COMPONENTS

DC Motor

Fig 3.2.1 DC Motor

30RPM – 12Volts geared motors are generally a simple DC motor with a gearbox attached
to it. This can be used in all-terrain robots and variety of robotic applications. These motors have
a 3 mm threaded drill hole in the middle of the shaft thus making it simple to connect it to the
wheels or any other mechanical assembly.

30 RPM 12V DC geared motors widely use for robotics applications. Very easy to use and
available in standard size. Also, you don’t have to spend a lot of money to control motors with an
Arduino or compatible board. The most popular L298N H-bridge module with onboard voltage
regulator motor driver can be used with this motor that has a voltage of between 5 and 35V DC
or you can choose the most precise motor diver module from the wide range available in our
Motor divers category as per your specific requirements.

Nut and threads on the shaft to easily connect and internally threaded shaft for easily
connecting it to the wheel. DC Geared motors with robust metal gearbox for heavy-duty
applications, available in the wide RPM range and ideally suited for robotics and industrial
applications. Very easy to use and available in standard size. Nut and threads on the shaft to
easily connect and internally threaded shaft for easily connecting it to the wheel.
Specifications :

 Speed: 30 RPM
 Diameter: 37 mm
 Input Voltage: 4 V to 12 V
 Torque: 28 kg-cm
 Shaft Diameter: 6 mm
 Shaft Length: 22 mm

FLAT BELT:

Fig . Flat Belt

 Flat belts are used to transmit power from one shaft to another.
 They are generally classified as either small woven endless belts or higher power flat belts.
 The woven endless belts are especially useful where minimum vibration is required at the
driven pulley due to semi-elastic material used in construction.
 The higher power flat belts are often useful because they eliminate the need to high belt tension
used to grip pulleys, which in turn reduces the load on the shaft bearings.

 The material used for high power flat belts is sticky yet abrasion-resistant rubber compounds.
 Flat belts are designed for light-duty power transmission and high-performance conveying.
 They are best-suited for applications with smaller pulleys and large central distances.
 Flat belts can connect inside and outside pulleys and can come in both endless and jointed
construction
Specification:

 Length: 540 mm
 Width: 90mm
 Thickness: 1 mm

CAMERA

Fig 3.5.6 Camera

Resolution 2592x1944, 2048x1536, 1920x1080
Image Sensor 0 Defect 1/2.5" Enhanced Color CMOS, 5
megapixel with RGB color filters
Pixel Size 2.2 microns (H) x 2.2 microns (V)
Image Processing Engine Proprietary, software image processing
Image Processing Speed 1-5sec including the processing time to display
Maximum Sensitivity 0.1lux
Dynamic Range 67Db
Long Integration Exposure Up to 3 sec
Color Depth 24-bit RGB
Sensitivity Settings ISO 50/100/200/400 equivalent
White Balance Automatic, One-Push, Manual
Exposure Automatic, Manual
Shutter Speed 58 μsec. to 3000 msec.
Viewfinder Up to 20fps (frames per second) at 1920x1080
pixels
File Sizes (uncompressed) 24-bit

 6.2MB @ 1920x1080
 9.4MB @ 2048x1536
 15.1MB @2592x1944

File Formats RAW, BMP, JPEG, PNG

IR Sensor

Fig.IR Sensor

An infrared point sensor is a point gas detector based on the nondispersive infrared
sensor technology.

In the electromagnetic spectrum, the infrared portion divided into three regions: near infrared
region, mid infrared region and far infrared region.

IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to sense some object of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiation. These
types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, but infrared sensor can detect these radiations.

The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR
photodiode . Photodiode is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength which is emitted by the IR
LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the output voltages will change in
proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

There are five basic elements used in a typical infrared detection system: an infrared source, a
transmission medium, optical component, infrared detectors or receivers and signal processing.
Infrared lasers and Infrared LED’s of specific wavelength used as infrared sources.

The three main types of media used for infrared transmission are vacuum, atmosphere and optical
fibers. Optical components are used to focus the infrared radiation or to limit the spectral response.
 Fig. IR Sensor Connection Diagram
Specifications :

 5VDC Operating voltage

 I/O pins are 5V and 3.3V compliant
 Range: Up to 20cm
 20mA supply current
Mounting hole

Adjustable Sensing range

Built-in Ambient Light Sensor

The IR sensor module consists mainly of the IR Transmitter and Receiver, Opamp, Variable
Resistor (Trimmer pot), output LED in brief.
L293D :

Fig. L293D

This L293D driver module is a medium power motor driver perfect for driving DC Motors and
Stepper Motors. It uses the popular L293D motor driver IC. It can drive 4 DC motors in one
direction, or drive 2 DC motors in both the directions.

Features of L293D Motor Driver Board:-

L293D motor driver IC.

Male burg stick connectors for supply, ground and input connection
 Fig. L293D Block Diagram

Screw terminal connectors for easy motor connectionOn Board LM7805 Voltage Regulator

This motor driver is perfect for robotics and mechatronics projects for controlling motors from
microcontroller, switches, relays, etc. Perfect for driving DC and Stepper motors for
micromouse, line following robots, robot arms, etc.

Arduino UNO

The Arduino Uno R3 is a open source microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 chip. This
Board has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog input pins, Onboard 16 MHz ceramic resonator,
Port for USB connection, Onboard DC power jack, An ICSP header and a microcontroller reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller.

Fig . Arduino UNO

Using the board is also very easy, simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or
power it with DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver
chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-
to-serial converter. While the Arduino UNO can be powered via the USB connection or with an
external power supply, the power source is selected automatically.

External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery.
The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power
jack. Also leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the Power
connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less
than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If
using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is 5v to 12v for Arduino Uno.

Fig . Arduino UNO

Features:-

Microcontroller: ATmega328P.

Operating Voltage: 5V.

Input Voltage: 7-12V.

Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output).

Analog Input Pins: 6.

DC Current: 40mA.

Flash Memory: 32 KB.

SRAM: 2 KB.

EEPROM: 1 KB.

Clock Speed: 16 MHz.