01

as
The equation of an ellipse, referred to its axes
and
the axes of coordinates, with foci (± 2, 0)
latus rectum is 6 units.

~ Report the question

Solution
ae =2
2b 2 ⇒b
2
= 3a
centre (0, O); - = 6
a
b2
e2 = 1- - ⇒ a2e2 =a 2 - b2s
a2
2
⇒ 4 = a - 3a ⇒ a 2 - 3a - 4 = O
⇒ (a-4)(a + 1) = 0
a= 4, - 1
a cann ot be negative, hence a= 4
.-. b = 2./3
So the equation of ellipse is
x2 Y2
- +- =1
16 12
13x 2
+ 4y =48
2
I
02

Find the equation of the elUpse whose foci are

(2. 3). (-2. 3)

and whose semi minor axis Is of length ./s .

~ Report the question

Solution
& S' Is (- 2. 3) and b =
H ere S is (2. 3)
.Js
⇒ SS' = 4 = 2ae ⇒ ae = 2
b2 = a (1 - e ) ⇒ 5 = a - 4 ⇒ a = 3.
2 2 2
but
H ence the equatio n to major axis Is y = 3
Centre of elUpse is midpoi nt o f SS' i.e. (0.
3)
x2 (y - 3)2
Equatio n to ellipse Is 7 + -b-
2 -
=1

2
or £ + (y - 3 ) =1
9 5

03

at (I . 2). one
Find the equation of the ellipse having centre
(4. 6).
focus at (6. 2) and passing through the point

~ Report the question

Solution
elUpse
With centre at (1. 2). the equatio n o f the
2
(x - d (y-2)
is - a2-- + -b-2- = 1 . It passes through the point (4. 6)
9 16
..... m
⇒ ~+~ = l
= (6 - 1) = 5
Distance betwee n the focus and the centre
= ae
.......... (U)
⇒ b' = a' - a' e' = a' - 25
the equatio ns (I) and (II). we get
Solving for a' and b' from
a' = 45 and b' = 20.
(x - 1) (
+ _Y_
2
- 2)2
_ =1
H ence the equatio n of the ellipse Is - -
45 20
 04

Find the equation of the ellipse whose focus is

the point (6, 7) ; directrix is x + y + 2 = 0 and
1
eccentricity is ,/3 .

~ Report the question

Solution
By definition of an ellipse, the focal distance of
any point P(x . y) on it is 'e' times its distance
from the directrix , where 'e ' denotes the
eccentricity.

J cx - 6)2 + (y- 7)2 = ~ , x+J/ 2 I

2 2
6 (x - 6)2 + 6 (y - 7) = (x+ y + 2)
2
5x 2 + 5y - 76x - 8By - 2xy + 506 =O

05 Ill
For what value of /. does the Une y = x + i. touches the ellipse
9x2 + 16y' = 144.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
Equation of ellipse is 9x2 + 16y' = 144

x2 y2
Compartng this with --;;, + b' = 1 then we get a' = 16 and

b2 = 9
and compartng the line y = x + ). with y = mx • c
m = 1 and C = ).

If the line y = x + I- touches the ellipse 9x' + 16y2 = 144.

:hen c2 = a2i1f + b2
~1-• = 16 12 • 9
=>1-2 = 25
I- =± 5

06 Ill
Find the value of 8 if the tangent at the point

16 . 8 to the ellipse J
( 4 cos 8, ✓11 sin

16x 2 + 11y 2 = 256 is also a tangent to the

circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x = 15 .

~ Report the question

Solution
2
6x 2 + 11y = 256

... (1 )

quation of tangent at P ( 4 cos 8, ~ sin 8) to (1 )

~ cos 8) x+( ✓11 sin 8)y = 16 .. .(2)

2 2
(2) is a tangent to the circle x + y - 2x - 15 = O.

,en, length of the perpendicular from the center

. O) to the line (2) is equal to the radius, i.e. 4 units

4cos 8 - 16 1= 4

IJ 1s cos28 + 11sin28
2 2 2
:os8 - 4)2 = 16cos 8 + 11sin 8 = 5cos 8+ 11

4 cos 2 8 + 8cos 8 - 5 = 0

1cos 8 - 1)(2 cos 8 + 5) = 0

)S 8 = _:
2
 Show that the straight line Ix + my = n, is a
x2 y2 1 if
normal to the ellipse 2 + 2 =
a b

a2 +!t.__ =(a2- b2)2

12 m2 n

~ Report the question

Solution
Equation of normal at any point P(a cos e, b sin 8)
x2 Y2
to the ellipse -_;T + i7 = 1 ...(1)

2 2 2)
is ax sec e- by cosec e = a - b · • .(

If Ix + my = n is also a normal to (1 ), we must have

- b cosec e a2 - b 2
-,-e
a sec
m n
-b n
cos e
a
T
n
a2 - b 2
sin 8 = m.a2 - b 2

08

Find the equations of the tangents to the eU!pse 3x' + 4y' =

12 which are perpendicular to the line y + 2x = 4.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let m be the slope of the tangent. since the tangent Is
perpendicular to the line y + 2x = 4 .
I
mx - 2= - 1 => m =
2
Since 3x2 + 4y2 = 12 o r

x2 y'
Comparing this with 7 + b' =I
a = 4 andb2 = 3
2

So the equation of the tangent are Y =-1 x ± 4 x -4 + 3

2
FF
---
1
± 2 or x - 2y ± 4 = 0.
=> y=
2x

09

The tangent at a JX>lnt P on an eUipse Intersects the major

axis in T and N is the foot of the perpendicular from P to the
same axis. Show that the circle drawn on NT as diameter
Intersects the auxiliary circle orthogonally.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution

Let the equation of the ellipse be ~ + .lC.. = 1 . Let P(acos8.

a2 bz
bsin8) be a point on the ellipse. The equation of the tangent
xcos 8 ysln8
at P is -a- + - b- = 1 . It meets the major axis at T "
(a sec8. 0).
The coordinates of N are (a cos8. 0). The equation of the circle
with NT as its diameter Is
(x - asec8Xx - acos8) + y2 = 0.
=> x2 + y2 - ax(sec8 + cos8) + a 2 = 0
2
It cuts the aUXillary circle x + y2 - a' = 0 orthogonally if
2
2g . 0 + 21 . 0 = a - a2 = 0, which Is true.
 10 1111

Find the condition that the line fx + my = n may be a nonnal

x2 Y2
totheelllpse ~ + b2 = 1.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
Equation of normal to the given eUipse at (a cos 8. b sin 8) Is

~ -~ = a2 - b2 . .(I)
cos 8 sin 8

If the line tx + my = n Is also normal to the ellipse then there

must be a value of 8 for which
line (I) and line tx + my = n are identical. For that value of 8
we have
I m n

( a )= -( )=~
cos8 sln8
b

cos 8 = t(a,°: b') (Ill)

-bn
and sin 8 = m(a ' - b') .. .. . (Iv)
Squartng and adding (Ill) and (Iv). we get

n2 2
b2 I
I = (a 2 _ b2 )2 lfa
(
+ ;zJ which is the required condition.

11 1111

If the normal at an end of a latus-rectum

x2 y2
of an ellipse - + - = 1 passes
a2 b2
through one extremity of the minor
axis, show that the eccentricity of the

ellipse is given by e W
=

( ~ Report the question )

Solution

The co-ordinates of an end of the latus-rectum are (ae. b2/ a).

The equation of normal at P(ae. b'/ a) is

a2x _ ~ = a2- b2 ~ - ay = a2 - b2
ae b2 / a e
It passes through one extremity of the minor axis
whose co-ordinates are (0. - b)
O+ ab = a2 - b2
(a'b') = (a' - b')'
a 2 .a2{1 - e'J = (a' e','
1 - e2 = e4
e4 + e2 - 1 = 0
⇒ (e',' + e' - 1 =0

e' = - 1 ±..Jl+4
2

e = W (taking positive sign)

12 1111

P and Q are corresponding points on

x2 y2
the ellipse + = 1 and the b2
7
auxiliary c ircles respectively. The
normal at P to the ellipse meets CQ in
R, where C is the centre of the ellipse.
Prove that CR = a + b

( ~ Report thequestion )

Solution

Let P = (acos8. bsin8)

Q = (acos8. asin8)
Equation of normal at P is
(asec8)x - (bcosec8)y = a 2 - b2
equation of CQ is y = tan8 . x .. (il)
Solving equation (i) & (ii). we get (a - b)x = (a2 - b'lcos8
x = (a + b) cos8. & y = (a + b) sin8
R = ((a + b)cos8. (a + b)sin8
CR =a+b
 13 1111

Find the centre , the length of the axes, and the

eccentricity of the ellipse
2x 2 + 3y 2 - 4x + 12y + 13 = 0 .

~ Report the question

Solution
2x 2 + 3y 2 - 4 x + 12y + 13 = 0

2 (x 2 - 2x ) + 3(y 2 + 4y) + 13 = 0

2 (x - 1)2 + 3(y + 2)2 = 1

x2 y2
7 + -;;, = 1 ; where X = x -1 , Y=y + 2 ,

Centreis : X=O, Y=O ; x=1 , y=-2

Length of major axes = 2a = fi

Length of minor axes = 2b = _3_

./3
If e denotes the eccentricity, then, b 2 = a 2(1 - e 2 )

14 1111

Find the equation of the ellipse whose foci are (2,

3), (-2, 3) and whose semi-minor axis is of
length ✓S .

~ Report the question

Solution
Let S 1 (2, 3) and Si-2, 3) be the two foci and let
2a and 2b denote the lengths of major and minor
axes respectively. Then, b = Js
and 2ae = S 1S2
= 4, where e is the eccentricity of the ellipse.
ae = 2
b 2 = a 2(1 - e 2 )
=>a= 3
The major axes is y = 3 and center is (0 , 3) -
the mid point of the foci. Hence, equation of the
x2 (y - 3)2
ellipse is + - -- = 1
9 5

15 1111

A tangent to the ellipse x 2 + 4y 2 = 4 meets the

ellipse x 2 + 2y 2 = 6 at Panda . Show that the
tangents at P and Q on the ellipse x 2 + 2y 2 = 6
are perpendicular.

~ Report the question

Solution
Let A(2 cos q,, sin q,) be any point on the ellipse
x 2 + 4y 2 =4 ... (1)
Equation of tangent at A to ( 1) is
x cosq, + 2sinq, Y = 2 ... (2)

(2) intersects the ellipse x 2 + 2y 2 = 6

.. .(3)
at P and Q ; Let T(h, k) be the point of intersec-
tion of the tangents at Panda to (3) ; then
equation of pair of tangents from T to (3) is
(x 2 + 2y 2 - 6) (h 2 + 2k 2 - 6) = (xh + 2ky - 6)2

x2(k2-3) +y2(h2-6)-2hkxy+6hx + 12ky- 3(h2 +2k2 )= 0

We need to show that h 2 + k 2 = 9

Equation of chord of contact of tangents from T to
(3) is xh + 2ky = 6 ... (4)
Since (2) and (4) represent the same line, we
cosq, sin <I> 1
k- = ; or h 2 + k 2 = 9
have, - h - = -
3
 16 1111

Let 'd' denote the perpendicular distance from the

2 2
center of the ellipse .;- + l'.., = 1 to the tangent
drawn at a point Pon fhe e~pse. If F, and F, are
the two foci of the ellipse, show that
2
(PF1 - PF2 )2 =4a 2 ( 1- d2
b )

~ Report the question

Solution
Let P(a cos e, b sin 9) be the point on the ellipse
x2 Y2
~ + b2 = 1 .. .(1 )

The tangent at which is at a distance 'd' from the

center of the ellipse. Equation of tangent at P to
(1) is
bx cos e+ a y sin e = ab ... (2)
ab
d
Jb cos 2 9 + a 2 sin2 e
2

b2 b 2 cos 2 9 + a 2 sin 2 9
d2 82

1- ~ (a2 - b 2) cos28 e2cos2 8

d2 a2
where e denotes the eccentricity of the ellipse.
For any point (x 0 , y 0 ) on (1), the focal distances
from foci F 1 and F2are a + ex 0 and a - ex 0
respectively. Hence,
(PF1 - PF2 )2 = (2e -acos9)2 = 4a 2 -e 2 cos 2 e

2
(PF1 - PF2 )2 = 4a 2( 1- -;:jT
b )

17 1111

The tangent and normal to the ellipse

x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4 at a point P on it meet the major
axis in Q and R respectively. If QR= 2, find the
eccentric angle of P.

~ Report the question

Solution

x2 + 4y 2 = 4 ; a= 2, b= 1
The tangent at P(a cos 0, b sin 0) is
ax cos 0 + 4by sin 0 = 4
x cos 0 + 2y sin 0 = 2
. ..(1)
Equation of normal at P is

ax sec 0 - by cosec 0 = a 2 - b2

2x sin 0 - y cos 0 = 3 sin 0 cos 0

... (2)
Coordinates of Q and Rare given by :

Q (2 sec 0, O)R (%cos 0, O)

QR = 2 ⇒ I2 sec e -%cos e I = 2
⇒ 2
4 - 3 cos 0 = ± 4 cos 0
2
Taking '+ ' sign, 3 cos 0 + 4 cos 0 - 4 =0
-4±8 2
cos8 = - - cose =
6 3
Taking '- ' sign

3 cos 2 0 - 4 cos 0 - 4 =0
4
COS0 = ±v'64
6

2
cos e = --
3
 18 1111

If tangents to the parabola I = 4ax

x2 y2
intersect the ellipse 7 + b2 = 1 at A

and B. the find the locus of point of

intersection of tangents at A and B.

(f?J Report the question

Solution

Let P = (h. k) be the point of intersection of tangents at

A&B
equation of chord of contact AB is
xh + yk =l .......... (i)
a2 b2
which touches the parabola.

Equation of tangent to parabola ,f = 4ax is y = mx + ~

m
a
⇒ mx- y = - - .......... (il)
m
equation (i) & (ii) as must be same
a

~ =....::.!_ =___m_
(;,-) (~)
h b2 ak
m = -k7 & m= b'
hb 2 ak
ka 2 b2
b'
⇒ locus of P Is ,f = -7.x

19 1111

A tangent to the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4

meets the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 6 at P and
Q. Prove that the tangents at P and Q
of the elUpse x2 + 2/ = 6 are at right
angles.

~ Report the question

Solution
x2 y2
=1
Given ellipse are
4 +1 ......... (!)
2 2
and. 2- + L =1 .......... (ii)
6 3
xcos8 ysin8
any tangent to (I) is - - + - - = 1 ......... (iii)
2 1
It cuts (ii) at P and Q. and suppose tangent at P and Q meet
at (h. k) Then equation of chord of contact of (h. k) with respect

to elUpse (ii) is hx + ky = 1 ....... (iv)

6 3
. cos8 _sin8 _
companng (Ill) and (Iv). we get 1h/3 - k/3 -
⇒ cos8=~ and sln8 =~ ⇒ h' + k 2 =9
3 3
2 2
locus of the point (h. k) is x + y = 9
⇒ x2 + ,f = 6 + 3 = a2 + b2
i.e. director circle of second ellipse. Hence the tangents are
at right angles.
 20 1111

Find the locus of the mid-point of focal

x2 y2
chords of the elUpse ~ + b2 = 1

~ Report the question

Solution

Let P = (h. k) be the mid-point

equation of chord whose mid-point is
xh yk h' k'
given 7 +t7 - l =7 +t7 - l
since it is a focal chord.
It passes through focus. either (ae. 0)
or (-ae. 0)
If It passes through (ae. 0)
ex x2 y2
locus Is -=-
2
+- 2
a a b
If It passes through (-ae. 0)
ex x2 y2
locusis -~ =7 +b2°

21 1111

A point moves so that the sum of the

squares of its distances from two
intersecting straight lines is constant.
Prove that its locus is an ellipse.

~ Report the question

Solution
A

Let two Intersecting lines OA and OB. Intersect at ongln 0

and let both lines OA and OB makes equal angles with x
axis
I.e .. L XOA = L XOB = 8.
Equations of straight lines OA and
OB are
y = x tan8 and y = -x tan8

or xsln8 - ycos8 = 0 ........ (!)

and xsin8 + ycos8 = 0 .•••••• .• (11)

Let P(a. P) Is the point whose locus Is to be determine.

According to the example (PM)' + (PN)" = 21.2

(say)

(a sln8 + p cos8)2 + (a sln8 - p cos8)2

2a2 sln28 + 2P 2cos28 = 21,2

or a 2 sln2 8 + ~ 2cos2 8 = /.2

⇒ __a_
' - +-p_'_ = I
i.. 2 cosec 2 8 1. 2 sec 2 8
a' +-P_'_ =l
⇒ (). co sec 8)2 (), sec 8)
2

x2 v2
Hence required locus is p. co sec S)2 + (). s~c S)2 =1
 22 1111

Find the condition on 'a' and 'b' for which

two distinct chords of the ellipse
x2 y2
Za 2 + Zb 2 = 1 passing through (a, -
b) are bisected by the line x + y = b.

( ~ Report the queslion )

Solution
Let (t. b- t) be a point on the line x + y = b
Then equation of chord whose mid point (t. b - t) is

.. (i)

2 2
ta b(b -t) t (b- t)
(a. - b) lies on (i) then 2a' - 2b' = 2a' + 2b'
t"(a 2 + b'} - ab(3a + b)t + 2a'b' = 0

Since t is real B 2 - 4AC ;, 0

a'b2(3a + b) 2 - 4(a2 + b')2a'b2 ;, 0

a2 + 6ab - 7b2 ;, 0

a2 + 6ab ~ 7b2 . which is the required

condition

23 1111

Any tangent to an ellipse is cut by the

tangents at the ends of the major axis
in T and T '. Prove that circle on TT' as
diameter passes through foci.

( ~ Report the question )

Solution

Let ellipse be ~+t=l

and let P(acos<j>. bsin<j>) be any point on this ellipse

. Equation of tangent at P(acos<j>. bsln<j>) ls

.!'.cos <j>+f s1n <j>= l

a b

The two tangents drawn at the ends of the major axis are x
=a and x=-a
Solving (l) and x=a weget

T -a. b( l - cos
- { - - <j>) } - { b tan -
=a. (<I>)}
sin ¢i 2

andsolv!ng (l) and x=-a weget

Equation of circle on TT' as diameter Is (x - aXx + a)+ (y - b

lal{<j>/ 2)Xy - bcot(<j>/ 2)) =0

x 2 + ,j-by (tan(<j>/2) + cot(<j>/ 2)) -a2 +

b' = 0 (10

Now put x = ± ae and y = 0 in LHS of (II). we get

a2e2 +0 - 0 - a2 + b2 = a2 - b2 - a2 + b2 = 0= RHS

Hencefocllleonthlsclrcle

24 1111

A variable point P on an ellipse of

eccentricity e. is joined to its foci S, S' .
Prove that the locus of the incentre of
the triangle PSS' is an ellipse whose

eccentricity is ✓( 12: e ) .

( ~ Report the queslion )

Solution

Let theglvenelbpse be ~+t=l

Let theco-ordlnates of P are{a cos¢i. b slntf,)

By hypothesis

b'= a~l -e~ andS(ae. 0). 5'(- ae. 01

SP= focaldlstance of thepointP =a ae cos ¢i

and S'P =a +ae cos ¢i
AlsoSS' = 2ae

If(x. y)be theincentre ofthe t>.PSS'then

(2ae)acos¢i + a(l - ecos4')(- ae) + a(l + ecos ¢i)ae

2ae +a(l -e cos ¢i)+ a(l +e cos q>)
x = ae cos¢i
2ae(bsin¢i) + a(l + ecos¢i).O + a(l -ecos¢i).0
2ae + a(l -e cos ¢i)+ a(l +e cos ¢i)
ebsin$
=> y=~
x2
Eliminating ~ from equations (i) and (ii). we get ;;,;;,+ [;:;i]'
y2
=I

whlchrepresents an ellipse
Let e 1 be its eccenbicity

(eb: el2)2 =a2e2(1 ef)

=> ef= l - a 2 (eb: 1)2 =1-(::~; 2 = 1-~=~

 25 1111

HI.Rola nelir- !smlfol1t, rnlnorax!!l,lhrn it> =<'flfli<I~•

e C

Solution
2b'
As given - =b
a
2b=a =- 4b2 :a2
=- 4a~l-e') =a'
1 - e2 =c. 1/ 4
e= ,/3/2
Ans. IC)

25 1111

The curve represented parametrically by x " t2 +

t • 1 and y = t2 - t • 1 is
(A)Apaira/ strai~tlines (B ) An elli p$e
(C) Acircle (O) Al)Ell"ebol ll

Cl) B You Marked

E) D You Missed

Solution
x • y= 2t 2 •2
X -y = 2t

x+r={x;rf +2

2x + 2y= x2 + y2 - 2xy •4
:. x2+y2 -2xy-2x -2y+ 4 = O
h = - 1, a= 1, b= 1, g = - 1, f=-1 , c =4
~ .c O and h 2 = ab, so curve is a parabola

27 1111

The<'QJOtiooollhcolipo,,wllhl'-"p,><t to coonllOOleaxes
who«,mloor axt,;l< <q.iai to t!V'dl,;t,tr,rnbo!wom ltslocl
"ndwho><1lR- l0. ,,,ill W-
(A) 2<'•,/ = l OO (Blx'•'l<J =JOO
(O2:<' •:V - 80 ID) nooe ol tho!S<1

f) A

Cl) B

e C

Solution
Wlvro3' b
As~Mm 2b - 2ae

"'
---;;- • 10 ⇒ b2 • 5a (ii)

N=·,O:e b' • a' - a'rl

b2= a' - b' IFrom O)l
⇒ 2\r= a'

Honce<>qWtloo ol the olllpsewllbe ~+fo- • l

⇒ x 2 + 2y' • 100
Slinllarly 1t:tl"'1 a<b th<nr<qU1r«lolhi- 1<2x2 •,j-= 100
Ans.(A. B)

28 1111

lfu . P are OC<:<?lllrka~les o/end poina ola focalchord ol

d10 ollipw ~ - f - 1 . thc,n

!al'I Q/2.tan ~/2is oqual to ·

IA)~ (BJ ~

IC)~ 1D1;:f
e A You Missed

e C YouMissed

G) D YouMarked

Solution
Eqwlk>n ol line jo!nlngpOln!$ "o ·ani;1 ·p- 1,

lf~'5a local.chord. tfien ll passe•thr00!,'hloo.Js (»e. 0l.soe

0 +11 a~ll
co,; 2 • CO!i 2

co,£..:.!!
=> - o¼rT
~n·, '°'2

2s\nc, / 2slnJ} / 2 e- 1
2cosc, / 2co,J} / 2 e +l

=> liln~l3n~~~

usingl-ae. 0) ""ll"I t.:u,; liln: