1.

Introduction
We proudly present our proposal for a cutting-edge Library Management System - revolutionizing how
libraries operate and empowering librarians to streamline their daily tasks efficiently. The ongoing
development in science and technology has resulted in the increasing complexity of computer
technology. In recent times, computers have become extensively utilized in the lives of individuals,
gradually altering their lifestyles. The integration of computer technology has significantly enhanced the
convenience experienced by individuals in their daily lives. Integrating computer technology and library
information management improves the efficiency and expediency of library management processes.

Furthermore, concurrently employing computer software leads to substantial workforce and material
resource savings, making book management tasks exceedingly straightforward. (Ning Zhang et al., 2021).

Governor Jose de Basco y Vargas established Sociedad Economic in the Philippines. The primary function
of a society was the unrestricted dissemination of books. The establishment of the Sociedad marked a
significant turning point in the history of libraries in the Philippines. In 1858, the Spanish government
established a comprehensive definition of public libraries, encompassing the national, university, local,
and other institutions dedicated to public education. It is worth noting that during this period, librarians
had to manually maintain books, which consumed a significant amount of time. (Basha et al., 2019)

The Library Management System embraces new technology by developing a computerized system that
electronically manages and stores book information. The principal goal of this paper is to ensure an
effortless approach to the library.

Moreover, besides providing information on available library books, this system supports book lending
functionality and sends notifications concerning upcoming return deadlines. This application allows users
to conveniently obtain book details, effectively minimizing the need for excessive time and physical
exertion. (Basha et al., 2019)

In daily life, and especially at work, technology is essential. Researchers found that the manual library
system lost all data quickly and moved books slowly. They decided to computerize the library system to
increase productivity and prevent data loss. This system guarantees accurate and timely book returns,
enabling librarians to determine whether a book is available quickly. (Tampipi et al., 2020)

1.1 Background of the Study

The web-based library management system is widely known as the storage of information of the
students who borrowed books from the library. The RRTSNHS has faced problems regarding the library.
They can only distribute the books to some students because they need a librarian who can operate the
library, and the books still need to be registered. That is why when we interviewed the school head Mr.
Marcelo Gonzales, he said that they need this system that can help them to rapid distribution the books
to student who wants to borrow the books that they can use for their studies. This web-based library
management system can help the RRTSNHS to help the librarian distribute the books efficiently to the
student by entering the registered book number into the system together with the complete information
of the student and the other details needed to fill in the system.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This system aims to streamline various processes involved in library management, such as cataloging
books, tracking, borrowing, returning, library resources, and facilitating a seamless user experience for
students, teachers, and library staff.

According to Janine V. Sarenas, the librarian of RRTSNHS, after we presented her with the design and
explained to her what the system could do, she said this is a big help for her, she will not have any
trouble making notes, and she will print what appears in the statistics through the system, they no
longer need to go from house to house to read to the students because they can register the books
through the system.

Objectives of the Study

General Objective
To develop and evaluate a Library Management System for RRTSNHS, that can handle and manage the
activities efficiently and reliably of the processes of searching, borrowing, returning, and managing
books.

Specific Objectives
It sought explanation to the following:

1. To develop “LibNage: A Web-based Library Management System for RRTSNHS of San Isidro, San
Luis, Aurora” with accordance to different phases/stages of Agile Model.

1.1. Planning

1.2. Requirement Analysis

1.3. Design

1.4. Development

1.5. Testing

1.6. Evaluation

2. To assess the “LibNage: A Web-based Library Management System for RRTSNHS of San Isidro,
San Luis, Aurora” of the system and IT experts based on the following criteria of ISO 25010 (Software
Product Quality)
2.1. Functional Suitability,

2.2. Performance Efficiency,

2.3. Compatibility,

2.4. Usability,

2.5. Reliability,

2.6. Security,

2.7. Maintainability, and

2.8. Portability.

3. To assess the “LibNage: A Web-based Library Management System for RRTSNHS of San Isidro,
San Luis, Aurora” based on the following criteria of ISO 25010 (Software Product Quality) but limited to:

3.1. Functional Suitability,

3.2. Performance Efficiency, and

3.3. Reliability.

Significance of the Project

This study is significant for the following reasons:

To the RRTSNHS Librarians: This project will benefit RRTSNHS Librarians to disseminate the books quickly
to the students and lessen the manual written record for students who borrowed books. It can be
beneficial for them to track all the disseminated books. If the log books become wet during the storm,
they cannot be restored but are visible using the systems.

To the RRTSNHS Students: This project will benefit RRTSNHS students who borrowed books, it is visible
for them to see all the books they borrowed, and they know how many books they get. It is easy for
them to get the books in the library to use for their assignments and studies.

To the Researchers: This project will assist the researchers that can acquire knowledge from the research
and help the RRTSNHS make a library management system that can make their library more functional
and easier to transact and disseminate books.

To the Future Researchers: This project will assist future researchers as they can use this research as a
reference and basis for enhancing and adding some flexible features to the library management system
that the researchers do not include here.
Scope and Limitations
Scope

The project's goal is to manage a library and demonstrate how to enter student information for those
who borrowed a book and the volumes borrowed statistically. The database also indicates whether or
not the book has been returned. It can also be printed and given to the librarian.

Limitations

Users are not permitted to utilize this system which is just for RRTSNHS. This system's capacity is
additionally constrained because only the administrator has access; all a student can do is check the
printout to show that they have borrowed a book.

2. Review of Related Literature

Local Studies

According to Mallo-Eustaquio (2019), one of the primary objectives of a library is to offer

optimal library services. Consequently, it is incumbent upon the library to diligently manage and
record data precisely to facilitate the retrieval of accurate information. Thus, to optimize the
provision of library services to users, it is imperative for libraries, as custodians of knowledge, to
establish effective processes and approaches for the correct and precise distribution of
information.

Moreover, Esposo-Betan (2018), emphasized that academic librarians must fully embrace
developing technologies to their advantage in the library environment.

Currently, the majority of libraries are adopting ICT to improve the services they provide. The
library at the University of the Immaculate Conception is one of those that has fully embraced
the ICT challenge. Since 2013, the library at the University of the Immaculate Conception has
used the Follete Destiny Automated System to automate most of its processes. With the
implementation of this system, the borrowing and returning of books have become more
efficient. (Lilian B. Dupa et al., 2018)

Ulep et al., (2020), in this work entitled "Library Management System for Novaliches High
School". This system can benefit a wide range of stakeholders within the educational
institution, including the administration, facilitators, students, educators, other employees, and
individuals who use the library services offered by the school.

Tampipi (2020) study entitled "Library Management System for Quezon City Public Library"
cited that this technology enhances the efficiency of librarians by providing them with real-time
information regarding the availability of requested books. Consequently, librarians
can promptly determine whether a desired book is in stock or unavailable for borrowing.

Abuan et al., (2020), designed system entitled "Proposed Library System for Bestlink College of
the Philippines". This system can enhance time efficiency in task management and ensure data
security exclusively for individuals with authorized access.

Gito et al., (2023), conducted a study entitled "Enhanced Information Retrieval: Aemilianum
College Inc.'s Library Management System" aimed to improve the quality of services provided
to librarians and library users at Aemilianum College Inc. by addressing the limitations and
challenges commonly encountered in traditional library management. The study focused on
developing a more convenient, reliable, efficient, and cost-effective library management
system.

Foreign Studies

According to Tsega Weldu Araya (2020), a library is an organized collection of publicly available
information sources. Typically, it stores the data either physically or digitally. The library is a
system that is experiencing rapid growth. However, traditional approaches to managing library
systems must be sufficiently dynamic and effective.

Many individuals commonly employ traditional scanning techniques when choosing books.
However, the advent of the digital era has introduced many possibilities, encouraging the
adoption of exploratory methods to address library usage concerns. (Adebayo, n.d.)

Regarding the various problems encountered by traditional library systems, the manual
performance of library functions was becoming difficult due to the potential growth of
information. Library operations could take many hours to perform manually. Furthermore, due
to the information explosion, all types of housekeeping and information work can be performed
manually with less effectiveness and accuracy. (Ajemasu et al., 2023)

According to Asim et al., (2022), the library community is interested in emerging technologies,
and one of the topics of discussion is the use of IoT in libraries. IoT applications have now
permeated every aspect of life, and libraries have tremendous potential for IoT applications.

The development of technological infrastructure has led to significant changes in the

functioning of libraries within educational institutions. Previously, libraries relied on manual
processes requiring human involvement to carry out essential tasks. However, with the advent
of intelligent library systems, the core activities of libraries have been automated through the
utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. (Sungkur, 2021).

Kumar (2023), this study entitled “Students’ Perspectives on the Application of Internet of
Things for Redesigning Library Services at Kurukshetra University” cited that IoT can integrate
self-issue and return of books, text-to-speech for the visually impaired, bright
inventory/bookshelves, self-booking library seats, self-sorting books, location-based services,
RFID/NFC, and Google Glass (newspaper clippings). (Kumar, 2023).

Adhikari (2023) study entitled "Library Management Software in Tribhuvan University

Constituent Campuses: Problems and Solutions," examines TU campus libraries' software
management issues. This highlights the lack of standardized software and the inadequate
knowledge among executives and librarians, which serve as obstacles to data accessibility and
effective management. It reveals TU College Libraries' management tool issues and
recommends strategies to improve data management and operational performance. It
indicates how crucial it is to address software consistency, knowledge, training, technology, and
study to improve TU school libraries.

Kankara (2018), this project entitled "Web Based Online Library Management System" cited
that the purpose of this project is to assist both students and library personnel in effectively
managing the library while minimizing human effort.

In a study conducted by Aloc et al., (2023), entitled "Enhanced Online Library Management
System: Its Impact on Student's Learning Experience and Academic Performance in Inquiries,
Investigation, and Immersion" revealed that an improved online library management system
significantly enhanced students' learning experience and academic performance. This improved
accessibility of information through features like quick response, video lessons, book pages, and
announcement pages, benefiting school libraries and teachers.

Otolo, P. U. (2020) defines a library management system (LMS) as software that automates
library operations, including cataloging, circulation, acquisitions, and serial management. It
allows librarians to categorize and classify materials, add new items, update metadata, and
remove obsolete items. LMS also tracks lending, returning, reservations, and overdue materials.

Sudarasan et al., 2023 said that a library management system (LMS) is a software application
specifically developed to oversee library operations' functions and activities effectively. The
Library Management System (LMS) is a tool for automating multiple tasks within a library
setting. These tasks encompass cataloging, circulation, acquisitions, and serial management.

While in a study conducted by Aramide & Ogunjobi (2021) entitled "Ibadan school library digital
resource system: the long-awaited solution for Nigerian schools" stated that the need for a
sustainable Integrated Library Management System (ILMS) in Nigeria has gained attention due
to past software system failures. The adoption of ILMS improves accessibility, visibility, and
efficient resource utilization. However, Nigerian schools tend to lag behind higher institutions in
adopting ILMS, despite their significant role in achieving educational objectives. This
discrepancy in focus and resource allocation is crucial for effective library and information
service delivery in the 21st century.

Ismaya et al., (2023), study entitled “An Analysis of Library Management System Development
in South Sulawesi” mentioned that website-based library services have been adopted in some
Indonesian libraries, with a special focus on those located in South Sulawesi. This technology
significantly enhances the efficiency of various tasks performed by librarians on a regular basis.
The advantages cover the ease of effectively managing book data, quicker user assistance,
better access to a greater variety of information, creating exact reports, and other associated
benefits.

Project Design and Development

Synthesis

Similarities
With the above-mentioned studies, Ulep et al., (2020), in this work entitled "Library
Management System for Novaliches High School". This system can benefit a wide range of
stakeholders within the educational institution, including the administration, facilitators,
students, educators, other employees, and individuals who use the library services offered by
the school. Tampipi (2020) study entitled "Library Management System for Quezon City Public
Library" cited that this technology enhances the efficiency of librarians by providing them with
real-time information regarding the availability of requested books. Consequently, librarians can
promptly determine whether a desired book is in stock or unavailable for borrowing. Abuan et
al., (2020), designed system entitled "Proposed Library System for Bestlink College of the
Philippines". This system can enhance time efficiency in task management and ensure data
security exclusively for individuals with authorized access. Gito et al., (2023), conducted a study
entitled "Enhanced Information Retrieval: Aemilianum College Inc.'s Library Management
System" aimed to improve the quality of services provided to librarians and library users at
Aemilianum College Inc. by addressing the limitations and challenges commonly encountered in
traditional library management. The study focused on developing a more convenient, reliable,
efficient, and cost-effective library management system.

Differences
Sudarasan et al., 2023 said that a library management system (LMS) is a software application
specifically developed to oversee library operations' functions and activities effectively. The
Library Management System (LMS) is a tool for automating multiple tasks within a library
setting. These tasks encompass cataloging, circulation, acquisitions, and serial management.
While in a study conducted by Aramide & Ogunjobi (2021) entitled "Ibadan school library digital
resource system: the long-awaited solution for Nigerian schools" stated that the need for a
sustainable Integrated Library Management System (ILMS) in Nigeria has gained attention due
to past software system failures. The adoption of ILMS improves accessibility, visibility, and
efficient resource utilization. However, Nigerian schools tend to lag behind higher institutions in
adopting ILMS, despite their significant role in achieving educational objectives. This
discrepancy in focus and resource allocation is crucial for effective library and information
service delivery in the 21st century. Ismaya et al., (2023), study entitled “An Analysis of Library
Management System Development in South Sulawesi” mentioned that website-based library
services have been adopted in some Indonesian libraries, with a special focus on those located
in South Sulawesi. This technology significantly enhances the efficiency of various tasks
performed by librarians on a regular basis. The advantages cover the ease of effectively
managing book data, quicker user assistance, better access to a greater variety of information,
creating exact reports, and other associated benefits.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study.

Methodology
Project Design and Development

The research focused on designing and implementing a LibNage: A Web-based library

management system. The developmental method was used, which focuses on designing,
developing, and evaluating instructional program processes and products to systematically meet
the consistency and effectiveness criteria of the studies. It includes cases where the product
development process is examined and described, and the outcome is assessed (Dupa, 2018). To
evaluate the research objective and offer a better understanding to the study's audience,
obtaining a result on the growth and evaluation of the researcher's study might be helpful.
The study employs and examines the contextualized practice of the researchers' study, which
serves as the cornerstone of the suggested information system in this chapter of the descriptive
method. The approach will provide data and information from the study's targeted users. In
order to provide valuable data for this study using the qualitative method, the researcher will
elaborate on the user-collected data. After presenting the system to the respondents, it will
qualitatively evaluate its functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability,
reliability, security, maintainability, and portability.

This study utilized the Input, Process, and Output framework to examine the relationships
between the different components of the LibNage: A Web-based Library Management System
for RRTSNHS of San Isidro, San Luis, Aurora.
Demonstrates the design and development process of LibNage, a Web-based Library
Management System for RRTSNHS of San Isidro, San Luis, Aurora. When incorporating novel
features, the researchers employ the agile development process to mitigate risk factors,
including defects, cost overruns, and evolving requirements. Within agile methodologies,
software development teams engage in iterative creation, constructing the software in small
increments that encompass novel functionality.

Agile Model of System Development Life Cycle

The Agile SDLC model combines iterative and incremental process techniques, focusing on
process adaptation and student pleasure by promptly delivering helpful software solutions. The
product is broken up into small, incremental builds using agile methods. These builds' iterations
are provided. An iteration typically lasts one to three weeks. In each iteration, cross-functional
teams work simultaneously on several projects. These days, the software industry uses agile
approaches extensively. The following benefits pertain to the agile model:

Project Planning

The project planning phase is an addition to the planning papers that served as the foundation
for obtaining the resources required to develop a solution to guarantee the success and
efficiency of the project.

Project Timeline
Requirement Analysis
System Requirements

Software Specification
The table below shows the minimal software requirements to enable the system to run as
required for using this web-based system.

Operating System (OS) Minimum: Windows 10

Database MySQL
Programming Language PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Bootstrap
Browser Google Chrome
Development tools Visual Studio Code

Hardware Specification

The table below shows the minimal hardware requirements to enable the system to run as
required for using this web-based system.

Workstation Individual Computer

Processor 1 gigahertz (GHz)
Memory 4gb RAM (64-bit)
Available Disk Space 10gb
Graphics Intel Integrated UHD
Server: Window
Processor Minimum: 1.4 GHz
Recommended: 2.4 GHz
Memory Minimum: 4gb RAM (64-bit)
Recommended: 8gb RAM (64-bit) or higher
Available Disk Space Minimum: 64gb
Recommended: 128gb
Graphics Intel Integrated UHD or Higher
Data Requirements
User Specification Requirements
Design
System Architecture

High Level Architecture Diagram of the Main Components

 First Level DFD of Library

Accessing the System

 Accessing the System

User Privileges
Use Case Diagram
Physical Database Design
Data Relationships
Data Flow Diagram
System Flow Chart
Flowchart of the Proposed System
System Flowchart

System Flowchart
 Data Flowchart

Pseudo Codes
Interface Design
Algorithms
Development

Specific front-end and back-end programming languages are used to create the system. Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML), Bootstrap, and Cascading Stylesheets (CSS) are the systems used for the front
end. The system's back end used the Javascript (JS) and Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP).

Development Tools

The following are the technologies and tools used to develop the system.

Visual Studio Code: The coding editor Visual Studio coding is cutting-edge and potent. It is the ideal code
editor, especially for web development and coding. We utilized this type of code editor because it offers
practical features like syntax highlighting. Snippets, auto format, highlighting, and bracket matching are
exceptionally user-friendly when identifying and fixing problems and errors throughout development.

XAMPP: The user-friendly architecture of XAMPP makes it simple for developers to set up a local server
environment quickly. It has an easy installation process and a control panel with quick-start and quick-
stop functionality for services like Apache, MySQL, and other related software.

Browser: The user can use a browser website to search for various ideas and combine them to craft an
original project. The system was constructed by merging the information gathered through the browser.
Front-End and Back-End Technologies

HTML: HTML is the most frequently used markup language for building Web pages. It establishes the
framework of a website by employing tags and elements, although it is not considered a programming
language. Additionally, web-based systems utilize HTML to gather data and input components.

CSS: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) aims to provide styling options for HTML documents, allowing for the
creation of visually appealing web pages. CSS offers diverse design choices, including flexbox, grid, media
query, hovering, shadows, background images, colors, fonts, and padding. The development of website
user interfaces requires a considerable amount of creativity. Websites must be visually appealing,
responsive, and easy to navigate for users. The integration of CSS into our system has significantly
improved its appearance, providing a polished and aesthetically pleasing design.

Bootstrap: Bootstrap is a helpful CSS framework for developing responsive, mobile-first front-end
websites. It is free and open-source. It includes design templates for typography, forms, buttons,
navigation, and other user interface elements based on HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. In plainer terms,
bootstrap is used to speed up the creation of responsive websites by designers and developers. We used
bootstrap codes to make the dashboard, HTML forms, and containers on our website so that we could
easily handle the spacing, margin, padding, buttons, and alignments.

JavaScript: A dynamic and interactive website can be made using JavaScript, a front-end programming
language. This programming language is intended for front-end development, including animation
creation, smooth scrolling, and user experience to make websites dynamic for users.

PHP: A programming language is called Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP). Popular all-purpose scripting
language PHP was explicitly created for back-end web development. PHP is primarily employed in a
website's back-end operations. Every web page's buttons have features for gathering user input, running
algorithms, and maintaining security. Because PHP is a language that is ideal for developing our website's
back end, it was used in the system.

SQL: The programming language known as Structured Query Language (SQL) was created to store,
modify, and retrieve data from databases. It serves as the Relational Database System standard
language. The database of our system's database was used to manage the student records.

System Testing

Before a system is placed in an area where end users may access it, testing, a crucial and time-consuming
procedure, must be finished. A crucial step in the system development lifecycle, it evaluates the system's
quality. It identifies flaws to rectify them as soon as feasible using an exhaustive testing methodology. A
block-box testing approach was used during the system design phase. Before testing the entire system,
unit testing was used to ensure that each program component functions appropriately. If any
components are not successfully tested during unit testing, the system modules should not be released if
the system is not fully working.
Test Plan
In the system's test plan, confirmation testing ensures all bugs are fixed. The errors in the program were
checked, confirmed, and fixed. It is just as essential to ensure that the test is run the same way as the
first time, with the same inputs, data, and environment as the first test.

Requirement-Based Testing
System Deployment
Project Implementation and Development

Project Implementation involves putting the project plan into action. The system will be
implemented in the real world, and it will be evaluated to measure its capabilities and
functionalities.

Population and Local of the Study

The target population sampling will be based on a snowball sampling technique. The population was
composed of thirty students, librarian and ten from the IT expert instructors of Aurora State College of
Technology.

Data Collection Procedures

Data Collection Instruments

Software Product Quality

The system was tested and evaluated based on the following criteria of ISO 25010 (Software Product
Quality).

Functional suitability. This characteristic represents the degree to which a product or system provides
functions that meet stated and implied needs when used under specified conditions.

Performance efficiency. This characteristic represents the performance relative to the number of
resources used under stated conditions.
Compatibility. This characteristic represents the degree to which the system or component can
exchange information with other products, systems or components, and/or perform its required
functions while sharing the same hardware or software environment.

Usability. This characteristic represents the degree to which a product or system can be used by
specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified
context of use.

Reliability. This characteristic represents the degree to which a system, product or component performs
specified functions under specified conditions for a specified period of time.

Security. This characteristic represents the degree to which a product or system protects information
and data so that persons or other products or systems have the degree of data access appropriate to
their types and levels of authorization.

Maintainability. This characteristic represents the degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a
product or system can be modified to improve it, correct it or adapt it to changes in environment, and in
requirements.
Portability. This characteristic represents the degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a system,
product or component can be transferred from one hardware, software or other operational or usage
environment to another.

Treatment of Data

The statistical treatments used in this project are the percentage and weighted mean to indicate
whether the proposed system complies with the software characteristic standard of ISO 25010.