IIIE REPT,JBLIC OF UGAT.

IDA

THE TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETYACT, T998

(AMENDMENT) (No. 2) ACT, 2023

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 rgB REUBTIC OE I]GA}.IDA

I srcNrv my assent to the bill.

(\

President

4 n83
Date of assent:...
 TI{E TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETYACT, 1998
(AMENDMENT) (No. 2) ACT,2023

ARRANGMENT OF SECTIONS

Section

l. Commencement

2. Insertion of section I l9A in principal Act

3. Amendment of the Roads Act,20l9

4. Amendment of Fourth Schedule to principal Act

 Trafic and Road Safety Act, 1998
Act (Amendmen| No2)Act 2023

Tffi REFT.'BIJC OF UGAI{DA

THE TRAFFIC AI\D ROAD SAFETY ACT, 1998

(AMENDMENT) (No. 2) ACT,2023

An Act to amend the Traffic and Road Safety Act, Cap. 361;
to provide for a speed limit in the Act; to repeal section 52 of
the Roads Act, 2019; and to amend the Fourth Schedule to the
principal Act to clarify on the environmental levy for motor
vehicles which are nine years or more.

DArs op Assevr:

Date of Commencement,

BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as follows:

l. Commencement
This Act shall come into force on l't Ju|y,2023, except section 4
which shall be deemed to have come into force on lst July, 2018.
 Trafic and Road Safety Act, 1998
Act (Amendmen| No.2)Act 2023
2. Insertion of section 1l9A in principal Act
The principal Act is amended by inserting immediately after section
119, the following-

*ll9A. Speed limit

(l) The Minister may, by regulations, prescribe speed
limits in respect of all public roads or sections of public roads.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other
law, the Minister may, by statutory order, prescribe temporary
maximum speed limits for motor vehicles, trailers or engineering
plant of different classes or descriptions on any part of any road
for such period as may be specified in the order.
(3) A person who fails to comply with a speed limit
set under subsection (l) commits an offence and is liable, on
conviction, to a fine not exceeding one hundred currency points
or imprisonment not exceeding three years, or both."

3. Amendment of the Roads Act, 2019

The Roads Act,2019 is amended by repealing section 52.

4. Amendment of Fourth Schedule to principal Act

The principal Act is amended in the Fourth Schedule by substituting
for items (b) and (c), the following-

Amotor vehicle which is nine years old

"(b) or more from the year of manufacture;
50%o of the CIF
value
excluding goods vehicles.

Amotor vehicle which is nine years old

or more from the year of manufacture, 20%o of the CIF
(c)
and which is principally designed to value;"
carry goods
 TTdREITBTreCfi,UGTX@A

This printed impression has been carefully

compared by me with the bill which was
passed by Parliament and found by me to be a

true copy of the bill.

e-Clerk to Parliament

Date of authenticatior, .}el f I 9" L3

 .Il{E REPUBI.IC OF UGN|IDII

INCORPORATION (AMENDMENT)
THE TRUSTEES
AcT,2022.

PARLIA\I DN T I,I.ts R-,S RT

PO. BOX 7178, KAI,lPALA

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2C2?
 THEREPUBUCOF UGAI{DA

I srcNrFY my assent to the bill

President

Date oJ assent
lql
Act Trustees lncorporation (Amendmenl) Acl 2022

THE TRUSTEES INCORPORATION (AMENDMENT)

ACT,2022

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

Section

1. Amendment of section I ofCap. 165

2. Insertion new section I in principal Act

3. Insertion ofnew section 34. in principal Act

4. Amendment of Schedule to principal Act

5. Insertion ofnew Schedule in principal Act

i-'ARI-iAi\,iirN't I_i I itARY

PO. BOX 7178, KA IV]PALA

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ACC Nu.............,,
Act Trustees Incorporation (Amendment) Act 2022

TIIE NEPUBIJC OF UGAIIDA

THE TRUSTEES INCORPORATION (AMENDMENT)

ACT,2022

An Act to amend the Trustees Incorporation Act to widen the

nature of trustees required to register with the Minister; to
define beneficial ownersl to require trustees to keep a register of
beneficial owners; to empower the Minister to make regulations
for generally giving effect to the provisions on beneficial ownership
and for related matters.

Deru or Assexr

Date of Commencement

BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as follows-

1. Amendment of section I of Cap. 165

The Trustees Incorporation Act, Cap. 165, hereinafter referred to as
the "principal Act" is amended-

(a) by renumbering section 1 as section 1A; and

 PARLI A]!] triu,I L,I BRAITI,
PO, BOX 7178, KAiYiPALA

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ACC NC
cALL NO:.....,...

Act Trustees Incorpora tion (Amendment) Act 2022

(b) by substituting for subsection ( 1), the following

"(1) Trustees or a trustee may be appointed by

any body or association of persons established for any
religious, educational, Iiterary, scientific, social, athletic,
charitable or other lawful purpose, or any persons who
have constituted themselves for any such purpose, may
apply, in the manner provided in this Act, to the Minister
for a certificate of registration of the trustees or trustee of
such body or association ofpersons as a corporate body."

2. Insertion new section 1 in principal Act

The principal Act is amended by inserting immediately before section
1A the following-

"1. Interpretation
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires
"beneficial owner" means a natural person who ultimately
owns or controls trustees or a trustee or the natural
person on whose behalf a transaction is conducted by
trustees or a trustee, and includes a natural person who
exercises ultimate control over trustees or a trustee;.

"currency point" has the value assigned to it in Schedule

1;

"Minister" means the Minister responsible for lands."

3, lnsertion ofnew section 3Ain principal Act

The principal Act is amended by inserting immediately after section 3
the following-

"3A. Trustee to keep register of beneficial owners.

(1) Trustees, or a trustee, with beneficial owners shall
keep a register of its beneficial owners and shall enter in the
register the following particulars-
Act Trustees Incorporation (Amendmenl) Act 2022
(a) the names and postal addresses of each beneficial
owner;

(b) the national identification numbers (NlN) of the

beneficial owners;

(c) the nature of the beneficial ownership;

(d) the date on which each beneficial owner was entered

in the register as a beneficial owner;
(e) the date onwhich any person ceased to be abeneficial
owner;

(r) any other information as the Minister may prescribe

by regulations.

(2) The register ofbeneficial owners shall be kept at the

registered office of the trustees or trustee except that-

(a) if the work of making it up is done at another omce,

it may be kept at that other office; and
(b) if the trustees or trustee arranges with some other
person for the making up of a register on behalf of
the trustees or trustee by that other person, it may be
kept at the office of that person at which the work
is done but it shall not be kept at a place outside
Uganda.

(3) Trustees or a trustee shall send notice to the Minister

of the place where its register of beneficial owner is kept and
of any change of place within fourteen days after creating the
register or changing the place, where the register is kept.

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (2), trustees or a trustee

shall, within fourteen days after creating the register ofbeneficial
owners, transmit a copy of the register to the Minister.
Act Trustees Incorporation (Amendment) Acl 2022
(5) The Minister may, by statutory instrument, make
regulations generally for giving effect to the provisions on
beneficial owners including prescribing penalties for breach of
the regulations.

(6) Where trustees or a trustee defaults in complying

wrth subsection (l), (2) or (3), every trustee who is in default is
liable to a daily default fine offive currency points."

4. Amendment of Schedule to principal Act

The Schedule to the principal Act is amended by renumbering it as
Schedule 2.

5. Insertion ofnew Schedule in principal Act

The principalAct is amended by inserting immediately before Schedule
2 the following-

*SCHEDULE 1

Section l
A currency point is equivalent to twenty thousand shillings"
 THE REPI,JBLIC OF UGA}.{DA

This printed impression has been carefully

compared by me with the bill which rvas

passed by Parliament and found by me to be a

true copy of the bill

P.C.RLIAMENT Ltts I?A1?T
PO. BOX 7173, KAIv]PALA

* l] 0 5r,:l 2il? *
ACC NL -

R Clerk to Parliament

Date 0f authentication : blllgn,*-

 CONSTITUTION OF UGANDA

PREAMBLE
WE THE PEOPLE OF UGANDA:
Recalling our history which has been characterised by political and constitutional instability;
Recognising our struggles against the forces of tyranny, oppression and exploitation;
Committed to building a better future by establishing a socio-economic and political order through
a popular and durable national Constitution based on the principles of unity, peace, equality,
democracy, freedom, social justice and progress;
Exercising our sovereign and inalienable right to determine the form of governance for our
country, and having fully participated in the Constitution-making process;
Noting that a Constituent Assembly was established to represent us and to debate the Draft
Constitution prepared by the Uganda Constitutional Commission and to adopt and enact a
Constitution for Uganda:
Do hereby, in and through this constituent Assembly solemnly adopt, enact and give to ourselves
and our posterity, this Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, this 22nd day of September, in the
year 1995.

FOR GOD AND MY COUNTRY

NATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY

General
I. Implementation of objectives.
(i) The following objectives and principles shall guide all organs and agencies of the State, all
citizens, organisations and other bodies and persons in applying, or interpreting the Constitution
or any other law and in taking and implementing any policy decisions for the establishment and
promotion of a just, free and democratic society.
(ii) The President shall report to Parliament and the nation at least once a year, all steps taken to
ensure the realisation of these policy objectives and principles.

Political Objectives
II. Democratic principles.
(i) The State shall be based on democratic principles, which empower and encourage the active
participation of all citizens at all levels in their own governance.
(ii) All the people of Uganda shall have access to leadership positions at all levels, subject to the
Constitution.
(iii) The State shall be guided by the principle of decentralisation and devolution of governmental
functions and powers to the people at appropriate levels where they can best manage and direct
their own affairs.
(iv) The composition of Government shall be broadly representative of the national character and
social diversity of the country.
(v) All political and civic associations aspiring to manage and direct public affairs shall conform to
democratic principles in their internal organisations and practice.
(vi) Civic organisations shall retain their autonomy in pursuit of their declared objectives.

III. National unity and Stability.

(i) All organs of State and people of Uganda shall work towards the promotion of national unity,
peace and stability.
(ii) Every effort shall be made to integrate all the peoples of Uganda while at the same time
recognising the existence of their ethnic, religious, ideological. political and cultural diversity.
(iii) Everything shall be done to promote a culture of co-operation. understanding, appreciation,
tolerance and respect for each other's customs, traditions and beliefs.
(iv) There shall be established and nurtured institutions and procedures for the resolution of
conflicts fairly and peacefully.
(v) The State shall provide a peaceful, secure and stable political environment which is necessary
for economic development.

IV. National Sovereignty, Independence and Territorial Integrity.

(i) The State and citizens of Uganda shall at all times defend the independence, sovereignty and
territorial integrity of Uganda.
(ii) The State and citizens of Uganda shall endeavour to build national strength in political,
economic and social spheres to avoid undue dependence on other countries and institutions.
(iii) The State shall endeavour to mobilise, organise and empower the Ugandan people to build
independent and sustainable foundations for the development of Uganda.

Protection and Promotion of Fundamental and other Human Rights and Freedoms.

V. Fundamental and Other Human Rights and Freedoms

(i) The State shall guarantee and respect institutions which are charged by the State with
responsibility for protecting and promoting human rights by providing them with adequate
resources to function effectively.
(ii) The State shall guarantee and respect the independence of non-governmental organisations
which protect and promote human rights.

VI. Gender Balance and Fair Representation of Marginalised Groups

The State shall ensure gender balance and fair representation of marginalised groups on all
constitutional and other bodies.

VII. Protection of The Aged

The State shall make reasonable provision for the welfare and maintenance of the aged.

VIII. Provision of Adequate Resources for Organs of Government.

The distribution of powers and functions as well as checks and balances provided for in the
Constitution among various organs and institutions of government shall be supported through the
provision of adequate resources to their effective functioning at all levels.

IX. The Right to Development.

In order to facilitate rapid and equitable development, the State shall encourage private initiative
and self-reliance.

X. Role of The People in Development

The State shall take all necessary steps to involve the people in the formulation and
implementation of development plans and programmes which affect them.

XI. Role of the State in Development

(i) The State shall give the highest priority to the enactment of legislation establishing measures
that protect and enhance the right of the people to equal opportunities in development.
(ii) The State shall stimulate agricultural, industrial, technological and scientific development by
adopting appropriate policies and the enactment of enabling legislation.
(iii) In furtherance of social justice, the State may regulate the acquisition, ownership, use and
disposition of land and other property, in accordance with the Constitution.

XII. Balanced and Equitable Development

(i) The State shall adopt an integrated and co-ordinated planning approach.
(ii) The State shall take necessary measures to bring about balanced development of the different
areas of Uganda and between the rural and urban areas.
(iii) The State shall take special measures in favour of the development of the least developed
areas.

XIII. Protection of Natural Resources.

The State shall protect important natural resources, including land, water, wetlands, minerals, oil,
fauna and flora on behalf of the people of Uganda.

Social and Economic Objectives

XIV. General Social and Economic Objectives

The State shall endeavour to fulfill the fundamental rights of all Ugandans to social justice and
economic development and shall, in particular, ensure that-
(i) all developmental efforts are directed at ensuring the minimum social and cultural well-being of
the people; and
(ii) all Ugandans enjoy rights and opportunities and access to education, health services, clean
and safe water, work. decent shelter, adequate clothing, food security and pension and retirement
benefits.

XV. Recognition of Role of Women in Society

The State shall recognise the significant role that women play in society.

XVI. Recognition of the Dignity of Persons with Disabilities

Society and the State shall recognise the right of persons with disabilities to respect and human
dignity.

XVII. Recreation and Sports

The State shall promote recreation and sports for the citizens of Uganda.

XVIII. Education Objectives

(i) The State shall promote free and compulsory basic education.
(ii) The State shall take appropriate measures to afford every citizen equal opportunity to attain
the highest educational standard possible.
(iii) Individuals, religious bodies and other non-governmental organisations shall be free to found
and operate educational institutions if they comply with the general educational policy of the
country and maintain national standards.

XIX. Protection of The Family

The family is the natural and basic unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the
State.

XX. Medical Services

The State shall take all practical measures to ensure the provision of basic medical services to
the population.

XXI. Clean and Safe Water

The State shall take all practical measures to promote a good water management system at all
levels.

XXII. Food Security and Nutrition

The State shall-
(i) take appropriate steps to encourage people to grow and store adequate food;
(ii) establish national food reserves; and
(iii) encourage and promote proper nutrition through mass education and other appropriate
means in order to build a healthy State.
XXIII. Natural Disasters
The State shall institute an effective machinery for dealing with any hazard or disaster arising out
of natural calamities or any situation resulting in general displacement of people or serious
disruption of the normal life.

Cultural Objectives

XXIV. Cultural Objectives

Cultural and customary values which are consistent with fundamental rights and freedoms,
human dignity, democracy, and with the Constitution may be developed and incorporated in
aspects of Ugandan life. The State shall-
(i) promote and preserve those cultural values and practices which enhance the dignity and well-
being of Ugandans;
(ii) encourage the development, preservation and enrichment of all Ugandan languages;
(iii) promote the development of a sign language for the deaf; and
(iv) encourage the development of a national language or languages.

XXV. Preservation of Public Property and Heritage

The State and citizens shall endeavour to preserve and protect and generally promote, the
culture of preservation of public property and Uganda's heritage.

Accountability

XXVI. Accountability
(i) All public offices shall be held in trust for the people.
(ii) All persons placed in positions of leadership and responsibility shall, in their work, be
answerable to the people.
(iii) All lawful measures shall be taken to expose, combat and eradicate corruption and abuse or
misuse of power by those holding political and other public offices.

The Environment

XXVII. The Environment

(i) The State shall promote sustainable development and public awareness of the need to
manage land, air, water resources in a balanced and sustainable manner for the present and
future generations.
(ii) The utilization of the natural resources of Uganda shall be managed in such a way as to meet
the development and environmental needs of present and future generations of Ugandans; and in
particular, the State shall take all possible measures to prevent or minimise damage and
destruction to land, air and water resources resulting from pollution or other causes.
(iii) The State shall promote and implement energy policies that will ensure that people's basic
needs and those of environmental preservation are met.
(iv) The State, including local governments, shall-
(a) create and develop parks, reserves and recreation areas and ensure the conservation of
natural resources;
(b) promote the rational use of natural resources so as to safeguard and protect the bio-diversity
of Uganda.

Foreign Policy Objectives

XXVIII. Foreign Policy Objectives

(i) The foreign policy of Uganda shall be based on the principles of-
(a) promotion of the national interest of Uganda;
(b) respect for international law and treaty obligations;
(c) peaceful co-existence and non-alignment;
(d) settlement of international disputes by peaceful means;
(e) opposition to all forms of domination, racism and other forms of oppression and exploitation.
(ii) Uganda shall actively participate in international and regional organisations that stand for
peace and for the well-being and progress of humanity.
(iii) The State shall promote regional and pan-African cultural, economic and political co-operation
and integration.

Duties of a Citizen

XXIX. Duties of a Citizen

The exercise and enjoyment of rights and freedoms is inseparable from the performance of duties
and obligations, and accordingly, it shall be the duty of every citizen-
(a) to be patriotic and loyal to Uganda and to promote its well-being;
(b) to engage in gainful work for the good of that citizen, the family, the common good and to
contribute to national development;
(c) to contribute to the well-being of the community where that citizen lives;
(d) to promote responsible parenthood;
(e) to foster national unity and live in harmony with others;
(f) to promote democracy and the rule of law; and
(g) to acquaint himself or herself with the provisions of the Constitution and to uphold and defend
the Constitution and the law.

CHAPTER 1- PEOPLES’ SOVEREIGNITY

Article 1
(1) All power belongs to the people who shall exercise their sovereignty in accordance with this
Constitution.
(2) Without limiting the effect of clause (I) of this article, all authority in the State emanates from
the people of Uganda; and the people shall be governed through their will and consent.
(3) All power and authority of Government and its organs derive from this Constitution, which in
turn derives its authority from the people who consent to be governed in accordance with this
Constitution.
(4) The people shall express their will and consent on who shall govern them and how they
should be governed through regular, free and fair elections of their representatives or through
referenda.

Article 2 Supremacy of the Constitution

(1) This Constitution is the supreme law of Uganda and shall have binding force all authorities
and persons throughout Uganda.
(2) If any other law or any custom is inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Constitution,
the Constitution shall prevail, and that other law or custom shall, to the extent of the
inconsistency, be void.
3. (1) It is prohibited for any person or group of persons to take or retain control of the
Government of Uganda, except in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
(2) Any person who, singly or in concert with others, by any violent or other unlawful means,
suspends, overthrows, abrogates or amends this Constitution or any part of it or attempts to do
any such act, commits the offence of treason and shall be punished according to law.
(3) This Constitution shall not lose its force and effect even where its observance is interrupted by
a government established by the force of arms; and in any case, as soon as the people recover
their liberty, its observance shall be re-established and all person who have taken part in any
rebellion or other activities which resulted in the interruption of the observance, shall be tuned in
accordance with this Constitution and other laws consistent with it.
(4) All citizens of Uganda shall have the right and duty at all times-
(a) to defend this Constitution, and in particular, to resist any person or group of persons seeking
to overthrow the established constitutional order: and
(b) to do all in their power to restore this Constitution after it has been suspended, over thrown,
abrogated or amended contrary to its provisions.
(5) Any person or group of persons who, as required by clause (4) of this article, resists the
suspension, overthrow, abrogation or amendment of this Constitution commits no offence.
(6) Where a person referred to in clause (5) of this article is punished for any act done under that
clause, the punishment shall, on the restoration of this Constitution, be considered void from the
time it was imposed and that person shall be taken to be absolved from all liabilities arising out of
the punishment.

Article 4 Promotion of public awareness of the Constitution

The State shall promote public awareness of this Constitution by-
(a) translating it into Ugandan languages and disseminating it as widely as possible; and
(b) providing for the teaching of the Constitution in all educational institutions and armed forces
training institutions and regularly transmitting and publishing programmes through the media
generally.

CHAPTER 2- THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

Article 5
(1) Uganda is one Sovereign State and a Republic.
(2) Uganda shall consist of the districts specified in the First Schedule to this Constitution and
such other districts as may be established in accordance with this Constitution or any other law
consistent with it.
(3) The territorial boundary of Uganda shall be as delineated in the Second Schedule to this
Constitution.
(4) The capital of Uganda is Kampala.

Article 6 Official Language

( 1) The official language of Uganda is English.
(2) Subject to clause (1) of this article, any other language may be used as a medium of
instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative, administrative or judicial
purposes as may be prescribed by law.

Article 7 Non-adoption of State religion

Uganda shall not adopt a State religion.

Article 8 National symbols and seals

The National Flag, the National Coat of Arms, the Public Seal, the National Anthem and the seals
of the Courts of Judicature in use immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution,
shall continue to be in use.

CHAPTER 3- CITIZENSHIP

Article 9
Every person who, on the commencement of this Constitution, is a citizen of Uganda shall
continue to be such a citizen.

Article 10 Citizenship by birth

The following persons shall be citizens of Uganda by birth-
(a) every person born in Uganda one of whose parents or grandparents is or was a member of
any of the indigenous communities existing and residing within the borders of Uganda as at the
first day of February, 1926 and set out in the Third Schedule to this Constitution; and
(b) every person born in or outside Uganda one of whose parents or grandparents was at the
time of birth of that person a citizen of Uganda by birth.

Article 11 Foundlings and adopting children

(1) A child of not more than five years of age found in Uganda, whose parents are not known,
shall be presumed to be a citizen of Uganda by birth.
(2) A child under the age of eighteen years neither of whose parents is a citizen of Uganda, who
is adopted by a citizen of Uganda shall, on application, be registered as a citizen of Uganda.

Article 12 Citizenship by registration

(1) Every person born in Uganda-
(a) at the time of whose birth-
(i) neither of his or her parents and none of his or her grandparents had diplomatic status in
Uganda; and
(ii) neither of his or her parents and none of his or her grandparents was a refugee in Uganda;
and
(b) who has lived continuously in Uganda since the ninth day of October, 1962. shall, on
application, be entitled to be registered as a citizen of Uganda-
(2) The following persons shall, upon application be registered as citizens of Uganda-
(a) every person married to a Uganda citizen upon proof of a legal and subsisting marriage of
three years or such other period prescribed by Parliament:
(b) every person who has legally and voluntarily migrated to and has been living in Uganda for at
least ten years or such other period prescribed by Parliament;
(c) every person who, on the commencement of this Constitution, has lived in Uganda for at least
twenty years.
(3) Paragraph (a) of clause (2) of this article applies also to a person who was married to a citizen
of Uganda who, but for his or her death, would have continued to be a citizen of Uganda under
this Constitution.
(4) Where a person has been registered as a citizen of Uganda under paragraph (a) of
clause(2)of this article and the marriage by virtue of which that person was registered is-
(a) annulled or otherwise declared void by a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction; or
(b) dissolved, that person shall, unless he or she renounces that citizenship, continue to be a
citizen of Uganda.

Article 13 Citizenship by naturalisation

Parliament shall by law provide for the acquisition and loss of citizenship by naturalisation.
Loss of citizenship by registration

Article 14
A person may be deprived of his or her citizenship if acquired by registration, on any of the
following grounds-
(a) voluntary acquisition of the citizenship of another country;
(b) voluntary service in the armed forces or security forces of a country hostile to, or at war with
Uganda;
(c) acquisition of Uganda citizenship by fraud, deceit, bribery, or having made intentional and
deliberate false statements in his or her application for citizenship; and
(d) espionage against Uganda.

Article 15 Prohibition of dual citizenship

(1) Subject to this article, a Uganda citizen shall not hold the another country concurrently with his
or her Uganda citizenship.
(2) A citizen of Uganda shall cease forthwith to be a citizen of Uganda if, on attaining the age of
eighteen years he or she, by voluntary act other than marriage acquires or retains the citizenship
of a country other than Uganda.
(3) A person who-
(a) becomes a citizen of Uganda by registration; and
(b) upon becoming a citizen of Uganda, is also a citizen of another country, shall cease to be a
citizen of Uganda unless he or she has-
(i) renounced his or her citizenship of that other country;
(ii) taken the oath of allegiance specified in the Fourth Schedule to this Constitution;
(iii) made and registered such declaration of his or her intentions concerning residence as may be
prescribed by law; or.
(iv) obtained an extension of time for taking those steps and the extended period has not
expired.
(4) A Uganda citizen who loses his or her Uganda citizenship as a result of the acquisition or
possession of the citizenship of another country shall, on the renunciation of his or her citizenship
of that other country, become a citizen of Uganda.
(5) Where the law of a country other than Uganda, requires a person who marries a citizen of that
country to renounce the citizenship of his or her own country by virtue of that marriage, a citizen
of Uganda who is deprived of his or her citizenship by virtue of that marriage shall, on the
dissolution of that marriage, if he or she thereby loses his or her citizenship acquired by that
marriage, become a citizen of Uganda.

Article 16 National Citizenship and Immigration Board

(1) There shall be a National Citizenship and Immigration Board.
(2) The Board shall consist of a Chairperson and not less than four other persons, each of whom
shall be of high moral character and proven integrity, appointed by the President with the
approval of Parliament.
(3) The functions of the Board shall be prescribed by Parliament and shall include-
(a) registering and issuing national identity cards to citizens;
(b) issuing Uganda passports and other travel documents;
(c) granting and cancelling citizenship by registration and naturalisation;
(d) granting and cancelling immigration permits; and
(e) registering and issuing identity cards to aliens.
(4) The functions of the Board set out in paragraphs (a), (b) and (d) of clause (3)

Article 17 Duties of a citizen

(1) It is the duty of every citizen of Uganda-
(a) to respect the national anthem, flag, coat of arms and currency;
(b) to respect the rights and freedoms of others;
(c) to protect children and vulnerable persons against any form of abuse, harassment or ill-
treatment;
(d) to protect and preserve public property;
(e) to defend Uganda and to render national service when necessary;
(f) to co-operate with lawful agencies in the maintenance of law and order;
(g) to pay taxes;
(h) to register for electoral and other lawful purposes;
(i) to combat corruption and misuse or wastage of public property; and
(j) to create and protect a clean and healthy environment.
(2) It is the duty of all able-bodied citizens to undergo military training for the defence of this
Constitution and the protection of the territorial integrity of Uganda whenever called upon to do
so; and the State shall ensure that facilities are available for such training.

Article 18 Registration of births, marriages and deaths

The State shall register every birth, marriage and death occurring in Uganda.

Article 19 Citizenship of parent dying before birth of person

(1) A reference in this Chapter to the citizenship of the parent of a person at the time of the birth
of that person shall, in relation to a person born after the death of parent, be construed as a
reference to the citizenship of the parent at the time of the parent's death.
(2) For the purposes of clause (1) of this article, where the death occurred before the coming into
force of this Constitution, the citizenship that the parent would have had if he or she had died on
the coming into force of this Constitution. shall be taken to be his or her citizenship at the time of
his or her death.

CHAPTER 4- HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Article 20 Fundamental and other human rights and freedoms

20. (1) Fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual are inherent and not granted by the
State.
(2) The rights and freedoms of the individual and groups enshrined in this Chapter shall be
respected, upheld and promoted by all organs and agencies of Government and by all persons.

Article 21 Equality and freedom from discrimination

(1) All persons are equal before and under the law in all spheres of political, economic, social and
cultural life and in every other respect and shall enjoy equal protection of the law.
(2) Without prejudice to clause (1) of this article, a person shall not be discriminated against on
the ground of sex, race, colour, ethnic origin, tribe, birth, creed or religion, or social or economic
standing, political opinion or disability.
(3) For the purposes of this article, "discriminate" means to give different treatment to different
persons attributable only or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, colour, ethnic
origin, tribe, birth, creed or religion, or social or economic standing, political opinion or disability.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from enacting laws that are necessary for-
(a) implementing policies and programmes aimed at redressing social, economic or educational
or other imbalance in society; or
(b) making such provision as is required or authorised to be made under this Constitution; or
(c) providing for any matter acceptable and demonstrably justified in a free and democratic
society.
(5) Nothing shall be taken to be inconsistent with this article which is allowed to be done under
any provision of this Constitution.

Article 22 Protection of right to life

(1) No person shall be deprived of life intentionally except in execution of a sentence passed in a
fair trial by a court of competent jurisdiction in respect of a criminal offence under the laws of
Uganda and the conviction and sentence have been confirmed by the highest appellate court.
(2) No person has the right to terminate the life of an unborn child except as may be authorised
by law.

Article 23 Protection of personal liberty

(1) No person shall be deprived of personal liberty except in any of the follow
(a) in execution of the sentence or order of a court, whether established for Uganda or another
country or of an international court or tribunal in respect of a criminal offence of which that person
has been convicted; or of an order of a court punishing the person for contempt of court;
(b) in execution of the order of a court made to secure the fulfillment of any obligation imposed on
that person by law;
(c) for the purpose of bringing that person before a court in execution of the order of a count or
upon reasonable suspicion that that person has committed or is about to commit a criminal
offence under the laws of Uganda; fd) for the purpose of preventing the spread of an infectious or
contagious disease;
(e) in the case of a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years, for the purpose of the
education or welfare of that person;
(f) in the case of a person who is, or is reasonably suspected to be, of unsound mind or addicted
to drugs or alcohol, for the purpose of the care or treatment of that person or the protection of the
community;
(g) for the purpose of preventing the unlawful entry of that person into Uganda, or for the purpose
of effecting the expulsion, extradition or other lawful removal of that person from Uganda or for
the purpose of restricting that person while being conveyed through Uganda in the course of the
extradition or removal of that person as a convicted prisoner from one country to another; or
(h) as may be authorised by law, in any other circumstances similar to any of the cases specified
in paragraphs (a) to (g) of this clause.
(2) A person arrested, restricted or detained shall be kept in a place authorised by
(3) A person arrested, restricted or detained shall be informed immediately, in a language that the
person understands, of the reasons for the arrest, restriction or detention and of his or her right to
a lawyer of his or her choice.
(4) A person arrested or detained-
(a) the purpose of bringing him or her before a court in execution of an order of a court; or
(b) upon reasonable suspicion of his or her having committed or being about to commit a criminal
offence under the laws of Uganda, shall, if not earlier released, be brought to court as soon as
possible but in any case not later than forty-eight hours from the time of his or her arrest.
(5) Where a person is restricted or detained-
(a) the next-of-kin of that person shall, at the request of that person, be informed as soon as
practicable of the restriction or detention;
(b) the next-of-kin, lawyer and personal doctor of that person shall be allowed reasonable access
to that person; and
(c) that person shall be allowed access to medical treatment including, at the request and at the
cost of that person, access to private medical treatment.
(6) Where a person is arrested in respect of a criminal offence-
(a) the person is entitled to apply to the court to be released on bail and the court may grant that
person bail on such conditions as the court considers reasonable:
(b) in the case of an offence which is triable by the High Court as well as by a subordinate court,
the person shall be released on bail on such conditions as the court considers reasonable, if that
person has been remanded in custody in respect of the offence before trial for one hundred and
twenty days;
(c) in the case of an offence triable only by the High Court the person shall be released on bail on
such conditions as the Court considers reasonable, if the person has been remanded in custody
for three hundred and sixty days before the case is committed to the High Court.
(7) A person unlawfully arrested. restricted or detained by any other person or authority, shall be
entitled to compensation from that other person or authority whether it is the State or an agency
of the State or other person or authority.
(8) Where a person is convicted and sentenced to a term of imprisonment for an offence, any
period he or she spends in lawful custody in respect of the offence before the completion of his or
her trial shall be taken into account in imposing the term of imprisonment.
(9) The right to an order of habeas corpus shall be inviolable and shall not be suspended.

Article 24 Respect for human dignity and protection from inhuman treatment
No person shall be subjected to any form of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment.

Article 25 Protection from slavery, servitude and forced labour

(1) No person shall be held in slavery or servitude.
(2) No person shall be required to perform forced labour.
(3) For the purposes of this article, "forced labour" does not include-
(a) any labour required in consequence of the sentence or order of a court;
(b) any labour required of any person while that person is lawfully detained which, though not
required in consequence of the sentence or order of a court, is reasonably necessary in the
interests of hygiene or for the maintenance of the place at which the person is detained;
(c) any labour required of a member of a disciplined force as part of that member's duties as such
or, in the case of a person who has conscientious objections to service as a member of a naval,
military or air force. any labour which that person is required by law to perform in place of that
service;
(d) any labour required during any period when Uganda is at war or in case of any emergency or
calamity which threatens the life and well-being of the community, to the extent that the requiring
of the labour is reasonably justifiable in the circumstances of any situation arising or existing
during the period or as a result of the emergency or calamity, for the purpose of dealing with that
situation; or
(e) any labour reasonably required as part of reasonable and normal communal or other civic
obligations.

Article 26 Protection from deprivation of property

(1) Every person has a right to own property either individually or in association with others.
(2) No person shall be compulsorily deprived of property or any interest in or right over property of
any description except where the following conditions are satisfied-
(a) the taking of possession or acquisition is necessary for public use or in the interest of defence,
public safety, public order, public morality or public health; and
(b) the compulsory taking of possession or acquisition of property is made under a law which
makes provision for-
(i) prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation. prior to the taking of possession or
acquisition of the property; and
(ii) a right of access to a court of law by any person who has an interest or right over the property.

Article 27 Right to privacy of person, home and other property

(1) No person shall be subjected to-
(a) unlawful search of the person, home or other property of that person;
(b) unlawful entry by others of the premises of that person. property.
(2) No person shall be subjected to interference with the privacy of that person's home,
correspondence, communication or other property.

Article 28
(1) In the determination of civil rights and obligations or any criminal charge, a person shall be
entitled to a fair, speedy and public hearing before an independent and impartial court or tribunal
established by law.
(2) Nothing in clause (l) of this article shall prevent the court or tribunal from excluding the press
or the public from all or any proceedings before it for reasons of morality, public order or national
security, as may be necessary in a free and democratic society.
(3) Every person who is charged with a criminal offence shall-
(a) be presumed to be innocent until proved guilty or until that person has pleaded guilty;
(b) be informed immediately, in a language that the person understands of the nature of the
offence;
(c) be given adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his or her defence:
(d) be permitted to appear before the court in person or at that person's own expense, by a
lawyer of his or her choice;
(e) in the case of any offence which carries a sentence of death or imprisonment for life, be
entitled to legal representation at the expense of the State;
(f) be afforded, without payment by that person, the assistance of an interpreter if that person
cannot understand the language used at the trial:
(g) be afforded facilities to examine witnesses and to obtain the attendance of other witnesses
before the court.
(4) Nothing done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with-
(a) paragraph (a) of clause (3) of this article, to the extent that the law in question imposes upon
any person charged with a criminal offence, the burden of proving particular facts;
(b) paragraph (g) of clause (3) of this article, to the extent that the law imposes conditions that
must be satisfied if witnesses called to testify on behalf of an accused are to be paid their
expenses out of public funds.
(5) Except with his or her consent. the trial of any person shall not take place in the absence of
that person unless the person so conducts himself or herself as to render the continuance of the
proceedings in the presence of that person impracticable and the court makes an order for the
person to be removed and the trial to proceed in absence of that person.
(6) A person tried for any criminal offence, or any person authorised by him or her, shall, after the
judgment in respect of that offence, be entitled to a copy of the proceedings upon payment of a
fee prescribed by law.
(7) No person shall be charged with or convicted of a criminal offence which is founded on an act
or omission that did not at the time it took place constitute a criminal offence.
(8) No penalty shall be imposed for a criminal offence that is severer in degree or description than
the maximum penalty that could have been imposed for that offence at the time when it was
committed.
(9) A person who shows that he or she has been tried by a competent court for a criminal offence
and convicted or acquitted of that offence, shall not again be tried for the offence or for any other
criminal offence of which he or she could have been convicted at the trial for that offence, except
upon the order of a superior court in the course of appeal or review proceedings relating to the
conviction or acquittal
(10) No person shall be tried for a criminal offence if the person shows that he or she has been
pardoned in respect of that offence.
(11) Where a person is being tried for a criminal offence, neither that person nor the spouse of
that person shall be compelled to give evidence against that person.
(12) Except for contempt of court, no person shall be convicted of a criminal offence unless the
offence is defined and the penalty for it prescribed by law.

Article 29 Protection of freedom of co-science, expression, movement, religion, assembly

and association
(1) Every person shall have the right to-
(a) freedom of speech and expression, which shall include freedom of the press and other media;
(b) freedom of thought, conscience and belief which shall include academic freedom in
institutions of learning;
(c) freedom to practice any religion and manifest such practice which shall include the right to
belong to and participate in the practices of any religious body or organisation in a manner
consistent with this Constitution;
(d) freedom to assemble and to demonstrate together with others peacefully and unarmed and to
petition; and
(e) freedom of association which shall include the freedom to form and join associations or
unions, including trade unions and political and other civic organisations.
(2) Every Ugandan shall have the right-
(a) to move freely throughout Uganda and to reside and settle in any part of Uganda;
(b) to enter, leave and return to, Uganda; and
(c) to a passport or other travel document.

Article 30 Right to education

All persons have a right to education.

Article 31 Rights of the family

(1) Men and women of the age of eighteen years and above, have the right to marry and to found
a family and are entitled to equal rights in marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Parliament shall make appropriate laws for the protection of the rights of widows and
widowers to inherit the property of their deceased spouses and to enjoy parental rights over their
children.
(3) Marriage shall be entered into with the free consent of the man and woman intending to
marry.
(4) It is the right and duty of parents to care for and bring up their children.
(5) Children may not be separated from their families or the persons entitled to bring them up
against the will of their families or of those persons, except in accordance with the law.
Affirmative action in favour of marginalised groups.
Article 32
(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the State shall take affirmative action in favour
of groups marginalised on the basis of gender, age, disability or any other reason created by
history, tradition or custom, for the purpose of redressing imbalances which exist against them.
(2) Parliament shall make relevant laws, including laws for the establishment of an equal
opportunities commission, for the purpose of giving full effect to clause (1) of this article.

Article 33 Rights of women

(1) Women shall be accorded full and equal dignity of the person with men.
(2) The State shall provide the facilities and opportunities necessary to enhance the welfare of
women to enable them to realise their full potential and advancement.
(3) The State shall protect women and their rights, taking into account their unique status and
natural maternal functions in society.
(4) Women shall have the right to equal treatment with men and that right shall include equal
opportunities in political, economic and social activities.
(5) Without prejudice to article 32 of this Constitution, women shall have the right to affirmative
action for the purpose of redressing the imbalances created by history, tradition or custom.
(6) Laws, cultures, customs or traditions which are against the dignity, welfare or interest of
women or which undermine their status. are prohibited by this Constitution.

Article 34 Rights of children

(1) Subject to laws enacted in their best interests, children shall have the right to know and be
cared for by their parents or those entitled by law to bring them up.
(2) A child is entitled to basic education which shall be the responsibility of the State and the
parents of the child.
(3) No child shall be deprived by any person of medical treatment, education or any other social
or economic benefit by reason of religious or other beliefs.
(4) Children are entitled to be protected from social or economic exploitation and shall not be
employed in or required to perform work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with their
education or to be harmful to their health or physical. mental spiritual, moral or social
development.
(5) For the purposes of clause (4) of this article, children shall be persons under the age of
sixteen years.
(6) A child offender who is kept in lawful custody or detention shall be kept separately from adult
offenders.
(7) The law shall accord special protection to orphans and other vulnerable children.

Article 35 Rights of persons with disabilities

(1) Persons with disabilities have a right to respect and human dignity and the State and society
shall take appropriate measures to ensure that they realise their full mental and physical
potential.
(2) Parliament shall enact laws appropriate for the protection of persons with disabilities.

Article 36 Protection of minorities

Minorities have a right to participate in decision-making processes and their views and interests
shall be taken into account in the making of national plans and programmes.

Article 37 Right to culture and similar rights

Every person has a right as applicable, to belong to, enjoy, practise, profess, maintain and
promote any culture, cultural institution, language, tradition, creed or religion in community with
others.

Article 38 Civic rights and activities

(1) Every Uganda citizen has the right to participate in the affairs of government, individually or
through his or her representatives in accordance with law.
(2) Every Ugandan has a right to participate in peaceful activities to influence the policies of
government through civic organisations.

Article 39 Right to a clean and healthy environment

Every Ugandan has a right to a clean and healthy environment.

Article 40 Economic rights

(1) Parliament shall enact laws-
(a) to provide for the right of persons to work under satisfactory. safe and healthy conditions;
(b) to ensure equal payment for equal work without discrimination: and
(c) to ensure that every worker is accorded rest and reasonable working hours and periods of
holidays with pay, as well as remuneration for public holidays.
(2) Every person in Uganda has the right to practice his or her profession and to carry on any
lawful occupation, trade or business.
(3) Every worker has a right-
(a) to form or join a trade union of his or her choice for the promotion and protection of his or her
economic and social interests;
(b) to collective bargaining and representation; and
(c) to withdraw his or her labour according to law.
(4) The employer of every woman worker shall accord her protection during pregnancy and after
birth, in accordance with the law.

Article 41 Right of access to information

(1) Every citizen has a right of access to information in the possession of the State or any other
organ or agency of the State except where the release of the information is likely to prejudice the
security or sovereignty of the State or interfere with the right to the privacy of any other person.
(2) Parliament shall make laws prescribing the classes of information referred to in clause (1) of
this article and the procedure for obtaining access to that information.

Article 42 Right to just and fair treatment in administrative decisions

Any person appearing before any administrative official or body has a right to be treated justly
and fairly and shall have a right to apply to a court of law in respect of any administrative decision
taken against him or her.

Article 43 General limitation on fundamental and other human rights and freedoms
(1) In the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms prescribed in this Chapter, no person shall
prejudice the fundamental or other human rights and freedoms of others or the public interest.
(2) Public interest under this article shall not permit-
(a) political persecution;
(b) detention without trial;
(c) any limitation of the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms prescribed by this Chapter beyond
what is acceptable and demonstrably justifiable in a free and democratic society, or what is
provided in this Constitution.

Article 44 Prohibition of derogation from particular human rights and freedoms

Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, there shall be no derogation from enjoyment of the
following rights and freedoms-
(a) freedom from torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
(b) freedom from slavery or servitude;
(c) the right to fair hearing;
(d) the right to an order of habeas corpus.

Article 45 Human rights and freedoms additional to other rights

The rights, duties, declarations and guarantees relating to the fundamental and Human other
human rights and freedoms specifically mentioned in this Chapter shall not be regarded as
excluding others not specifically mentioned.
Article 46 Human Rights and Freedoms During a State of Emergency
(1) An Act of Parliament shall not be taken to contravene the rights and freedoms guaranteed in
this Chapter, if that Act authorises the taking of measures that are reasonably justifiable for
dealing with a state of emergency.
(2) The provisions of any enactment other than an Act of Parliament dealing with a state of
emergency declared under this Constitution shall apply only to that part of Uganda where the
emergency exists.
(3) Without prejudice to clause (1) of this article, an Act enacted in accordance with that clause
may make provision for the detention of persons where necessary for the purposes of dealing
with the emergency.

Article 47 Detention under emergency laws

Where a person is restricted or detained under a law made for the purpose of a emergency state
of emergency, the following provisions shall apply-
(a) he or she shall. within twenty-four hours after the commencement of the restriction or
detention, be furnished with a statement in writing specifying the grounds upon which he or she is
restricted or detained;
(b) the spouse or next-of-kin of or other person named by the person restricted or detained shall
be informed of the restriction or detention and allowed access to the person within seventy-two
hours after the commencement of the restriction or detention;
(c) not more than thirty days after the commencement of his or her restriction or detention, a
notification shall be published in the Gazette and in the media stating that he or she has been
restricted or detained and giving particulars of the provisions of the law under which his or her
restriction or detention is authorised and the grounds of his or her restriction or detention.

Article 48 Review by Uganda Human Rights Commission

(1) The Uganda Human Rights Commission shall review the case of a person who is restricted or
detained and to whom article 47 of this Constitution applies, not later than twenty-one days after
the commencement of the restriction or detention, and after that, at intervals of not more than
thirty days.
(2) A person who is restricted or detained shall be permitted and afforded every possible facility-
(a) to consult a lawyer of his or her choice or any group of persons who shall be permitted to
make representations to the Uganda Human Rights Commission for the review of his or her case;
(b) to appear in person or by a lawyer of his or her choice at the hearing or review of his or her
case.
(3) On a review of the case, the Uganda Human Rights Commission may order the release of that
person, or uphold the grounds of the restriction or detention.

Article 49 Report to Parliament

(1) in every month in which there is a sitting of Parliament, the Minister responsible shall make a
report to Parliament in respect of-
(a) the number of persons restricted or detained under the state of emergency; and
(b) the action taken in compliance with the findings of the Human Rights Commission.
(2) The Minister responsible shall publish every month in the Gazette and in the Media-
(a) the number and names and addresses of the persons restricted or detained;
(b) the number of cases reviewed by the Uganda Human Rights Commission; and
(c) the action taken in compliance with the findings of the Uganda Human Rights Commission.
(3) For the avoidance of doubt, it is declared that at the end of the emergency declared under this
Constitution, any person in or under restriction, detention or custody as a result of the declaration
of emergency, shall be released immediately, unless charged with a criminal offence in a court of
law.
Article 50 Enforcement of Rights and Freedoms by Courts
(1) Any person who claims that a fundamental or freedom guaranteed under this Constitution has
been infringed or threatened, is entitled to apply to a rights and competent court for redress which
may include compensation.
(2) Any person or organisation may bring an action against the violation of another person's or
group's human rights.
(3) Any person aggrieved by any decision of the court may appeal to the appropriate court.
(4) Parliament shall make laws for the enforcement of the rights and freedoms under this
Chapter.

Article 51 Uganda Human Rights Commission

(1) There shall be a Commission called the Uganda Human Rights Commission.
(2) The Commission shall be composed of a Chairperson and not less than three other persons
appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament.
(3) The Chairperson of the Commission shall be a Judge of the High Court or a person qualified
to hold that office.
(4) The Chairperson and members of the commission shall be persons of high moral character
and proven integrity and shall serve for a period of six years and be eligible for re-appointment.

Article 52 Functions of Human Rights Commission

(1) The Commission shall have the following functions of Human
(a) to investigate, at its own initiative or on a complaint made by any person or group of persons
against the violation of any human right;
(b) to visit jails, prisons, and places of detention or related facilities with a view to assessing and
inspecting conditions of the inmates and make recommendations;
(c) to establish a continuing programme of research, education and information to enhance
respect of human rights;
(d) to recommend to Parliament effective measures to promote human rights. including provision
of compensation to victims of violations of human rights, or their families;
(e) to create and sustain within society the awareness of the provisions of this Constitution as the
fundamental law of the people of Uganda;
(f) to educate and encourage the public to defend this Constitution at all times against all forms of
abuse and violation.
(g) to formulate, implement and oversee programmes intended to inculcate in the citizens of
Uganda awareness of their civic responsibilities and an appreciation of their rights and obligations
as free people;
(h) to monitor the Government's compliance with international treaty and convention obligations
on human rights; and
(i) to perform such other functions as may be provided by law.
(2) The Uganda Human Rights Commission shall publish periodical reports on its findings and
submit annual reports to Parliament on the state of human rights and freedoms in the country.
(3) In the performance of its functions, the Uganda Human Rights Commission shall-
(a) establish its operational guidelines and rules of procedure;
(b) request the assistance of any department, bureau, office, agency or person in the
performance of its functions; and
(c) observe the rules of natural justice.

Article 53 Powers of the Commission

(1) In the performance of its functions, the Commission shall have the powers of a court-
(a) to issue summons or other orders requiring the attendance of any person before the
Commission and the production of any document or record relevant to any investigation by the
Commission;
(b) to question any person in respect of any subject matter under investigation before the
commission;
(c) to require any person to disclose any information within his or her knowledge relevant to any
investigation by the Commission.
(d) to commit persons for contempt of its orders
(2) The Commission may, if satisfied that there has been an infringement of a human right or
freedom order-
(a) the release of a detained or restricted person;
(b) payment of compensation; or
(c) any other legal remedy or redress.
(3) A person or authority dissatisfied with an order made by the Commission under clause (') of
this article, has a right to appeal to the High Court.
(4) The Commission shall not investigate-
(a) any matter which is pending before a court or judicial tribunal; or
(b) a matter involving the relations or dealings between the Government and the Government of
any foreign State or international organisation; or
(c) a matter relating to the exercise of the prerogative of mercy

Article 54 Independence of the Commission

Subject to this Constitution, the Commission shall be independent and shall not, in the
performance of its duties, be subject to the direction or control of any person or control authority.

Article 55
(1) The Commission shall be self-accounting and all the administrative expenses including
salaries, allowances and pensions payable to persons serving with the Commission shall be
charged on the Consolidated Fund.
(2) The Chairperson and other members of the Commission shall be paid such salaries and
allowances as Parliament may prescribe.

Article 56 Removal of Commissioners

The provisions of this Constitution relating to the removal of a Judge of the High Removal of
Court from office shall, with the necessary modifications, apply to the removal from office of a
member of the Commission.

Article 57 Staff of Commission

The appointment of the officers and other employees of the Commission shall be Staff of made
by the Commission in consultation with the Public Service Commission.

Article 58 Parliament to make laws regarding functions of Commission

Parliament may make laws to regulate and facilitate the performance of the functions of the
Uganda Human Rights Commission.

CHAPTER 5- REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE

Article 59
(1) Every citizen of Uganda of eighteen years of age or above, has a right to vote.
(2) It is the duty of every citizen of Uganda of eighteen years of age or above, to register as a
voter for public elections and referenda.
(3) The State shall take all necessary steps to ensure that all citizens qualified to vote, register
and exercise their right to vote.
(4) Parliament shall make laws to provide for the facili-tation of citizens with disabilities to register
and vote.

Article 60
(1) There shall be an Electoral Commission which shall consist of a Chairperson, a Deputy
Chairperson and five other members, appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament.
(2) Members of, the, Commission shall be persons of high moral character, proven integrity and
who possess considerable experience and demonstrated competence in the conduct of public
affairs.
(3) The members of the Commission shall hold office for seven years and their appointment may
be renewed for one more term only.
(4) If the appointment of a member of the Commission is being renewed, the renewal shall be
done at least three months before the expiry of the first term.
(5) A person holding any of the following offices shall relinquish his or her position in that office on
appointment as a member of the Commission -
(a) a member of Parliament; or
(b) a member of a local government council; or
(c) a member of the executive of a political party or political organisation; or
(d) a public officer.
(6) Members of the Commission shall be paid such emoluments as Parliament may determine.
(7) If a member of the Commission is absent or dies, the President shall, with the approval of
Parliament, appoint a person -qualified in terms of this article to act in his or her place until that
person is able again to resume his or her duties or as the case may be, until a new person is
appointed to fill the vacancy.
(8) A member of the Commission may be removed from office by the President only for
(a) inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising out of physical or mental incapacity;
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence.

Article 61
The Electoral Commission shall have the following functions -
(a) to ensure that regular, free and fair elections are held;
(b) to organise, conduct and supervise elections and refe-renda in accordance with this
Constitution;
(c) to demarcate constituencies in. accordance with the provisions of this Constitution;
(d) to ascertain, publish and declare in writing under its seal the results of the elections and
referenda;
(e) to compile, maintain, revise and update the voters' register;
(f) to hear and determine election complaints arising before and during polling;
(g) to formulate and implement civic educational pro-grammes relating to elections; and
(h) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed by Parliament by law.

Article 62
Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Commission shall be independent and shall, in
the performance of its functions, not be subject to the direction or control of any person or
authority.

Article 63
(1) Subject to clauses (2) and (3) of this article, Uganda shall be divided into as many
constituencies for the purpose of election of members of Parliament as Parliament may prescribe;
and each constituency shall be represented by one member of Parliament.
(2) When demarcating constituencies for the purposes of clause (1) of this article, the Electoral
Commission shall ensure that each county, as approved by Parliament, has at least one member
of Parliament; except that no constituency shall fall within more than one county.
(3) Subject to clause (2) of this article, the boundary of a constituency shall be such that the
number of inhabitants in the constituency is, as nearly as possible, equal to the population quota.
(4) For the purposes of clause (3) of this article, the number of inhabitants of a constituency may
be greater or less than the pop-ulation quota in order to take account of means of communication,
geographical features, density of population, area and boundaries of districts.
(5) Subject to clause (1) of this article, the Commission shall review the division of Uganda into
constituencies within twelve months after the publication of results of a census of the population
of Uganda and may as a result re demarcate the constituencies.
(6) Where the boundary of a constituency established under this article is altered as a result of a
review, the alteration shall come into effect upon the next dissolution of Parliament.
(7) For the purposes of this article, “population quota” means the number obtained by dividing the
number of inhabitants of Uganda by the number of constituencies into which Uganda is to be
divided under this article.

Article 64
(1) Any person aggrieved by a decision of the Electoral Commission in respect of any of the
complaints referred to in paragraph (f) of article 61 of this Constitution, may appeal to the High
Court.
(2) A person aggrieved by a decision of the Commission in respect of a demarcation of a
boundary may appeal to a tribunal consisting of three persons appointed by the Chief Justice;
and the Commission shall give effect to the decision of the tribunal.
(3) A person aggrieved by a decision of the tribunal made under clause (2) of this article, may
appeal to the High Court.
(4) A decision of the High Court on an appeal under clause (1) or clause (3) of this article shall be
final.
(5) Parliament shall make laws providing for procedure for the expeditious disposal of appeals
referred to in this article.

Article 65
The appointment of officers and employees of the Electoral Commission shall be made by the
Commission acting in consultation with the Public Service Commission.

Article 66
(1) Parliament shall ensure that adequate resources and facilities are provided to the Commission
to enable it to perform its functions effectively.
(2) The Commission shall be a self-accounting institution and shall deal directly with the Ministry
responsible for finance on matters relating to its finances.
(3) The administrative expenses of the Commission, including salaries, allowances and pensions
payable to or in respect of persons serving with the Commission, shall be charged on the
Consolidated Fund.

Article 67
(1) The Electoral Commission shall ensure that elections are held at times fixed and notified in
advance to the public.
(2) No candidate in an election shall be denied reasonable access, and use of State-owned
communication media.
(3) All presidential candidates shall be given equal time and space on the State-owned, media to
present their programmes to the people.
(4) Parliament shall make laws, regulating the use of pub-lic resources and institutions during
election campaigns.

Article 68
(1) At a public election or referendum, voting shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution,
be by secret ballot using one ballot box at each polling station for all candidates in an election and
for all sides in a referendum.
(2) Immediately after the close of the poll, the presiding officer shall proceed to count at the
polling station, the ballot papers of that station and record the votes cast in favour of each
candidate or question.
(3) A candidate is entitled to be present in person or through his or her representatives or polling
agents at the polling station throughout the period of voting, counting of the votes and
ascertaining of he results of the poll.
(4) The presiding officer, the candidates or their repre-sentatives and in the case of a referendum,
the sides contesting or their agents, if any, shall sign and retain a copy of a declaration stating -
(a) the polling station;
(b) the number of votes cast in favour of each candidate or question;
and the presiding officer shall there and then, announce the results of the voting at that polling
station before communicating them to the returning officer.
(5) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, an issue for determination by a referendum shall
be taken to be determined by a majority of the votes cast at the referendum.

Article 69
(1) The people of Uganda shall have the right to choose and adopt a political system of their
choice through free and fair elections or referenda.
(2) The political systems referred to in clause (1) of this article shall include -
(a) the movement political system;
(b) the multi-party political system; and
(c) any other democratic and representative political system.

Article 70
(1) The movement political, system is broad based, inclusive and non partisan and shall
conform, to the following principles -
(a) participatory democracy;
(b) democracy, accountability and transparency;
(c) accessibility to all positions of leadership by all citizens;
(d) individual merit as a basis for election to political offices
(2) Parliament may –
(a) create organs under the movement political system and define their roles; and
(b) prescribe from time to time, any other democratic principle of the movement political system,
as it may consider necessary.

Article 71
A political party in the multi-party political system shall conform to the following principles -
(a) every political party shall have a national character;
(b) membership of a political party shall not be based on sex, ethnicity, religion, or other sectional
division;
(c) the internal organization of a political party shall conform to the democratic principles
enshrined in this Constitution;
(d) members of the national organs of a political party shall be regularly elected from citizens of
Uganda in conformity with the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this article and with due
consideration for gender;
(e) political parties shall be required by law to account for the sources and use of their funds and
assets;
(f) no person shall be compelled to join a particular party be virtue of belonging to an organization
or interest group

Article 72
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the right to form political parties and any other
political organisations is guaranteed.
(2) An organisation shall not operate as a political party or organisation unless it conforms to the
principles laid down in this Constitution and it is registered.
(3) Parliament shall by law regulate the financing and functioning of political organisations.

Article 73
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, but Regulations notwithstanding the provisions of
paragraph (e) of clause (1) of article 29 and article 43 of this Constitution, during the period when
any of the political systems provided for in this Constitution has been adopted, organisations
subscribing to other political systems may exist subject to such regulations as Parliament shall
law prescribe.
(2) Regulations prescribed under this article shall not exceed what is necessary for enabling the
political system adopt-ed to operate.
Article 74
(1) A referendum shall be held for the purpose of changing the political system -
(a) if requested by a resolution supported by more than half of all members of Parliament; or
(b) if requested by a resolution supported by the majority of the total membership of each of at
least one half of all district councils; or
(c) if requested through a petition to the Electoral Commission by at least one-tenth of the
registered voters from each of at least two thirds of the con-stituencies for which representatives
are required to be directly elected under paragraph (a) of clause (1) of article 78 of this
Constitution.
(2) The political system may also be changed by the elected representatives of the people in
Parliament and district councils by resolution of Parliament supported by not less than two thirds
of all members of Parliament upon a petition to it sup-ported by not less than two thirds majority
of the total membership of each of at least half of all district councils.
(3) The resolutions or petitions for the purposes of chang-ing the political system shall be taken
only in the fourth year of the term of any Parliament.

Article 75
Parliament shall have no power to enact a law establishing a one-party state.

Article 76 General
Parliament may, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, enact such laws as may be
necessary for the purposes of this Chapter, including laws for the registration of voters, the
conduct of public elections and referenda and, where necessary, making provision for voting by
proxy.

CHAPTER 6- THE LEGISLATURE

Article 77 Establishment, Composition and Functions of Parliament

(1) There shall be a Parliament of Uganda.
(2) The composition and functions of Parliament shall be as prescribed by this Constitution.
(3) The term of Parliament shall be five years from the date of its first sitting after a general
election.
(4) Where there exists a state of war or a state of emergency which would prevent a normal
general election from being held, Parliament may, by resolution supported by not less than two-
thirds of all members of Parliament, extend the life of Parliament for a period not exceeding six
months at a time.

Article 78 Composition of Parliament

(1) Parliament shall consist of-
(a) members directly elected to represent constituencies;
(b) one woman representative for every district
(c) such numbers of representatives of the army, youth, workers, persons with disabilities and
other groups as Parliament may determine; and
(d) the Vice-President and Ministers, who, if not already elected members of Parliament, shall be
ex-official members of Parliament without the right to vote on any issue requiring a vote in
Parliament.
(2) Upon the expiration of a period of ten years after the commencement of this Constitution and
thereafter, every five years, Parliament shall review the representation under paragraphs (b) and
(c) of clause (1) of this article for the purposes of retaining, increasing, or abolishing any such
representation and any other matter incidental to it.
(3) The representatives referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1) of this article shall be elected on
the basis of universal adult suffrage and by secret ballot.
(4) Parliament shall, by law, prescribe the procedure for elections of representatives referred to in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of clause (1) of this article.

Article 79 Functions of Parliament

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament shall have power to make laws on
any matter for the peace, order, development and good governance of Uganda.
(2) Except as provided in this Constitution, no person or body other than Parliament shall have
power to make provisions having the force of law in Uganda except under authority conferred by
an Act of Parliament
(3) Parliament shall protect this Constitution and the democratic governance of Uganda.

Article 80 Qualification and disqualification of members of Parliament

(1) A person is qualified to be a Member of Parliament that person-
(a) is a citizen of Uganda;
(b) is a registered voter; and
(c) has completed a minimum formal education of Advanced Level standard or its equivalent.
(2) A person is not qualified for election as a Member of Parliament if that person-
(a) is of unsound mind;
(b) is holding or acting in an office the functions of which involve a responsibility for or in
connection with the conduct of an election;
(c) is a traditional or cultural leader as defined in clause (12) of article 246 of this Constitution.
(d) has been adjudged or otherwise declared bankrupt under any law in force in Uganda and has
not beer, discharged; or
(e) is under a sentence of death or a sentence of imprisonment exceeding nine months imposed
by any competent court without the option of a fine.
(3) A person elected to Parliament when he or she is a member of a local government council or
holds a public office shall resign the office before assuming the office of Member of Parliament.

Article 81 Election of Members of Parliament

(1) A general election of members of Parliament shall be held within thirty days before the
expiration of the term Parliament.
(2) Whenever a vacancy exists in Parliament, the Clerk to Parliament shall notify the Electoral
Commission in writing within ten days after the vacancy has occurred; and a by-election shall be
held within sixty days after the vacancy has occurred;
(3) Notwithstanding clause (2) of this article, a by-election shall not be held within six months
before the holding a general election of Parliament.
(4) Every person elected to Parliament shall take and subscribe the oath of all twice and the oath
of Member of Parliament specified in the oath schedule to this Constitution.
(5) Except for the purpose of taking the oaths referred to in clause (4) of this article, no person
shall sit or vote in Parliament before taking and subscribing the oaths.

Article 82 Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Parliament

(l) There shall be a Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Parliament.
(2) The Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall be elected by members of Parliament from among
their number.
(3) A person shall not be qualified to be elected a Speaker or Deputy Speaker if he or she is a
Vice-President or a Minister.
(4) Subject to clause (4) of article 81 of this Constitution, no business shall be transacted in
Parliament other than an election to the office of Speaker at any time that office is vacant.
(5) The Chief Justice or a Judge designated by the Chief Justice shall preside at an election of a
Speaker and the Speaker shall preside at an election of the Deputy Speaker.
(6) An election to the office of Deputy Speaker shall be held at the first sitting of Parliament after
that office becomes vacant.
(7) The Speaker or Deputy Speaker shall vacate his or her:-
(a) if he or she is appointed to any public office;
(b) if he or she becomes a Minister;
(c) if he or she resigns his or her office by writing signed by him or her addressed to the Clerk to
Parliament;
(d) if he or she ceases to be a member of Parliament; or
(e) if he or she is removed by resolution of Parliament supported by not less than two-thirds of all
members of Parliament.
(8) The Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall receive such salaries, allowances and gratuities as
may be prescribed by Parliament.
(9) The salaries, allowances and gratuities of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall be charged
on the Consolidated Fund.
(10) The Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall each, before assuming the duties of office take and
subscribe the oath of Speaker or Deputy Speaker specified in the Fourth Schedule to this
Constitution.

Article 83 Tenure of office of members of Parliament

(1) A Member of Parliament shall vacate his or her seat in Tenure of Parliament-
(a) if he or she resigns his or her office in writing signed by him or her and addressed to the
Speaker;
(b) if such circumstances arise that if that person were not a member of Parliament would cause
that person to be disqualified for election as a member of Parliament under article 80 of this
Constitution;
(c) subject to the provisions of this Constitution, upon dissolution of Parliament;
(d) if that person is absent from fifteen sittings of Parliament without permission in writing of the
Speaker during any period when Parliament is continuously meeting and is unable to offer
satisfactory explanation to the relevant Parliamentary Committee for his or her absence;
(e) if that person is found guilty by the appropriate tribunal of violation of the Leadership Code of
Conduct and the punishment imposed is or includes the vacation of the office of a member of
Parliament;
(f) if recalled by the electorate in his or her constituency in accordance with this Constitution;
(g) if that person leaves the political party for which he or she stood as a candidate for election to
Parliament to join another party or to remain in Parliament as an independent member;
(h) if, having been elected to Parliament as an independent candidate, that person joins a political
party;
(i) if that person is appointed a public officer.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraphs (g) and (h) of clause (1) of this article, membership of a coalition
government of which his or her original political party forms part shall not affect the status of any
Member of Parliament.
(3) The provisions of paragraphs (g) and (h) of clause (1) and of clause (2) of this article shall
only apply during any period when the multi-party system of government is in operation.

Article 84 Right of recall

(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the electorate of any constituency and of any interest
group referred to in article 78 of this Constitution have the right to recall their Member of
Parliament before the expiry of the term of Parliament.
(2) A member of Parliament may be recalled from that office on any of the following grounds:-
(a) physical or mental incapacity rendering that member incapable of performing the functions of
the office; or
(b) misconduct or misbehaviour likely to bring hatred, ridicule, contempt or disrepute to the office;
or
(c) persistent deserting of the electorate without reasonable cause.
(3) The recall of a member of Parliament shall be initiated by a petition in writing setting out the
grounds relied on and signed by at least two-thirds of the registered voters of the constituency or
of the interest group referred to in clause (1) of this article, and shall be delivered to the Speaker.
(4) On receipt of the petition referred to in clause (3) of this article, the Speaker shall, within
seven days require the Electoral Commission to conduct a public inquiry into the matters alleged
in the petition and the Electoral Commission shal1 expeditiously conduct the necessary inquiry
and report its findings to the Speaker.
(5) The Speaker shall-
(a) declare the seat vacant, if the Electoral Commission reports that it is satisfied from the inquiry,
with the genuineness of the petition; or
(b) declare immediately that the petition was unjustified, if the Commission reports that it is not
satisfied with the genuineness of the petition.
(6) Subject to the provisions of clause (2), (3), (4) and (5) of this article, Parliament shall, by law
prescribe the procedure to be followed for the recall of a Member of Parliament.

Article 85 Emoluments of Members of Parliament

(1) A Member of Parliament shall be paid such emoluments such gratuity and shall be provided
with such facilities as may determined by Parliament.
(2) A Member of Parliament shall not hold any office of profit or emolument likely to compromise
his or her office.

Article 86 Determination of questions of membership

(1) The High Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine any question whether-
(a) a person has been validly elected a member of Parliament or the seat of a member of
Parliament has become vacant; or
(b) a person has been validly elected as Speaker or Deputy Speaker or having been so elected,
has vacated that office.
(2) A person aggrieved by the determination of the High Court under this article may appeal to the
Court of Appeal.
(3) Parliament shall, by law make provision with respect to-
(a) the persons eligible to apply to the High Court for determination of any question under this
article; and
(b) the circumstances and manner in which and the conditions upon which any such application
may be made.

Article 87 Clerk to parliament and other staff

There shall be a public officer designated Clerk to Parliament appointed by the President in
consultation with the Public Service Commission and such other members of staff as may be
necessary for the efficient discharge of the functions of Parliament.

Article 88 Quorum of Parliament

The quorum of Parliament shall be one-third of all members of Parliament.

Article 89 Voting in Parliament

(1) Except as otherwise prescribed by this Constitution or any law consistent with this
Constitution, any question proposed for decision of Parliament shall be determined by a majority
of votes of the members present and voting.
(2) The person presiding in Parliament shall have neither an original nor a casting vote and if on
any question before Parliament the votes are equally divided the motion shall be lost.

Article 90 Committees of Parliament

(1) Parliament shall appoint standing committees and other committees necessary for the efficient
discharge of its functions.
(2) The following shall apply with respect to the composition of the committees of Parliament-
(a) the members of standing committees shall be elected from among members of Parliament
during the first session of Parliament;
(b) the rules of procedure of Parliament shall prescribe the manner in which the members and
chairpersons of the committees are to be elected
(3) The functions of standing committees shall include following-
(a) to discuss and make recommendations on all bills laid before Parliament;
(b) to initiate any bill within their respective areas of competence;
(c) to assess and evaluate activities of Government and other bodies;
(d) to carry out relevant research in their respective fields; and
(e) to report to Parliament on their functions.
(4) In the exercise of their functions under this article, committees of Parliament-
(a) may call any Minister or any person holding public office and private individuals to submit
memoranda or appear before them to give evidence;
(b) may co-opt any member of Parliament or employ qualified persons to assist them in the
discharge of their functions;
(c) shall have the powers of the High Court for-
(i) enforcing the attendance of witnesses and examining them on oath, affirmation or otherwise;
(ii) compelling the production of documents; and
(iii) issuing a commission or request to examine witnesses abroad.

Article 91 Exercise of legislative powers

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the power of Parliament to make laws shall be
exercised through bills passed by Parliament and assented to by the President.
(2) A bill passed by Parliament shall, as soon as possible, be presented to the President for
assent.
(3) The President shall, within thirty days after a bill is presented to him or her-
(a) assent to the bill; or
(b) return the bill to Parliament with a request that the bill or a particular provision of it be
reconsidered by Parliament; or
(c) notify the Speaker in writing that he or she refuses to assent to the bill.
(4) Where a bill has been returned to Parliament under paragraph (b) of clause (3) of this article,
Parliament shall reconsider it and if passed again, it shall be presented for a second time to the
President for assent.
(5) Where the President returns the same bill twice under paragraph (b) of clause (3) of this
article and the bill is passed for the third time, with the support of at least two-thirds of all
members of Parliament, the Speaker shall cause a copy of the bill to be laid before Parliament
and the bill shall become law without the assent of the President.
(6) Where the President-
(a) refuses to assent to a bill under paragraph (c) of clause (3) of this article, Parliament may
reconsider the bill and if passed, the bill shall be presented to the President for assent;
(b) refuses to assent to a bill which has been reconsidered and passed under paragraph (a) of
this clause or under clause (4) of this article, the Speaker shall, upon the refusal, if the bill was so
passed with the support of at least two-thirds of all members of Parliament, cause a copy of the
bill to be laid before Parliament and the bill shall become law without the assent of the President.
(7) Where the President fails to do any of the acts specified in clause (3) of this article within the
period prescribed in that clause, the President shall be taken to have assented to the bill and at
the expiration of that period, the Speaker shall cause a copy of the bill to be laid before
Parliament and the bill shall become law without the assent of the President.
(8) A bill passed by Parliament and assented to by the President or which has otherwise become
law under this article hall be an Act of Parliament and shall be published in the Gazette.

Article 92 Restriction on retrospective legislation

Parliament shall not pass any law to alter the decision or judgment of any court as between the
parties to the decision or on judgment.

Article 93 Restriction on Financial matters

Parliament shall not, unless the bill or the motion is introduced on behalf of the Government-
(a) proceed upon a bill, including an amendment bill, that makes provision for any of the
following-
(i) the imposition of taxation or the alteration of taxation otherwise than by reduction; or
(ii) the imposition of a charge on the Consolidated Fund or other public fund of Uganda or the
alteration of any such charge otherwise than by reduction; or
(iii) the payment, issue or withdrawal from the Consolidated Fund or other public fund of Uganda
of any moneys not charged on that fund or any increase in the amount of that payment, issue or
withdrawal; or
(iv) the composition or remission of any debt due to the Government of Uganda; or
(b) proceed upon a motion, including an amendment to a motion, the effect of which would be to
make provision for any of the purposes specified in paragraph (a) of this article.

Article 94 Rules of Procedure in Parliament

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make rules to regulate its own
procedure including the procedure of its committees.
(2) Parliament may act notwithstanding a vacancy in its membership.
(3) The presence or the participation of a person not entitled to be present or to participate in the
proceedings of Parliament shall not by itself, invalidate those proceedings.
(4) The rules of procedure of Parliament shall include the following provisions-
(a) the Speaker shall determine the order of business in Parliament and shall give priority to
Government business;
(b) a member of Parliament has the right to move a private member's bill;
(c) the member moving the private member's bill shall be afforded reasonable assistance by the
department of Government whose area of operation is affected by the bill; and
(d) the office of the Attorney-General shall afford the member moving the private member's bill
professional assistance in the drafting of the bill.

Article 95 Sessions of Parliament

(1) Where a new Parliament is elected, the President shall, by proclamation, appoint the place
and a date not beyond seven days after the expiry of the term of Parliament or of the extended
period, as the case may be, for the first sitting of the new Parliament.
(2) A session of Parliament shall be held at such place in Uganda and shall commence at such
time as the Speaker by proclamation, appoint.
(3) The Speaker may, after consultation with the President, prorogue Parliament by proclamation.
(4) A session of Parliament shall be held at least once a but the period between one session and
the next following session shall be less than twelve months.
(5) Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, at least one-third of all members of
Parliament may, in writing signed by them, request a meeting of Parliament; and the speaker
shall summon Parliament to meet within twenty-one days after receipt of the request.

Article 96 Dissolution of Parliament

Parliament shall stand dissolved upon the expiration of its term as prescribed by article 77 of this
Constitution.

Article 97
The Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, members of Parliament any other person participating or
assisting in or acting in connection with or reporting the proceedings of Parliament or any of its
committees shall be entitled to such immunities and privileges as Parliament shall by law
prescribe.

CHAPTER 7- THE EXECUTIVE

Article 98 The President of the Republic of Uganda

(1) There shall be a President of Uganda who shall be the Head of State, Head of Government
and Commander-in-Chief of the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces and the Fountain of Honour.
(2) The President shall take precedence over all persons in Uganda, and in descending order, the
vice-President, the Speaker and the Chief Justice, shall take precedence over all other persons in
Uganda.
(3) Before assuming the duties of the office of President, a person elected President shall take
and subscribe the oath of allegiance and the Presidential oath specified in the Fourth Schedule to
this Constitution.
(4) While holding office, the President shall not be liable to proceedings in any court.
(5) Civil or criminal proceedings may be instituted against a person after ceasing to be President,
in respect of anything done or omitted to be done in his or her personal capacity before or during
the term of office of that person; and any period of limitation in respect of any such proceedings
shall not be taken to run during the period while that person was President.

Article 99 Executive authority of Uganda

(1) The executive authority of Uganda is vested in the President and shall be exercised in
accordance with this Constitution and the laws of Uganda.
(2) The President shall execute and maintain this Constitution and all laws made under or
continued in force by this Constitution.
(3) It shall be the duty of the President to abide by, uphold and safeguard this Constitution and
the laws of Uganda and to promote the welfare of the citizens and protect the territorial integrity of
Uganda.
(4) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the functions conferred on the President by
clause (1) of this article may be exercised by the President either directly or through officers
subordinate to the President.
(5) A statutory instrument or other instrument issued by the President or any person authorised
by the President may be authenticated by the signature of a Minister; and the validity of any
instrument so authenticated shall not be called in question on the ground that it is not made,
issued or executed by the President.

Article 100 Notification of absence of the President from Uganda

The President shall, whenever leaving Uganda, notify in writing the vice-President, the Speaker
and the Chief Justice.

Article 101 Presidential addresses

(1) The President shall, at the beginning of each session Presidential of Parliament, deliver to
Parliament an address on the state of the addresses nation.
(2) The President may, also, in consultation with the Speaker, address Parliament from time to
time, on any matter of national importance.

Article 102 Qualifications of President

A person is not qualified for election as President unless that person is -
(a) a citizen of Uganda by birth;
(b) not less than thirty-five years and not more than seventy-five years of age; and
(c) a person qualified to be a member of Parliament.

Article 103 Election of President

(1) The election of the President shall be by universal adult suffrage through a secret ballot.
(2) A person shall not be a candidate in a Presidential election unless-
(a) that person submits to the Electoral Commission on or before the day appointed as
nomination day in relation to the election, a document which is signed by that person nominating
him or her as a candidate; and
(b) the nomination is supported by one hundred voters in each of at least two-thirds of all the
districts in Uganda.
(3) The election of the President shall be held during the first thirty days of the last ninety days
before the expiration of the term of the President, except in the case of-
(a) the first election under this Constitution;
(b) an election held under clause (6) of article 104 of this Constitution;
(c) an election held under clause (2) of article 109 of this Constitution; and
(d) an election necessitated by the fact that a normal Presidential election could not be held as a
result of the existence of a state of war or a state of emergency, in which case, the election shall
be held within such period as Parliament may, by law, prescribe.
(4) A candidate shall not be declared elected as President unless the number of votes cast in
favour of that candidate at the Presidential election is more than fifty percent of valid votes cast at
the election.
(5) Where at a Presidential election no candidate obtains the percentage of votes specified in
clause (4) of this article, a second election shall be held within thirty days after the declaration the
results in which election the two candidates who obtained the highest number of votes shall be
the only candidates.
(6) The candidate who obtains the highest number of votes in an election under clause (5) of this
article shall be declared elected President.
(7) The Electoral Commission shall ascertain, publish and declare in writing under its seal, the
results of the Presidential election within forty-eight hours from the close of polling.
(8) A person elected President during the term of a President shall assume office within twenty-
four hours after the expiration of the term of the predecessor and in any other case, within twenty
four hours after being declared elected as President.
(9) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament shall by law, prescribe the procedure
for the election and assumption of office by a President.

Article 104 Challenging Presidential Election

(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, any aggrieved candidate may petition the Supreme
Court for an order that a candidate declared by the Electoral Commission elected as President
was not validly elected.
(2) A petition under clause (1) of this article shall be lodged in the Supreme Court registry within
ten days after the declaration of the election results.
(3) The Supreme Court shall inquire into and determine the petition expeditiously and shall
declare its findings not later than thirty days from the date the petition is filed.
(4) Where no petition is filed within the time prescribed under clause (2) of this article, or where a
petition having been filed, is dismissed by tile Supreme Court, the candidate declared elected
shall conclusively be taken to have been duly elected as President.
(5) After due inquiry under clause (3) of this article, the Supreme Court may-
(a) dismiss the petition; or
(b) declare which candidate was validly elected; or
(c) annul the election.
(6) Where an election is annulled, a fresh election shall be held within twenty days from the date
of the annulment.
(7) If after a fresh election held under clause (6) of this article there is another petition which
succeeds, then the Presidential election shall be postponed; and upon the expiry of the term of
the incumbent President, the Speaker shall perform the functions of the office of until a new
President is elected and assumes office.
(8) For the purposes of this article, clause (4) of article 98 of this Constitution shall not apply.
(9) Parliament shall make such laws as may be necessary for the of this article including laws for
grounds of annulment and rules of procedure.

Article 105 Tenure of office of President

(1)A person elected President under this Constitution subject to clause (3) of this article, hold
office for a term of five years.
(2) A person shall not be elected under this Constitution to hold office as President for more than
two terms as prescribed by this article.
(3) The office of President shall become vacant-
(a) on the expiration of the period specified in this article; a
(b) if the incumbent dies or resigns or ceases to hold office under article 107 of this Constitution.
(4) The President may, by writing signed by him or addressed to the Chief Justice, resign from
office as President.
(5) The resignation of the President shall take effect when it is received by the Chief Justice.
(6) The Chief Justice shall, immediately upon receiving the resignation of the President under this
article, notify the vice-President, the Speaker and the Electoral Commission of the resignation.

Article 106 Terms and conditions of service President

(1) The President shall be paid a salary and allowances and afforded such other benefits as
Parliament shall by law provide.
(2) Parliament shall, by law, make provision for the grant of benefits for a President who ceases
to hold of ice otherwise than by being removed under paragraph (a) or (b) of clause (1) of article
107 of this Constitution.
(3) The salary, allowances and other benefits granted to a President under this article shall be
charged on the Consolidated Fund.
(4) The President is exempted from direct personal taxation on allowances and other benefits
except on the official salary.
(5) The President shall not hold any other public office other than those conferred by this
Constitution or any office of profit or emolument likely to compromise the office of President.
(6) The salary, allowances and other benefits granted to the President under this article shall not
be varied to the disadvantage of the President while he or she holds office.
(7) The retirement benefits granted to a President under article shall not be varied to the
disadvantage of the President.

Article 107 Removal of President

(1) The President may be removed from office in accordance with this article on any of the
following grounds-
(a) abuse of office or willful violation of the oath of allegiance and the Presidential oath or any
provision of this Constitution;
(b) misconduct or misbehaviour-
(i) that he or she has conducted himself or herself in a manner which brings or is likely to bring
the office of President into hatred, ridicule, contempt or disrepute; or
(ii) that he or she has dishonestly done any act or omission which is prejudicial or inimical to the
economy or security of Uganda; or
(c) physical or mental incapacity, namely that he or she is incapable of performing the functions of
his or her office by reason of physical or mental incapacity.
(2) For the purpose of removal of the President under paragraph (a) or (b) of clause (1) of this
article, a notice in writing signed by not less than one-third of all the members of Parliament shall
be submitted to the Speaker-
(a) stating that they intend to move a motion for a resolution in Parliament for the removal of the
President on the charge that the President has-
(i) willfully abused his or her office or willfully violated the oath of allegiance and the Presidential
oath or any other provision of this Constitution in terms of paragraph (a) of clause (1) of this
article;
(ii) misconducted himself or herself or misbehaved in terms of paragraph (b) of clause (1) of this
article; and setting out the particulars of the charge supported by the necessary documents on
which it is claimed that the conduct of the President be investigated for the purposes of his or her
removal.
(3) The Speaker shall, within twenty-four hours after receipt of the notice referred to in clause(2)
of this article, cause a copy to be transmitted to the President and the Chief Justice.
(4) The Chief Justice shall, within seven days after receipt of the notice transmitted under
clause(3) of this article, constitute a tribunal comprising three Justices of the Supreme Court to
investigate the allegation in the notice and to report its findings to Parliament stating whether or
not there is a prima facie case for the removal of the President.
(5) The President is entitled to appear at the proceedings of the tribunal and to be represented
there by a lawyer or other expert or person of his or her choice.
(6) If the tribunal determines that there is a prima facie case for the removal of the President
under paragraph (a) or (b) of clause (1) of this article, then if Parliament passes the resolution
supported by the votes of not less than two-thirds of all members of Parliament, the President
shall cease to hold office.
(7) For the purposes of the removal of the President on grounds of physical or mental incapacity
under paragraph (c) of clause (1) of this article, there shall be submitted to the Speaker a notice
in writing signed by not less than one-third of all the members of Parliament-
(a) stating that they intend to move a motion for a resolution in Parliament for the removal of the
President from office on grounds of physical or mental incapacity; and
(b) giving particulars of the alleged incapacity.
(8) The Speaker shall, within twenty-four hours after receipt of a notice under clause (7) of this
article, cause a copy to be transmitted to the President and the Chief Justice.
(9) The Chief justice shall, within seven days after receipt of the notice transmitted under
clause(8) of this article and in consultation with the professional head of the medical services in
Uganda, constitute a Medical Board comprising five qualified and eminent medical specialists to
examine the President in respect of the alleged incapacity and to report its findings to Parliament.
(10) The Chief Justice shall, within twenty-four hours after constituting the Medical Board, inform
the President accordingly, and the President shall submit himself or herself to the Medical Board
for examination within seven days.
(11) If the Medical Board determines that the President is by reason of physical or mental
incapacity unable to perform the functions of the office of President, and Parliament passes the
resolution for the removal of the President supported by the votes of not less than two-thirds of all
the members of Parliament, the President shall cease to hold office.
(12) If the Medical Board, after the expiration of the period of seven days referred to in clause
(10) of this article, reports that the President has failed or refused to submit to the Medical Board
in accordance with that clause, and Parliament passes the resolution for the removal of the
President supported by the votes of not less than two-thirds of all the members of Parliament, the
President shall cease to hold office.
(13) The motion for a resolution for the removal of the President shall be moved in Parliament
within fourteen days after the receipt by the Speaker of the report of the tribunal or the Medical
Board.
(14) The President is entitled to appear in person and be heard and to be assisted or represented
by a lawyer or other expert or person of his or her choice during the proceedings of Parliament
relating to the motion for a resolution under this article.

Article 108 Vice-President

(1) There shall be a vice-President of Uganda.
(2) The President shall, with the approval of Parliament by a simple majority, appoint a vice-
President.
(3) The vice-President shall-
(a) deputise for the President as and when the need arises; and
(b) perform such other functions as may be assigned to him or her by the President, or as may
be, conferred on him or her by this Constitution.
(4) The qualifications prescribed for the office of the President by article 102 of this Constitution
shall apply to the office of the vice-President.
(5) The office of vice-President shall become vacant if-
(a) the appointment is revoked by the President; or
(b) the incumbent resigns or dies.
(6) With the exception of clause (2) of that article, article of this Constitution shall, subject to this
Constitution, apply the vice-President.
(7) Where the office of vice-President becomes vacant, President shall, with the approval of
Parliament, and as soon possible but in any case not later than fourteen days, appoint person
qualified to hold the office of vice-President.
(8) The vice-President shall, before commencing to perform the functions of vice-President, take
and subscribe the oath of vice-President, specified in the fourth schedule to this Constitution.

Article 109 Absence of President

(1) If the President dies, resigns, or is removed from office under this Constitution, the vice-
President shall assume office of President until fresh elections are held and the elected President
assumes office in accordance with clause (a) of article 103 of this Constitution.
(2) Elections for the President under this article shall be held within six months after the death,
resignation or removal of the President.
(3) No elections shall be held under this article if the residual term of the President is one year or
less.
(4) Whenever the President is for any reason unable to perform the functions of the office of
President, the Vice President shall perform those functions until the President is able again to
perform those functions.
(5) Where the President and the vice-President are both unable to perform the functions of the
office of the President, Speaker shall perform those functions until the President or vice-President
is able to perform those functions or until a new President assumes office.
(6) The vice-President shall, before assuming the duties of the office of President under clause(1)
of this article, appoint a person to the office of vice-President, subject to the approval of
Parliament.
(7) A person appointed under clause (6) of this article shall, before assuming the duties of the
office of Vice-President take and subscribe the oaths in respect of that of ice under clause (7) of
article 108 of this Constitution.
(8) Before assuming the duties of the office of President under clause (5) of this article, the
Speaker shall take and sub-scribe the oaths specified in relation to that office in the Fourth
Schedule to this Constitution.
(9) Whenever the Speaker assumes the office of President as a result of the death, resignation or
removal of the President and the Vice-President, or under the provisions of clause (7) article 104
of this Constitution, a Presidential election shall held in accordance with clause (2) of this article.

Article 110 State of emergency

(1) The President may, in consultation with the Cabinet, by State of proclamation, declare that a
state of emergency exists in Uganda, or any part of Uganda if the President is satisfied that
circumstances exist in Uganda or in that part of Uganda-
(a) in which Uganda or that part of it is threatened by war or external aggression; or
(b) in which the security or the economic life of the country or that part, is threatened by internal
insurgency or natural disaster; or
(c) which render necessary the taking of measures which are required for securing the public
safety, the defence of Uganda and the maintenance of public order and supplies and services
essential to the life of the community.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this article, a state of emergency declared under clause (1) of this
article shall remain in existence for not more than ninety days and shall then expire.
(3) The President shall cause the proclamation declaring the state of emergency to be laid before
Parliament for approval as. soon as practicable and in any case not later than fourteen days after
it was issued.
(4) A state of emergency may be extended by Parliament for a period not exceeding ninety days
at a time.
(5) The President or Parliament shall, if satisfied that the circumstances for the declaration of the
state of emergency have ceased to exist, revoke the proclamation by which the state of
emergency was declared.
(6) During any period when a state of emergency declared under this article exists, the President
shall submit to Parliament at such intervals as Parliament may prescribe, regular reports on
actions taken by or on behalf of the President for the purposes of the emergency.
(7) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament shall enact such laws as may be
necessary for enabling effective measures to be taken for dealing with any state of emergency
that may be declared under this article.
(8) Any resolution passed by Parliament for the purposes of clause (4) or (5) of this article shall
be supported by the votes of more than one-half of all the members of Parliament.

Article 111 The Cabinet

(1) There shall be a Cabinet which shall consist of the President, the Vice-President and such
number of Ministers as may appear to the President to be reasonably necessary for the efficient
running of the State.
(2) The functions of the Cabinet shall be to determine, formulate and implement the policy of the
Government and to perform such other functions as may be conferred by this Constitution or any
other law.
(3) There shall be a Secretary to the Cabinet who shall be appointed by the President in
consultation with the Public Service Commission.
(4) The Secretary to the Cabinet shall have charge of the Cabinet Office and shall be responsible
in accordance with such instructions as may be given to him or her by the President, for arranging
the business for and keeping the minutes of the Cabinet and for conveying the decisions of the
Cabinet to the appropriate person or authority and shall perform such other functions as the
President may direct.
(5) The Secretary to the Cabinet shall, before assuming the duties of his or her office, take and
subscribe the oath of allegiance and the oath of Secretary to the Cabinet specified in the Fourth
Schedule to this Constitution.

Article 112 Meetings of Cabinet

(1) Cabinet meetings shall be summoned and presided over by the President and in his or her
absence, by the Vice-President or in the absence of both of them, by a Minister designated in
writing by the President.
(2) The Cabinet shall regulate the procedure of its meetings.

Article 113 Cabinet Ministers

(1) Cabinet Ministers shall be appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament from
among members of Parliament or persons qualified to be elected members of Parliament.
(2) The total number of Cabinet Ministers shall not exceed twenty-one except with the approval of
Parliament.
(3) A Cabinet Minister shall have responsibility for such functions of Government as the President
may, from time to time, assign to him or her.
(4) A Minister shall not hold any office of profit or emolument likely to compromise his or her
office.

Article 114 Other Ministers

(1) The President may, with the approval of Parliament, appoint other Ministers to assist Cabinet
Ministers in the performance of their functions.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this article, clause (1) of article 113 of this Constitution shall apply
to the appointment of Ministers under clause (1) of this article.
(3) The total number of Ministers appointed under this article shall not exceed twenty-one except
with the approval of Parliament.
(4) A Minister referred to in this article shall have responsibility for such functions of the Ministry
to which he or she is appointed, as the President may, from time to time, assign to him or her;
and in the absence of the Cabinet Minister in his or her Ministry, shall perform the functions of the
Cabinet Minister as the President directs.
(5) Clause (4) of article 113 of this Constitution applies to a Minister referred to in clause (1) of
this article.

Article 115 Oath of Minister

A Minister shall, before assuming the duties of office take and subscribe the oath of allegiance
and the oath of Minister specified in the Fourth Schedule to this Constitution.

Article 116 Vacation of office of Minister

The office of a Minister shall become vacant-
(a) if the appointment of the holder of the office is revoked by the President; or
(b) if the holder-
(i) resigns;
(ii) becomes disqualified to be a member of Parliament; or
(iii) dies.
Article 117 Responsibility of Ministers
Ministers shall, individually be accountable to the President for the administration of their
Ministries and collectively be responsible for any decision made by the Cabinet.

Article 118 Vote of censure

(1) Parliament may, by resolution supported by more than half of all members of Parliament, pass
a vote of censure against a Minister on any of the following grounds-
(a) abuse of office or willful violation of the oath of allegiance or oath of office;
(b) misconduct or misbehaviour;
(c) physical or mental incapacity, namely, that he or she is incapable of performing the functions
of his or her office by reason of physical or mental incapacity
(d) mismanagement; or
(e) incompetence
(2) Upon a vote of censure being passed against a Minister, the President shall, unless the
Minister resigns his or her office, take appropriate action in the matter.
(3) Proceedings for censure of a Minister shall be initiated by a petition to the President through
the Speaker signed by not less than one-third of all members of Parliament giving notice that they
are dissatisfied with the conduct or performance of the Minister and intend to move a motion for a
resolution of censure and setting out particulars of the grounds in support of the motion.
(4) The President shall, upon receipt of the petition, cause a copy of it to be given to the Minister
in question.
(5) The motion for the resolution of censure shall not be debated until the expiry of thirty days
after the petition was sent to the President.
(6) A Minister in respect of whom a vote of censure is debated under clause (5) of this article is
entitled during the debate to be heard in his or her defence.

Article 119
(1) There shall be an Attorney-General who shall be a Minister appointed by the President with
the approval of Parliament.
(2) A person shall not be qualified to be appointed Attorney-General unless he or she is qualified
to practice as an advocate of the High Court and has so practiced or gained the necessary
experience for not less than ten years.
(3) The Attorney-General shall be the principal legal adviser of the Government.
(4) The functions of the Attorney-General shall include the following-
(a) to give legal advice and legal services to the Government on any subject;
(b) to draw and peruse agreements, contracts, treaties, conventions and documents by whatever
called, to which the Government is a party or respect of which the Government has an interest;
(c) to represent the Government in courts or any other legal proceedings to which the government
party; and
(d) to perform such other functions as may be assigned him or her by the President or by law.
(5) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, agreement, contract, treaty, convention or
document by whatever name called, to which the government is a party or in respect which the
government has an interest, shall be concluded with legal advice from the Attorney-General,
except in such cases subject to such conditions as Parliament may by law prescribe.
(6) Until Parliament makes the law referred to in clause (5) of this article, the Attorney-General
may, by statutory instrument, exempt any particular category of agreement or contract none of
the parties to which is a foreign government or its agency or an international organisation from
the application that clause.

Article 120 Director of Public Prosecutions

(1) There shall be a Director of Public Prosecution appointed by the President on the
recommendation of the Pub Service Commission and with the approval of Parliament.
(2) A person is not qualified to be appointed Director Public Prosecutions unless he or she is
qualified to be appointed a Judge of the High Court.
(3) The functions of the Director of Public Prosecutions are the following-
(a) to direct the police to investigate any information of a criminal nature and to report to him or
her expeditiously;
(b) to institute criminal proceedings against any person or authority in any court with competent
jurisdiction other than a court martial;
(c) to take over and continue any criminal proceedings instituted by any other person or authority;
(d) to discontinue at any stage before judgment is delivered, any criminal proceedings to which
this article relates, instituted by himself or herself or any other person or authority; except that the
Director of Public Prosecutions shall not discontinue any proceedings commenced by another
person or authority except with the consent of the court.
(4) The functions conferred on the Director of Public Prosecutions under clause (3) of this article-
(a) may, in the case of the functions under paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of clause (3) of this article,
be exercised by him or her in person or by officers authorised by him or her in accordance with
general or specified instructions; and
(b) shall, in the case of the functions under paragraph (d) of that clause, be exercised by him or
her exclusively.
(5) In exercising his or her powers under this article, the Director of Public Prosecutions shall
have regard to the public interest, the interest of the administration of justice and the need to
prevent abuse of legal process.
(6) In the exercise of the functions conferred on him or by this article, the Director of Public
Prosecutions shall not be subject to the direction or control of any person or authority.
(7) The Director of Public Prosecutions shall have the same terms and conditions of service as
those of a High Court judge.

Article 121 Prerogative of Mercy

(1) There shall be an Advisory Committee on the Prerogative of Mercy which shall consist of-
(a) the Attorney-General who shall be Chairperson; and
(b) six prominent citizens of Uganda appointed by the President.
(2) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of the Committee if he or she is a
member of Parliament. the Uganda Law Society or a District Council.
(3) A member appointed under paragraph (b) of clause (1) of this article shall serve for a period of
four years and shall case to he a member of the Committee-
(a) if circumstances arise that would disqualify him or her from appointment; or
(b) if removed by the President for inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising
from infirmity of body or mind or for misbehaviour, misconduct or incompetence.
(4) The President may, on the advice of the Committee-
(a) grant to any person convicted of an offence, a pardon either free or subject to lawful
conditions;
(b) grant to a person a respite, either indefinite or for a specified period, from the execution of
punishment imposed on him or her for an offence;
(c) substitute a less severe form of punishment for a punishment imposed on a person for an
offence; or
(d) remit the whole or part of a punishment imposed on a person or of a penalty or forfeiture
otherwise due to Government on account of any offence.
(5) Where a person is sentenced to death for an offence, a written report of the case from the trial
judge or judges or person presiding over the court or tribunal, together with such other
information derived from the record of the case or elsewhere as may be necessary, shall be
submitted to the Advisory Committee on the Prerogative of Mercy.
(6) A reference in this article to conviction or imposition of a punishment, sentence, or forfeiture
includes conviction or imposition of a punishment, penalty, sentence or forfeiture by a court
martial or other military tribunal except a Field Court Martial.

Article 122 Diplomatic relations

(1) The President may, with the approval of Parliament, appoint Ambassadors and Heads of
Diplomatic missions representatives.
(2) The President may receive envoys accredited to Uganda.
Article 123 Execution of treaties
(1) The President or a person authorised by the President Execution may make treaties,
conventions, agreements, or other arrangements between Uganda and any other country or
between Uganda and any international organisation or body, in respect of any matter.
(2) Parliament shall make laws to govern ratification of treaties, conventions, agreements or other
arrangements made under clause (1) of this article.

Article 124 Declaration of a State of War

(1) The President may, with the approval of Parliament given by resolution supported by not less
than two-thirds of the members of Parliament, declare that a state of war exists between Uganda
and any other country.
(2) Where it is impracticable to seek the approval of Parliament before declaration of a state of
war, the President may declare a state of war without the approval but shall seek the approval
immediately after the declaration and in any case not later than seventy-two hours after the
declaration.
(3) Where the President makes the declaration of a state of war under clause (2) when
Parliament is in recess, the Speaker , shall, immediately summon Parliament to an emergency
session to sit within seventy-two hours after the declaration of a state war.
(4) The President may, with the approval of Parliament given by resolution, revoke a declaration
of a state of war mad under clause (1) or (2) of this article.

Article 125 National Planning Authority

There shall be a National Planning Authority whose composition and functions shall be prescribed
by Parliament.

CHAPTER 8- THE JUDICIARY

Article 126 Administration of Justice

(1) Judicial power is derived from the people and shall be exercised by the courts established
under this Constitution in the name of the people and in conformity with law and with the values,
norms and aspirations of the people.
(2) In adjudicating cases of both a civil and criminal nature, the courts shall, subject to the law,
apply the following principles-
(a) justice shall be done to all irrespective of their social or economic status;
(b) justice shall not be delayed;
(c) adequate compensation shall be awarded to victims of wrongs;
(d) reconciliation between parties shall be promoted; and
(e) substantive justice shall be administered without undue regard to technicalities.

Article 127 Participation of the people in the administration of justice

Parliament shall make law providing for participation of the people in the administration of justice
by the courts.

Article 128 Independence of the Judiciary

(1) In the exercise of judicial power, the courts shall be dependent and shall not be subject to the
control or direction of person or authority.
(2) No person or authority shall interfere with the courts or judicial officers in the exercise of their
judicial functions.
(3) All organs and agencies of the State shall accord the courts such assistance as may be
required to ensure the effectiveness of the courts.
(4) A person exercising judicial power shall not be liable to any action or suit for any act or
omission by that person in the exercise of judicial power.
(5) The administrative expenses of the Judiciary including all salaries, allowances, gratuities and
pensions payable to a in respect of persons serving in the Judiciary, shall be charged a the
Consolidated Fund.
(6) The Judiciary shall be self-accounting and may deal directly with the Ministry responsible for
finance in relation to its finances.
(7) The salary, allowances, privileges and retirement benefits and other conditions of service of a
judicial officer or other person exercising judicial power, shall not be varied to his or her
disadvantage.
(8) The office of the Chief Justice, Deputy Chief Justice, Principal Judge, a Justice of the
Supreme Court, a Justice of Appeal or a Judge of the High Court shall not be abolished when
there is a substantive holder of that office.

Article 129 The Courts of Judicature

(1) The judicial power of Uganda shall be exercised by the Courts of Judicature which shall
consist of-
(a) the Supreme Court of Uganda;
(b) the Court of Appeal of Uganda;
(c) the High Court of Uganda; and
(d) such subordinate courts as Parliament may by law establish, including Qadhis' courts for
marriage, divorce, inheritance of property and guardianship, as may be prescribed by Parliament.
(2) The Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and the High Court of Uganda shall be superior
courts of record and shall each have all the powers of such a court.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make provision for the
jurisdiction and procedure of the courts.

Article 130 The Supreme Court of Uganda

The Supreme Court shall consist of-
(a) the Chief Justice; and
(b) such number of Justices of the Supreme Court not being less than six, as Parliament may by
law prescribe.

Article 131 Composition of the Supreme Court

(1) The Supreme Court shall be duly constituted at any Composition sitting if it consists of an
uneven number not being less than five members of the Court.
(2) When hearing appeals from decisions of the Court of Appeal sitting as a Constitutional Court,
the Supreme Court Shall consist of a full bench of all members of the Supreme Court; and where
any of them is not able to attend, the President shall, for that purpose, appoint an Acting Justice
under clause (2) of article 142 of this Constitution.
(3) The Chief Justice shall preside at each sitting of the Supreme Court and in the absence of the
Chief Justice the most senior member of the Court as constituted shall preside.

Article 132 Jurisdiction of Supreme Court

(1) The Supreme Court shall be the final court of appeal.
(2) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from decisions of the Court of Appeal as may be
prescribed by law.
(3) Any party aggrieved by a decision of the Court of Appeal sitting, as a Constitutional Court is
entitled to appeal to the Supreme Court against the decision; and accordingly, an appeal shall lie
to the Supreme Court under clause (2) of this article.
(4) The Supreme Court may, while treating its own previous decisions as normally binding, depart
from a previous decision when it appears to it right to do so; and all other courts shall be bound to
follow the decisions of the Supreme Court on questions of law.

Article 133 Administrative functions of the Chief Justice

(1) The Chief Justice-
(a) shall be the head of the judiciary and shall be responsible for the administration and
supervision of all courts in Uganda; and
(b) may issue orders and directions to the courts necessary for the proper and efficient
administration of justice.
(2) Where the office of the Chief Justice is vacant or where the Chief Justice is for any reason
unable to perform the functions of his or her office, then until a person has been appointed to and
has assumed the functions of that office or until the Chief Justice has resumed the performance
of those functions, those functions shall be performed by the Deputy Chief Justice.

Article 134 The Court of Appeal of Uganda

(1) The Court of Appeal of Uganda shall consist of-
(a) the Deputy Chief Justice; and
(b) such number of Justices of Appeal not being less than seven as Parliament may by law
prescribe.
(2) An appeal shall lie to the Court of Appeal from such decisions of the High Court as may be
prescribed by law.

Article 135 Composition of the Court of Appeal

(1) The Court of Appeal shall be duly constituted at any sitting if it consists of an uneven number
not being less than of the Court members of the Court.
(2) The Deputy Chief Justice shall preside at each sitting the court and in the absence of the
Deputy Chief Justice, the most senior member of the Court as constituted shall preside.
(3) The Chief Justice, in consultation with the Deputy chief Justice, may create divisions of the
Court of Appeal, as the Chief Justice may consider necessary-
(a) consisting of such numbers of Justices of Appeal as may be assigned to them by the Chief
Justice;
(b) sitting at such places in Uganda as the Chief Justice may, after consultation with the Attorney-
General, by statutory order, determine.

Article 136 Administrative Functions of the Deputy Chief Justice

(1) Subject to the provisions of article 133 of this Constitution, the Deputy Chief Justice shall: -
(a) deputise for the Chief Justice as and when the need arises;
(b) be the head of the Court of Appeal and in that capacity
(c) assist the Chief Justice in the administration of that Court; and
(d) perform such other functions as may be delegated or assigned to him or her by the Chief
Justice.
(2) Where: -
(a) the office of the Deputy Chief Justice is vacant; or
(b) the Deputy Chief Justice is acting as Chief Justice;
(c) the Deputy Chief Justice is for any reason unable to perform the functions of his or her office;
Then, until a person has been appointed to and has assumed functions of the office of the Deputy
Chief Justice, those functions shall be performed by a Justice of the Supreme Court a Justice of
Appeal designated by the President, after consultation with the Chief Justice, or the acting Chief
Justice, as the case may be.

Article 137 Questions as to the interpretation of the constitution

(1) Any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution shall be determined by the Court of
Appeal sitting as the Constitutional Court.
(2) When sitting as a Constitutional Court, the Court of Appeal shall consist of a bench of five
members of that Court.
(3) A person who alleges that-
(a) an Act of Parliament or any other law or anything or done under the authority of any law; or
(b) any act or omission by any person or authority is inconsistent with or in contravention of a
provision of this Constitution, may petition the Constitutional Court for a declaration to that effect,
and for redress where appropriate.
(4) Where upon determination of the petition under clause (3) of this article the Constitutional
Court considers that there is need for redress in addition to the declaration sought, the
Constitutional Court may-
(a) grant an order of redress; or refer the mater to the High Court to investigate and determine the
appropriate redress.
(b) refer the matter to the High Court to investigate and determine the Appropriate.
(5) Where any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution arises in any proceedings in a
court of law other than a Field Court Martial, the Court-
(a) may, if it is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law; and
(b) shall, if any party to the proceedings requests it to do so, refer the question to the
Constitutional Court for decision in accordance with clause (l) of this article.
(6) Where any question is referred to the Constitutional Court under clause (5) of this article, the
Constitutional Court shall give its decision on the question and the court in which the question
arises shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision.
(7) Upon a petition being made or a question being referred under this article, the Court of Appeal
shall proceed to hear and determine the petition as soon as possible and may, for that purpose,
suspend any other matter pending before it.

Article 138 The High Court of Uganda

(1) The High Court of Uganda shall consist of-
(a) the Principal Judge; and
(b) such number of Judges of the High Court as may be prescribed by Parliament.
(2) The High Court shall sit in such places as the Chief Justice may, in consultation with the
Principal Judge, appoint; and in so doing, the Chief Justice shall, as far as practicable, ensure
that the High Court is accessible to all the people.
139. (1) The High Court shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, have unlimited original
jurisdiction in all matters and such appellate and other jurisdiction as may be conferred on it by
this Constitution or other law.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and any other law, the decisions of any court
lower than the High Court shall be appeal able to the High Court.

Article 140 Hearing of election cases

(1) Where any question is before the High Court for determination under clause (1) of article 86 of
this Constitution, the High Court shall proceed to hear and determine the question expeditiously
and may, for that purpose, suspend any other matter pending before it.
(2) This article shall apply in a similar manner to the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court
when hearing and; determining appeals on questions referred to in clause (1) of this article.

Article 141 Administrative functions of the Principle Judge

(1) Subject to the provisions of article 133 of this Constitution the Principle Judge shall: -
(a) be the head of the High Court, and shall, in that capacity, assist the Chief Justice in the
administration of the High Court and subordinate courts; and
(b) perform such other functions as may be delegated or assigned to him or her by the Chief
Justice.
(2) Where-
(a) the office of Principal Judge is vacant; or
(b) the Principal Judge is for any reason unable to perform the functions of his or her office, then,
until a person has been appointed to and has assumed the functions of that office, or until the
Principal Judge has resumed those functions, those functions shall be performed by a Judge of
the High Court designated by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice.

Article 142 Appointment of Judicial officers

(1) The Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice, the Principal Judge, a Justice of the Supreme
Court, a Justice of Appeal and a Judge of the High Court shall be appointed by the President
acting on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission and with the approval of Parliament.
(2) Where-
(a) the office of a Justice of the Supreme Court or a Justice of Appeal or a Judge of the High
Court is vacant; or
(b) a Justice of the Supreme Court or a Justice of Appeal or a Judge of the High Court is for any
reason unable to perform the functions of his or her office; or
(c) the Chief Justice advises the Judicial Service Commission that the state of business in the
Supreme Court, Court of Appeal or the High Court so requires, the President may, acting on the
advice of the Judicial Service Commission, appoint a person qualified for appointment as a
Justice of the Supreme Court or a Justice of Appeal or a Judge of the High Court to act as such a
Justice or Judge even though that person has attained the age prescribed for retirement in
respect of that office.
(3) A person appointed under clause (2) of this article to act as a Justice of the Supreme Court, a
Justice of Appeal or a Judge of the High Court shall continue to act for the period of the
appointment or, if no period is specified, until the appointment is revoked by the President acting
on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, whichever is the earlier.

Article 143 Qualifications for appointment of judicial officers

(1) A person shall be qualified for appointment as-
(a) Chief Justice, if he or she has served as a Justice the Supreme Court of Uganda or of a court
having similar jurisdiction or has practiced as an advocate for a period not less than twenty years
before court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil; criminal matters;
(b) Deputy Chief Justice or Principal Judge, if he or she has served as a Justice of the Supreme
Court or as a Justice of Appeal or as a Judge of the High Court or a court of similar jurisdiction to
such a court or has practiced as an advocate for a period not less than fifteen years before a
court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters;
(c) a Justice of the Supreme Court if he or she has served as a Justice of Appeal or a Judge of
the High Court or a court of similar jurisdiction to such a court, has practiced as an advocate for a
period not less than fifteen years before a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal
matters;
(d) a Justice of Appeal, if he or she has served as a Judge of the High Court or a court having
similar or higher jurisdiction or has practiced as an advocate for a period not less than ten years
before a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters or is a distinguished jurist
and an advocate of not less than ten years standing;
(e) a Judge of the High Court, if he or she is or has been a Judge of a court having unlimited
jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters or a court having jurisdiction in appeals from any such
court or has practiced as an advocate for a period not less than ten years before a court having
unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters.
(2) Any period during which a person has practiced as a public officer holding an office for which
qualifications as an advocate is required, shall be counted in the calculation of any period of
practice required under clause (1) of this article even though that person does not have a
practicing certificate.

Article 144 Tenure of Office of judicial officers

(1) A judicial officer may retire at any time after attaining age of sixty years, and shall vacate his
or her office-
(a) in the case of the Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice, a Justice of the Supreme Court and
a Justice of Appeal, on attaining the age of seventy years; and
(b) in the case of the Principal Judge and a Judge of the High Court, on attaining the age of sixty
five years; or
(c) in each case, subject to clause (7) of article 128 of this Constitution, on attaining such other
age as may be prescribed by Parliament by law, but a judicial officer may continue in office after
attaining the age at which he or she is required by this clause to vacate office, for a period not
exceeding three months necessary to enable him or her to complete any work pending before
him or her.
(2) A judicial officer may be removed from office only for-
(a) inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind;
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence; but only in accordance with the provisions of this article.
(3) The President shall remove a judicial officer if the question of his or her removal has been
referred to a tribunal appointed under clause (4) of this article and the tribunal has recommended
to the President that he or she ought to be removed from office on any ground described in
clause (2) of this article.
(4) The question whether the removal of a judicial officer should be investigated shall be referred
to the President by either Judicial Service Commission or the Cabinet with advice the President
should appoint a tribunal; and the President then appoint a tribunal consisting of-
(a) in the case of the Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice or the Principal Judge, five persons
who or have been Justices of the Supreme Court or have been judges of a court having similar
jurisdiction or who are advocates of at least two years standing; or
(b) in the case of a Justice of the Supreme Court or a Justice of Appeal, three persons who are or
has been Justices of the Supreme Court or who are have been judges of a court of similar
jurisdiction or who are advocates of at least fifteen years standing; or
(c) in the case of a Judge of the High Court, three persons who are or have held office as Judges
of a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters . a court having jurisdiction in
appeals from such court or who are advocates of at least ten years standing.
(5) If the question of removing a judicial officer is referred to a tribunal under this article, the
President shall suspend the judicial officer from performing the functions of his or her.
(6) A suspension under clause (5) of this article s cease to have effect if the tribunal advises the
President that judicial officer suspended should not be removed.
(7) For the purposes of this article, "judicial o means the Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice,
the Principle Judge, a Justice of the Supreme Court, a Justice of Appeal Judge of the High Court.

Article 145
(1) There shall be in the Judiciary the office of Chief Registrar and such number of Registrars as
Parliament may by law prescribe.
(2) The Chief Registrar and a Registrar shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the
Judicial Service Commission.

Article 146 Judicial Service Commission

(1) There shall be a Judicial Service Commission.
(2) The Judicial Service Commission shall, subject to clause (3) of this article, consist of the
following persons who shall be appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament-
(a) a Chairperson and a Deputy Chairperson who shall be persons qualified to be appointed as
Justices of the Supreme Court, other than the Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice and the
Principal Judge;
(b) one person nominated by the Public Service Commission;
(c) two advocates of not less than fifteen years' standing nominated by the Uganda Law Society;
(d) one Judge of the Supreme Court nominated by the President in consultation with the Judges
of the Supreme Court, the Justices of Appeal and Judges of the High Court; and
(e) two members of the public, who shall not be lawyers, nominated by the President.
(3) The Attorney General shall be an ex-officio member of the Commission.
(4) The Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice and Principal Judge shall not be appointed to be
Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson or member of the Judicial Service Commission.
(5) A person is not qualified to be appointed a member of the Judicial Service Commission unless
the person is of high moral character and proven integrity.
(6) The office of Chairperson shall be full-time and a person shall not engage in private legal
practice while holding that office.
(7) Subject to the provisions of this article, a member of the Judicial Service Commission shall
vacate his or her office:
(a) at the expiration of four years from the date of his or her appointment but is eligible for
reappointment for one more term; or
(b) if he or she is elected or appointed to any office determined by Parliament to be likely to
compromise the independence of the Judicial Service Commission; a
(c) on being removed by the President; but the President the may only remove a member for
inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind or for
misbehaviour, misconduct or incompetence.
(8) There shall be a Secretary to the Judicial Service Commission who shall be appointed by the
President on the advice of the Public Service Commission.

Article 147 Functions of Judicial Service Commission

(1) The functions of the Judicial Service Commission are;
(a) to advise the President in the exercise of the President's power to appoint persons to hold or
act in any office specified in clause (3) of this article, which includes power to confirm
appointments, to exercise disciplinary control over such persons and to remove them from office;
(b) subject to the provisions of this Constitution, to review and make recommendations on the
terms and conditions of service of Judges and other judicial officers;
(c) to prepare and implement programmes for the education of, and for the dissemination of
information to judicial officers and the public about law and the administration of justice;
(d) to receive and process people's recommendations and complaints concerning the Judiciary
and the administration of justice and generally, to act as a link between the people and the
Judiciary;
(e) to advise the Government on improving the administration of justice; and
(f) any other function prescribed by this Constitution or by Parliament.
(2) In the performance of its functions, the Judicial Service Commission shall be independent and
shall not be subject to the direction or control of any person or authority.
(3) The offices referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1) of this article are-
(a) the office of the Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice, the Principal Judge, a Justice of the
Supreme Court, a Justice of Appeal and a Judge of the High Court; and
(b) the office of Chief Registrar and Registrar.

Article 148 Appointment of other Judicial officers

Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Judicial Service Commission may appoint
persons to hold or act in any Judicial office other than the offices specified in clause(3) of
article147 of this Constitution and confirm appointments in and exercise disciplinary control over
persons holding or acting in such offices and remove such persons from office.

Article 149 Judicial Oath

Every judicial officer shall, before assuming the duties of his or her office, take and subscribe the
oath of allegiance and the Judicial Oath specified in the Fourth Schedule to this Constitution.

Article 150 Powers to make Laws relating to Judiciary

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution Parliament may make laws providing for the
structures, procedures and functions of the Judiciary.
(2) Without prejudice to clause (1) of this article Parliament may make laws for regulating and
facilitating the discharge by the President and the Judicial Service Commission their functions
under this Chapter.

Article 151 Interpretation

In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires "judicial officer'' means-
(a) a Judge or any person who presides over a court or tribunal howsoever described;
(b) the Chief Registrar or Registrar of a Court;
(c) such other person holding any office connected with court as may be prescribed by Law.

CHAPTER 9- FINANCE
Article 152 General Taxation
(1) No tax shall be imposed except under the authority of Taxation an Act of Parliament.
(2) Where a law enacted under clause (1) of this article confers powers on any person or
authority to waive or vary a tax imposed by that law, that person or authority shall report to
Parliament periodically on the exercise of those powers, as shall be determined by law.
(3) Parliament shall make laws to establish tax tribunals for the purposes of settling tax disputes.

Article 153 Consolidated Fund

(1) There shall be a Consolidated Fund into which shall be paid all revenues or other moneys
raised or received for the Fund purpose of, or on behalf of, or in trust for the Government.
(2) The revenues or other moneys referred to in clause (1) of this article shall not include
revenues or other moneys-
(a) that are payable by or under an Act of Parliament, into some other fund established for a
specific purpose; or
(b) that may, under an Act of Parliament, be retained by the department of Government that
received them for the purposes of defraying the expenses of that department.

Article 154 Withdrawal from the Consolidated Fund

(1) No moneys shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund except-
(a) to meet expenditure charged on the fund by this Constitution or by an Act of Parliament; or
(b) where the issue of those moneys has been authorised by an Appropriation Act, a
Supplementary Appropriation Act or as provided under clause (4) of this article.
(2) No moneys shall be withdrawn from any public fund of Uganda other than the Consolidated
Fund, unless the issue of those moneys has been authorised by law.
(3) No moneys shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund unless the withdrawal has been
approved by the Auditor General and in the manner prescribed by Parliament.
(4) If the President is satisfied that the Appropriation Act in respect of any financial year, will not
or has not come into operation by the beginning of that financial year, the President may, subject
to the provisions of this article, authorise the issue of moneys from the Consolidated Fund
Account for the purposes of meeting expenditure necessary to carry on the services of the
Government until the expiration of four months from the beginning of that financial year or the
coming into operation of the Appropriation Act, whichever is the earlier.
(5) Any sum issued in any financial year from the Consolidated Fund Account under clause (4) of
this article in respect of any service of the Government-
(a) shall not exceed the amount shown as required on account in respect of that service in the
vote on account approved by Parliament by resolution for that financial year; and
(b) shall be set off against the amount provided in respect of that service in the Appropriation Act
for that financial year when that law comes into operation.

Article 155 Financial Year Estimates

The President shall cause to be prepared and laid before Parliament in each financial year but in
any case not later than the fifteenth day before the commencement of the financial year,
estimates of revenues and expenditure of Government for the next financial year.
(2) The head of any self-accounting department, commission or organisation set up under this
Constitution, shall cause to be submitted to the President at least two months before the end of
each financial year, estimates of administrative and development expenditure and estimates of
revenues of the respective department, commission or organisation for the following year.
(3) The estimates prepared under clause (2) of this article shall be laid before Parliament by the
President under clause (1) of this article without revision but with any recommendations that the
Government may have on them.
(4) At any time before Parliament considers the estimates of revenues and expenditure laid
before it by or on the authority of the President, an appropriate committee of Parliament may
discuss and review the estimates and make appropriate recommendations to Parliament.
(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (1) of this article, the President may cause to be
prepared and laid before Parliament-
(a) fiscal and monetary programmes and plans for economic and social development covering
periods exceeding one year;
(b) estimates of revenue and expenditure covering periods exceeding one year.
(6) Parliament may make laws for giving effect to the provisions of this article.

Article 156 Appropriation Bill

(1) The heads of expenditure contained in the estimates, other than expenditure charged on the
Consolidated Funds by this Constitution or any Act of Parliament, shall be included in a bill to be
known as an Appropriation Bill which shall be introduced into Parliament to provide for the issue
from the Consolidated Fund of the sums necessary to meet that expenditure and the
appropriation of those sums for the purposes specified in the bill.
(2) If in respect of any financial year it is found-
(a) that the amount appropriated for any purpose under the Appropriation Act is insufficient or that
a need has arisen for expenditure for a purpose for which no amount has been appropriated by
that Act; or
(b) that any moneys have been expended for any purpose in excess of the amount appropriated
for that purpose or for a purpose for which amount has been appropriated by that Act, a
supplementary estimate showing the sums required or spent shall be laid down before Parliament
and in the case of excess expenditure, within four months after the money is spent.
(3) Where, in respect of any financial year, a supplementary estimate or supplementary estimates
have been approved by Parliament in accordance with clause (2) of this article, a supplementary
Appropriation Bill shall be introduced into Parliament in the financial year next following that
financial year to which the estimates relate, providing for the appropriation of the sums so
approved for the purposes specified in those estimates.

Article 157 Contingencies Fund

Parliament shall make provision for the establishment of a Contingencies Fund and shall make
laws to regulate the operations of that fund.

Article 158 Offices the remuneration of which are charged on Consolidated Fund
(1) Where any salary or allowance of the holder of any office is charged on the Consolidated
Fund, it shall not be altered to his or her disadvantage after he or she has been appointed to that
office.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament shall prescribe the offices, the
salaries and allowances in respect of which are charged on the Consolidated Fund by this
Constitution.

Article 159 Power of Government to borrow or lend

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Government may borrow from any source.
(2) Government shall not borrow, guarantee, or raise a loan on behalf of itself or any other public
institution, authority or person except as authorised by or under an Act of Parliament.
(3) An Act of Parliament made under clause (2) of this article shall provide-
(a) that the terms and conditions of the loan shall be laid before Parliament and shall not come
into operation unless they have been approved by a resolution of Parliament; and
(b) that any moneys received in respect of that loan shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund and
form part of that Fund or into some other public fund which is existing or is created for the
purpose of the loan.
(4) The President shall, at such times as Parliament may determine, cause to be presented to
Parliament such information concerning any loan as is necessary to show-
(a) the extent of the total indebtedness by way of principal and accumulated interest;
(b) the provision made for servicing or repayment of the loan; and
(c) the utilisation and performance of the loan.
(5) Parliament may, by resolution, authorise the Government to enter into an agreement for the
giving of a loan or a grant out of any public fund or public account.
(6) An agreement entered into under clause (5) of this article shall be laid before Parliament and
shall not come into operation unless it has been approved by Parliament by resolution.
(7) For the purposes of this article, the expression "loan" includes any money lent or given to or
by the Government on condition of return or repayment and any other form of borrowing or
lending in respect of which-
(a) moneys from the Consolidated Fund or any other public fund may be used for payment or
repayment; or
(b) moneys from any fund by whatever name called, established for the purposes of payment or
repayment whether in whole or in part and whether directly or indirectly, may be used for payment
or repayment.
(8) Parliament may by law exempt any categories of loans from the provisions of clauses (2) and
(3) of this article, subject to such conditions as Parliament may prescribe.

Article 160 Public Debt

(l) The Public Debt of Uganda shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund and other public funds
of Uganda.
(2) For the purposes of this article, the Public Debt includes the interest on that debt, sinking fund
payments in respect of that debt and the costs, charges and expenses incidental to the
management of that debt.

Article 161 Central Bank of Uganda

(1) The Bank of Uganda shall be the central bank of Uganda and it shall be the only authority to
issue the currency of Uganda.
(2) The authority of the Bank of Uganda shall vest in a Board which shall consist of a Governor, a
Deputy Governor and not more than five other members.
(3) The Governor, the Deputy Governor and all other members of the Board shall-
(a) be appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament;
(b) hold office for a term of five years but shall be eligible for re-appointment.
(4) The office of Governor and Deputy Governor shall each be a public office and the Governor
and Deputy Governor shall respectively be Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson of the Board.
(5) The Governor, the Deputy Governor or any other member of the Board may be removed from
office by the President only for-
(a) inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind;
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence.

Article 162 Functions of the Bank

(1) The Bank of Uganda shall-
(a) promote and maintain the stability of the value of the currency of Uganda;
(b) regulate the currency system in the interest of the economic progress of Uganda;
(c) encourage and promote economic development, and the efficient utilisation of the resources
of Uganda through effective and efficient operation of a banking and credit system; and
(d) do all such other things not inconsistent with this article, as may be prescribed by law.
(2) In performing its functions, the Bank of Uganda shall conform to this Constitution but shall not
be subject to the direction or control of any person or authority.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make laws prescribing and
regulating the functions of the Bank of Uganda.

Article 163 Auditor-General

(1) There shall be an Auditor-General who shall be appointed by the President with the approval
of Parliament and whose office shall be a public office.
(2) A person shall not be appointed Auditor-General unless that person-
(a) is a qualified accountant of not less than fifteen years' standing; and
(b) is a person of high moral character and proven integrity.
(3) The Auditor-General shall-
(a) audit and report on the public accounts of Uganda and of all public offices including the courts,
the central and local government administrations, universities and public institutions of like nature,
and any public corporation or other bodies or organisations established by an Act of Parliament;
and
(b) conduct financial and value for money audits in respect of any project involving public funds.
(4) The Auditor-General shall submit to Parliament annually a report of the accounts audited by
him or her under clause (3) of this article for the financial year immediately proceeding.
(5) Parliament shall, within six months after the submission of the report referred to in clause (4)
of this article, debate and consider the report and take appropriate action.
(6) Subject to clause (7) of this article, in performing his or her functions, the Auditor-General
shall not be under the direction or control of any person or authority.
(7) The President may, acting in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet, require the Auditor-
General to audit the accounts of any body or organisation referred to in clause (3) of this article.
(8) The salary and allowances payable to the Auditor-General shall be charged on the
Consolidated Fund.
(9) The accounts of the office of the Auditor-General shall be audited and reported upon by an
auditor appointed by Parliament.
(10) The Auditor-General may be removed from office by the President only for-
(a) inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind;
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence.

Article 164 Accountability

(1) The Permanent Secretary or the accounting officer in charge of a Ministry or department shall
be accountable to Parliament for the funds in that Ministry or department.
(2) Any person holding a political or public office who directs or concurs in the use of public funds
contrary to existing instructions shall be accountable for any loss arising from that use and shall
be required to make good the loss even if he or she has ceased to hold that office.
(3) Parliament shall monitor all expenditure of public funds.

CHAPTER 10- PUBLIC SERVICE

Article 165 Public Service Commission

(1) There shall be a Public Service Commission.
(2) The Commission shall consist of a Chairperson, a Deputy Chairperson and seven other
members appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament.
(3) A person is not qualified to be appointed a member of the Commission unless he or she is of
high moral character and proven integrity.
(4) A person holding any of the following offices shall relinquish his or her position in that office on
appointment as a member of the Commission-
(a) a member of Parliament;
(b) a member of a local government council;
(c) a member of the executive of a political party or political organisation; or
(d) a public officer.
(5) A member of the Commission shall hold office for a term of four years but is eligible for re-
appointment; except that of the first members appointed under this Constitution, four shall be
appointed to hold office for three years which shall be specified in their instruments of
appointment.
(6) The emoluments of the members of the Commission shall be prescribed by Parliament and
shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.
(7) In the absence of both the Chairperson and the Deputy Chairperson, the President may
designate one of the members to act as Chairperson.
(8) A member of the Commission may be removed from office by the President only for-
(a) inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind;
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence.

Article 166 Functions of Public Service Commission

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, the actions of the Public Service
Commission include-
(a) to advise the President in performing his or her functions under article 172 of this Constitution;
(b) to appoint, promote and exercise disciplinary control over persons holding office in the public
service of Uganda as provided in article 172 of this Constitution;
(c) to review the terms and conditions of service, standing orders, training and qualifications of
public officers and matters connected with personnel management and development of the public
service and make recommendations on them to Government;
(d) to guide and co-ordinate District Service Commissions;
(e) to hear and determine grievances from persons appointed by District Service Commissions;
and
(f) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed by this Constitution or any other law.
(2) In the exercise of its functions, the Public Service Commission shall be independent and shall
not be subject to direction or control of any person or authority; except that it shall take into
account government policy relating to the public service.
(3) The Commission shall make a report to Parliament respect of each year, on the performance
of its functions.
(4) Parliament shall, by law, empower the Public Service Commission to make regulations for the
effective and efficient performance of its functions under this Constitution or any other law
Education Service Commission.

Article 167
(1) There shall be an Education Service Commission.
(2) The Commission shall consist of a Chairperson and six other members appointed by the
President with the approval of Parliament.
(3) The President shall appoint not more than two members of the Commission as Deputy
Chairpersons of the Commission.
(4) A person is not qualified to be a member of the Commission unless he or she is of high moral
character and proven integrity and has substantial experience in the field of education.
(5) A person holding any of the following offices shall relinquish his or her position in that office on
appointment as a member of the Commission-
(a) a member of Parliament;
(b) a member of a local government council;
(c) a member of the executive of a political party or political organisation;
(d) a member of any board or other authority responsible for the management of any school or
college: or
(e) a public officer.
(6) A member of the Education Service Commission shall hold office for four years but is eligible
for re-appointment; except that of the first members appointed under this Constitution, three shall
be appointed to hold office for three years which shall be specified in their instruments of
appointment.
(7) The emoluments of members of the Commission shall be prescribed by Parliament and shall
be charged on the Consolidated Fund.
(8) In the absence of both the Chairperson and Deputy Chairpersons, the President may
designate one of the members to act as Chairperson.
(9) A member of the Commission may be removed from office by the President only for-
(a) inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind; or
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence.
Article 168
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Functions of Education Service Commission
shall-
(a) advise the President in performing, in relation to the education service, his or her functions
under article 172 of this Constitution;
(b) have power to appoint persons to hold or act in any office in the education service, including
the power to confirm such appointments, to exercise disciplinary control over those persons and
to remove them from office;
(c) review the terms and conditions of service, standing orders, training and qualifications of
public officers in the education service and matters connected with their management and welfare
and make recommendations on them to Government;
(d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by this Constitution or any other law.
(2) In the exercise of its functions, the Commission shall be independent and shall not be subject
to the direction or control of any person or authority; except that it shall take into account
government policy relating to education.
(3) The Commission may, by writing, delegate any of its functions to a District Service
Commission or any other authority or officer.
(4) The Commission shall make a report to Parliament in respect of each year, on the
performance of its functions.
(5) Subject to the provisions of this article, Parliament shall by law regulate the functions of the
Commission and prescribe the categories of public officers to constitute the education service.

Article 169 Health Service Commission

(l) There shall be a Health Service Commission.
(2) The Commission shall consist of a Chairperson and six other members at least three of whom
shall be persons who have substantial experience in health science, all of whom shall be
appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament.
(3) The President shall appoint one member of the Commission as Deputy Chairperson of the
Commission.
(4) A person is not qualified to be a member of the Commission unless he or she is of high moral
character and proven integrity.
(5) A person holding any of the following offices shall quish his or her office on appointment as a
member of the commission-
(a) a member of Parliament;
(b) a member of a local government council;
(c) a member of the executive of a political party or political organisation;
(d) a member of any board or other authority responsible for the management of any Government
hospital or similar Government establishment; or
(e) a public officer.
(6) A member of the Commission shall hold office for years but is eligible for re-appointment;
except that of the members appointed under this Constitution, three shall be appointed to hold
office for three years which shall be specified in their instruments of appointment.
(7) The emoluments of members of the Commission be prescribed by Parliament and shall be
charged on the consolidated Fund.
(8) In the absence of both the Chairperson and the deputy Chairperson, the President may
designate one of the members to act as Chairperson.
(9) A member of the Commission may be removed from office by the President only for-
(a) inability to perform, the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind;
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence

Article 170
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Health Service Commission shall-
(a) advise the President in performing, m relation to health service, his or her functions under
article of this Constitution;
(b) have power to appoint persons to hold or act in office in the health service, including the
power to confirm such appointments, to exercise disciplinary control over those persons and to
remove them from office;
(c) review the terms and conditions of service, standing orders, training and qualifications of
members of the health service and matters connected with the management and welfare and
make recommendations on them to Government;
(d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed this Constitution or any other law.
(2) In the exercise of its functions, the Commission shall be independent and shall not be subject
to the direction or control of any person or authority; except that it shall take into account
government policy relating to health.
(3) The Commission may, by writing, delegate any of functions to a District Service Commission
or any other authority or officer.
(4) The Commission shall make a report to Parliament respect of each year on the performance
of its functions.
(5) Subject to the provisions of this article, Parliament shall, by law regulate the functions of the
Commission prescribe the categories of public officers to constitute health service.

Article 171
Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and any Act of Parliament, the President may, after
consultation with the appropriate service commission, establish offices in the public ice of the
Government of Uganda.

Article 172
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution-
(a) the President may, acting in accordance with the advice of the Public Service Commission,
the Education Service Commission or the Health Service Commission as the case may be,
appoint persons to hold or act in any office in the public service of Uganda of the rank of Head of
Department or above other than those referred to in article 200 of this Constitution, including
confirmation of appointments, the exercise of disciplinary control over such persons and their
removal from office;
(b) the Public Service Commission, the Education Service Commission or the Health Service
Commission, as the case may be, may appoint persons to hold or act in any office in the public
service of Uganda other than those referred to in paragraph (a) of this clause and in article 200 of
this Constitution, including the confirmation of their appointments and the exercise of disciplinary
control over such persons and their removal from office.
(2) Except with the consent of the President, no person shall be appointed under this article to act
in any office on the personal staff of the President.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the President may delegate any of his or her
powers under this article directions in writing, to any service commission or to any other authority
or public officer as may be prescribed by Parliament and may, in like manner, revoke the
delegation.

Article 173
A public officer shall not be-
(a) victimized or discriminated against for having performed his or her duties faithfully in
accordance with this Constitution; or
(b) dismissed or removed from office or reduced in rank or otherwise punished without just cause.

Article 174
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, a ministry or department of the Government of
Uganda shall be under the supervision of a Permanent Secretary whose office shall be public
office.
(2) A Permanent Secretary shall be appointed by the President acting in accordance with the
advice of the Public Service Commission.
(3) The functions of a Permanent Secretary under this article include-
(a) organisation and operation of the department or ministry;
(b) tendering advice to the responsible Minister in respect of the business of the department or
ministry;
(c) implementation of the policies of the Government Uganda;
(d) subject to article 164 of this Constitution, responsibility for the proper expenditure of public
funds by or in connection with the department or ministry.

Article 175
In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires- "public officer'' means any person holding
or acting in office in the public service; "public service" means service in any civil capacity the
Government the emoluments for which payable directly from the Consolidated Fund directly out
of moneys provided by Parliament.

CHAPTER 11- LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Article 176 Principles and Structures of Local Government

(1) The system of local government in Uganda shall be based on the district as a unit under which
there shall be such lower local and administrative units as Parliament may by law provide.
(2) The following principles shall apply to the local government system-
(a) the system shall be such as to ensure that functions, powers and responsibilities are devolved
and transferred from the Government to local government units in a coordinated manner;
(b) decentralisation shall be a principle applying to all levels of local government and in particular,
from higher to lower local government units to ensure peoples' participation and democratic
control in decision making;
(c) the system shall be such as to ensure the full realisation of democratic governance at all local
government levels;
(d) there shall be established for each local government unit a sound financial base with reliable
sources of revenue;
(e) appropriate measures shall be taken to enable local government units to plan, initiate and
execute policies in respect of all matters affecting the people within their jurisdiction;
(f) persons in the service of local government shall be employed by the local governments; and
(g) the local governments shall oversee the performance of persons employed by the
Government to provide services in their areas and to monitor the provision of Government
services or the implementation of projects in their areas.
(3) The system of local government shall be based on democratically elected councils on the
basis of universal adult suffrage in accordance with clause (4) of article 181 of this Constitution.

Article 177 Districts of Uganda

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, for the purposes of local governments Uganda
shall be divided into the districts referred to in clause (2) of article 5 of this Constitution.
(2) The districts referred to in clause (1) of this article shall be taken to have been divided into the
lower local government units which existed immediately before the coming into force of this
Constitution.

Article 178 Co-operation among districts

(1) Two or more districts shall be free to co-operate in the areas of culture and development as
set out in the Fifth Schedule to this Constitution and may, for that purpose, form and support
councils, trust funds or secretariats, subject to the following-
(a) such co-operation shall conform to the democratic principles enshrined in this Constitution;
(b) the councils, trust funds or secretariats so formed shall not have power to levy taxes; but
Parliament may make provision enabling them to raise funds in addition to funds made available
to them by the cooperating districts;
(c) the terms and conditions of the co-operation shall be embodied in a charter signed by the
consenting districts and deposited with the Speaker of Parliament; and
(d) the councils, trust funds or secretariats formed under this article shall have power to make
rules, regulations and bye-laws in relation to the functions assigned to them; except that such
rules, regulations and bye-laws shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution or
any existing law and shall not be effective unless ratified by the district councils of the co-
operating districts.
(2) The councils, trust funds or secretariats formed under this article shall be bodies corporate
with powers to sue be sued.
(3) Subject to clause (1) of this article and to the provisions of this Constitution, the districts of
Buganda as specified in First Schedule to this Constitution, shall be deemed to have agreed to
co-operate on the coming into force of this Constitution.
(4) Any district may withdraw from co-operation under this article if-
(a) a resolution is passed by the district council of the district in favour of withdrawal, supported
by two-thirds of all the members of the council; and
(b) the resolution is supported by a resolution of Parliament.

Article 179 Boundaries of Local government units

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may-
(a) alter the boundaries of districts; and
(b) create new districts.
(2) Any measure to alter the boundary of a district or to create a new district shall be supported by
a majority of all the members of Parliament.
(3) Parliament shall by law empower district councils to alter the boundaries of lower local
government units and to create new local government units within their districts.
(4) Any measure for the alteration of the boundaries of the creation of districts or administrative
units shall be based on the necessity for effective administration and the need to bring services
closer to the people and it may take into account the means of communication, geographical
features, density of population, economic viability and the wishes of the people concerned.

Article 180 Local government councils

(1) A local government shall be based on a council which shall be the highest political authority
within its area of jurisdiction and which shall have legislative and executive powers to be
exercised in accordance with this Constitution.
(2) Parliament shall by law prescribe the composition, the qualifications, functions and electoral
procedures in respect of local government councils, except that-
(a) the person elected as District Chairperson of a local government shall be a member of the
council;
(b) one third of the membership of each local government council shall be reserved for women;
and
(c) any law enacted by virtue of this article shall provide for affirmative action for all marginalised
groups referred to in article 32 of this Constitution;
(d) Parliament shall exercise similar powers of review as stipulated in clause (2) of article 78 of
this Constitution, in relation to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this clause.
(3) A person shall not be a member of a local government council unless that person is a citizen
of Uganda.

Article 181 Elections of local government councils

(1) A district shall be divided by the Electoral commission into electoral areas which shall be
demarcated in such a way that the number of inhabitants in the electoral areas councils re as
nearly as possible equal.
(2) The number of inhabitants in an electoral area may be greater or less than other electoral
areas in order to take account means of communication, geographical features and density of
population.
(3) The demarcation of electoral areas shall ensure that a sub-county, a town council or an
equivalent part of a municipality is represented at the district council by at least one person.
(4) All local government councils shall be elected every four years.
(5) Elections of all local government councils shall take place at least sixty days before the expiry
of the term of the existing council, but shall not coincide with Presidential or parliamentary
elections.

Article 182 Revocation of mandate

(1) Subject to clause (2) of this article, the mandate of an elected member of a local government
council may be revoked by the electorate.
(2) Parliament shall by law prescribe the grounds on which and the manner in which the
electorate may revoke the mandate of an elected member of a local government council.

Article 183 District Chairperson

(1) There shall be a District Chairperson who shall-
(a) be the political head of the district; and
(b) be elected by universal adult suffrage through a secret ballot.
(2) A person is not qualified to be elected District Chairperson unless he or she is-
(a) qualified to be elected a member of Parliament;
(b) at least thirty years and not more than seventy-five years of age; and
(c) a person ordinarily resident in the district.
(3) The District Chairperson shall-
(a) preside at meetings of the executive committee of the district;
(b) monitor the general administration of the district;
(c) co-ordinate the activities of urban councils and councils of the lower local administrative units
in the district;
(d) co-ordinate and monitor Government functions as between the district and the Government;
and
(e) perform such other functions as Parliament may prescribe.
(4) In the performance of the functions under clause (3) of this article, the Chairperson shall be
subject to the rules, decisions and recommendations of the district council and be answerable to
the council.

Article 184 Speaker of District council

(1) Each district council shall have a Speaker elected by the district council from among its
members; but a person shall only be taken to have been elected if the votes cast in his or her
favour are more than fifty percent of all the members of the council.
(2) The Speaker of the council shall, in relation to the council, perform similar functions to those of
the Speaker of Parliament.

Article 185 Removal of District chairperson and speaker

The District Chairperson or the Speaker of a district council may be removed from office by the
council by resolution supported by the votes of not less than two-thirds of all members of the
council on any of the following grounds-
(a) abuse of office;
(b) misconduct or misbehaviour; or
(c) such physical or mental incapacity as would render him or her incapable of performing the
duties of his or her office.
(2) Parliament shall prescribe any other grounds and the for the removal of a District Chairperson
or the Speaker of a council under this article.

Article 186 District executive committee

(1) There shall be an executive committee for each Distinct council which shall perform the
executive functions of the council.
(2) An executive committee shall consist of-
(a) the District Chairperson;
(b) the Vice-Chairperson; and
(c) such number of Secretaries as the council may decide.
(3) The Vice-Chairperson shall be a person nominated by the District Chairperson from among
members of the council and approved by two-thirds of all members of the council.
(4) The Secretaries shall be nominated by the Chairperson from among members of the council
and approved by a majority of all members of the Council.
(5) The Vice-Chairperson shall deputise for the Chairperson and shall perform such other
functions as may be assigned to him or her by the Chairperson.
(6) If the District Chairperson dies, resigns or is removed from office, the Vice-Chairperson shall
assume the office of Chairperson until the election of a new District Chairperson, but the election
shall be held within six months after the occurrence of the event.
(7) A Secretary shall have responsibility for such functions of the district council as the District
Chairperson may, from to time assign to him or her.
(8) A district council shall appoint standing and committees necessary for the efficient
performance of its functions
(9) The following shall apply with respect to the composition of the committees of a district council
(a) the chairpersons and members of the committees be elected from among the members of the
council
(b) the District Chairperson, the Vice-Chairperson a Secretary, shall not be members of a
committee of the council but may take part in its proceedings without voting.

Article 187 Vacation of office of member of district executive committee

(1) The office of a member of a district executive committee shall become vacant if-
(a) the appointment of that member is revoked by the District Chairperson; or
(b) that member-
(i) is elected as Speaker of the district council;
(ii) resigns from office;
(iii) becomes disqualified to be a member of the council;
(iv) is unable to perform his or her function to mental or physical incapacity or die
(v) is censured by the council; or
(c) a new Chairperson assumes office.
(2) A district council may, by resolution supported by not less than half of all members of the
council, pass a censure against a member of the executive committee.
(3) Proceedings for censure shall be initiated by a petition to the Chairperson through the
Speaker signed by not less than one-third of all the members of the district council to the effect
that they are dissatisfied with the conduct or performance of the member of the executive
committee.
(4) The Chairperson shall, upon receipt of the petition, cause a copy of it to be given to the
member of the executive committee in question.
(5) The motion for the resolution of censure shall not be debated until the expiry of fourteen days
after the petition was sent to the Chairperson.
(6) A member of the executive committee in respect of whom a vote of censure is debated under
clause.
(5) of this article is entitled during the debate to be heard in his or her defence.
(7) Nothing in this article shall prevent a person from being re-appointed to the executive
committee of a district council.

Article 188 Chief Administrative officer

(1) There shall be a Chief Administrative Officer for every district.
(2) The Chief Administrative Officer shall be appointed by the District Service Commission and
shall be the chief accounting officer for the district.
(3) Parliament shall by law establish the qualifications 3rd functions of the Chief Administrative
Officer.
Article 189 Functions of Government and district councils
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the functions and services specified in the Sixth
Schedule to this Constitution shall be the responsibility of the Government.
(2) District councils and the councils of lower local government units may, on request by them, be
allowed to exercise the functions and services specified in the Sixth Schedule to this Constitution
or if delegated to them by the Government or by Parliament by law.
(3) District councils shall have responsibility for any functions and services not specified in the
Sixth Schedule to this Constitution.
(4) Subject to the provisions of this constitution Government may, on request by a district council,
assume responsibility for functions and services assigned to the district council.

Article 190 Finances of Local Governments

District councils shall prepare comprehensive and grated development plans incorporating the
plans of lower local governments for submission, to the National Plan Authority.

Article 191 Power to Levy and appropriate taxes

(1) Local governments shall have power to levy, charge, collect and appropriate fees and taxes in
accordance with any law enacted by Parliament by virtue of article 152 of Constitution.
(2) The fees and taxes to be levied, charged, collected appropriated under clause (1) of this
article shall consist of rents, rates, royalties, stamp duties, personal graduated tax, cess, on
registration and licensing and any other fees and taxes that Parliament may prescribe.
(3) No appropriation of funds by a local government shall be made unless approved in a budget
by its council.
(4) Parliament shall by law make provision for appeals in relation to taxes to which this article
applies.

Article 192 Collection of taxes by local governments

Parliament shall by law provide-
(a) for the taxes that may be collected by a local government for or on behalf of the Government
for pay into the Consolidated Fund;
(b) for a local government to retain for the purposes of its functions and services, a specified
proportion of revenues collected for or on behalf of Government from the district.

Article 193 Grants to Local government

(1) The President shall for each financial year, in accordance with this Constitution, cause to be
presented to Parliament proposals as to the moneys to be paid out of the Consolidated Fund as-
(a) unconditional grant in accordance with clause (2) of this article;
(b) conditional grant in accordance with clause (3) of this article;
(c) equalisation grant in accordance with clause (4) of this article.
(2) Unconditional grant is the minimum grant that shall be paid to local governments to run
decentralised services and shall be calculated in the manner specified in the Seventh Schedule to
this Constitution.
(3) Conditional grant shall consist of moneys given to local governments to finance programmes
agreed upon between the Government and the local governments; and shall be expended only
for the purposes for which it was made and in accordance with the conditions agreed upon.
(4) Equalisation grant is the money to be paid to local governments for giving subsidies or making
special provisions for the least developed districts; and shall be based on the degree to which a
local government unit is lagging behind the national I average standard for a particular service.
(5) District councils shall be obliged to indicate how conditional and equalisation grants obtained
from the Government are to be passed onto the lower levels of local government.
(6) The proposals made under clause (1) of this article shall be made at the same time as the
estimates of revenue and expenditure under article 155 of this Constitution and shall state the
sums of moneys that are to be paid to each local government.
(7) The proposals made under this article shall form part of the Appropriation Act as provided for
in article 156 of this Constitution .
Article 194 Local government Finance Commission
There shall be a Local Government Finance Commission which shall consist of seven members
appointed by the President.
(2) Of the seven members referred to in clause (1) of this article, four shall be nominated by the
local governments.
(3) The members of the Local Government Finance Commission shall elect from among
themselves a Chairperson and a Vice-Chairperson.
(4) The Local Government Finance Commission shall-
(a) advise the President on all matters concerning the distribution of revenue between the
Government and local governments and the allocation to each local government of moneys out of
the Consolidated Fund;
(b) in consultation with the National Planning Authority, consider and recommend to the President
the amount to be allocated as the equalisation and conditional grants and their allocation to each
local government;
(c) consider and recommend to the President potential sources of revenue for local governments;
(d) advise the local governments on appropriate tax levels to be levied by local governments;
(e) perform such other functions as Parliament shall prescribe.
(5) The expenses of the Commission, including salaries, allowances and pensions payable to
persons serving with the Commission, shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.

Article 195 Loans and Grants

Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and with the approval of the Government, a local
government may, for the carrying out of its functions and services, borrow money or accept and
use any grant or assistance as Parliament shall prescribe.

Article 196 Accountability

Parliament shall make laws-
(a) requiring each local government to draw up a comprehensive list of all its internal revenue
sources and to maintain data on total potential collectable revenues;
(b) prescribing financial control and accountability measures for compliance by all local
governments;
(c) imposing regular audit requirements and procedures for local governments.

Article 197 Financial autonomy of urban authorities

Urban authorities shall have autonomy over their financial and planning matters in relation to the
district councils as Parliament may, by law provide.

Article 198 District Service Commission

(1) There shall be a District Service Commission for each District.
(2) The District Service Commission shall consist of a chairperson and such other members as
the district council shall determine, at least one of whom shall represent urban authorities and all
of whom shall be appointed by the district council on the recommendation of the district executive
committee with the approval of the Public Service Commission.
(3) Members of a District Service Commission shall be persons of high moral character and
proven integrity.
(4) Members of a District Service Commission shall hold office for a period of four years but are
eligible for re-appointment for one more term.
(5) In the performance of its functions, a District Service Commission shall conform to the
standards established by the Public Service Commission for the public service generally.
(6) A member of the District Service Commission may be removed from office by the executive
committee of the district with the approval of the district council and after consultation with the
Public Service Commission but may be removed only for-
(a) inability to perform the functions of that office arising from physical or mental incapacity;
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence.
Article 199 Secondment of staff
Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Government may, on request by a district
council, post persons to fill, assist and complement the service of a local government.

Article 200 Functions of District Service Commission

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the power to appoint persons to hold or act in
any office in the service of a district, including the power to confirm appointments, to exercise
disciplinary control over persons holding or acting in any such office and to remove those persons
from office is vested in the District Service Commission.
(2) The terms and conditions of service of local government staff shall conform with those
prescribed by the Public Service Commission for the public service generally.
(3) The District Service Commission may establish committees in respect of specialised
disciplines.

Article 201 Exercise of administrative functions

201. The functions of a district government shall be exercised in accordance with this Constitution
and any other law; but the exercise of those functions shall not detract from the order and good
governance of any part of Uganda.

Article 202 Take-over of district administration by President

(1) The President may, with the approval of two-thirds Take-over of all the members of
Parliament, assume the executive and legislative powers of any district in any of the following
circumstances-
(a) where the district council so requests and it is in the public interest to do so;
(b) where a state of emergency has been declared in that district or in Uganda generally; or
(c) where it has become extremely difficult or impossible for district government to function.
(2) The exercise by the President of the power conferred by this article, may be done through
such persons or officers as the President may appoint; and the legislative functions shall be
exercised by statutory instruments.
(3) Unless approved by Parliament for a longer term, the exercise by the President of the power
conferred by this article, shall be for a period not exceeding ninety days.
(4) Upon the expiry of the term under clause(3) of this
(a) the President shall hand back the administration of the district to the incumbent district
government; or
(b) if Parliament decides that the prevailing circumstances still make it impossible for the
incumbent district government to resume the administration of the district then-
(i) where the unexpired term of the council is longer than twelve months, the President shall
cause elections to be held for a new district council within sixty days; or
(ii) where the unexpired term of the council is less than twelve months the President shall
continue to administer the district until the next elections are held.

Article 203 Resident District Commissioner

(1) There shall be for each district a Resident District Commissioner who shall be a senior civil
servant appointed by the President.
(2) The functions of a Resident District Commissioner are-
(a) to co-ordinate the administration of Government services in the district;
(b) to advise the District Chairperson on matters of a national nature that may affect the district or
its plans and programmes and particularly the relations between the district and the Government;
and
(c) to carry out such other functions as may be assigned by the President or prescribed by
Parliament.

Article 204 Terms and conditions of Service

Parliament shall prescribe the guidelines to be followed by the district councils, in determining
terms and conditions of service for-
(a) members of the local government councils; and
(b) members of the District Service Commissions and their committees.

Article 205 Prohibition of holding political office

(1) No person shall hold concurrently on a full time basis-
(a) in the service of the Government and that of a local government; or
(b) in the service of a higher local government and that of a lower local government.
(2) In this article, "political office" means the office of a Minister, a member of Parliament or a
member of a local government council, or any other office prescribed by Parliament.

Article 206 Parliament to make laws regarding local government

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament shall make laws relating to local
Government for the laws purpose of giving full effect to this Chapter.
(2) Without prejudice to the general effect of clause (1) of this article, Parliament may make laws-
(a) limiting the number of political offices that may be created by the local governments;
(b) enabling councils to make laws, regulations or other instruments for the administration of their
areas of jurisdiction;
(c) requiring that with appropriate modifications, the system of government as it operates at
district level shall apply at the lower levels of local government units.

Article 207 Interpretation

In this Chapter, a reference to a local government Inter includes-
(a) a district council;
(b) an urban council;
(c) a sub-county council; or
(d) any other unit prescribed by law to replace any of the councils mentioned in paragraphs (a),
(b) and (c) of this article.

CHAPTER 12- DEFENCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY

Article 208 Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces (UPDF)

(l) There shall be armed forces to be known as the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces.
(2) The Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces shall be non-partisan, national in character, patriotic,
professional, disciplined, productive and subordinate to the civilian authority as established under
this Constitution.
(3) Members of the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces shall be citizens of Uganda of good
character.
(4) No person shall raise an armed force except in accordance with this Constitution.

Article 209
The functions of the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces are-
(a) to preserve and defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda;
(b) to co-operate with the civilian authority in emergency situations and in cases of natural
disasters;
(c) to foster harmony and understanding between the Defence Forces and civilians; and
(d) to engage in productive activities for the development of Uganda.

Article 210
Parliament shall make laws regulating the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces, and in particular,
providing for-
(a) the organs and structures of the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces
(b) recruitment, appointment, promotion, discipline and removal of members of the Uganda
Peoples' Defence Forces and ensuring that members of the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces
are recruited from every district of Uganda;
(c) terms and conditions of service of members of the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces; and
(d) the deployment of troops outside Uganda.

Article 211 Uganda Police Force

(1) There shall be a police force to be known as the Uganda Police Force and such other police
forces in Uganda as Parliament may by law prescribe.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, every police force in Uganda shall be organised
and administered in such a manner and shall have such functions as Parliament may by law
prescribe.
(3) The Uganda Police Force shall be nationalistic, patriotic, professional, disciplined, competent
and productive; and its members shall be citizens of Uganda of good character.

Article 212
The functions of the Uganda Police Force shall include the following-
(a) to protect life and property;
(b) to preserve law and order;
(c) to prevent and detect crime; and
(d) to co-operate with the civilian authority and other security organs established under this
Constitution and with the population general.

Article 213
(1) There shall be an Inspector-General of Police and Deputy Inspector-General of Police
(2) The Inspector-General and the Deputy Inspector General of Police shall be appointed by the
President with the approval of Parliament.
(3) The Uganda Police Force shall be under the command of the Inspector-General of Police who
shall be assisted by the Deputy Inspector-General of Police in the performance of his or her
functions.
(4) In the performance of the functions under clause (3) of this article, the Inspector-General of
Police shall be subject to and act in accordance with the laws of Uganda; except that on matters
of policy, the President may give directions to the Inspector-General.
(5) The Inspector-General or the Deputy Inspector General of Police may be removed from office
by the President.

Article 214
Parliament shall make laws-
(a) providing for the organisation and administration of the Uganda Police Force;
(b) ensuring that members of the Uganda Police Force are recruited from every district of
Uganda; and
(c) regulating generally the Uganda Police Force.

Article 215 Uganda Prisons Service

(1) There shall be a prisons service to be known as Uganda Prisons Service.
(2) The Uganda Prisons Service shall be nationalistic, patriotic, professional, disciplined,
competent and productive and its members shall be citizens of Uganda of good character
recruited from every district of Uganda.

Article 216
(1) There shall be a Commissioner of Prisons and a Deputy Commissioner of Prisons appointed
by the President Deputy with the approval of Parliament.
(2) The Commissioner or the Deputy Commissioner of Prisons may be removed by the President.

Article 217
Parliament shall make laws-
(a) providing for the organisation, administration and functions of the Uganda Prisons Service;
(b) ensuring that members of the Uganda Prisons Service are recruited from every district of
Uganda; and
(c) regulating generally the Uganda Prisons Service.

Article 218 Intelligence Services

(1) Parliament may by law establish intelligence services Intelligence and may prescribe their
composition, functions and procedures. Services.
(2) No intelligence service shall be established by the Government except by or under an Act of
Parliament.

Article 219 National Security Council

There shall be a National Security Council which shall consist of the President as Chairperson
and such other members as Parliament may determine.

Article 220
The functions of the National Security Council are-
(a) to inform and advise the President on matters relating Council to national security; and
(b) any other functions prescribed by Parliament.

Article 221 General

It shall be the duty of the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces and any other armed force
established in Uganda, the Uganda Police Force and any other police force, the Uganda Prisons
Service, all intelligence services and the National Security Council to observe and respect human
rights and freedoms in the performance of their functions.

Article 222
Parliament shall make laws to regulate the possession and use of firearms and ammunition.

CHAPTER 13- INSPECTORATE OF GOVERNMENT

Article 223
(1) There shall be an Inspectorate of Government
(2) The Inspectorate of Government shall consist of-
(a) the Inspector-General of Government; and
(b) such number of Deputy Inspectors-General as Parliament may prescribe.
(3) At least one of the persons referred to in clause (2) of this article shall be a person qualified to
be appointed a Judge of the High Court.
(4) The Inspector-General of Government and a Deputy Inspector-General shall be appointed by
the President with the approval of Parliament and shall not, while holding office, hold any other
office of emolument in the public service.
(5) A person shall not be eligible for appointment as Inspector-General of Government or Deputy
Inspector-General of Government unless that person-
(a) is a citizen of Uganda; and
(b) is a person of high moral character and proven integrity; and
(c) possesses considerable experience and demonstrated competence and is of high caliber in
the conduct of public affairs.
(6) A person shall resign his or her office on appointment an Inspector-General or a Deputy
Inspector-General, if that person is-
(a) a member of Parliament
(b) a member of a local government council; or
(c) a member of the executive of a political party
(7) The Inspector-General of Government and Deputy Inspectors-General shall hold office for a
term of four years but shall be eligible for re-appointment only once.
(8) The remuneration and other conditions of service of members of the Inspectorate of
Government shall be prescribed by Parliament and the salaries and allowances of members of
the Inspectorate shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.

Article 224 Removal of Inspector-General and Deputy Inspector-General

The Inspector-General or a Deputy Inspector-General and may be removed from office by the
President on the recommendation of a special tribunal constituted by Parliament only for-
(a) inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind; or
(b) misconduct, misbehaviour or conduct unbecoming of the holder of the office; or
(c) incompetence.

Article 225 Functions of Inspectorate

(1) The functions of the Inspectorate of Government shall Inspectorate. be prescribed by
Parliament and shall include the following-
(a) to promote and foster strict adherence to the rule of law and principles of natural justice in
administration;
(b) to eliminate and foster the elimination of corruption, abuse of authority and of public office;
(c) to promote fair, efficient and good governance in public offices;
(d) subject to the provisions of this Constitution, to supervise the enforcement of the Leadership
Code of Conduct;
(e) to investigate any act, omission, advice, decision or recommendation by a public officer or any
other authority to which this article applies, taken, made, given or done in exercise of
administrative functions; and
(f) to stimulate public awareness about the values of constitutionalism in general and the activities
of its office, in particular, through any media and other means it considers appropriate.
(2) The Inspectorate of Government may investigate any matter referred to in paragraph (e) of
clause (1) of this article, on its own initiative or upon complaint made to it by any member of the
public, whether or not that person has personally suffered any injustice by reason of that matter.

Article 226 Jurisdiction of Inspectorate

The jurisdiction of the Inspectorate of Government shall cover officers or leaders whether
employed in the public service or not, and also such institutions, organisations or enterprises as r
of Parliament may prescribe by law.

Article 227 Independence of Inspectorate

The Inspectorate of Government shall be independent in performance of its functions and shall
not be subject to the of direction or control of any person or authority and shall only be
responsible to Parliament.

Article 228 Branches of Inspectorate

The Inspectorate of Government may establish branches of at district and other administrative
levels as it considers fit for the better performance of its functions.

Article 229 Resources of Inspectorate

(1) The Inspectorate of Government shall have an independent budget appropriated by
Parliament, and controlled by the Inspectorate.
(2) It shall be the duty of the State to facilitate the employment by the Inspectorate of such
adequate and qualified staff as are needed to enable the Inspectorate to perform its functions
effectively and efficiently.

Article 230 Special Powers to the Inspectorate

(1) The Inspectorate of Government shall have power to investigate, cause investigation, arrest,
cause arrest, prosecute cause prosecution in respect of cases involving corruption, abuse of
authority or of public office.
(2) The Inspector-General of Government may, during the course of his or her duties or as a
consequence of his or her findings, make such orders and give such directions as are necessary
and appropriate in the circumstances.
(3) Subject to the provisions of any law, the Inspectorate of Government shall have power to
enter and inspect the premises or property of any department of Government, person or any
authority, to call for, examine and where necessary, retain any document or item in connection
with the case being investigated, found on the premises; and may, in those premises, carry out
any investigation for the purpose of its functions.
(4) The Inspectorate of Government shall, when enforcing the Leadership Code of Conduct, have
all the powers conferred on it by this Chapter in addition to any other powers conferred by law.
(5) Subject to this Constitution, Parliament shall enact any law necessary for enabling the
Inspectorate of Government to discharge its functions effectively and efficiently and in particular,
to ensure that the discharge of those functions is not frustrated by any person or authority.

Article 231 Reports of Inspectorate

(1) The Inspectorate of Government shall submit to Parliament at least once in every six months,
a report on the performance of its functions, making such recommendations as it considers
necessary and containing such information as Parliament may require.
(2) A copy of the report referred to in clause (1) of this article shall be forwarded by the
Inspectorate of Government to the President; and where any matter contained in the report
relates to the administration of any local authority, an extract of the portion of the report on the
matter shall be forwarded to that local authority.
(3) The Speaker shall lay before Parliament the report submitted under clause (1) of this article
within thirty days after it has been submitted, if Parliament is then in session, or, if Parliament is
not in session, within thirty days after the commencement of its next session.

Article 232 Powers of Parliament regarding Inspectorate

(1) Parliament shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, make laws to give effect to the
provisions of this Chapter.
(2) Laws made for the purpose of this Chapter may, in particular, provide-
(a) for regulating the procedure for the making of complaints and requests to the Inspectorate of
Government and for the exercise of its functions;
(b) for conferring such powers on it and imposing such duties on persons concerned as are
necessary to facilitate it in the performance of its functions;
(c) for ensuring accessibility to the services of the Inspectorate by the general public and
decentralising the exercise of those functions and where necessary, for enabling the delegation
by the Inspectorate of any of those functions to other authorities or persons at district or lower
local government levels; and
(d) for regulating the functioning of the Inspectorate of Government in relation to other institutions
or bodies established under this Constitution or any other law.

CHAPTER 14- LEADERSHIP CODE OF CONDUCT

Article 233
(1) Parliament shall by law establish a Leadership Code of Conduct for persons holding such
offices as may be specified by Parliament.
(2) The Leadership Code of Conduct shall-
(a) require specified officers to declare their incomes, assets and liabilities from time to time and
how they acquired or incurred them, as the case may be;
(b) prohibit conduct-
(i) likely to compromise the honesty, impartiality and integrity of specified officers; or
(ii) likely to lead to corruption in public affairs; or
(iii) which is detrimental to the public good or welfare or good governance;
(c) prescribe the penalties to be imposed for breach of the Code, without prejudice to the
application of criminal penalties prescribed for the breach in question;
(d) prescribe powers, procedures and practices for ensuring the effective enforcement of the
Code; and
(e) make any other provision as may be necessary for ensuring the promotion and maintenance
of honesty, probity, impartiality and integrity in public affairs and the protection of public funds and
other public property.

Article 234 Enforcement of Code

The Leadership Code of Conduct shall be enforced by the Inspectorate of Government or such
other authority as Parliament may by law prescribe.

Article 235 Disqualification for breach of Code

Parliament may, by law, provide that a person who has been dismissed or removed from office by
reason of breach of the Code of Conduct shall be disqualified from holding any other Code public
office whether appointive or elective and either generally or for a prescribed period.

Article 236 Interpretation

In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, "specified officer" means the holder of an
office to which the Leadership Code of Conduct applies.

CHAPTER 15 LAND AND ENVIRONMENT

Article 237 Land ownership

(1) Land in Uganda belongs to the citizens of Uganda and shall vest in them in accordance with
the land tenure systems provided for in this Constitution.
(2) Notwithstanding clause (1) of this article-
(a) the Government or a local government may, subject to article 26 of this Constitution, acquire
land in the public interest; and the conditions governing such acquisition shall be as prescribed by
Parliament;
(b) the Government or a local government as determined by Parliament by law, shall hold in trust
for the people and protect, natural lakes, rivers, wetlands, forest reserves, game reserves,
national parks and any land to be reserved for ecological and touristic purposes for the common
good of all citizens;
(c) non-citizens may acquire leases in land in accordance with the laws prescribed by Parliament
and the laws so prescribed shall define a non-citizen for the purposes of this paragraph.
(3) Land in Uganda shall be owned in accordance with the following land tenure systems-
(a) customary;
(b) freehold;
(c) mailo; and
(d) leasehold
(4) On the coming into force of this Constitution-
(a) all Uganda citizens owning land under customary tenure may acquire certificates of ownership
in a manner prescribed by Parliament; and
(b) land under customary tenure may be converted to freehold land ownership by registration.
(5) Any lease which was granted to a Uganda citizen out of public land may be converted into
freehold in accordance with a law which shall be made by Parliament.
(6) For the purposes of clause (5) of this article, "public land" includes statutory leases to urban
authorities.
(7) Parliament shall make laws to enable urban authorities to enforce and to implement planning
and development.
(8) Upon the coming into force of this Constitution and until Parliament enacts an appropriate law
under clause (9) of this article, the lawful or bona fide occupants of mailo land, freehold or
leasehold land shall enjoy security of occupancy on the land.
(9) Within two years after the first sitting of Parliament elected under this Constitution, Parliament
shall enact a law-
(a) regulating the relationship between the lawful or bona fide occupants of land referred to in
clause (8) of this article and the registered owners of that land;
(b) providing for the acquisition of registrable interest in the land by the occupant.

Article 238 Uganda Land Commission

(1) There shall be a commission to be known as the Uganda Land Commission.
(2) The Commission shall consist of a Chairperson and not less than four other members
appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament.
(3) A person holding office as a member of Parliament or a member of a local government council
shall relinquish that office upon appointment as a member of the Commission.
(4) The members of the Commission shall hold office for a period of five years and shall be
eligible to be re-appointed.
(5) A member of the Commission may be removed from office by the President only for-
(a) inability to perform the functions of his or her office arising from infirmity of body or mind;
(b) misbehaviour or misconduct; or
(c) incompetence.
(6) The salaries and allowances of the members of the Commission shall be charged on the
Consolidated Fund.

Article 239 Functions of Uganda Land Commission

The Uganda Land Commission shall hold and manage any land in Uganda vested in or acquired
by the Government of Uganda in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and shall
have such other functions as may be prescribed by Parliament.

Article 240 District land Boards

(1) There shall be a District Land Board for each district.
(2) Parliament shall prescribe the membership, procedure and terms of service of a District land
Board.

Article 241 Functions of District Land Boards

(1) The functions of a District Land Board are- Functions of
(a) to hold and allocate land in the district which is not owned by any person or authority;
(b) to facilitate the registration and transfer of interests in land; and
(c) to deal with all other matters connected with land in the district in accordance with laws made
by Parliament.
(2) In the performance of its functions, a District Land Board shall be independent of the Uganda
Land Commission and shall not be subject to the direction or control of any person or authority
but shall take into account national and District Council policy on land.

Article 242 General Land Use

Government may, under laws made by Parliament and policies made from time to time, regulate
the use of land.

Article 243 Land Tribunals

(1) Parliament shall by law provide for the establishment of land tribunals.
(2) The jurisdiction of a land tribunal shall include-
(a) the determination of disputes relating to the grant, lease, repossession, transfer or acquisition
of land by individuals, the Uganda Land Commission or other authority with responsibility relating
to land; and
(b) the determination of any disputes relating to the amount of compensation to be paid for land
acquired.
(3) The Chairperson of a land tribunal established under this article shall be appointed on the
advice of the Judicial Service Commission under any law made for the purposes of clause (1) of
this article.
(4) A member of a land tribunal shall hold office on terms and conditions determined under a law
made by Parliament under this article.
(5) A law made under this article may prescribe the practice and procedure for land tribunals and
shall provide for a right of appeal from a decision of a land tribunal to a court of law.

Article 244 Minerals

(1) Subject to clause (9) of this article, Parliament shall make laws regulating-
(a) the exploitation of minerals;
(b) the sharing of royalties arising from mineral exploitation;
(c) the conditions for payment of indemnities arising out of exploitation of minerals, and
(d) the conditions regarding the restoration of derelict lands.
(2) Minerals and mineral ores shall be exploited taking into account the interests of the individual
land owners, local governments and the Government.
(3) For the purpose of this article, "mineral" does not include clay, murram, sand or any stone
commonly used for building or similar purposes.

Article 245 Environment Protection preservation of environment

Parliament shall, by law, provide for measures intended-
(a) to protect and preserve the environment from abuse, pollution and degradation;
(b) to manage the environment for sustainable development; and
(c) to promote environmental awareness.

CHAPTER 16- INSTITUTION OF TRADITIONAL OR CULTURAL LEADERS

Article 246
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the institution of traditional leader or cultural
leader may exist in any area of Uganda in accordance with the culture, customs and traditions or
wishes and aspirations of the people to whom it applies.
(2) In any community, where the issue of traditional or cultural leader has not been resolved, the
issue shall be resolved by the community concerned using a method prescribed by Parliament.
(3) The following provisions shall apply in relation to traditional leaders or cultural leaders-
(a) the institution of traditional leader or cultural leader shall be a corporation sole with perpetual
succession and with capacity to sue and be sued and to hold assets or properties in trust for itself
and the people concerned;
(b) nothing in paragraph (a) shall be taken to prohibit a traditional leader or cultural leader from
holding any asset or property acquired in a personal capacity;
(c) traditional leader or cultural leader shall enjoy such privileges and benefits as may be
conferred by the Government and local government or as that leader may be entitled to under
culture, custom and tradition;
(d) subject to paragraph (c) of this clause, no person shall be compelled to pay allegiance or
contribute to the cost of maintaining a traditional leader or cultural leader;
(e) a person shall not, while remaining a traditional leader or cultural leader, join or participate in
partisan politics;
(f) a traditional leader or cultural leader shall not have or exercise any administrative, legislative
or executive powers of Government or local government.
(4) The allegiance and privileges accorded to a traditional leader or a cultural leader by virtue of
that office shall not be regarded as a discriminatory practice prohibited under article 21 of this
Constitution; but any custom, practice, usage or tradition relating to a traditional leader or cultural
leader which detracts from the rights of any person as guaranteed by this Constitution, shall be
taken to be prohibited under that article.
(5) For the avoidance of doubt, the institution of traditional leader or cultural leader existing
immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution shall be taken to exist in accordance
with the provisions of this Constitution.
(6) For the purposes of this article, "traditional leader or cultural leader" means a king or similar
traditional leader or cultural leader by whatever name called, who derives allegiance from the fact
of birth or descent in accordance with the customs, traditions, usage or consent of the people led
by that traditional or cultural leader.

CHAPTER 17- GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS

Article 247 Administration of estimates

Parliament shall-
(a) by law establish an efficient, fair and expeditious machinery for the administration and
management of the estates of deceased persons; and
(b) under the law referred to in paragraph (a) of this article, ensure that the services of the
department or organisation established for the purpose are decentralised and accessible to all
persons who may reasonably require those services and that the interests of all beneficiaries are
adequately protected.

Article 248 Law Reform Commission

(1) There shall be a Law Reform Commission for Uganda the composition and functions of which
shall be prescribed by Parliament by law.
(2) The Law Reform Commission established under clause (1) of this article shall publish periodic
reports on its findings and submit annual reports to Parliament.

Article 249 Disaster Preparedness and Management Commission

(1) There shall be a Disaster Preparedness and Disaster Management Commission for Uganda
to deal with both natural and man-made disasters.
(2) Parliament shall, for the purposes of this article, prescribe the composition, functions and
procedure for implementation of the functions of the Commission.

Article 250 Legal Proceedings by or Against Government

(1) Where a person has a claim against the Government, that claim may be enforced as a right by
proceedings taken against the Government for that purpose.
(2) Civil proceedings by or against the Government shall be instituted by or against the Attorney-
General; and all documents required to be served on the Government for the purpose of or in
connection with those proceedings, shall be served on the Attorney-General.
(3) Parliament may by law make provision for the purposes of clause (1) of this article.
(4) In the title of any criminal proceedings, the prosecution shall be designated by the word
"Uganda".

Article 251 Performance of functions of Commissions and authorities

(1) Any commission or authority established by this Constitution may, subject to the provisions of
this Constitution, regulate its own procedure or confer powers or impose duties on any officer or
authority of the Government for the purpose of discharging its functions.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, any decision of any commission or authority
established by this Constitution shall require the concurrence of a majority of all its members; and
it may act notwithstanding the absence of any member or any vacancy in the office of a member.
(3) In this article, "commission or authority" includes a council and a committee of the commission
or authority.
Article 252 Resignations
(l) Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, any person who is appointed or elected to
any office established by this Constitution may resign from that office by writing signed by that
person addressed to the person or authority by whom he or she was appointed or elected.
(2) The resignation of a person from any office established by this Constitution shall take effect in
accordance with the terms on which that person was appointed or, if there are no such terms,
when the writing signifying the resignation is received by the person or authority to whom it is
addressed or by any person authorised by that person or authority to receive it.
(3) For the purposes of clause (1) of this article, ''office'' includes the office of-
(a) the vice-President;
(b) the Speaker and Deputy Speaker;
(c) a Minister;
(d) the Attorney-General;
(e) a member of Parliament;
(f) a member of any commission, authority, council or committee established by this Constitution;
and
(g) a public officer.
(4) Subject to the provisions of this article, Parliament may make laws providing for the
resignation of persons holding offices established by this Constitution not provided for in this
article.

Article 253 Re-appointments and concurrent appointments

(1) Where any person has vacated an office established by this Constitution, that person may, if
qualified, again be appointed or elected to hold that office in accordance with the provisions of
this Constitution.
(2) Where a power is conferred by this constitution on any person to make any appointment to
any office, he or she may appoint a person to that office even while another person holds the
office, when that other person is on leave of absence pending the relinquishment of the office.
(3) Where two or more persons hold the same office by reason of an appointment made by virtue
of clause (2) of this article, then, for the purposes of any function conferred on the holder of that
office, the person last appointed shall be taken to be the sole holder of that office.

Article 254 Pensions

(1) A public officer shall, on retirement, receive such pension as is commensurate with his or her
rank, salary and length of service.
(2) The pension payable to any person shall be exempt from tax and shall be subject to periodic
review to take account of changes in the value of money.
(3) The payment of pension shall be prompt and regular and easily accessible to pensioners.

Article 255 Right of citizens to demand referenda

Parliament may by law make provision for the right of citizens to demand the holding by the
Electoral Commission of a referendum whether national or in any particular part of Uganda, on
any issue.

Article 256 Manner of administering oaths

Oaths specified m the Fourth Schedule to this Constitution shall be administered in a manner
prescribed by law.

Article 257 Interpretations

(1) In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires-
"Act of Parliament" means a law made by Parliament;
"article" means an article of this Constitution,
"child" means a person under the age of eighteen years;
"court" means a court of judicature established by or under the authority of this
Constitution;
"Court of Appeal" means the Court of Appeal of Uganda;
 "district" means a district referred to in article 5 of this Constitution;
"district council" means a district council established under article 180 of this Constitution;
"education service" means any part of the public service established as the education
service by Parliament by law in conformity with this Constitution;
"financial year" means the period of twelve months ending on the thirtieth day of June in
any year or such other day as Parliament may by law, prescribe;
"functions" includes powers and duties;
"Gazette" means the Uganda Gazette and includes any supplement of that Gazette
"Government" means the Government of Uganda;
"health service" means any part of the public service established as the health service by
Parliament by law in conformity with this Constitution;
"High Court" means the High Court of Uganda;
"judgement" includes a decision, an order or decree of the court;
"judicial power" means the power to dispense justice among persons and between
persons and the State under the laws of Uganda;
"Leadership Code of Conduct" means the Leadership Code of Conduct established under
Chapter Fourteen of this Constitution;
"local government council" means a council referred to in article 180 of this Constitution;
"Minister" means a Minister of the Government and includes a Minister of State and a
Deputy Minister;
"Oath of allegiance" means an oath of allegiance prescribed by this Constitution;
"Parliament" means the Parliament of Uganda;
"President" means the President of Uganda;
"public office" means an office in the public service;
"public officer" means a person holding or acting in any public office;
"public service" means service in a civil capacity of the Government or of a local
government;
"session" means a series of meetings of Parliament within period of twelve months;
"sitting" includes a period during which Parliament continuously sitting without
adjournment and a period during which it is in Committee;
"Speaker" means the Speaker of Parliament an "Deputy Speaker" shall be construed
according
"subordinate court" means a court subordinate to the High Court;
"Supreme Court" means the Supreme Court of Uganda
"Uganda" means the Republic of Uganda.

(2) In this Constitution-

(a) unless the context otherwise requires, a reference an office in the public service includes
(i) a reference to the office of Chief Justice, Deputy Chief Justice, Principal Judge, a Justice of the
Supreme Court or of a Justice of Appeal, or Judge of the High Court and the office of member of
any other court of law established by or under the authority of this Constitution other than a court-
martial, being an office the emoluments of which are paid directly from the Consolidated Fund or
directly out of moneys provided by Parliament; and
(ii) a reference to the office of a member of the Uganda Police Force, the Uganda Prisons
Service, the education service and the health service;
(b) a reference to an office in the public service does not include a reference to the office of the
President, the vice-President, the Speaker or Deputy Speaker, a Minister, the Attorney-General, a
member of Parliament or a member of any commission, authority, council or committee
established by this Constitution.
(3) In this Constitution unless the context otherwise requires, a reference to the holder of an office
by the term designating that office includes a reference to any person for the time being lawfully
acting in or performing the functions of that office.
(4) For the purposes of this Constitution, a person shall not be considered as holding a public
office by reason only of the fact that that person is in receipt of a pension or similar allowance in
respect of service under the Government.
(5) The power to remove a public officer from office includes the power to require or permit that
officer to retire from public service; except that nothing in this clause confers on any person or
authority power to require the retirement of a person holding a public office for which the method
of retirement or removal is specifically provided for by this Constitution.
(6) Any provision in this Constitution that vests in any person or authority power to remove a
public officer from office shall not prejudice the power of any person or authority to abolish any
office or any law providing for the compulsory retirement of public officers generally or any class
of public officer on attaining an age specified in that law.
(7) Where power is vested by this Constitution in any person or authority to appoint any person to
act in or perform the functions of any office if the holder of the office is unable to perform those
functions, no such appointment shall be called in question on the ground that the holder of the
office was able perform those functions.
(8) Where any power is conferred by this Constitution to make any statutory instrument or rule, or
pass any resolution, or give any direction, the power shall be construed as including the power,
exercisable in like manner to amend or revoke any such statutory instrument, rule, resolution or
direction.
(9) In this Constitution, references to the amendment of any of the provisions of this Constitution
or any Act of Parliament include references to the alteration, modification or re-enactment, with or
without amendment or modification of that provision, the suspension or repeal of that provision
and the making of a different provision in place of that provision requires-
(10) In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise
(a) words referring to natural persons include a reference to corporations;
(b) words in the singular include the plural, and words in the plural include the singular;
(c) words directing or empowering a public officer to do any act or thing, or otherwise applying to
that officer by the designation of the office of that person, include the successors in office and all
deputies and other assistants of that person.

CHAPTER 18- AMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION

Article 258 Amendment of Constitution

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may amend by way of addition,
variation or repeal, any provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down
in this Chapter.
(2) This Constitution shall not be amended except by an Act of Parliament-
(a) the sole purpose of which is to amend this Constitution; and
(b) the Act has been passed in accordance with this Chapter.

Article 259 Amendments requiring referendum

(1) A bill for an Act of Parliament seeking to amend any of the provisions specified in clause (2) of
this article shall not be taken as passed unless-
(a) it is supported at the second and third readings in Parliament by not less than two-thirds of all
members of Parliament; and
(b) it has been referred to a decision of the people and approved by them in a referendum.
(2) The provisions referred to in clause (1) of this article are-
(a) this article;
(b) Chapter One, articles 1 and 2;
(c) Chapter Four, article 44;
(d) Chapter Five, articles 69, 74 and 75;
(e) Chapter Six, article 79 clause (2);
(f) Chapter Seven, article 105 clause (1);
(g) Chapter Eight , article 128 clause (1); and
(h) Chapter Sixteen.
Article 260 Amendments requiring approval by District Councils
(1) A bill for an Act of Parliament seeking to amend any of the provisions specified in clause (2) of
this article shall not be taken as passed unless-
(a) it is supported at the second and third readings in Parliament by not less than two-thirds of all
members of Parliament; and
(b) it has been ratified by at least two-thirds of the members of the district council in each of at
least two-thirds of all the
districts of Uganda.
(2) The provisions referred to in clause (1) of this article are-
(a) this article;
(b) Chapter Two-article 5, clause (2);
(c) Chapter Nine-article 152;
(d) Chapter Eleven-article 176, clause (1) and articles 178, 189 and 197.

Article 261 Amendments by Parliaments

A bill for an Act of Parliament to amend any provision of the Constitution, other than those
referred to in articles 259 and 260 of this Constitution, shall not be taken as passed unless it is
supported at the second and third readings by the votes of not less than two-thirds of all members
of Parliament.

Article 262 Certificate of Compliance

(1) The votes on the second and third readings referred to in articles 259 and 260 of this
Constitution shall be separated by at least fourteen sitting days of Parliament.
(2) A bill for the amendment of this Constitution, which has been passed in accordance with this
Chapter, shall be assented to by the President only if-
(a) it is accompanied by a certificate of the Speaker that the provisions of this Chapter have been
complied with in relation to it; and
(b) in the case of a bill to amend a provision to which article 259 or 260 of this Constitution
applies, it is accompanied by a certificate of the Electoral Commission that the amendment has
been approved at a referendum or, as the case may be, ratified by the district councils in
accordance with this Chapter.
(3) Where the provisions of clause (2) of this article are complied with in the case of a bill to which
article 259 or 260 of this Constitution applies, the President shall not refuse to assent to the bill.
(4) Where in the case of a bill to which clause (3) of this article applies the President
(a) refuses to assent to the bill; or
(b) fails to assent to the bill within thirty days after the bill is submitted, the President shall be
taken to have assented to the bill and the Speaker shall cause a copy of the bill to be laid before
Parliament and the bill shall become law without the assent of the President.

CHAPTER 19- TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

Article 263 Transitional Government

(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the Government of the National Resistance
Movement existing immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution, in this Chapter
referred to as "the NRM Government" shall-
(a) continue in office until a new government is elected in accordance with this Constitution;
(b) as far as possible, exercise its functions in such a manner and with such modifications as are
necessary to bring them into conformity with the provisions of this Constitution.
(2) The elections provided for in clause (1) of this article shall be held within nine months after the
promulgation of this Constitution.
Article 264 Particular functions of Transitional
The appropriate organs of the NRM Government shall take such measures that are necessary or
practical to give effect to the provisions of this Constitution and in particular, but without prejudice
to the generality of the foregoing, shall-
(a) by law establish an Interim Electoral Commission whose composition, appointment and
functions shall, as far as possible, conform to the provisions of articles 60 and 61 of this
Constitution;
(b) make interim laws for elections and other matters connected with elections to any office under
this Constitution;
(c) ensure that the tribunal for determination of disputes in respect of demarcation of electoral
areas is appointed;
(d) make laws for the expeditious disposal of appeals referred to in article 64 of this Constitution;
(e) ensure that adequate resources and facilities are provided to the Interim Electoral
Commission in accordance with article 66 of this Constitution.

Article 265 Existing Courts of Judicature

The Supreme Court and the High Court in existence immediately before the coming into force of
this Constitution shall be taken to have been established under this Constitution and shall perform
the functions of the Supreme Court and the High Court as specified in Chapter Eight of this
Constitution.

Article 266 Existing offices of Judges

(1) A Justice of the Supreme Court or a Judge of the High Court holding office immediately before
the coming into force of this Constitution shall continue to hold office as if appointed to that office
under this Constitution.
(2) Any person to whom this article applies shall, on the coming into force of this Constitution, be
deemed to have taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance and the judicial oath as prescribed
by this Constitution or any other law.

Article 267 Interim Membership of Court of Appeal

Upon the coming into force of this Constitution and until Justices of the Court of Appeal are
appointed under article 134 of this Constitution, the Chief Justice shall, in consultation with the
Principal Judge, from time to time, designate such number of Judges of the High Court as may be
necessary to constitute the Court of Appeal.

Article 268 Existing Offices

(l) Subject to the provisions of this article, every person who immediately before the coming into
force of this Constitution held or was acting in any office established by or by virtue of the
Constitution then in force, so far as is consistent with the provisions of this Constitution, shall be
taken to have been appointed as from the coming into force of this Constitution, to hold or to act
in the equivalent office under this Constitution.
(2) The provisions of this article shall not prejudice any powers conferred by or under this
Constitution or any other law on any person or authority to make provision for the abolition of
office, or for the removal from office of persons holding or acting in any office and for requiring
persons to retire from office.
(3) In determining, for the purpose of any law relating to retirement benefits or otherwise, the
length of service of a public officer to whom clause (1) of this article applies, service as a public
officer under the Government in existence immediately before the coming into force of this
Constitution shall be deemed to be continuous with service as a public officer which begins
immediately after the coming into force of this Constitution.
(4) Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, the terms and conditions of service of a
person to whom this article applies, shall not be less favourable than those applicable to that
person immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution.
(5) For the avoidance of doubt. it is declared that any office established before the coming into
force of this Constitution which is inconsistent with any provision of this Constitution is, on the
coming into force of this Constitution abolished.

Article 269 Regulation of Political Organisations

On the commencement of this Constitution and until Parliament makes laws regulating the
activities of political organisations in accordance with article 73 of this Constitution, political
activities may continue except-
(a) opening and operating branch offices;
(b) holding delegates’ conference;
(c) holding public rallies;
(d) sponsoring or offering a platform to or in any way campaigning for or against a candidate for
any public elections;
(e) carrying on any activities that may interfere with the movement political system for the time
being in force.

Article 270 Existing political Parties, or organisations

Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (2) of article 72 of this Constitution, but subject to article
269 of this Constitution, the political parties or organisations in existence immediately before the
coming into force of this Constitution shall continue to exist and operate in conformity with the
provisions of this Constitution until Parliament makes laws relating to registration of political
parties and organisations.

Article 271 First elections

(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of article 69 of this Constitution, the first Presidential,
parliamentary, local government and other public elections after the promulgation of this
Constitution shall be held under the movement political system.
(2) Two years before the expiry of the term of the first Parliament elected under this Constitution,
any person shall be free to canvass for public support for a political system of his or her choice for
purposes of a referendum.
(3) During the last month of the fourth year of the term of Parliament referred to in clause (2) of
this article, a referendum shall be held to determine the political system the people of Uganda
wish to adopt.
(4) Parliament shall enact laws to give effect to the provisions of this article.

Article 272 Appointment to Certain Offices

The first appointments to the following offices shall be made within six months after the
assumption of office of the first President elected in accordance with the provisions of this
Constitution-
(a) the Chairperson and other members of the Uganda Human Rights Commission;
(b) the Chairperson and other members of the Electoral Commission;
(c) the Inspector-General of Government and the Deputy Inspectors-General; and
(d) the Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson and other members of the Judicial Service Commission.

Article 273 Existing Law

(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the operation of the existing law after the coming into
force of this Constitution shall not be affected by the coming into force of this Constitution but the
existing law shall be construed with such modifications, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions
as may be necessary to bring it into conformity with this Constitution.
(2) For the purposes of this article, the expression "existing law" means the written and unwritten
law of Uganda or any part of it as existed immediately before the coming into force of this
Constitution, including any Act of Parliament or Statute or statutory instrument enacted or made
before that date which is to come into force on or after that date.
Article 274 Modification of existing law by first President
The first President elected under this Constitution may, within twelve months after assuming
office as President, by statutory instrument, make such provision as may appear necessary for
repealing, modifying, adding to or adapting any law for bringing it into conformity with this
Constitution or otherwise for giving effect to this Constitution.

Article 275 Enactment not yet in Force

Where immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution any existing law had not been
brought into force or was to come into force on a date subsequent to the coming into force of this
Constitution, that law may be brought into force in accordance with its terms or shall come into
force on such subsequent date as the case may be.

Article 276 Provisions regarding urban authorities

(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the urban authorities in existence at the coming
into force of this urban Constitution other than the Kampala City Council, shall constitute lower
local government units under the district councils within whose district they fall.
(2) Subject to the powers of Parliament, the laws applicable to urban authorities immediately
before the commencement of this Constitution, shall apply with such modifications as may be
necessary to give effect to the provisions of Chapter Eleven of this Constitution.

Article 277 Existing commissions and committees of inquiry

Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution to the contrary, any commission or committee of
inquiry in existence immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution, may continue in
existence until the submission of its report unless otherwise dissolved in accordance with the law.

Article 278 Oaths Deemed to have been taken

Notwithstanding any provision of this Constitution, any person who immediately before the
coming into force of this Constitution held or was acting in any office established under or by
virtue of the Constitution then in force and who holds or is acting in an equivalent office under this
Constitution, shall be deemed to have taken and subscribed any necessary oath under this
Constitution, in accordance with this Constitution.

Article 279 Pending matters

(1) Where any matter or thing has been commenced before the coming into force of this
Constitution by any person or authority having power to do so under the existing law, that matter
or thing may be carried on and completed by the person or authority having power to do so on or
after the coming into force of this Constitution and, unless the President in any case otherwise
directs, it shall not be necessary for that person or authority to commence that matter or thing
afresh.
(2) This article shall have effect subject to the provisions of this Constitution and to any law made
by Parliament.

Article 280 Proceedings pending before courts

Legal proceedings pending immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution before
any court, including civil proceedings against the Government, may be proceeded with and
completed.

Article 281 Prerogative of mercy re cases before constitution

The prerogative of mercy of the President under article 121 of this Constitution may be exercised
in respect of any criminal offences committed before the coming into force of this Constitution as
it may in respect of a criminal offence committed after the coming into force of this Constitution.

Article 282 Devolution of Rights and liability

Subject to the provisions of article 283 of this Constitution-
(a) any right, prerogative, privilege or function which under the existing law vested in the
President shall vest in the President or other person or authority as is specified under this
Constitution;
(b) any right, privilege, obligation, liability, or function vested in or subsisting against the
Government by or under an existing law shall continue to so vest or subsist.

Article 283 Succession to property

(1) All property, whether movable or immovable, and all assets which immediately before the
coming into force of this Constitution were vested in any authority or person for the purposes of or
in right of the Government or in the Government shall, on the coming into force of this
Constitution, vest in the Government, subject to the provisions of Chapter Fifteen of the
Constitution.
(2) Any property which was immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution liable to
escheat or to be forfeited to any person or authority in right of the Government shall, on the
coming into force of this Constitution be liable to escheat or to be forfeited to the Government.

Article 284 Succession to Contracts

Where there is subsisting, immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution, a
contract which has been entered the coming into by or on behalf of the Government, then on and
after the coming into force of this Constitution, all rights, liabilities and obligations of the
Government under the contract shall be vested in or, as the case may be, subsist against the
Government; and the contract shall otherwise continue to be of full force and effect.

Article 285 Revocation of Statutory leases to Urban authorities

Upon the coming into force of this Constitution and subject to the provisions of paragraph (a) of
clause (2) of article 237 of this Constitution, statutory leases to urban authorities shall cease to
exist.

Article 286 International agreements, Treaties and Conventions

where-
(a) any treaty, agreement or convention with any country treaties and or international organisation
was made or affirmed by Uganda or the Government on or after the ninth day of October, 1962,
and was still in force immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution; or
(b) Uganda or the Government was otherwise a party immediately before the coming into force of
this Constitution to any such treaty, agreement or convention, the treaty, agreement or
convention shall not be affected by the coming into force of this Constitution; and Uganda or the
Government, as the case may be, shall continue to be a party to it.

Article 287 Repeal of 1967 Constitution and Legal Notice No. 1 of 1986
(1) Subject to articles 263 and 264 of this Constitution, the Constitution of Uganda of 1967 and
Legal Notice No. 1 of 1986 as amended, shall, upon the coming into force of this Constitution,
stand repealed.
(2) For the avoidance if doubt, the enactment repealed by clause (1) of this article, shall,
notwithstanding the repeal, continue in force for the purposes only of the exercise by NRM
Government of its functions under articles 263 and 264 this Constitution.
:2
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

THE UGANDA COMMUNICATIONS (AMENDMENT)

ACT, 2017.

fXjr4M
P0 BOX 7178 KAMPaLA

* *
CALL N0 .............................
/

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

PAR Lirfy1 iiNJ LiBRARY

P0 BOX 7178, KjflQ1PLA

* 21 JUL 207 *
4CC N0 ..............................
CALLN0 .............................

I SIGNIFY my assent to the bill.

Dale of assenr....a
2{. ....(..
 Act Uganda Communications (Amendment) Act 2017
/

THE REPUBLIC OF UGAIWA

THE UGANDA COMMUNICATiONS (AMENDMENT)

ACT, 2017

An Act to amend section 93 of the Uganda Communications Act,

2013 to remove the requirement for Parliamentary approval of
regulations made by the Minister under the Act.

DATE OF ASSUNT:

Date of Commencement:

BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as follows:

1. Amendment of Act No. 1 of 2013.

Section 93 of the Uganda Communications Act, 2013 is amended-

in subsection (1) by repealing the words "and with the

approval of Parliament";

by inserting a new subsection immediately after subsection

3 as follows-
"(3a) Parliament may by resolution revoke the regulations
or a particular provision of the regulations within 30
days from the date the regulations are laid"

PARLIAMENT LiBRARY
P0 BOX 7178. <AMPLA

* 21 JUL 207 *
Ace NO ..............................
CALL NO ............................
/

THE REPUBLIC OF UGAEDA

This printed impression has been carefully

compared by me with the bill which was
passed by Parliament and found by me to be a
true copy of the bill.

Clerk to Parliament

Date of authentication: J .........

:2
THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

THE UGANDA COMMUNICATIONS (AMENDMENT)

ACT, 2017.

fXjr4M
P0 BOX 7178 KAMPaLA

* *
CALL N0 .............................
/

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

PAR Lirfy1 iiNJ LiBRARY

P0 BOX 7178, KjflQ1PLA

* 21 JUL 207 *
4CC N0 ..............................
CALLN0 .............................

I SIGNIFY my assent to the bill.

Dale of assenr....a
2{. ....(..
 Act Uganda Communications (Amendment) Act 2017
/

THE REPUBLIC OF UGAIWA

THE UGANDA COMMUNICATiONS (AMENDMENT)

ACT, 2017

An Act to amend section 93 of the Uganda Communications Act,

2013 to remove the requirement for Parliamentary approval of
regulations made by the Minister under the Act.

DATE OF ASSUNT:

Date of Commencement:

BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as follows:

1. Amendment of Act No. 1 of 2013.

Section 93 of the Uganda Communications Act, 2013 is amended-

in subsection (1) by repealing the words "and with the

approval of Parliament";

by inserting a new subsection immediately after subsection

3 as follows-
"(3a) Parliament may by resolution revoke the regulations
or a particular provision of the regulations within 30
days from the date the regulations are laid"

PARLIAMENT LiBRARY
P0 BOX 7178. <AMPLA

* 21 JUL 207 *
Ace NO ..............................
CALL NO ............................
/

THE REPUBLIC OF UGAEDA

This printed impression has been carefully

compared by me with the bill which was
passed by Parliament and found by me to be a
true copy of the bill.

Clerk to Parliament

Date of authentication: J .........

 UGA}{DTT
THE REPUBLIC OF

SAFETY ACT' 1998

THE TRAFFIC AND ROAD
(AMENDMENT) ACT, 2018'

PARLIAME NT LIBRARY
PO BOX71 78. KAMPALA ;,
* 2 0 sEP t01s *
ACC NO.
CALL N
I

TItr REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

PARLIAMENT LIBRARY
P O BOX 717E. KAMPALA !,",'

* 2 0 sEP 2018 *
ACC NO-.....
CALL NO.

I stcNtry my assent to the bill.

President

Date oJ' assent: ........ (e f a*r &

 Trffic and Road Safety Act, 1998
Act (Amendment) Act 2018
THE TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY ACT, 1998
(AMENDMENT) ACI 2018

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

Sections

l. Commencement.
2. Insertion of section 14A and l4B to the Traffic and Road Safety
Act, 1998, Cap.36l.
3. Amendment of Act I 8 of 2013.
4. Amendment of Act 32 of 2006.
5. Addition of Third Schedule and Fourth Schedule to principal Act.

PARL IAA,lE
PO BOx 7, N T L ,B RA R Y
8. KA t{l PA
LA
*
ACC NO
2 0 sEP :013 *
CA No
 Traffic and Road Sof"ty Act, 1998
Act (Amendment) Act 20r8

PARLIAMENT LIBRARY
P O BOX 7178. KAMPALA fril

* 20sEPzols *
ACC NO.....
CALL NO...

THE REPUBLIC OT UGANDE

THE TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY ACT, 1998

(AMENDMENT) ACT, 2018.

An Act to amend the Traffic and Road Safety Act, Cap. 316 to
vary the motor vehicle registration fees provided for in the
Finance Act 2013; to vary the environmental levy on motor
vehicles provided for in the Finance Act, 2006; and to ban the
importation of motor vehicles that are fifteen years old or more
from the date of manufacture.
Dars op AssrNr:
Date of Commencement:

BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as follows:-

1. Commencement.
This Act shall come into force on lst July, 2018

2. Insertion of Section 14A and 14B to the Traffic and Road

Safety Act, 1998, Cap. 361.
The Trafflrc and Road Safety Act ,1998, in this Act referred to as the
principal Act is amended by inserting immediately after section l4
the following-
"14A. Importation of motor vehicles.
(l) A person shall not import a motor vehicle which is fifteen
years old or more from the date of manufacture.
(2) Subsection (l), does not apply to-
(a) road tractors for semitrailers;
 Trffic and Road SafeA Act, 1998
Act (Amendment) Act 2018
(b) motor vehicles for the transport of goods with a gross
vehicle weight of at least four tons;
(c) special purpose motor vehicles including; breakdown
lorries, crane lorries, fire fighting vehicles, concrete mixer
lorries, road sweeper lorries, spraying lorries, mobile
workshops, forklifts, mobile drilling rigs, mobile
radiological units, works trucks, tanks and other armoured
fighting vehicles, cesspool emptiers, water bowser, bullion
spreaders, bitumen spreaders, bucket trucks, aircraft
refuellers, spraying trucks, workshop vans and mobile
banks;
(d) agricultural or forestry tractors; and
(e) earth moving motor vehicles, tamping machines and road
rollers.
(f) motor vehicles which are in transit before the commencement
of this Act and which arrive in Uganda by 30th September,
2018.

14B. Environmental levy on motor vehicles.

(1) A person who imports a motor vehicle which is nine
years old or more from the date of manufacture shall pay an
environmental lely on that vehicle.
(2) The environmental lery shall be payable at the rates
prescribed in the Fourth Schedule to this Act.

(3) The environmental levy shall be collected by the Uganda

Revenue Authority before clearance of the motor vehicle."

3. Amendment of Act 18 of 2013.

The Finance Act, 2013 is amended in section 2, by repealing
paragraph (a).

4. Amendment of Act 32 of 2006.

The Finance Act, 2006 is amended-
l *
PARLIAMENT LIBRARY
P O BOX 7178. KAMPALA .-

20sEP?013 *
ACC NO.
CALL NO'....

Trffic and Road Sofuty Act, 1998

Act (Amendment) Act 2018
(a) in section 3 (1) by repealing the words "motor vehicles of
eight years or older or";
(b) by repealing subsection (3);
(c) by repealingparagraph (a) of the Second Schedule.
5. Addition of Third Schedule and Forth Schedule to principal
Act.
The principal Act, is amended by adding immediately after the
Second Schedule the following Schedules-
,.THIRD SCHEDULE
section 5
REGISTRATION FEES
Item Motor Vehicle Fees (Ushs)

Sedan cars, saloon cars, estate car but excluding dual

(a) 1,500,000/:
purpose goods passenger vehicles-
Passenger vehicles, including light omnibuses with a
(b) 1,500,000/:
seating capacity not exceeding 28 passengers-
Estate and station wagon vehicles with an engine
( c) 1,700,000i:
capaciry of 3500 cc or above-

Medium omnibuses and heavy omnibuses with a seating

(d) 1,500,000/=
capacity of more than 28 passengers-

FOURTH SCHEDULE
Section 5
ENVIRONMENTAL LEVY ON MOTOR VEHICLES
(a)
A motor vehicle which is zero-eight years old from the
Ni1
date of manufacture; excluding goods vehicles-
A motor vehicle which is nine years old or more from
the date of manufacture which was imported or is in 50% of the CIF
(b)
transit before the commencement of this Act, and which value
arrives in Uganda by 30th September, 2018-

(c)
A motor vehicle which is nine years old or more and 20o/o of the CIF
which is principally designed to carry goods- value
A motor vehicle which is an ambulance and is five years
(d) old but does not exceed eight years from the date of Nil
manufacture-
 TIM REPIJBLIC OF UGANDA

PARLIAMENT LIBRA RY
P O BOX 7178. KAMPALA,{$h

* 2 0 sEP 2013 *
acc No-....
CALL NO

This printed impression has been carefully

compared by me with the bill which was
passed by Parliament and found by me to be a

true copy of the bill.

Q*, iament

Date oJ authentication t:$ I p .6.0-p.1.*

 TIIE BEPT'BIIC OF TtrIAl{DA

THE TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETYACT, 1998

(AMENDMENT) ACT,2022.

PARLIAMENT LIA.RARY
P,O BOX 7178 KA I,']I-A LN

* 1't i I l'\. -
)*
 ,rr:
WI

THEREPUBIJCOf UGA}{DA

I srcNrny my assent to the bill.

;
President

Date of assent; .. t+u+ ,r..fr ) 5pgP.

Act Traffic and Road Safety Act, 1998 (Amendment) Act 2022

TUE TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY ACT, 1998 (AMENDMENT)

ACT,2022

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

Section

1. Commencement

2. Amendment ofTraffic and Road Safety Act, 1998

3. Amendment of section l44.of principal Act

4. Amendment ofsection 148 ofprincipal Act

5. Amendment of section 178 ofprincipal Act

6. Miscellaneous amendments to principal Act

7. Amendment of Fourth Schedule to principal Act

PARLIAMENT LIIJI?{R\
PO AOX 7']78 KATV]I'ALA

* lit.l 2i: I *
ACC N.
c.aLL NO:.................,..
Act Trffic and Road Salbty Act, 1998 (Amendment) Act 2022

THEREPUBTICOF UGAI{DA

THE TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETYACT, 1998

(AMENDMENT) ACT,2022

An Act to amend the Traffic and Road Safety Act, 1998 Cap.361,
by substituting for the word "datett, the word "year" in sections
14A and 148; by repealing paragraphs (a), (b) and (f) of section
178; by substituting for the word t'Board" wherever the word
appears, the words "Competent Authority"; by substituting for
the words "Secretary to the Board" wherever the words appear,
the word "Commissioner"l and for related matters.

DarE or Assenr:

Date of Commencement

BE IT ENACTED by Parliament as follows-

1. Commencement
This Act shall come into force on 1"' Ju|y,2022.
Act Traffic arul Road Safety Act, 1998 (Amendment) Act 2022
2. Amendment of Tralfc and Road Safety Act, 1998
The Traffic and Road SafetyAct, 1998 Cap. 361 inthisAct refened to as
the principal Act is amended in section 2 (1), by inserting immediately
after the definition of "chief licensing offrcer" the following-

"Cornmissioner" means the Commissioner responsible for

Transport Regulation and Safety;"

3. Amendnent of section l4A of principal Act

Section 14A of the principal Act is amended in subsection (1), by
substituting for the word "date", the word "year".

4. Amendment of section 148 of principal Act

Section 14B of the principal Act is amended in subsection (l), by
substituting for the word "date", the word "year".

5. Amendment of section 178 of principal Act

Section 178 of the principal Act is amended in subsection (2), by
repealing paragraphs (a), (b) and (f).

6. Miscellaneous amendments to principal Act

The principal Act is amended-

(") by substituting for the word "Board" wherever the word

appears, the words "Competent Authoriry"; and

(b) by substituting for the words "Secretary to the Board"

wherever the rvords appear, the word "Commissioner".

7. Amendment of Fourth Schedule to principal Act

The principal Act is amended in the Fourth Schedule by substituting
for the word "date" wherever the word appears, the word "year".
 TTIBREPTJBUEOF UGAtrUA

This printed impression has been carefully

compared by me with the bill which was
passed by Parliament and found by me to be a

true copy of the bill.

PARLIAME NT LIAR,c,RY
P O. BOx 71

* rtr';, /-,
r!,\ a..,
_t lij.. *
ACC N(
CALL NO:

+ Clerk to Parliament

Date of aurhentication. .%.lf lg"-==--