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Indefinite Integration Marathon 6 Hours

Indefinite integration, also called anti-differentiation, is the reverse process of differentiation. It finds an antiderivative (or indefinite integral) of a function, which is any function whose derivative is the original function. The general form of an indefinite integral is F(x) + c, where F(x) is an antiderivative and c is an arbitrary constant that arises due to the addition of a constant to an antiderivative not changing its derivative. Common techniques for evaluating indefinite integrals include the use of trigonometric identities, substitution, and integration by parts.

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166 views326 pages

Indefinite Integration Marathon 6 Hours

Indefinite integration, also called anti-differentiation, is the reverse process of differentiation. It finds an antiderivative (or indefinite integral) of a function, which is any function whose derivative is the original function. The general form of an indefinite integral is F(x) + c, where F(x) is an antiderivative and c is an arbitrary constant that arises due to the addition of a constant to an antiderivative not changing its derivative. Common techniques for evaluating indefinite integrals include the use of trigonometric identities, substitution, and integration by parts.

Uploaded by

Girik Bhandoria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indefinite Integration
Indefinite Integration

Indefinite integration is the reverse


operation of differentiation
Hence it is also called as anti-derivative

e.g.

Similarly,

Why c?
Indefinite Integration

Thus, the general value of


∫ f(x) dx = F(x) + c

c=0
c=1
∫ 2x dx = x2 + c c=2
.
.

where, c is constant of integration


Notation
Notation

Should not be forgotten

Integrand Constant of integration


Some standard Integrals
Some standard Integrals

Below is the list of some integrals which we


know by our knowledge of differentiation.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
Some standard Integrals

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)
Some standard Integrals

(l)

(m)

(n)

(o)

(p)
Some Properties of Indefinite
Integral

Where C is any arbitrary constant.


NOTE
NCERT
Q. Find an anti-derivative (or integral)
of cos 3x
Q. Find an anti-derivative (or integral)
of cos 3x
Q. Find an anti-derivative (or integral)
of cos 3x
Solution:
NCERT
Q. Find an anti-derivative (or integral)
of sin 2x - 4e3x
Q. Find an anti-derivative (or integral)
of sin 2x - 4e3x
Q. Find an anti-derivative (or integral)
of sin 2x - 4e3x
Solution:
CBSE 2021
Q. The anti-derivative of
equals

D
Q. The anti-derivative of
equals
Q. The anti-derivative of
equals
Solution:
CBSE 2021
Q. The anti-derivative of
equals

D
NCERT
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Solution:
NCERT
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Solution:
NCERT
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Solution:
NCERT
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Solution:
NCERT
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Solution:
NCERT
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Solution:
NCERT
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Q. Find the following integrals:
Solution:
NCERT
Q. The anti-derivative of
equals

D
Q. The anti-derivative of
equals
Q. The anti-derivative of
equals
Solution:
Q. The anti-derivative of
equals

D
NCERT
Q.
such that
f(2) = 0. Then f(x) is

D
Q.
such that
f(2) = 0. Then f(x) is
Q.
such that
f(2) = 0. Then f(x) is
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Q.
such that
f(2) = 0. Then f(x) is

D
Methods of Integration

1. Transformation (transforming integrand into


a standard form using basic manipulations)
2. Substitution
3. By parts

Let’s practise these one by one.


In 1, we primarily need to take care of modulus.
Integration by Substitution
Let’s first see few examples to understand how
substitution helps in integration & how is it done
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q. sin x sin (cos x)


Q. sin x sin (cos x)
Q. sin x sin (cos x)
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q. e2x + 3
Q. e2x + 3
Q. e2x + 3
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.

A 10x - x10 + C

B 10x + x10 + C

C (10x - x10)-1 + C

D log(10x + x10) + C
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.

A 10x - x10 + C

B 10x + x10 + C

C (10x - x10)-1 + C

D log(10x + x10) + C
NCERT

Q.

A tan x + cot x + C

B tan x - cot x + C

C tan x cot x + C

D tan x - cot 2x + C
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Q.

A tan x + cot x + C

B tan x - cot x + C

C tan x cot x + C

D tan x - cot 2x + C
Integration using
Trigonometric Identities

When the integrand involves some


trigonometric functions, we use some
known identities to find the integral as
illustrated through the following example.
NCERT

Q. sin 3x cos 4x
Q. sin 3x cos 4x
Q. sin 3x cos 4x
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q. cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x


Q. cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
Q. cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q. sin3 x cos3 x
Q. sin3 x cos3 x
Q. sin3 x cos3 x
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q. sin 4x sin 8x
Q. sin 4x sin 8x
Q. sin 4x sin 8x
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.

A -cot (exx) + C

B tan (xex) + C

C tan (ex) + C

D cot (ex) + C
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.

A -cot (exx) + C

B tan (xex) + C

C tan (ex) + C

D cot (ex) + C
Some standard Substitutions
Some standard Substitutions

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)
Now, lets see few more standard integrals, most of
which are derived using above standard substitutions

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
Recall
Integration of Algebraic
Expression
Integration of Algebraic
Expression
Format 1:

where P(x) is constant or linear

Working strategy: If P(x) is constant, just


complete the square in denominator and if
P(x) is linear then create derivative of
quadratic, in the numerator.
Integration of Algebraic
Expression
Format 2:

Working strategy: Express numerator in


terms of denominator, derivative of
denominator & a constant

i.e.
Integration of Algebraic
Expression
Format 3:

Working strategy:
Use division algorithm to write P(x) in terms of
ax2 + bx + c
Integration of Algebraic
Expression
Format 4:
(Even powers of x)

Working strategy:
Divide numerator & denominator by x2.
Integration of Algebraic
Expression
Format 5:

(a)

(b)

(c)

Here, ϕ(x) is linear or a constant


Integration of Algebraic
Expression
Format 5:

Working strategy:

(a) Put

(b) Put

(c) Put
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
CBSE 2021

Q.

A x tan-1 (x + 1) + C

B tan-1 (x + 1) + C

C (x + 1) tan-1 x + C

D tan-1 x + C
Q.
Q.
Solution:
CBSE 2021

Q.

A x tan-1 (x + 1) + C

B tan-1 (x + 1) + C

C (x + 1) tan-1 x + C

D tan-1 x + C
Integrals by Partial Fractions
Integrals by Partial Fractions

Partial Fractions

Consider ratio of two polynomials

(i.e. rational algebraic expression)

(1) If deg(P(x)) ≥ deg(Q(x)) then f(x) is called improper fraction


(2) If deg(P(x)) < deg(Q(x)) then f(x) is called proper fraction.

Partial fractions gives us a way to represent proper fraction into


sum or difference of simpler fractions
(which are easy to integrate)
Integrals by Partial Fractions
Formats: In a proper fraction we can represent
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
NOTE

If we have an improper fraction then we use


division algorithm of polynomial to represent
it as proper fraction.
Integration by Parts

This is the product rule of integration. But the


formula here is not as straightforward as it is in
differentiation. Here, it matters a lot that which
function is taken as first function & which function is
taken as second function.

Choosing first and second function:


Take that function as first function which comes first
in ILATE.
REMARK

● Basically, function whose integration is


easy, is taken as second function.
● If integrand contains only one function
which cannot be integrated directly
(eg: ln x, sin-1 x etc) then we take second
function as “1” and try “By Parts”
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.

D log|(x - 1)(x - 2)| + C


Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.

D log|(x - 1)(x - 2)| + C


NCERT

Q.

D
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
Q.

D
JEE Main- 2020

Q. The integral

is equal to (where C is a constant of


integration)
A

D
Q. The integral

is equal to (where C is a constant of


integration)
Q. The integral

is equal to (where C is a constant of


integration)
Solution:
JEE Main- 2020

Q. The integral

is equal to (where C is a constant of


integration)
A

D
Now lets see two classic integral, which are
very important

(1)

(2)
NCERT

Q. x sin 3x
Q. x sin 3x
Q. x sin 3x
Solution:
NCERT

Q. x2 log x
Q. x2 log x
Q. x2 log x
Solution:
NCERT

Q. x tan-1 x
Q. x tan-1 x
Q. x tan-1 x
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
Solution:
NCERT

Q. ex (sin x + cos x)
Q. ex (sin x + cos x)
Q. ex (sin x + cos x)
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
CBSE 2020

Q.

D
Q.
Q.
Solution:
CBSE 2020

Q.

D
NCERT

Q.

A ex cos x + C

B ex sec x + C

C ex cos x + C

D ex tan x + C
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.

A ex cos x + C

B ex sec x + C

C ex cos x + C

D ex tan x + C
Now, lets see few more standard integrals, most of
which are derived using above standard substitutions

(e)

(f)

(g)
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
NCERT

Q.
Q.
Q.
Solution:
CBSE 2021

Q.

D
Q.
Q.
Solution:
CBSE 2021

Q.

D
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