y(0.30) is 1.2882
Approximate solution at y(0.40) is 1.3753

Euler's Modified Method

from numpy import *

x0=0;y0=1;h=0.1;xn=0.6

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n= round((xn-x0)/h)
def f(x,y):
return sin(x*y)
for i in range(0,n):
y1p=y0+h*f(x0,y0)
for j in range(1,50):
y1c=y0+h/2*(f(x0,y0)+f(x0+h,y1p))
if abs(y1c-y1p<10**(-4)):
print("The approx. soln. after %d iteration is y(%f)=%f"%(j,x0+h,y1c))
break
y1p=y1c
x0=x0+h
y0=y1c

The approx. soln. after 2 iteration is y(0.100000)=1.005017

The approx. soln. after 2 iteration is y(0.200000)=1.020164
The approx. soln. after 2 iteration is y(0.300000)=1.045723
The approx. soln. after 2 iteration is y(0.400000)=1.082124
The approx. soln. after 3 iteration is y(0.500000)=1.129865
The approx. soln. after 3 iteration is y(0.600000)=1.189362

Linear Curve Fitting

from numpy import *

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=array([1,2,3,4,5])
y=array([2.1,3.9,6.2,8.1,9.8])
p=polyfit(x,y,1)
print(p)
print('linear fit is y= %0.3f*x+%0.3f'%(p[0],p[1]))
t=linspace(1,5,50)
z=p[0]*t+p[1]
plt.plot(t,z,"r",label="linear fit")
plt.scatter(x,y,label="Data")
plt.xlabel("x")
plt.ylabel("y")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

[1.96 0.14]
linear fit is y= 1.960*x+0.140

from numpy import *

from matplotlib.pyplot import *
mean = 0
std_dev = 1
num_samples = 1000
random_numbers = random.normal(mean,std_dev,num_samples)
hist(random_numbers, density = True, color = 'g', label = 'random numbers')
xmin,xmax = xlim()
x = linspace(xmin,xmax,100)
p = exp(-0.5*((x-mean)/std_dev)**2)/(std_dev * sqrt(2*pi))
plot(x,p,'--',linewidth = 2,label = 'PDF')
xlabel('value')
ylabel('Probability')
title('Normal distribution')
legend()

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<matplotlib.legend.Legend at 0x7f1cb13bfe50>

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