01

Find the equations of the two cirdes

which intersect the circles
2
x + y2 - 6y+ 1= 0 and
2
x + y2 - 4y + 1 = 0 orthogonally and
touch the line 3x + 4y + 5 = o.

( ~ Report the quesHon )

Solution
Let the required cirde be,
2
X + y2 + 2gx + 2.fy + C = 0
Since it cuts the given circles
orthogonally, therefore
-6f = C + 1 ... (i )
and -4f = c + 1 .... (ii )
Solving (i ) and (ii ) we get
f=0 ; c=-1 .
Now since it touches the line
3x + 4y + 5 = O

l-~ 1 ✓(g2
5
= + 1)

2
⇒ (-3g + 5) = 25(g 2 + 1)
⇒ either g =0 or g=- ~.
8
:. Required cirdes are
2
x + y2 - 1 = 0 and
2
4x + 4/-15x -4 = 0.

02

Find the equation of the circle that passes

through the points (1. 0), (-1 , 0) and (0, 1).

~ Report the question

Solution
x' + Y' = 1
Centre (0 , 0), radius 1
x' + y2 = 1

(-1 ,0) (1 ,0)

03

Show that all the chords of the curve

3x2 - y2 - 2x + 4y = 0 which subtend a
right angle at the origin are concurrent.
Does this result hold for the curve
3x 2 + 3y2- 2x + 4y = O? If yes, what is the
point of concurrency and if not, give
reasons.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
Let the chord be Ix + my = I and it
subtends a right angle at the origin.
Making the curve
3x 2 - y2 - 2x + 4y = 0 homogeneous by
the help of Ix+ my= 1, we get
3x 2 -y2 - 2x (Ix + my) + 4y (Ix + my) = 0
Since the lines are perpendicular to each
other,
3 - 21 + 4m - 1 = 0 or
=
-21 + 4m + 2 0 ⇒ I - 2m 1 =
-lence, the chord passes through the
:,oint (1, -2)
Now, if the curve be a circle, then
3x 2 + 3/ - 2x + 4y = 0
⇒ x2 + y2 - I x+ i y =O
3 3 '

whose centre is ( i, ~ 2
) . All the chords

of this cirde which subtend a right angle

at the origin , which lies on the
circumference, must be diameters.
Hence they pass through the centre

(i, -32 )·
 04

ABCD is a square whose side is a, taking

AB
and AD as axes , prove that the equat
ion to
the circle circumscribing the square is
x' + y' = a(x + y).

~ Report the question

Solut ion

Since BD is diame ter of circle

Henc e (x - a) (x - 0) + (y - 0) (y- a)=
0

⇒ x' + y' = a (x + y)

05

Consider a family of circles passin

g
through two fixed points A(3 , 7) and
8(6, 5). Show that the chords in which
the circle
x2 + y2- 4x - 6y-3 = 0 cuts the members
of the family are concu rrent at a point.
Find the coordinates of this point.

~ Report the question

Solut ion
The equation of the family of circle
s
passing through A(3, 7) and 8(6, 5) is
(X - 3) (X - 6) + (y - 7) (y - 5)+ ),(2x
+
3y-2 7) = 0
i.e. x2 + y2 + (2A -9)x +
(3), -12)y + ( 53-2 7t-) = 0 .... (1)
The equation of the given circle is
x2 + y2 -4x - 6y -3 = 0 . ... (2)
Therefore, the equation of the line
joining the points of intersection (1) and
(2) is
(2A. - 9+ 4)x + (3A. -12 + 6)y + (53- 2n
+3) = 0
⇒ ( 2,. -5)x + (3,. --6)y + 56
- 27t-) = O
⇒ A(2x + 3y - 27) -(5x+ 6y -56
)=O
which passes through the point of
intersection of 2x + 3y -27 = 0 and 5x
+ 6y - 56 = 0 for all values of ,•.

⇒ the fixed point is ( 2, 2} ) .

06

Find the equation to the circle which passe

s
through the origin and cuts off intercepts
equal
to 3 and 4 from the axes.

( ~ Report the quest;on )

Solut ion
x' + y' - 3x - 4y = o

(X - 3)(x - 0) + (y - O)(y -4) = 0

 07

ation of a chord of
Let y = mx be the equ
who se radius is 'a', the origin of
a cirde
being one extremity of the
coordinates
the axis of x bein g a diameter
chord, and
le. Pro ve that the equation of
of the circ
of whic h this chord is a
the circle
diameter
is (1 + m )(x + Y) -
2 2 2a(x + my) = 0.

)
( ~ Repoo thequestion

Solution

n circle whose
(a, 0) is centre of give 2
ation is (x - a)2 + y2 = a
equ
i.e. x
2
+ y2 - 2ax = D
OP (y = mx) as
Equation of cirde with
diameter is
=D
x2 + y2- 2ax + 11.(y - mx)
+ ' ;' , -~)
whose centre is ( a
on y = mx
This centre must lie
-~= m(a+,~m )
⇒ ,, =- 2am2
1+ m
:. circle is
2
x2 + y2 - 2ax - am (y - mx) = D
2
1+ m
i.e. (1 + m ) (x + y2)
2 2 -
+ 2am 2x = D
2a( 1 + m )x - 2amy
2

i.e. (1 + m )(x + y2)

2 2 - 2ax - 2amy = D

08
&y
e which touches x
Find equation of circl
of cent re of circle
axis & .L' distance Given that circle
4y + 11 = 0 is 5.
from 3x +
lies in I" quadrant.

ion )
( ~Repoot he quest

Solution
=D
x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y + 4

3r + 4r + 11/ = 5
distance
_1_
! 5
7r+ 11 = ±25
r = 2 , -36 17 st
nt Hence r = 2
circle is in I quadra
2
(y - 2)2 = 2
Equation (x - 2) +
2

=D
x2 + y - 4x - 4y + 4
2
⇒

09
which
the smallest cird e
Find the radius of and
- y = 6 at (1 , -3)
touches the line 3x the
line y = x. Compute
also touches the
ely.
radius approximat

n)
( ~Repo,t thequ esHo

Solution
2 2
+ (y + 3) + ).(3x
- y
The circle is (x - 1)
....(1)
-6) = o
3x - y = 6 at (1, -3)
which touches line
It can be written as
(6 • i. )y + (10 - 6),)
x2 + y' + (3), - 2)x +
.. .(2J
=o
This touches y = x
of perpendi cular from
:. Radius = length
) on x - y = O
centre ( 1 - f, ~-3

i.e.

. [ 1+ + 3] '
2 i.)' -( 10 - 61.):
)' (6-
(3).-2
2 +
~

=:,}. = -8 + 4,/s .
2
1 5
:. (Radius)' = ~! : ~

=> Radius = 1<-B + 4,/s )

=,/2 {1 0- 4$) .
 10 Ill
Find the equation to the circle which touches
the axis of x at a distance 3 from the origin
and intercepts a distance 6 on the axis of y.

~ Report the question

Solution
x 2 + y2 ± 6 ✓2y ± 6x + 9 =0

11 Ill
Find the locus of the foot of the
perpendicular let fall from the origin upon
any chord of the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = O which subtends
a right angle at the origin.

If?] Report the question

Solution
Given circle is
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ... (1)
let the equation of any chord be
Ix + my = 1 ... (2)
making (1) homogeneous with the help of
(2) we get,
x2 + y2 + (2gx + 2fy) (Ix + my) + c (Ix +
2
my) = 0
It represents two straight lines passing
through origin
⇒ 1 + 2gl + cl2 + 1 + 2fm + cm2 = O
⇒ 2 + 2(gl + fm) + c (1 2 + m 2 ) = 0 ... (3)
Let the perpendicular from the origin on (2)
meet it at P, whose coordinates are
(h, k), equation of this perpendicular line will
bely - mx = O ... (4)
as (h, k) is the point of intersection, it will
satisfy (2) and (4)
Hence, lh + mk - 1 = O ... (5)
and lk - mh = 0 ... (6)
Eliminating I and m we get,
I= __ h_ and m = __ k_ putting these
h2 + k2 h2 + k2
values in (3) we get,
2
required locus as 2x + 2y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =
O: which is a circle

12 Ill
Find the cartesian equation of the circle,
x = -3 + 2 sin a , y = 4 + 2 cos a

~ Report the question

Solution
(X + 3)2+ (y-4)2 = 4
x = -3 + 2sin 8 ⇒ x + 3 = 2 sin 8
y = 4 + 2cos 8 ⇒ y - 4 = 2 cos 8
Squarring and add (x + 3)2 + (y - 4 )2 = 4
 13 1111

The centre of the cirde S = O lies on the

line 2x - 2y + 9 = O and S = O cuts
orthogonally the cirde x2 + y2 = 4 . Show
that S = 0 passes through two fixed
points and find their coordinates.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let the cirde S = 0 be represented by
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + C = 0
Its centre is (-g, -f)
⇒ 2(-g)-2(-f) + 9= 0 ⇒ 2g-2f= 9 .. . (1)

The cirde S = O cuts the cirde

x2 + y2 - 4 = O orthogonally. Hence
2g-0 + 2-f -O = c - 4 ⇒ c = 4 ... (2)
⇒ S = x2 + y2 + (9 + 2f)x + 2fy + 4 = O
⇒ x2 + y2 + 9x + 4 + 2f(x + y) = 0
This passes through the points of
intersection of the line
x + y = 0 and the circle
x2 +y2+9x+4=0
2 2
⇒ X + (-X) + 9x + 4 = 0
2
⇒ 2x + 9x + 4 = 0
⇒ X = -1/2, -4
⇒ The points are (-1/2, 1/2) and (-4, 4).

14 1111

Find the points of intersection of the line

x - y + 2 = 0 and the circle
3x' + 3y' - 29x - 19y + 56 = 0. Also
determine the length of the chord intercepted.

~ Report the quest ion

Solution
(1 , 3), (5, 7), 4 ,fi
On solving, points of intersection

are (1,3) & (5, 7), length= 4,fi

15 1111

If ABCD is a cydic quadrilateral, prove

that the orthocentre of the triangle ABC,
BCD, CDA and DAB lies on a circle.

~ Report the quest ion

Solution
Let (acos01, a sin0;); i = 1, 2, 3, 4
represents the points A, B, C and D
respectively.
The orthocentre of IV.BC is
(a(cos81 + cos82 + cos03), a (sin81 +
sin82 + sin03))
This will lies on the cirde
2
[x - a(cos81 + cos82 + cos83 + cos84)) +
[y - a(sin81 + sin02 + sin03 + sin04)]2 = a2
2 2
because (a cose4)2 + (a sin84) = a is
true
Similar1y the orthocentre of ~BCD,
MCD, MBD all lie on cirde (1 ).
 16 1111

Show that the line 7y - x = 5 touches the

circle x' + y' - 5x + 5y = 0 and find the
equation of the other parallel tangent.

~ Report thequestion

Solution
X- 7y- 45 = 0
Other tangent is - x + 7y + 'A. = 0

- ~2 - 7x ~2 +A I _ - 5
then
✓50 - .J2
I
⇒ ,._ = 45 and-5
other tangent is x - 7y - 45 = 0

17 1111

Find the equation of the cirde of

minimum radius which contains the three
cirdes
x2 + y2- 4y - 5 = 0, x2 + y2 + 12x + 4y +
31 = 0andx2 + y2+ 6x+ 12y+ 36 = 0.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution

For 1st cirde centre (0, 2) and radius

= ✓(-2) 2 + 5 = 3
For llnd cirde centre (--6, -2) and radius
= .Js2 + 22 -31 = 3
For lllrd centre (-3, --6) and radius
= .J3 2 + 62 - 36 = 3
Let P(et, Pl be the centre of the cirde
passing through the centres of the three
given cirdes. Then its radius r is given by
r2 = a 2 + (P - 2)2 = (a+ 3) 2 + (P + 6)2
= (a + 6)2 + (P + 2)2
or 4 - 4p =Get+ 9 + 12P + 36 = 12 a + 36
+4p + 4
.-. 6et + 16 p+ 41 =0 .... (1)
6a -8p-5 = 0 ... (2)

a =-~ P = - ~ -
18 ' 12
The centre of the cirde passing through
.
centre of given .
cirdes . ( - 31 ,
Is - 23 )
18 12
and radius =

✓Ct2+ (p-2)2 = HH + * - 2r

= ~ ✓949 .
36
:. the radius of the required cirde =
3+ ~✓949 and
36

centre ( - ~ - ~ ) . Equation of the

18 ' 12
required cirde is

(x + ~ r + + m2 =(3 + ½✓949 f.

18 1111

Find the equation of the tangents to the circle

x' + y' = 4 which make an angle of 60° with
the x-axis.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution

,/3x - y ± 4 = 0

m = tan 60° = ,/3

Y = mx ± a.J1+ m2
⇒ y = x,/3 ± 2 x 2
 19 1111

Find the point P on the cirde

x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y +9 = 0 such that
(i) L POX is minimum
(ii ) OP is maximum, where O is origin
and OX is the x-axis.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution

Given cirde is
x2 + y2 -4x - 6y + 9 = O ... (1)
Its centre is C(2.3) and radius is 2.
(i) Let OP and ON be the two tangents from
Oto cirde (1), then L POX will be minimum
when OP is tangent to the circle at P. Let
L POX =8, OP
2 2
.J(x + y - 4x - 6y + 9)<o. 0 1
= 3=ON
L COP= 90 - e
2

⇒cos( / ) = ~ =
90
k,
. ( 90 - - 8 )
Sin -
2
= ./f3
2

⇒ sin (90 - 8) = cose = _g and

13

sine = ~ .
13
.-. P = (OP cose, OP sine)
i.e. P = ( 36 ~ )
13 ' 13
(ii ) OP will be maximum . if P becomes
the point where extended part of OC cuts
the circle. Let this point be a. Then
maximum value of OP =OQ = OC + radius
=,,/13 + 2
slope of line OC = ~ = ~ = tan a
2- 0 2
(say)
2 3
cos a = ./13 , sina -
- ./13 For

maximum OP,
P = (OQ cosa, OQ sina )
.1. e. P =( 2 + ./13
4 . 3 + ./13
6 ) .

20 1111

Show that two tangents can be drawn from

the point (9, 0) to the circle x' + y' = 16; also
find the equation of the pair of tangents and
the angle between them .

( ~ Report the quest ion )

Solution
16x' - 65y' - 288x + 1296
8
= o, tan-1 ( :)
s, = (9)2 + (0)2 - 16 = 65 > 0
Since (9, 0) lies outside the circle. Hence two
real tangents can be drawn.
Now S = x' + y' -16
S,= 9X-16
Hence pair of tangents SS, = T2
(X2 + y' - 16) (65 ) = (9x- 16) 2
65x' + 65y' -1040 = 81 x' + 256- 288 x
16x' - 65y' -288x + 1296 = O
Angle between these tangents

- I
2
2.Jh - ab I- I2✓0 + 16 x 65 I _ 8J65
- (a + b) - 16 - 65 - 49
 21 Ill
If the length of the tangent from (f , g) to the
circle x2 + y 2 = 6 be twice the length of the
tangent from
(f, g) to the circle x 2 + y2 + 3x + 3y = 0, then
will f2 + g2 + 4f + 4g + 2 = O?

[f?l Report the question

Solution
Yes

given ./f 2 + g 2 - 6 = 2 ./f 2 + g 2 + 3g + 3f

⇒ 3g2 + 3f2 + 12g + 12f + 6 = 0
⇒ 92 + f2 + 4g + 4f + 2 = 0

22 Ill
Find the equation of the normal to the circle
x2 + y 2 = 5 at the point (1, 2)

[f?l Report the question

Solution
2x -y = 0

Normal passes through centre

Hence equation of normal

2
y=-x ⇒ y=2x
1

23 111

Find the equation of director circle of the circle

(x +4)2 +y2 =8

[f?l Report the question

Solution
(x+4)2 +y2 =16
given circle (x + 4 )2 + y2 = 8
centre of director circle= (-4, 0)
radius of director circle= 4
Hence equation of director cirde
(X + 4 )2 + (y- 0)2 = 4 2
 24 Ill
Tangents are drawn to the circle x' + y' = 12
at the points where ii is met by the circle
x' + y' - Sx + 3y - 2 = O; find the point of
intersection of these tangents.

~ Report the question

Solution

(s.-1;)

Equation of common chord is s, - S 2

=0
⇒ 5x-3y-10=0

This chord is also chord of contact.

Let point of intersection is p(h, k)

Then hx + ky - 12 =0
compare both equations

h k
s=~ =-- 12
10 (h,k) =
(
6,
_ 18 )
5

25 Ill
Tangents are drawn from the point (h, k) to
the circle x' + y' = a' ; prove that the area of
the triangle formed by them and the straight
line joining their points of contact i s
a(h2 +k2 - a2i312
h2 +k2

~ Report the question

Solution
Area of triangle formed by pair of tangents &
3
RL
chord of contact is = - 2- -
R + L2
Here R=a
L = ,/h2 + k2 _ a2

a(h2 + k 2 - a2f'2
Hence Area = (h2 + k2)

26 Ill
Find the polar of the point (- 2, 3) with respect
to the circle x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y + 5 = 0.

~ Report the question

Solution
x= O
T=O
-2x + 3y -2(x -2) -3 (y + 3) + 5 = O
⇒ x=O
 27 1111

Prove that the polars of the point (1, - 2) with

respect to the circles whose equations are
x' + y' + Sy + 5 = 0 and
x' + y' + 2x + 8y + 5 = Ocoincide. Prove also
that there is another point the polars of which
with respect to these circles are the same
and find the coordinates.

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution
(2 , - 1)

28 1111

Find the equation of the chord of the circle

x' + y' + 6x + 8y + 9 = Owhose middle point
is (-2, - 3).

( ~Report thequestion )

Solution
x + y +S=O
T = S1
-2x - 3y +3(x -2) +4 (y- 3) + 9
= 4 + 9 - 12 - 24 + 9
x + y + S =O

29 1111

Find the equations to the common tangents

of the circles x' + y' - 2x - 6y + 9 = O and
x' + y' + 6x - 2y + 1 = o

( ~ Repon the question )

Solution
x = 0, 3x + 4y = 10, y = 4 and 3y = 4x .

s>
S · x' + y' - 2x - 6y + 9 = 0 C (1 3) r = 1
x' + y' + 6x - 2y + 1 = OC,(-3. 1), ;, = 3
c,c,=~=m
n+ r, =4
Hence c,c, > r, + r, Both circles are non-inter-
secting.
Hence there are four common tangents.

Transverse convnon tangents :

. (~ ~ )-(o. ~)
coordinate of P 1+ 3 , 1 + 3 = 2
Let slope of these tangents is m

y- ~ = m(x - 0) => mx - y + ~ =O
2 2

m - 3 +~ I
Now J1 + m } =1
I

=> m 2 +..!. -m= 1+ m 2

4

3 . .
=> m = -
4 . other tangents 1s vertical
Equation of tangents x = 0

- 43 x- y + 25 =0=> -3x - 4y + 10 = 0

=> 3X + 3y = 10
Direct common tangents

coordinateof Q ( 1-3·~
- 3- 3 1-9) = 0 (3, 4)

Hence equations y - 4 = m(x - 3)

=> mx- y + (4-3m ) = 0

=> 1m -~ 3ml = 1

=> l1 -2ml = J 1+ m 2
=>1+ 4m 2 -4m= 1+ m 2

=> 3m' -4m= O=> m= O• 3 i

Hence equation
y - 4 = O(x - 3) => y = 4
4
Y- 4 = J (X - 3) => 4X - 3y = 0
 30 11111

Show that the circles x 2 + y2 -2x -6y-12 =

D and x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 4y - 6 = 0 cut each other
orthogonally.

~ Report the question

Solution
C1 = (1, 3) C 2 (-3 , -2)

r, = ./ii

31 11111

Find the equation of the circle passing through

the origin and cutting the circles
x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 6y + 1O = O and
x 2 + y 2 + 12y + 6 = O at right angles.

~ Report the question

Solution
2(x2 + y 2 ) - 7x + 2y = O
Equation of circle passing through origin is
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy = 0
This circle cuts the circle
x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 6y + 10 = 0 orthogonally
2g(-2) + 2f(3) = 0 + 10
⇒ -2g+3f-5=0 ...(1)
& x 2 + y2 + 12y + 6 = 0 also
1
2g(O) + 2f(6) = 6 + 0 ⇒ f =
2
3 7 7
⇒ -2g + 2 -5 = 0 ⇒ 2g = -2 ⇒g = -4
Hencecirde

2 2
x + y + 2( - i ) x + 2 ( i ) y =o
2x 2 + 2y2 - 7x + 2y = O

32 11111

Given the three circles x 2 + y 2 -16x + 60 = 0,

3x 2 + 3y2 - 36x + 81 = O and x 2 + y 2 -16x -
12y + 84 = 0,
find (1) the point from which the tangents to
them are equal in length and (2) this length.

~ Report the question

Solution

33 , 2 ) _ ~
( 4 ' 4
(1) s 1 - s2 =o ⇒4x - 33 =o
S3 - S 1 = 0 ⇒-12y + 24 = 0

⇒ ( 3t2J

(2) Length of tangent from

33 ) 1
( 4 , 2 to any circle is = .
4
 33 Ill
Find the equation of the circle circumscribing
the triangle formed by the lines
= =
x + y 6, 2x + y 4 and x + 2y 5. =

~ Report the question

Solution
xi + yi - 17x - 19y + 50 = 0

2x + y-4 = 0
Equation of circumcircle of this triangle
L,L, + Al,~+ ~l~L, = 0
(X + 2y - 5)(X + y- 6)+A(X + y - 6)
(2x + y -4)+µ(x + 2y- 5)(2x + y- 4) = 0
=
coef. of xy O ⇒ 3 + 3,._ + 5~1 O =
⇒ 3,._ + 5µ + 3 = 0 ...(1)
coef. xi = coef. yi ⇒ 1 + 2A + 2µ
= 2 + A + 2µ
6
⇒A= 1 µ=-
5
Hence (X + 2y - 5) (X + y - 6) + (X + y - 6)
6
(2x + y- 4) - 5) (2x + y- 4) = 0
5 (x + 2y -
⇒ xi + yi - 17x - 19y + 50 = 0

34 Ill
If y = 2x is a chord of the circle
xi + yi - 10x = 0, find the equation of
a circle with this chord as diameter.

~ Report the question

Solution
x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y = 0.
x2 + y2 - 1Ox + ,_, (2x - y) = 0 .... (i)
x2 + y2 + 2x (11. - 5) - ,_,y = 0
Centre (- (A - 5) , A./2)
Using on y = 2x

A.
- = -2(A. -5)
2

5
"' = 10
2
Putting 11. = 4
x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y = 0