01

Find the centre and the radius of the circles

(a) 3x2 + 3y' - 8x - l Oy + 3 = 0
lb) x' + y2 + 2xsln8 + 2ycos8 - 8 = 0
(c) 2x' + ).xy + 2y2 + (). - 4)x + 6y - 5 = 0. lex scxne )•.

~ Report the question

Solution
(a) We rewrite the given equation as

2
x + .;' - ~x - lO y + 1 = 0
3 3
4 5
⇒ g= -
3 . f= - 3 .c =l
Hence the centre Is ( 1-¾) and the radius

Is ✓16 + 25 - 1 = {3z = 4✓2 units

99 f 93
2
(b) x + .;' + 2x sln0 + 2ycos0 - 8 = 0.
Centre of this circle Is (-sin0. - cos0)

Radius= ✓sin' 0 + cos' 8 + 8 = ~ = 3 units

(c) 2x2 + ).xy + 2.j' + (1.- 4)x + 6y - 5=0
We rewrite the equation as
1 4 ()
x 2 + !:. xy + y 2 +( •-
2
)x + 3y - ~=0
2 ········ I
2
Since. there Is no term of xy in the equation of circle
),
⇒ 2=0 ⇒ 1.=0

So. equation (I) reduces to x2 + y2 - 2x + 3y - ~= 0

2

centre is ( 1. -¾)
Radius = J1 + ~4 + ~2 = ✓23
2
units.

02 9lil

Give the equation of circle whose ordinate of

centre is double of its abscissa and radius is
equal to the sum of both.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let the centre be (-g . -f,} and radius is Jg + t
2 2
- c

So according to given condition

f =2g and Jg2 + t 2 - c =3g

or g2 + f 2 - c = 9g2
:. C = g2 + 4g2 - 9g2 = -4g2
: . Equation of required cirde is
x 2 + y2 + 2gx + '2fy + c =0
⇒ x2 + y2 + 2gx + 4gy - 4g2 =O
or (x + g)2 + (y + 2g)2 = 9g2

03

Represent the circle x 2 + y2 + 4x - 6y - 3 = 0 in

parametric form.

~ Report the question

Solution
x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y - 3 = 0
(X + 2)2 + (y - 3 )2 = 16
Centre (-2, 3); radius (a) = 4
x = -2 + 4 cosa ] is the parametric form
v = 3 + 4 sine
 04

Parametrically a circle is x = -1 + 3 sine and Y

= -4 + 3 case. Give the cartesian equation of
circle and find its area.

~ Report the question

Solution
. x+1 y+ 4
sin e = ; cos e =
3 3

⇒ sin 2 e + cos 2 e = 1

(x + 1)2 +(y + 4)2 =1

9 9

⇒ (X + 1)2 + (y + 4 )2 = 9
Centre (-1 , -4) and radius = 3
Hence area is 1tr2 = 91t sq. units

05

Find the short est and longe st dista nce betwe

en
following two circles
x = case: y =sine
and x = 3 + 2cose: y = 3 + 2sin0

~ Report the question

Solution
Shortest distance d between any two circle s is
c 1c2 - r 1 - r2 and longe st distance is c c + r + r
1 2 1 2
c1 = =
(0, 0); c2 (3, 3), r 1, r
1 = 2 2
=
C1C2 = ✓9 + 9 = 3✓2
.-. Shortest distance =
3 J2 _1 _ 2
= 3( ✓2 - 1)

Longest distance = 3( .fi. + 1)

 06

If y = 2x + m is a diameter to the circle

x2 + y2 + 3x + 4y - 1 = 0. then find m

~ Report the question

Solution
Centre of circle = (-3/ 2 . - 2). This Ues on diameter
y= 2x+m
⇒ - 2 =(-3/ 2) 2 + m ⇒ m =1

07

A circle has radius equal to 3 units and Its centre lies on the
line y = x - 1. And the equation of the cirele If It passes
through (7. 3).

~ Report the question

Solution
Let the centre of the circle be (a, Pl. It lies on the line
y=x - 1
=> p = a - 1. Hence the centre is (a, a - 1).
=> The equation of the circle is
(x - a)2 + (y - a + 1)2 = 9
It passes through (7. 3)
= (7 - a)2 + (4 - a)2 = 9
= 2a2 - 22a + 56 = 0 = a2 - lla + 28 = 0
= (a - 4)(a - 7) = 0
Hence the required equations are
= a= 4. 7

x2 + y2 - 8x - 6y + 16 = 0
and x2 + y2 - 14x - 12y + 76 = 0.

08

Find the range of parameter 'a' for which the vartable line
y =2x + a Ues between the circles ><2 + y2 - 2x -
2y + 1 =0
and x 2 + y2 - 16x - 2y + 61 = 0 without Intersecting
or touching either circle.

~ Report the question

Solution
The given circles are C : (x - 1)2 + (y - 1)2 = 1 and C2 :
1
2
(x -8) + (y-1)2 = 4
The line y - 2x - a = 0 will lie between these circle If centre
of the circles lie on opposite sides of the Une.
I.e. (1 - 2 - a)(l - 16 - a) < 0 => a e (-15. - 1)
Une wouldn't touch or Intersect the circles ii.
11 - 2 - al 11 16 - al
✓5 > 1. ✓5 >2

=> l l +aJ > .Js . J15+al > 2✓5

=> a>✓
5 - 1 or a < - ✓5 - 1. a > 2 ✓5 - 15
or a < - 2 ✓5 - 15
Hence common values of 'a' are (2 ✓
5 - 15. - Js - 11.
 09

B8A (0, 0) (3, 0)

A circle with centre origin and a point on its periphery

is (3, 0).

~ Report the question

Solution
Since centre is (0 , OJ and point A is (3, 0). Hence
diametrically
opposite point B will be (-3, 0)

~ ~-~~•~•fy-~fy-~=0
or (x - 3) (x + 3) + y 2 = o

10 1111

Find the equation of a circle in third

quadrant of radius 3
touching the y-axis at (0, -4).

~ Report the question

Solution

As shown in figure, the required cirde

will have its centre as (-3, -4) and radius 3.
Hence (x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 9
:. x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y + 16 = O

11 1111

Give the equation of cirde passing through (3, 0),

(0. 3) and origin (0, 0).

~ Report the question

Solution

x2 + Y2 X y
9 3 0 1
=0
9 0 3 1
0 0 0

x2 + y2 X y
9 3 0 1
=0 R3 - R2
⇒ 0 -3 3 0
0 0 0

x2 + y2 X y 1
9 3 0 0
=0 R2 - R4
⇒ 0 - 3 3 0
0 0 0 1

x2 + Y2 X y
9 3 0 =0
⇒
0 -3 3

⇒ (x2 + y2) (9) - X (27) + y (-27) = 0

2 2
I x + y -3x-3y=0I
 12

Find the equation of the nonnal to the circle

2
x + y2 - 5x + 2y - 48 = 0 at the point (5. 6).

~ Report the question

Solution
Since nonnal to the circle always passes through the centre
so equation of the nonnal will be the line passing through

(5. 6) & (%- -1)

I.e.
7
y + 1 = - -(x - ~ )
5/ 2 2
⇒ 5y+5 = 14x - 35

⇒ 14x - Sy - 40 = 0

13 111111

Find the equation of a circle having the

lines x2 + 2xy + 3x + 6y = 0 as its
normal and having size just sufficient to
contain the circle x(x - 4) + y(y - 3) = 0 .

[f?J Report the question

Solution
Pair of nonnals are (x + 2yXx + 3) = 0
Nonnals are x + 2y = 0. x + 3 =0 .
Point of intersection of normals is the centre of required circle
i.e. C.(-3. 3/ 2) and centre of given circle Is C,(2. 3/ 2) and

radius r2 = R = ~
Let r I be the radius of required circle

r =C C
I 12
+r =
2
(-3-2)2 +(~-~)'
2 2
+~2 = 152
Hence equation of required circle Is
x2 +
y2 + 6x - 3y - 45 = 0

14 111111

The chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point on the

circle x2 + y2 = a2 to the circle x2 + y2 = b2 touches the circle
x2 + y2 = c2 . Show that a. b. c are In GP.

~ Report the question

Solution

Let P(acos8. asin8) be a point on the circle x2 + y2 = a 2 .

Then equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn from
P(acos8. asln8) to the circle
x2 + y2 = b2 Is axcos8 + aysln8 = b2 ... . (i)
This touches the circle x2 + y2 = c2 ..... (U)
Length of perpendicular from (0. 0) to (I) = radius of (II)
I O+ 0 - b' I
--.=======
2 2 2
=C
.j(a cos' 8 + a sin 8)
or b2 = ac ⇒ a. b. c are in GP.
 15 1111

Find the locus of middle points of chords of the circle

x2 + ,j = a 2 . which subtend light angle at the point (c. 0).

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution
y

X·$ ·1~ . , • ••••• F,'.c,q X

Let N(h. k) be the middle point of any chord AB.

which subtend a right angle at P(c. 0).
Since LAPB = 90
NA = NB = NP
(since distance of the vertices from middle point of
the hypotenuse are equal)
(NA) 2 = (NB)2 = (h - c) 2 + (k - 0)2 ..... (I)
But also L BNO = 90
2 2 2
(OB) = (ON) + (NB)
--{NB)2 = (ON) 2 - (OB)2
-l(h - d + (k - 0)'J = (h + k )
2 2
- a2
2(h 2 + k2) - Zeh + c 2 - a2 = 0
Locus of N(h. k) is 2(x2 + y') - 2cx + c 2 - a2 = 0

16 1111

Let a circle be given by 2x(x - a) +

y(2y - b) =0 (a ac O. b ac 0)
Find the condition on a and b if two
chords, each bisected by the x-axis. can
be drawn to the circle from (a, b/ 2).

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution
The given circle is 2x(x - a) + l,i2y - b) = 0
x' + ,j - ax - by/ 2= 0
Let AB be the chord which is bisected by x-axis at a point M.
Let its co-ordinates be M(h. 0).
and S = x2 + ,j - ax - by/ 2 = 0
Equation of chord AB is T = S 1

hx + 0 - f(x + h) - ¼(y + O) = h' + 0- ah - 0

Since its passes through (a. b/ 2) we have

ah - f (a + h) - f = h2 - ah h2 - 3;h +f +f =0
Now there are two chords bisected by the x-axis. so
there must be two distinct real roots of h
B2 - 4AC > 0

( 3)' (~ +sb' )
2

=,. - 2a -4 .1. >0

2 2
a ' 2b .

17 1111

Let P be any moving point on the circle

x2 + y2 - 2x = 1. from this point chord
of contact is drawn w.r.t. the circle x2 +
y2 - 2x = 0 . Find the locus of the
circumcentre of the triangle CAB, C
being centre of the circle and A, B are
the points of contact.

( ~ Reportthe question )

Solution

The two circles are

(x - 1)2 + ,j = 1 ......... (!)
(x - 1)2 + y'- =2 ... .. (ll)
So the second circle is the director circle of the first.
So LAPB = 1t/ 2
Also L ACB = 1t/ 2
Now circumcentre of the light angled triangle CAB would
he on the mid point of AB
So let the point be M = (h. k)
1
Now. CM = CBsin45 = ✓2

So. (h - 1) + k'
2
=(fz-)'
So. locus of M is (x - 1)2 + ,j = ½.
 18 1111

Give the equation of a circle passing through

origin and having intercept on x-axis as double of
intercept on
y-axis and radius 4 units.

~ Report the question

Solution
As the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = O
passes through origin hence c = 0 .
x intercept = 2 I9 I
y intercept = 2 I f I
2 IgI =2 • 2 I 1 I
19 1= 2 I I I
i.e. g = :t2f

Radius= 4 = ,/4r 2 + f 2 - 0

⇒ 16 = 5f 2

8
g = ± ,/5

Hence circle is

16 8
x 2 + y 2 ± Jsx± Jsy = 0 i .e . four such circles

should exist.

19 1111

Prove that the circles x2 + y' + 2ax + c2 = 0 and

x2 + y' + 2 by + c2 = 0 touch each other.

11 --1,+--1,=!.
a b c

~ Report the question

Solution
Given circles are x2 + y2 + 2ax + c2 = 0 .. .... (i)
and x' + y' + 2by + c2 = 0 ....... (il)
Let C, and C2 be the centros of circles (i) and (ii), respectively
and r I and r 2 be their radii. then

C 1 = (-a. 0). C2 = (0. -b). r1 = ./a' - c

2
. r2 = ✓b 2 - c2
Here we find the two circles touch each other Internally
or externally
For touch. IC1C, I = Ir,± r, I

,/(a' +b = l,J(a' - c l± ,/(b' - c')I

2
)
2

On squaring a 2 + b2
2
=a - c2 + b2 - c2 ± 2 ~ . J ( b 2 - c2 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
c =± .Ja b - c (a +b )+c"
Agaln squaring. c" = a 2b2 - c2(a 2 + b2 ) + c4
or c 2(a 2 + b2) = a2b2

I I I
-+-=-
a2 62 ,2

20 1111

A and B are two fixed points and P

moves such that PA = nPB where n *
1. Show that locus of P is a circle and
for different values of n all the circles
have a common radical axis.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let A = (a. 0). B = (-a. 0) and P(h. k) so PA = nPB
⇒ (h - a) 2 + k2 = n21(h + a) 2 + k2 ]
⇒ (1 - n2)h2 + (1 - n2 )k2 - 2ah(l + n2 )
+ (1 - n2)a2 = 0

h2 + k2 - 2ah ( ~ )2 + a 2 = 0
l- n
Hence locus of P Is
1
x2 + y2- 2ax ( + n: ) + a 2 = 0 . which is a circle of different
1- n
values of n.
Let n 1 and I1z are two different values of n so their radical
ax.ls is x = 0 I.e. y-axis. Hence for different values of n the
circles have a common radical axis.
 21 1111

Find the equation of the circle through

the points of intersection of the circles
x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y - 12 = 0 and x2 + y2
+ 6x + 4y - 12 = 0 and cutting the
circle
x2 + y2 - 2x - 4 = 0 orthogonally.

~ Report the question

Solution
The equation of the circle through the Intersection of the given
circles Is
x' + ,j - 4x - 6y - 12 + A(-lOx - 10y) = 0 .......... (I)
where (-lOx - l Oy = 0) Is the equation of radical ax.ls for the
circle
x' + ,j - 4x - 6y - 12 = 0 and x' + ,j + 6x
+ 4v - 12 = o.
Equation (I) can be re-arranged as
x' + ,j - x(l0), + 4) - i,i l0), + 6) - 12 = 0
It cuts the circle x2 + ,j - 2x - 4 = 0 orthogonally.
Hence 2gg 1 + 2ff 1 = c + c1
2(5i. + 2X l ) + 2(51, + 3X0) = - 12 - 4 => i, = - 2
Hence the required clrcle is
x2 + ,j - 4x - 6y - 12 - 2(-lOx - l Oy) =0
i.e .. x' + ,j + 16x + 14y - 12 = 0

22 1111

With respect to circle x 2 + y2 + 4x - 6y + 8 = 0,

find the tangent passing through point (4, -2).

~ Report the question

Solution
The point (4 , -2) is lying outside the circle as
16 + 4 + 16 + 12 + 8 > 0
s, > 0
A line passing through (4, -2) is y + 2 = m (x-4)
or y = mx - 4m - 2 to be a tangent the distance of
line from centre (-2, 3) should be equal to radius

-2m - 4m - 2 - 3
2
J 1+ m

(6m + 5)2 = 5 + 5m 2
=> 36m 2 + 25+60m=5+5m 2
=> 31m 2 + 60m + 20 = 0

m - 60 ± ✓3600 - 2480
62
- 60 ± ✓1120
62

- 30 ± ✓280 = - 30 ± 2,/70
31 31

- 30 ± 2,/70 }
Y = ( - -- - - x - 4 )+ 2 is the required
31
equations of tangents.

23 1111

Find the equation of circle passing through origin and

orthogonally intersecting the circles.
x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y + 2 = 0
and x2 + y' + 4x + 6y - 3 = 0

~ Report the question

Solution
Let the circle be x' + y2 + 2gx + 2fy = o
Since it intersects the above two circles orthogonally,
hence
2.g.1 + 2.1.2 = 0 + 2

or I g + 2f=1 I .. (i )
and 2g.2 + 2 f. 3 = 0 - 3

I 4g + 6t + 3 = o 1 ... (ii)

e.q., (i) & (ii) v,t,en solved simultaneously give

7
g =-6andf=
2
.-. The required circle is x 2 + y2 - 12x + 7y = O
 24 1111

2
Find the radical centre of circles x + y2
+ 3x + 2y + 1 = 0. x2 + y2 - x + 6y +
5 0 and
x2 + y2 + 5x - 8y + 15 = 0 . Also find
the equation of the circle cutting them
orthogonally.

~ Report the question

Solution
Given circles are S 1 = x2 + if + 3x + 2y + 1 = 0
S 2 = X 2 + y' - X + 6y + 5 = 0
S3 = x' + y' + 5x - 8y + 15 = 0

Equations of two radical axes are S 1 - S2 = 4x - 4y - 4 = 0

or x -y-1 = O
and S2 - S3 = - 6x + 14y - JO = 0
or 3x - 7y + 5 = 0
SoMng them the radical centre is (3. 2). Also. If r Is the length
of the tangent drawn from the radical centre (3. 2) to any one
of the given circles. say S1• we have

r= .Js: = ✓3' + 2 2
+ 3.3 + 2 .2 + 1 = ,/27

Hence (3. 2) Is the centre and ,/27 Is the radius of the circle
Intersecting them orthogonally.
ltsequatlonis (x - 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = r = 27
=> x2 + y' - 6x - 4y - 14 = 0

Alternative Method ,
Let x2 + y' + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 be the equation of the circle
cutting the given circles orthogonally.

2g ( %) +2« l ) = c+ Jor 3g + 2f =c+ J

........ (!)

2g ( - ½) +2«3) = C + 5 or -g + 6f =c+ 5

.... .... (ll)

and 2g ( ; ) +2«-4) =c+ 15

5g - 8f = c + 15 .... (llO
SoMng (I). (ll) and (Ill) we get g = - 3. f = -2 and c = - 14
equation of required circle Is
x' + y' - 6x - 4y - 14 = 0
'---
25 1111

Find the equation of a circle which

passes through the point (2, 0) and
whose centre is the limit of the point
of intersection of the lines 3x + 5y = 1
and (2 + c)x + 5c2y = 1 as c ➔ 1.

~ Report the question

Solution
Solving the equations (2 + c)x + Sc\, = I and 3x + 5y = I

then (2 + c)x + Sc2 (! -/x ) = I or

(2 + c)x + c2 (1 - 3x) = 1

1- c2
x = 2 + c -3c 2
(1 + cXl - c) J +c
(3c + 2Xl - c) 3c + 2

x= lim ~
c - 1 3c + 2

1- ~
l - 3x 5 I
y = - - = -- = --
5 5 25

Therefore the centre of the required circle Is ( 2 5. 2-51)

but circle passes through (2. 0)
Radius of the required circle

= ✓(¾- 2 )'+(-½-o)' = * + 6~5 = JINl

H ence the required equation of the circle is

(x-~
5
)' + ( y +_!__)
25
'
625
= ~

2
or 25x + 25y' - 20x + 2y- 60 = 0
 26 JII
Find the equation of the circle circumscribing the
triangle formed by the lines, x + y = 6 , 2x + y = 4
and
X + 2y = 5.

~ Report the question

Solution
X + y =6 .. .(1)

2x + y =4 .. .(2)

X + 2y =5 .. .(3)

The vertices of the triangle ABC formed by (1 ), (2) and

(3) are : A(-2, 8) : B(1 , 2) ; C(7, -1)

Let x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = O be the equation of the

required circle ; then, since, A. B and C lie on

this cirde, we get :

-4g + 16f + C = -68.. . (4)

2g + 4f + C = -5 ...(5)
14g - 2f + C = -50 .. .(6)
By (4) and (5) we get : 2g - 41 = 21.. .(7)

By (5) and (6) we get : -4g + 2f = 15.. .(8)

17 19
Solving (7) and (8), we have : g = - and f = -
2 2
By (5) , C 50 and thus,
x2 + y 2 - 17x - 19y + 50 = o is the required equation.

27

Find the equations of circles which have radius ,/13

and which touch the line 2x - 3y + 1 = 0 at (1 . 1).

~ Report the question

Solution

Let one of the circles have centre

C1(x1 , y 1) and let the point P
have coordinates (1. 1). Since C 1P
.l 2x - 3y + 1 = 0. The
equation of C1 P is
3x +2y=5
Since C1(x1 • y1) lies on it,
we have : 3x 1 + 2y1 = 5 .. .(1)

Also, GP
'=,;,., = :::; 1 2 3
x, -,/13Y, + 1 1 = ✓13
2x1 - 3y 1 + 1= ± 13
Taking '+' sign : 2x1 - 3y 1 = 12 .. .(2)

Taking ·- · sign : 2x1 - 3y1 = -14 ...(3)

Solving (1) and (2) we get : x, = 3 and y 1 = - 2

_·_ Equation of one of the cirdes is (x - 3)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 13

Solving (1 ) and (3), we get : x 1 =-1 ; y 1 =4

.-. Equation of the other circle is (x + 1)2 + (y - 4)2 = 13
 View Solution

28 111111

If the lines a,x + b,y + c, = 0 and a,x + b 2y + c, =

0 cut the coordinate axes in concyclic points,
show that a,a, = b,b,.

( ~Report the q,eslion )

Solution

Let the straight line a,x +b,y +c, = 0 cut the coordinate

axesinthepointsAand B respectively ; then, A and

B have coordinates ( ~ l
- O and ( O, =t;- l
respectively
Let the line a2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0 cut the axes in points
C and D respectively ; then , C and D have

coordinates -c, ) (O, li;

(a,'O -c,l and respectively.

By geometry, since A, B, C and D are concydic,

we have /(OA) -/ (OC) = /(OB) -/(00)

⇒ l~ll~H~ll~I

29 111111

Find the equation of the circles which pass

through the origin and cut off chords of length 'a'
from each of the lines y = x and y = -x .

( ~Report the q,eslion )

Solution
Let x' + y' + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ... (1)
be the equation of such circle. We note that 'c = 0'
as ( 1) passes through the origin.
Let OP and OQ denote the chords intercepted by
( 1) on y = x and y = -x respectively where O is
the origin. If the coordinates of P are (a, a) then

a
"a = OP " :::::, a = ± /2
The possible coordinates of Q are (-<X, a) or (a, -<1)
Since P and Q lie on (1), we get : g = 0 and
f= -<1 or g= -<1 and f=0
according as Q is (-<X, a) or (a, -<1) and where P is
(a, a)
Equation of the required circles are :

when a = 7 i : x' + y' - J2ay = 0

or x 2 + y 2 - J2 ax = O

when a=- 7i · x 2 +y 2 +,/2ay =0

2 2
or x + y + J2a .x =O

30 111111

A triangle has two of its sides along the coordi-

nate axes ; its third side touches the circle
x2 +y2 - 2ax - 2ay + a 2 = O. Prove that the
locus of the circumcentre of the triangle is

a 2 - 2a( x +y) +2xy =0 'Mlerea > O

( ~Report the q,es lion )

Solution

x2 +y 2 - 2ax - 2ay +a2 =0 .. (1)

Eq. (1) has center C(a, a) and radius r = a
Let OAB be the required triangle and let M(x, , y 1)
be any point on the locus ; then, M is the mid
point of segment AB.

A = (2x,, 0) ; 8 = (0, 2y,)

Equation of the straight line AB is

_!__ + _l'.__= 1
2x, 2y,

i.e., xy, + yx, - 2x,y, = 0

Since AB is a tangent to the circle, the length of
the perpendicular from C on AB is equal to radius
of the circle

l ay,~x,y,1 = 8

(ay, +ax, - 2x,y,)2 = a 2 (xf + yf)

4xfyf +2a 2 x,y, - 4ax,y, (x, + y,) =0
2x,y 1 + a' - 2a (x, + y 1 ) = 0
(·: x, = 0 ; Y, = 0)

Equatioo of locus is a' - 2a( x + y) +2xy =0

31 111111

■ ◄
 28 1111

If the lines a,x + b, y + c, = o and a,x + b2y + c, =

0 cut the coordinate axes in concyclic points,
show that a,a, = b,b, .

( ~Reportthequestion)

Solution

Let the straight line a,x + b1y + c, = 0 cut the coordinate

axes in the points A and B respectively ; then, A and

B hav e coord inates ( ~ -0 J and ( O, =i;- J

respectively.
let the line a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 cut the axes in points
C and D respecti vely : then , C and D have

coordinates ( ~ - O) and ( 0, -~, ) respectively.

By geometry, since A, B, C and D are concyclic,

we have /(OA) -/(OC) = /(O8) -/(OO)

~11-a: l=li+l-b: I
~1 2 2

29 1111

Find the equation of the circles which pass

through the origin and cut off chords of length ·a·
from each of the lines y = x and y = - x.

( ~Reportthequestion)

Solution
Let x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ... (1)
be the equation of such circle. We note that ·c = o·
as (1) passes through the origin.
Let OP and OQ denote the chords intercepted by
( 1) on y = x and y = -x respectively where O is
the origin. If the coordinates of P are (a, a) then
a
"a= OP · =:, a = ±72
The possible coordinates of Q are (-o:, a) or (a, -<1)
Since P and Q lie on (1), we get : g = 0 and
f= -<1 or g= -<1 and f=0
according as Q is (-<1, a) or (a, -o:) and Where P is
(a, a)
Equation of the required circles are :

When a = T2 : x2 + y 2 - J'5. ay = 0
or x 2 + y 2 - 15. ax =0

When a= - i : x 2 +y 2 + f5.ay = O

2 2
or x + y + 15.a . x = 0

30 1111

A triangle has two of its sides along the coordi-

nate axes ; its third side touches the circle
x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2ay + a 2 = 0 . Prove that the
locus of the circumcentre of the triangle is

a 2 - 2a (x + y) + 2xy = 0 where a > O

( ~ Report thequestion)

Solution
J(

.
X

x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2ay + a 2 =o ... (1)

Eq. (1) has center C(a, a) and radius r = a
Let OAB be the required triangle and let M(x, , y1)
be any point on the locus ; then , M is the mid
point of segment AB .

A = (2x1, 0) ; B = (0, 2y 1 )
Equation of the straight line AB is

_!__ + _L= 1
2x 1 2y 1
i.e., xy 1 + yx, - 2x,y, =0
Since AB is a tangent to the circle, the length of
the perpendicular from C on AB is equal to radius
of the circle

ay, + ax, - 2x1y 1 I = 8

I ~
2
(ay, + ax 1 - 2x1y 1 ) = a 2 (xf + yf )
4xfyf + 2a 2 x1y 1 -4ax1y 1 (x 1 + y 1 ) = 0

2x1y 1 + a 2 - 2a (x 1 + y 1 ) =0
(·: x, ;,, Q ; Y, ;c O)

Equation of locus is a 2 - 2a(x + y) +2xy = 0

 31 1111

Through a fixed point (h, k) secants are drawn to

the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 . Show that locus of mid
points of portions of secants intercepted by the
circle is x 2 + y 2 = hx + ky .

( ~Reponthequeslion )

Solution

x2 + Y2 = ,2 ... ( 1)

Eq. (1 ) has centre C(O, 0) and radius r

Let P ee (h, k ) and let M = (x 1, y1 ) be any point on

the locus ; then, M is the mid point of the chord AB
which is part of the secant drawn from P(h, k) to (1 ).

Since CM .L AB , we have : ~
x - 0 · 1'.!..=!:
x - h =-1
1 1

Y1(y1 - k) + x1(x1 - h) = 0

xf + yf = hx1 + ky1
Equation of locus is x 2 + y 2 = hx + ky

32 1111

Two circles, each of radius 5 units, touch each

other at the point ( 1, 2). If the equation of their
common tangent is 4x + 3y = 10, find the
equation of the cirdes.

( ~Reponthequeslion )

Solution
Let c, and C 2 denote the centres of the two
circles. The equation of the common tangent at
P(1 , 2) is

4x + 3y = 10 ... (1)

The equation of the common normal at (1, 2)

is

3x - 4y + 5 =O .. .(2)

tan e = slope of (2) = ¾;

cos e= i and sin e= ¾

Also, equation of nonmal in parametric form is

x - 1 = r cos e; y - 2= r sin a ...(3)
Since PC1 = PC2 = 5 units, the coordinates of
C 1 and C2 are obtained by putting r 5 and r = =
-5 successively in (3). Hence, C 1 (5, 5) and C2(-
3, -1 ) are the coordinates of the centres. The
equation of the two circles
are:

2 2 2
(x - 5)2 + (y - 5) = 25 and (x + 3) + (y + 1) = 25

33 1111

A tangent at a point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 0 2

intersects a concentric cirde C at two points P
and Q . The tangents to the circle Cat P and Q

meet at a point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = b 2 . Find

the equation to the circle C.

( ~Repon thequeslion )

Solution
Let the equation of cirde C be x2 + y 2 = r2 .. . (1 )

Let A(h, k) be a point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 0 2 .. .(2)

Tangent at A to (2) cuts the circle (1 ) at P and a.

Let the tangents at P and Q meet at B(b cos e,

b sin 9) on the circle

x2 + y2 = b2 .. .(3)

Equation of chord of contact PQ d tangents drawn from

B to (1 ) is

bx cos e+ by sin 0= r 2 .. (4)

Since (4) is a tangent at A to (2)

a =I Jb2 cos 2 : : b 2 sin 2 e I

r2 = ab and eq. (1) becomes x 2 + y 2 = ab
 34 1111

Consider a family of circles passing through two

fixed pointsA(3, 7) and B(6, 5). Show that chords
in which the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 6y - 3 = O cuts
the members of the family are concurrent at a
point. Find the coordinates of this point.

( ~ Report thequestion )

Solution
Equation of the chord AB is 2x + 3y = 27 ... (1 )

Equation of family of circles through A and B in

(x - 3)(x - 6) + (y - 7)(y - 5)+ ;, (2x + 3y - 27) = 0

x 2 + y 2 - 9x - 12y + 53 + ;, (2x + 3y - 27) = o .. .(2)

x2 + 2
y - 4x - 6y - 3 = O . .(3)

The common chords of (2) and (3 ) are given by :

Sx +6y - 56 -1. (2x + 3y - 27) = O

which is a family of lines through the points of

intersection of 5x + 6y - 56 = O and

2x + 3y - 27 = O.

Their point of intersection is ( 2, ¥-).

35 1111

Find the equation of the circle through the points

of intersection of the circles
x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 6y - 12 = 0 and
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 4y - 12 = o and intersecting the
circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 4 = o orthogonally.

( ~ Repon thequestion )

Solution
Equation of the family of circles through the points
of intersection of the circles

x2 + y 2 - 4x - 6y - 12 = O and

x2 + y 2 + 6x + 4y - 12 = O is given by :
x 2 + y2 - 4x - 6y - 12 + A (x2 + y 2 + 6x + 4y - 12) = O

i.e. x2 + y 2 + (G;~-/ ) 4 6
x + ( \ ~_ ) y - 12 = 0
1
.. .(1)

Since one of the circle given by (1) intersects the

cirde x 2 + y 2 - 2x = 4
orthogonally, we have, (for that value of 1..),

2 . ( E:.::.3.)(- 1) + 0 = - 12-4
1+).

31.. - 2 = 8 (1 + ).)
s;, = - 10 ; ). = -2
Equat ion of the requ ired circl e is
x2 + y 2 + 16x + 14y - 12 = 0

36 1111

Two straight lines rotate about two

fixed points. If they start from their
position of coincidence such that one
rotates at the rate double that of the
other. PrO\/e that the locus of their point
of intersection is a circle.

( ~ Repon thequestion )

Solution
1

i
P(-<>. O) QO. O) ll(o. O)

Let A ~ (-a. 0) and B ~ (a. 0) be two fixed points.

Let one line which rotates about Ban angle 0 with the x-axis
at any time t and at that time the second line which rotates
about A make an angle 28 with x-axis
Now equation of line throogh B and A are respectively
y - O = tan0(x - a) ...... (0
and y -O= tan20(x + a) ...... (11)

2 tan 8
From(II). y = 1 - tan ' 8 (x + a)
2 tan 8
From(II). y =1- tan 2 8 (x + a)

= l (/~a}
l - (x -a )'
] Ix + al (from (I))

2y(x - aH x +a)
2
(x -a ) - y2
2
(x - a) - y' = 2(x2 - a2 )
or x2 + y2 + 2ax - 3a2 = 0 which is the required locus.
 37 1111

Find the equation of the circle of

minimum radius which contains the
three circles.
S1 = x 2 + y2 - 4y - 5 = 0

s2 = X 2 + y2 + 12x + 4y + 31 = 0

s3 = X 2 + y2 + 6x + 12y + 36 = 0

~ ReportthequesUon

Solution

For S 1• centre = (0. 2) and radius = 3

For S,. centre = (-6. -2) and radius = 3

For S, . centre = (-3. -6) and radius = 3
let P(a. b) be the centre of the circle passing through the
centres
of the three given circles. then
(a - 0)' + (b - 2)' = (a + 6)' + (b + 2)'
(a + 6)' - a' = (b - 2)' - (b + 2)'
(2a + 6)6 = 2b(-4)

b= 2 x 6(a + 3) = -I(a + 3 )
-8 2
again (a - 0)' + (b - 2)' = (a + 3)' + (b + 6)'
~ (a + 3)' - a' = (b - 2)' - (b + 6)'
(2a + 3)3 = (2b + 4) (- 8)

(2a + 3)3 = -16 [ - f1a + 3)+ 2]

6a + 9 = -8{-3a - 5)
6a + 9 = 24a + 40
18a = -31

a= - ~ .b= - ~

r r
18 12

radius of the required circle = 3 + (-N -H- +( 2

= 3 + 2- ✓
949
36
equation of the required circle ls
2 2 2
=( 3+ 5 ✓
(
x+ 31 ) + ( y + 23 )
18 12 36
949 )

38 1111

Find the equation of the image of the

circle x2 + y2 + 16x - 24y + 183 = 0 by
the line mirror
4x + 7y + 13 = 0.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution

Centre of given circle= (- 8. 12). radius= 5

the given line is 4x + 7y + 13 = 0
let the centre of required circle Is (h. k)
since radius will not change. so radius of required circle is 5.
Now (h. k) is the reflection of centre (-8. 12) in the line
4x + 7y + 13 = 0

- 8 + h 12 +k)
Co-ordinates of A = ( - - . - -
2 2

4(- 8 + h) + 7(12 + k) + l =0
3
2 2
- 32 + 4h + 84 + 7k + 26 = 0
4h + 7k + 78 = 0 .... ..(i)
k - 12 7
Also~=
4
4k - 48 = 7h + 56
4k = 7h + 104 .... .(il)
solving (I) & (II)
h =-16, k= -2
required circle is (x + 16)' + (y + 2)' = 5'
 39 1111

The circle x + y2 - 6x - 1Oy + k

2
=0
doe s not touch o r intersect the
coordinate axes and the point (1. 4) is
inside the circle. Find the range of the
value of k.

( ~ Report thequestion )

Solution

tt
Since (1. 4) lies Inside the circle
S, , O
(l)' + (4)' - 6(1) - 10(4) + k , 0
k < 29
Also centre of given circle is (3. 5) and circle does not touch
or intersect the coordinate axes
r< CA & r < CB
CA = 5
CB =3
r<5 & r<3
r < 3 or r' < 9
r'=9+ 25 -k
r' = 34 -k
34 - k < 9
k' 25
k E (25. 29)

40 1111

The circle x2 + y2 - 4x - 8y + 16 =0
rolls up the tangent to it at (2 + ✓3 .
3) by 2 units, find the equation of the
circle in the new position.

( ~ Report thequestion)

Solution

A
(2.4)
Pf,2 • ✓3.3)

Given circle is x' + !f - 4x - Sy + 16 = 0

let P : (2 + -./3 . 3)
Equation of tangent to the circle a t P(2 + ✓3 . 3) will be
(2 + ./3 )x + 3y - 2(x + 2 + ./3 ) - 4(y + 3) + 16 = 0
✓3 x-y-2 ✓3 =O
slope = ✓3 = tan0 = ✓3
e = 60
line AB is parallel to the tangent at P
coordinates of point B = (2 + 2cos60 4 + 2sin60 )
thus B = (3. 4 + ✓3 )
radius of circle = ,/2' + 4 2 - 16 = 2
equation of required circle is
(x- 3)' + (y - 4 - ✓3 )'= 2'

41 1111

A fixed circle is cut by a family of circles

all of which, pass through two given
points A(x, . y1) and B(~, y/ Prove that
the chord of intersection of the fixed
circle with any circle of the family passes
through a fixed point.

( ~ Report thequestion )

Solution

Let S = 0 be the equation of fixed circle

let S, = 0 be the equation of any circle through A and B

which intersect S = 0 in two points.
L : S - S, = 0 is the equation of the chord of Intersection
of S = 0 and S 1 = 0
let L, = 0 be the equation of line AB
let S, be the equation of the circle whose diametrical ends are
A(x,.y,) & B(x,.yJ
then SI = s2 - /. LI = 0
L : S - (S, - AL,) = 0 or L : (S - S,) + i-1--, = 0
L : L'+ i,L, = O .......(1)
(I) implies each chord of intersection passes through the fixed
JX)int. which is the point of intersection of lines L' = 0 & L 1
= 0. Hence proved.
 ., ,
• C

. '

0 '

,,_.__
.......... ,~ - ·· .•.
. ,,'t;r . ...
,,

• C

'""'' .~. ..,,~.

,,'IC;,. . ;,,-
,. "' ~

..
.. C

• C
 49 1111

The equation of the circle through the

points of intersection of x2 + y2 - 1 = 0,
x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y + 1 = 0 and touching
the line x + 2y = 0 , is -

(A)x2 + y2+ x+2y=0

(B) x2 + y2 - x + 20 = 0

(C) X2 + y2 - X - 2y = 0

(D) 2(x2 + y2) - X - 2y = 0

G) C You Missed

E) D You Marked

~ Report the question

Solution
Farilyctdrdesis X' + y'- 2x - 4y + 1 + A(x' + y'- 1) = 0
U • ~ ~ + U + ~y' - ~ - ~ • U - ~ = 0

x'+ y' __2_ x _ _ 4_ y + 1 - i, = 0

l + ). 1 + 1. l + i.

Centre Is ( 1 : ).. . 1 ), ) ~ and radius

1 )' ( 2 ) ' 1 - 1. ✓4 + J!
= (w • w-w= ~

Since It touches the line x + 2y = 0. hence

Radius = Perpendicular distance from centre to the line.

_1_ .2 _ 2_
1 +). 1 +1. ✓4+ )!
I.e.. ..J1 , + 2' 11 + 1. I ⇒ ✓S=..J4 +1.'

⇒ 1. = ± 1
1. = -1 cannot be possible in case of circle. So ). = 1.
Thus. we get the equation of circle. Ans. IQ

50 1111

If the circle x2 + y2 + 6x - 2y + k = 0
bisects the circumference of the circle
x2 + y2 + 2x - 6y - 15 = 0. then k =
(A)21 (B) - 21
(C)23 (D)-23

G) C You Marked

E) D You Missed

~ Report the question

Solution
2g, (Q , - g,) + 21, (f, - f,) = c, - c,
2(1) (3 - 1) + 2 1-3) (-1 + 3) = k + 15
4 - 12 = k + 15 or - 8 = k + 15
⇒ k = - 23 Ans. (D)
 51

Let L 1 be a straight line through the origin and L2 be the

straight line x + y = 1. If the Intercepts made by the circle x2
+ y2 - x + 3y = 0 on L1 & ~ are equal . then which of the
following equations can represent L1?
(A)x +y= O (B) X - y=0

(C) X + 7y = 0 (D) X - 7y = 0

C) B You Marked

e C You Missed

~ Report the question

Solution
Let L1 be y = rnx
Unes L1 & L2 will be at equal distances from centre of the

circle centre of the circle Is ( ~,- !)

1 3 1 3
-m+- ----1
2 2 2 2
⇒
✓2

(m + 3)2 =8
⇒ 2
(1 + m )

7m2 - 6m - 1 = 0
(m - 1) (7m + 1) ;;; 0
1
⇒ m= 1, m=--
7
⇒ y= X, 7y + X= 0 Ans. {B, C)