COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING

DESIGN 7 TITLE:
A PROPOSED ALL-INCLUSIVE HISTO-ECOLOGICAL RESORT IN
PAGSANJAN, LAGUNA

A Semestral Plate Presented to

The College of Architecture and Urban Planning
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Architectural Design VII

By:
Alac, Cedrick Kyle G.
2020 - 10090
Garlan, Ashley Ane T.
2020-11450
Ventura, Chae Elicia R.
2020-13323

AR. ALNIE KHAYZER P. HAYUDINI

Design VII Instructor

OCTOBER 2023
 COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
APPROVAL SHEET
The thesis hereto titled

SEMESTRAL PLATE TITLE

prepared and submitted by - in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VII has been examined and is recommended for
acceptance and approval for MIDTERM EXAMINATION.

__________________________________
AR. MA. MONICA PUJALTE
AR. KARLO MAMIIT
AR. CARL JONNEL ELIPANE
AR. ALNIE KHAYZER HAYUDINI
AR. LESTER ANTHONY CALUNSOD
AR. ELMA BULAYO
Design VII Instructor

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination

with a grade of _____ on October ____, 2023.

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture.

_________________________________ __________________________
Ar. Ar. JARED AARON R. CRUZ
Chairman College Dean
College Research Committee College of Architecture and
Urban Planning

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 COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
ABSTRACT
‘Sustainability’ is the term that indicates the worth in the contemporary built
environment in the world order. It has been the ongoing symbol that describes the
efficiency and growth of almost all developments. Sustainability woven into the fabric
of nature gave an idea to planners, architects, and developers to exercise the concept
in developments of the tourism sector like resorts, hotels, parks, etc. The continuous
movement resulted in the concept of ecologically sustainable tourism, and according
to the Brundtland definition, promoted by the United Nations, ecologically sustainable
tourism, or ESD is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

This study took the emergence of sustainable tourism and resource

management as core resort design principles. One of the many measures to justify the
relationship between two relative concepts, the researchers looked into few resorts
alongside the methods of renewable resources. This is an address to the increasingly
scarce resources, esp in the project site, Pagsanjan Laguna, however, the challenge is
to strike a balance between a resort’s feasibility and environmental requirements.

Upon thorough study of the site conditions and relevant works of literature,
the researchers discovered that it isn’t economical for resorts to be self-sustained in
terms of resources. Nonetheless, there is a method that resembles most of the studies’
recommendations that yet instills sustainability- which efficiently uses all resources,
conserves the natural environment, and correlates the resort and the local. Hybrid
management of resources of a medium-scale resort is a better alternative than
self-sufficiency, for it opens further opportunities for community involvement and
preserves financial costs. For a proposed histo-ecological resort, apart from the green
efforts to sustainability, it is also crucial to have people and culture involved in the
process. In addition, the study highlights embracing the topography and climate of
any site for a histo-ecological resort. The topography insists on the distinctiveness of
the site and the resources it may offer for the resort. Moreover, they determine the
primary purpose and form of the resort, and the design shall adhere to the challenges
and opportunities that exist. This study concluded with a framework to feasibly design
an all-inclusive resort rooted in heritage and its corresponding variables.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
No work of this kind can be achieved in solitude. The researchers express their
utmost gratitude to our Almighty Father, who made our research paper possible
through His guidance and wisdom which He bestowed upon us.

To our Instructor, Ar. Alnie Khayzer P. Hayudini , for giving us the

opportunity to enhance and practice our skills in problem solving, planning, and
designing complex structures in a challenging site and in guiding us throughout our
research phases.

To our parents and guardians, who provided us with daily strength and
motivation that we needed to push through in our processes in developing and
achieving our desired outcomes.

To the authors, architects, and fellow researchers of the same field who helped
in providing us the resources and data we need through literature and shared
experiences that shaped our design strategies into fruitfulness.

Finally, the team would like to express their gratitude to all the members who
contributed actively to the conceptualization, planning, and design of the mixed-use
resort in Pagsanjan, Laguna. The researchers acknowledge the dedication, diligence,
and perseverance of each individual, which played a significant role in achieving our
set goals and objectives.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF FIGURES viii
Chapter I 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Background of the Study 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem 3
1.3. Goals and Objectives of the Study 4
1.4. Scope and Limitation of the Study 5
1.5. Assumptions of the Study 6
1.6. Significance and Purpose of the Study 6
1.7. Architectural Hypothesis of the Study 6
1.8. Definition of the Terms 7

Chapter II 9
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9
2.1. Local Studies 9
2.1.1. Resort with Farming Facilities 9
2.1.2. Self-sustaining Resorts 10
2.1.3 Histo-ecological Resorts 11
2.2. International Studies 11
2.1.1. Resort with Farming Facilities 11
2.1.1.2. Renewable Energy Systems 13
2.1.2. Self-sustaining Resorts 14
2.1.3 Histo-ecological Resorts 15

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Chapter III 16
METHODOLOGY 16
3.1 Key Theories and Concepts 16
3.2. Theoretical Framework 20
3.3. Conceptual Framework 22
3.4. Site Selection 23
3.5 Sources of Data 23
3.5.1. Secondary 23
3.5.1.1. Institutional Data 23
3.5.1.2. Scholarly Data and Published Research 24
3.5.1.3. Online Article and Reports 24

Chapter IV 25
RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS, AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DATA 25
4.1. Legal Basis for Design 25
4.1.1. National Regulations 25
4.1.1.1.Character of Site According to Building Occupancy Type 25
4.1.1.2. Use of Site According to Zoning Classification 25
4.1.1.3. The Philippine Green Building Code 26
4.1.1.4. Batas Pambansang Bilang 344 (B.P. 344) 26
4.1.1.5 Tourism Act of 2009 27
4.1.2. Local Regulations 27
4.2. Site Profile 28
4.2.3. Site Requirements 28
4.2.3.1. Gross Floor Area Based on Lot Type (Corner Lot) 28
4.2.3.2. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy 29
4.2.3.3. Minimum Parking Slot, Parking Area, and Loading/ Unloading Space
Requirements 29
4.2.3.3.1. Range of Required Sidewalk Widths 29
4.2.3.3.2. Open Space Requirements by Occupancy Type and Lot
Type/Location 29
4.2.3.3.3. Minimum Setbacks 30

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 4.2.3. Micro Site Analysis 30
4.2.3.1. Site Inventory 30
4.2.3.1.1. Community 30
4.2.3.1.2. Transportation 30
4.2.3.1.3. Roads 31
4.2.3.1.4. Drainage and Sewage 31
4.2.3.1.5. Solid Waste Disposal 31
4.2.3.1.6. Water Supply 31
4.2.3.2. SWOT Analysis 32
4.2.3.3. Macro Site Analysis 32
4.2.3.3.1. Climate and Geographical Condition 32
4.2.3.3.2. Current Site Condition 33
4.3 User Analysis 34
4.4 Design Programming 36

Chapter V 37
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37
5.1 Conclusion 37
5.1 Recommendation 38

APPENDICES 39
APPENDIX A- Map showing the Site (Felicidad Realty Inc.) from Q.C. CPDO 39
APPENDIX B- Actual Photos of the Site 40
References 41
Curriculum Vitae 44

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 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION
This introduction sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the
challenges, opportunities, and innovative solutions that define the proposed
all-inclusive self-sustained resort in the distinctive setting of Pagsanjan, Laguna. By
emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between sustainable design, cultural
appreciation, and environmental conservation, this study strives to redefine the
parameters of hospitality, setting a new standard for inclusive and ecocentric resorts in
the region and beyond.

1.1 Background of the Study

The hospitality industry has undergone significant transformations in recent
years, driven by changing consumer preferences and technological advancements.
Several researchers have focused on different aspects of this dynamic and
multifaceted sector. Studies have emphasized the crucial role of customer satisfaction
in ensuring the long-term success of hospitality businesses (Chi, 2016). In this light,
the concept of all-inclusive resorts has gained prominence, encompassing a wide array
of recreational activities, relaxation opportunities, and essential amenities. These
resorts aim to provide a seamless blend of comfort, leisure, and an environment that
fosters a connection with nature. However, the successful establishment of such a
resort heavily relies on accessible resources, infrastructure, and sustainable practices,
which are crucial factors often overlooked in the planning process.

The proposed project aims to address the challenges associated with

establishing an all-inclusive resort in the outskirts of Pagsanjan, a developing 3rd
class municipality characterized by limited resources and infrastructure. The
location's proximity to commercial zones poses a significant threat to the local
biodiversity, necessitating a careful balance between development and environmental
conservation. The remote nature of the site presents a substantial obstacle to providing
essential utilities and transportation, thereby potentially hindering the overall guest
experience.

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 To overcome these challenges, the project proposes an innovative approach to
design and sustainability. Studies by Nunkoo and Ramkissoon (2011) and Gössling et
al. (2012) have highlighted the positive impact of renewable energy sources, such as
solar and wind power, in reducing the carbon footprint of resorts. These findings
underscore the potential for resorts to achieve energy self-sufficiency and contribute
to broader sustainability goals through the adoption of renewable energy solutions.
Leveraging the creek as a potential source of renewable energy and integrating the
surrounding flora into a self-sufficient farming system can provide the necessary
nourishment for the resort's operations, thereby reducing its reliance on external
resources. This approach not only ensures a more sustainable and eco-friendly
operational model but also preserves the local environment and its inherent
biodiversity.

Furthermore, the project aims to celebrate the rich cultural heritage of

Pagsanjan, Laguna, by infusing elements of its history and cultural tapestry into the
resort's design and offerings. Research by Jamal and Stronza (2009) has highlighted
the importance of fostering meaningful partnerships with local artisans, cultural
experts, and community members to ensure the respectful integration of cultural
practices and traditions within the resort. By fostering an atmosphere of rest and
rejuvenation while prioritizing ecological preservation, the proposed histo-ecological
resort seeks to redefine the paradigms of hospitality, promoting a harmonious
coexistence between human activity and nature. This collaborative approach not only
promotes community empowerment and cultural preservation but also enriches the
guest experience by providing authentic and immersive encounters with the local
culture (Richards & Wilson 2004).

The convergence of sustainable practices, cultural appreciation, and

environmental consciousness is envisioned to set this proposed resort apart as a
benchmark for inclusive and eco-centric hospitality, contributing not only to the local
tourism sector but also to the conservation and promotion of the region's natural
heritage.

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1.2 Statement of the Problem
An all-inclusive resort is ideally a self-sustained destination that features most
of the recreational and holistic activities a vacationer expects to experience during
their stay. As they plan to break away from their daily life and environment, they have
perceptions set to be one of nature at a somewhat comfortable level. Hence, an
all-inclusive resort shall consist of basic human needs, and an open opportunity for
learning and leisure, simultaneously suggesting an atmosphere of rest.

In line with this, the project states a rather challenging welcome, the project
lot stands on the undeveloped outskirts of Pagsanjan - a 3rd class municipality with
scattered resources. Since, a pioneering project, the limited access indicates the
difficulty in providing utility, nourishment, and transportation for the resort, thus
compromising the user experience. Moreover, it is adjacent to commercial zones
hence, the flora and fauna are at risk with further developments.

To achieve a design that will satisfy the requirements of all users, this study
suggests designing an all-inclusive self-sustained resort with the active involvement
of the creek as an asset for power sources and surrounding vegetation as a variable for
farming that provides nourishment- recommending a built environment that is
sustainable and secures scarce resources.

Seamlessly incorporating the rich history and cultural tapestry of Pagsanjan,

Laguna with an atmosphere of rest, this histo-ecological resort pays tribute to
well-being, regeneration, and eco-centric destination in a manner that stands out from
the rest.

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1.3 Goals and Objectives of the Study
Goals

These study aims to:

● To design an all-inclusive resort in the outskirts of Pagsanjan, Laguna that

integrates seamlessly with the natural environment, preserving the local
ecosystem and biodiversity.
● To establish a self-sustained operational model for the resort, reducing its
reliance on external resources and minimizing its environmental footprint.
● To celebrate and integrate the rich history and cultural heritage of Pagsanjan,
infusing the resort with elements that reflect the region's unique identity and
fostering a deeper connection with the local community and its traditions.
● To provide guests with a comprehensive and immersive experience that
promotes relaxation, holistic well-being, and an understanding of sustainable
living practices, thereby fostering an appreciation for eco-centric hospitality.
● To contribute to the sustainable development of Pagsanjan by setting a
precedent for responsible tourism and fostering local economic growth while
prioritizing the preservation of the region's natural resources.

Objectives

The following are the objectives to achieve the goals of the study:

● To conduct site inventory, swot analysis, and site analysis of the site,
identifying key ecological features, natural resources, and potential risks
associated with development.
● To design an integrated system that utilizes the creek as a sustainable power
source for the resort's operations, emphasizing the utilization of renewable
energy and the implementation of eco-friendly practices.
● To develop a self-sufficient farming system that utilizes the surrounding
vegetation to provide fresh and sustainable nourishment for the resort's guests,
reducing the dependence on external food sources and promoting a
farm-to-table approach.

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 ● To curate an immersive guest experience that highlights the local culture and
heritage of Pagsanjan through architectural elements, culinary offerings, and
interactive programs that promote cultural exchange and community
engagement.

By achieving these goals and objectives, the study endeavors to set a new standard for
sustainable hospitality, showcasing the potential of responsible tourism as a catalyst
for both economic growth and environmental preservation in the unique setting of
Pagsanjan, Laguna.

1.4 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The paper will study the self-sufficiency of an all inclusive resort located in
the outskirts of Pagsanjan, Laguna leading to the famous tourist spot Cavinti Falls. It
will cover all of its strengths and weaknesses, its efficiency, and its potential to be a
self-sustaining entity considering the chosen location of the site has limited resources
nearby. The paper will include studying the different laws and orders governing the
municipality of Pagsanjan that will affect the theoretical resort and study issues and
considerations it might encounter in the subject of sustainability.

The study will only focus on the chosen site of the researchers that
corresponds directly to the given hypothetical conditions of the equally hypothetical
client. As the researchers will be conducting a study about the efficiency of a self
sustainable resort, it will not touch the factors and problems that do not affect nor
directly relate to the researchers goals and objectives. This excludes any issues
outside the chosen location of the site.

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1.5 Assumptions of the Study
The study will be conducted under the assumption that the site will be
accessible to all guests including the residents of Pagsanjan and tourists from all over
the country and overseas alike. It is assumed that there will be no budget constraints
over the hypothetical construction cost of the proposed resort. And it will be assumed
that any structural, electrical, sanitary plans will not be needed or considered during
the conduction of the study. It will also be assumed that any drainage or sewer system
will be automatically accounted for and will not need to be emphasized or discussed
any further other than some design considerations that the researchers will include in
the final design.

1.6 Significance and Purpose of the Study

This paper imparts the knowledge of sustainable architecture in terms of
designing an all-inclusive resort in homage to heritage and culture. There is a rapid
demand for securing water, energy, and food; the integration of architecture in
mitigating scarcity of resources is necessary for consumers, developers, and the
region. The proposed design solution allows future studies to perceive that it is
feasible for a resort to produce their own resources, in part or whole. Furthermore, the
concept of fast living is taking dominance even in the rural areas, weaving the resort
principles to the fabric of culture and hospitality of Pagsanjan can stimulate authentic
experience and boost its heritage. As a result of the measures to improve the
management of resources through green efforts, the municipality's culture is
reinforced through its ecological resorts.

1.7 Architectural Hypothesis of the Study

How much artificial resources does a resort consume annually? from
accentuating all the leisure activities to utilities, it is likely a huge value. According to
the study conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) in 2021, resorts and
other accommodations had the highest water and energy consumption at 105.54
million cu.m and 280 KWH, respectively. They account for 79.6 percent of water
usage and 44.6 percent of energy usage- causing the sector to be the largest
contributor to carbon emissions.

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 If an all-inclusive resort can pioneer renewable sourcing that can supply
sufficient natural resources for the consumption of power, water, and food, then it can
reduce the competition in limited resources in the region, and promote preservation of
nature. The cumulative efforts of the proposed resort and the locale to transition to a
low-carbon economy may result in an ecologically feasible development and
Pagsanjan's cultural restoration. Further involving the Pagsanjan’s culture and
topography in the proposed resort would lead to a paradigm of sustainability and
self-sufficiency.

1.8 Definition of the Terms

All-inclusive Resort

A resort that offers at minimum lodging services, 3 daily meals,

accommodation beverages (i.e. Soft drinks, Non-alcoholic and
Alcoholic beverages), resort amenities, gratuities all in one booking
price.

Carbon Footprint

According to The Nature Conservancy, A carbon footprint is

the total amount of greenhouse gasses (including carbon dioxide and
methane) that are generated by our actions.

Eco-centric

It is a philosophy or perspective where together with their

natural environment all living organisms that occupies a space in the
ecosystem, regardless of their uses or importance to us human beings
have value

Micro-Hydropower

It is a small-scale system that harnesses the kinetic energy from

a moving body of water (i.e waterfalls, strong current river or creek)
and converts it into electric energy.

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Renewable Energy

It is an energy that is replenished at a faster rate than they are

being used. These energies are harvested from natural sources such as
sunlight and wind

Self-sustaining

Self sustaining is a quality of any establishment that can easily

provide for itself and healthily resume normal functions without any
outside help

Sustainable Architecture

It is an architecture style that seeks to create a design that aims

to minimize harmful environmental impact by using available
technologies and materials efficiently and moderately.

Watershed

It is a body of land that was naturally formed through decades

of erosion and displacement and creates a viable shape that can drain
or “shed” water into a specific waterbody.

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 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Local Studies

Resort with Farming Facilities
In recent years, there has been a growing trend of resorts incorporating
farming facilities into their operations. This trend is driven by a desire to
provide guests with a unique and authentic experience, as well as a growing
interest in sustainable and locally sourced food.

Barangay Casile is an agricultural area and is known for its natural

heritage such as the Matang Tubig River and Falls and the Marcos Twin
Tower. The area is also characterized by highlands and cool breeze with an
average daily temperature of around 22 to 24 degrees Celsius. These resources
make Barangay Casile a potential eco-agri tourism site. Tuzon, T. P., Hilao, L.,
et. al (2014) highlights the evolution of Casile in Cabuyao City, Laguna,
Philippines, into an eco-agri tourism destination. It emphasizes the shift from
conventional agricultural practices to a more sustainable and tourism-oriented
approach. The study underscores the specific strategies and initiatives
implemented by the community and local authorities to foster eco-friendly
agricultural methods while promoting tourism.

Status of Agri-Tourism business in Central Luzon, Philippines: Basis for

Development Plan

The primary goal of this study is to provide a profile of farmers

involved in agri-tourism in Central Luzon, analyze the operational status of
their businesses, identify best practices, and address common challenges. The
research employed a descriptive method with purposive sampling and
involved surveying and interviewing respondents using modified
questionnaires. Typically, agri-tourism businesses in the region are family-run
and have affiliations with tourism and agriculture organizations, ensuring

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 compliance with necessary facilities and safety standards. These businesses
serve a diverse clientele and offer services like classes, seminars, workshops,
and tours. Key best practices include building trust and confidence, utilizing a
referral system, hands-on management, and rigorous financial monitoring.
Conversely, challenges encompass labor shortages, the niche nature of the
market, price fluctuations, seasonality of products and services, staff skill
gaps, and substantial capital requirements.

In order to create a thriving business off of agri-tourism, they must be

given support by multiple stakeholders in order to achieve the most of its
potential. As of now agri tourism is still a rather new industry venture. People
are still not familiar with the industry thus it is difficult to maintain a low
employee turnover and have regular visitors. It is important to entice high
quality workers with different benefits and salary in order for them to stay in
the industry and follow the detailed developmental framework plan in the
study which indicates a partnership with the government will help boost the
growth of the agritourism industry.

Self-sustaining Resorts
Sustainable tourism in the Philippines - Epsilon Archive for Student Projects
Achieving sustainable development is a major contemporary policy
debate. It's centered around concerns regarding prolonged natural resource use
and its link to economic growth. Properly managed tourism can bring benefits
to both tourists and host communities, but mismanagement can have negative
consequences. This project involves designing a sustainable tourist
environment on a small Philippine island. Through field studies and
consultations with local stakeholders in Coron, the paper proposed the
Watercolors Resort. Their design integrates landscape and structures to create
a self-sustaining environment that encourages environmentally responsible
behavior among guests and staff.
The mentioned study above can act as a guide towards developing the
researchers study towards sustainable design implemented in building a resort.
The Watercolors Resort site is situated near the sea, a complete reversal of the

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 researchers site which is in the middle of a wooded area. Despite the different
sites, the study still provides excellent guidelines to building a self-sufficient
resort.

Histo-ecological Resorts
First to third nature: the rise of capitalist conservation on Palawan Island, the
Philippines

Rural communities in Southeast Asia are witnessing changes in their

social relationships and agricultural lands due to agrarian shifts, conservation,
and capitalist development. This study focuses on the Puerto Princesa
Subterranean River National Park in the Philippines, examining how these
changes have been accelerated by evaluating people and nature in economic
terms. The national park's designation as a World Heritage site has attracted
private sector investments, objectifying and commodifying nature to fund
conservation and development. While these processes revalue nature in market
terms, the study notes that the overall impact is context-dependent and partial.

The resort that will be designed will directly be benefiting from the
environmental resources around the supposed site. As the study being
mentioned suggests, changes in agricultural lands and agrarian shifts have
pushed for the rapid change on how people value nature. Using the
environment for capitalistic goals can and will have a massive effect on the
environment it will be built up on. No matter how much effort and labor we
put into preserving the environment we are willingly occupying, there will still
be an irreversible effect on it. The extent of how it will be impacted will
depend on the context of the research.

2.2 International Studies

Resort with Farming Facilities
Agrotourism as an element of the development of a green economy in a resort area
In response to global environmental challenges, many countries are
pursuing "green growth" strategies that combine economic, ecological, social,

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 and technological efforts. Agrotourism is considered an eco-friendly activity
with significant potential in Russian regions. However, challenges like
inadequate infrastructure, lack of recognition, limited access, seasonal
agricultural production, weak state support, and investor disinterest hinder its
development. This study focuses on agrotourism in resort areas, like Sochi,
which can contribute to a "green economy" and overall "green growth" in
architecture.
The study urges people to not think of agritourism as only of
agricultural activities, It can be more than simple farming. It can incite
multiple learnings regarding the culture and life of farmers, better
understanding how planting works by working and practicing with them, you
can also learn different types of flora and fauna. It is a plethora of great
outdoor activities that many people can enjoy. Although it offers a wide
variety of services. The study still firmly maintains that agritourism isn't the
most profitable in the tourism industry, but with better facilities and
management it can surely improve its chances of thriving.

How self-sufficient can a restaurant be?

For the last decades, accommodation facilities have been taking
measures towards sustainability not just in their spaces but in consumption as
well. One of which is food consumption, esp in a restaurant setting- the study
revealed two methods of how restaurant supplies themselves with raw
ingredients and their efficiency in providing them. The study concluded that a
restaurant's self-sufficiency is not feasible and is a largely romantic idea.
Primarily, the geography and weather limit the production, and the costs of
additional labor and capital are higher. Having said that, free trade or buying
from farmers and producers in the region fits sustainable practices and reduces
food miles. It is the practical alternative to self-sufficiency.
In relevance to the proposed resort, it is suggested to utilize free
trading with the supplier in the municipality, than to pursue self-sufficiency for
food. However, sourcing from other regions is inevitable since there are raw
ingredients not produced in the area. This alternative is yet a better option to

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 secure the availability of nourishment and boost the agriculture of the region,
alongside the farming facilities of the resort.

Renewable Energy Systems

Feasibility Analysis Of Renewable Energy Supply Systems In A Small Grid
Connected Resort
This case study had a thorough comparison of the feasibility of energy
independence of resort developments from small scale to large. Robins, 2009
introduced 3 key factors that resorts can use to determine if a stand-alone
renewable energy system (RES) is feasible in their setting- Payback Period,
Renewable Factor, and Net Present Cost. These three were applied in three (3)
resorts studied in the paper, one looks at a grid-only connected resort, and
another two looks at a stand-alone renewable energy system for small and
large hotels. The renewable energy systems considered in this case study are
Solar Power, Wind Power, and Fuel Cells - hence, they are the most utilized.

The study had 3 main conclusions: (1) a grid-connected system is the

most cost-efficient, without RES. However, it is only for small-scale resort
developments, the study also stated that a hybrid grid (grid connection and
RES) is feasible for medium to large resorts. It has a shorter payback period
and renewable factor, however, it has higher net present costs than a grid-only
connection. (2) Among the three RES considered, Solar Power (Photovoltaic)
is the most efficient and reliable, followed by a Wind Turbine energy source
because it has the highest present cost, then the least recommended method is
Fuel Cells, because of its carbon traces. (3) The efficiency of RES depends on
the location of the resort, solar power is conducive if the site has hot-humid
weather with high solar radiation and wind power- if the location has high
wind speed.

Therefore, based on the results of this study a histo-ecological resort

that is on a medium scale is feasible to utilize a hybrid system, to still obtain
sustainable tourism whilst not sacrificing the costs in construcion. Installing a
hybrid reduces carbon emissions to 65%, and is more economical.

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Self-sustaining Resorts
Sustainable Tourism: Preserving the Golden Goose.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant
Quarterly
Manning and Dougherty connote sustainable development as “the use
of natural resources to support economic activity without compromising the
environment’s carrying capacity, which is its ability to continue producing
those economic goods and services” (1995: 30). Therefore, it is necessary for a
development to utilize the site’s topographic characteristics.
- Longer viability and quality of natural and human resources;
- Reducing friction in the complex interactions between
stakeholders of diverse interests;
- Adhering to host population needs and quality of life;
- Benefiting the future generations;
- Balancing visitor numbers based on preservation guidelines to
maintain of long-term biological and cultural diversity;
- Reassessing role of tourism in host society;
- Maintaining cultural integrity

Community or commodity?
Different viewpoints on mountain resort development, especially the
clash between environmental and business interests, question whether these
areas are seen as communities or commodities. The key distinction lies in the
ethical beliefs of these groups, which both create the problem and offer a
solution as mountain resort communities aim for sustainability. Various ethical
stances, like frontier ethics and sustainability, influence environmental and
economic decisions. The text also defines terms like sustainable development,
growth, community, commodity, carrying capacity, and emphasizes the
importance of the "Three E's": Ethics, Environment, and Economics for
achieving sustainability. Mountain resort communities, due to their historical,
demographic, and physical attributes, are ideal for testing innovative solutions
for growth challenges. They serve as microcosms of broader global
development issues, providing quicker feedback on policy changes. A

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 sustainable development strategy should be adaptable and holistic, aiming to
preserve the unique qualities of the place and its residents, attracting visitors
for generations.

Histo-ecological Resorts
Environmental History, The History of Tourism in the Mountains and the
Construction of New Knowledge: A Study of the Architecture of Winter Sports
Resorts in the French-Italian Alps

Environmental history is a rapidly evolving field, crucial in today's

context of ecological and health concerns. Our contribution focuses on the
Alps, adding to the history of tourism in the region and exploring the potential
of environmental history. We examine recent global environmental history
research, and our research experiment in the French-Italian Alps looks at
winter sports resorts, linking project evolution to natural and historical
contexts. This broader perspective helps us understand how tourism develops
in high-altitude areas over time. Our work urges researchers to move past the
idea of infrastructure emerging on "virgin" lands and to explore the dynamics
of territorial transformation.

15
 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Key Theories and Concept

To advance the project even more, the scholars emphasized the principles of
biophilic design, sustainable design, cultural appropriateness, experiential tourism
considering how they relate to the various business factors influencing the resort.
Presented below are the deliberations and implementations of these concepts:

Biophilic Design

Biophilic design, an approach that incorporates natural elements and processes

into the built environment, has gained significant attention in the fields of
architecture, interior design, and environmental psychology. Researchers have
highlighted the potential of biophilic design to enhance the well-being and
productivity of individuals, while also fostering a deeper connection with the natural
world (Browning et al., 2014).

Studies have emphasized the psychological benefits of biophilic design in

promoting stress reduction and cognitive restoration. Research by Joye and van den
Berg (2013) has underscored the positive impact of exposure to natural elements, such
as greenery and natural light, on individuals' emotional well-being and cognitive
functioning. These findings suggest that incorporating biophilic elements into the
design of indoor spaces can contribute to the creation of environments that support
relaxation, concentration, and emotional stability, thereby enhancing overall occupant
satisfaction and performance.

Key features of biophilic design include the integration of natural elements,

the use of organic shapes and forms, the incorporation of natural light and views of
nature, as well as the use of sustainable materials. This design approach acknowledges
the profound impact that interactions with nature have on human health and happiness
and aims to bring these benefits into indoor spaces, even in urban environments where
access to nature might be limited. By integrating biophilic design principles,

16
architects and designers can create environments that promote stress reduction,
cognitive function, creativity, and overall well-being.

Sustainable Design

Sustainable architecture has become a critical area of focus within the field of
environmental design, emphasizing the integration of eco-friendly principles and
practices into the planning, design, and construction of buildings. A substantial body
of research has highlighted the importance of sustainable architecture in mitigating
environmental impacts, conserving natural resources, and promoting long-term
ecological resilience (Pacheco-Torgal et al., 2013; Steemers, 2014). This approach
prioritizes the use of renewable materials, energy-efficient technologies, and passive
design strategies to create built environments that minimize their carbon footprint and
contribute to a more sustainable built environment.

Sustainable design involves creating structures and environments that

prioritize environmental responsibility, efficiency, and the well-being of occupants,
aiming to minimize negative impacts on the ecosystem while fostering a balance
between human needs and the preservation of nature. Applied to a resort, sustainable
design would encompass utilizing renewable energy sources, implementing water
conservation practices, employing eco-friendly construction materials, and integrating
green spaces to enhance the overall guest experience. By emphasizing sustainability
in resort design, not only does the property reduce its ecological footprint and
contribute to the preservation of the surrounding environment, but it also provides
guests with a unique opportunity to connect with nature while enjoying a luxurious
and environmentally conscious vacation experience.

Cultural Appropriateness

Cultural appropriateness refers to the practice of ensuring that elements,

designs, and activities within a particular context or setting respect and align with the
cultural values, beliefs, and traditions of the community it represents. A significant
body of research has highlighted the importance of cultural appropriateness in
promoting cross-cultural understanding, fostering inclusivity, and ensuring the ethical
representation of marginalized communities (Freire, 1970; Anderson, 2000). Cultural

17
appropriateness involves integrating local cultural elements, traditions, and customs
into the design, services, and activities offered to guests. This can include showcasing
local arts and crafts, offering authentic cuisine, organizing cultural events and
performances, and providing opportunities for guests to engage with the local
community in a respectful and meaningful way. By prioritizing cultural
appropriateness, a resort can foster a sense of cultural appreciation and understanding
among guests while contributing positively to the preservation and promotion of the
local culture and heritage.

Experiential Tourism

Experiential tourism refers to a form of travel that emphasizes authentic,

immersive, and participatory experiences, allowing travelers to engage deeply with
the local culture, traditions, and environment of a destination. Experiential tourism
has garnered significant attention in the tourism industry, emphasizing the importance
of immersive and participatory travel experiences that engage tourists in authentic and
meaningful encounters with local culture, heritage, and natural environments.

Studies by Richards and Wilson (2006) have highlighted the potential of

experiential tourism to facilitate meaningful cultural interactions and promote
intercultural dialogue, thereby fostering mutual respect and appreciation for diverse
cultural perspectives. These findings underscore the significance of experiential
tourism in cultivating cultural empathy and enhancing tourists' cultural awareness and
sensitivity.

According to Hall and Boyd (2005), the signance of experiential tourism in

creating opportunities for community participation and entrepreneurship, thereby
empowering local residents and fostering the sustainable growth of tourism-dependent
economies. Embracing experiential tourism involves offering guests opportunities to
actively participate in the local customs and activities, such as guided cultural tours,
culinary workshops featuring regional cuisine, adventure-based excursions exploring
the natural surroundings, and interactive sessions with local artisans and experts.

By prioritizing authentic and transformative travel experiences that engage

tourists in meaningful interactions with local culture, nature, and communities,

18
destinations can cultivate a more sustainable and responsible tourism sector that not
only enriches the visitor experience but also contributes to the preservation of cultural
heritage and natural resources.

Tourism Development

Tourism development refers to the process of creating, improving, and

diversifying infrastructure, services, and attractions within a specific destination to
attract and accommodate tourists effectively. It involves strategic planning and the
implementation of initiatives to promote the growth of the tourism sector, enhance the
overall visitor experience, and contribute to the economic and social development of
the region. This may include the construction of transportation networks, the
establishment of accommodation facilities, the development of recreational and
cultural attractions, and the implementation of marketing strategies to promote the
destination on a global scale. Research by Gössling et al. (2012) has highlighted the
environmental challenges associated with mass tourism, emphasizing the significance
of adopting eco-friendly policies, resource conservation measures, and sustainable
infrastructure development to minimize the carbon footprint and ecological
degradation of tourist destinations.

Tourism development entails the deliberate planning and execution of

strategies to create a comprehensive and appealing vacation destination. This could
involve the construction of luxurious and environmentally sustainable
accommodations, the incorporation of diverse recreational activities, the preservation
of natural landscapes and cultural heritage, and the implementation of responsible
tourism practices to minimize the negative impact on the environment and local
communities. Emphasizing the importance of respecting local customs, traditions,
and social norms to preserve cultural identity and promote cross-cultural dialogue.

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3.2 Theoretical Framework
Biophilic Design

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework of Biophilic Design

A significant body of research has highlighted the importance of the biophilic

design framework in fostering a deeper connection with nature and promoting
psychological and physiological benefits for building occupants (Kellert et al., 2008;
Browning et al., 2014). This approach emphasizes the strategic incorporation of
nature-inspired design elements, such as natural light, vegetation, and natural textures,
to create environments that support mental restoration, stress reduction, and overall
occupant satisfaction.

The biophilic design framework offers a set of principles and guidelines for
incorporating nature into the design of buildings and spaces. Some key components of
the biophilic design framework include:

● Environmental Features Integration: This involves incorporating

natural elements such as plants, water features, natural light, and
natural materials into the built environment. Strategies might include
the use of living walls, indoor gardens, or the incorporation of natural
materials like wood and stone.
● Natural Shapes and Forms: Integrating organic shapes, curves, and
natural patterns into the design can help create a more harmonious and

20
 soothing environment. This might involve incorporating natural
patterns in flooring, wall designs, or furniture.
● Natural Light and Views: Maximizing access to natural light and
providing views of nature from indoor spaces can have a significant
impact on the well-being and productivity of occupants. Strategies
might include large windows, skylights, and the positioning of work
and living spaces to optimize exposure to natural light and outdoor
views.
● Material Connection to Nature: Using natural materials such as wood,
stone, and natural textiles can help create a stronger connection to the
natural world within the built environment. These materials not only
enhance the aesthetic appeal of the space but also contribute to a sense
of comfort and well-being.
● Spatial Organization and Complexity: Creating spaces that mimic the
complexity and diversity of natural environments can help evoke a
sense of connection to nature. This might involve incorporating diverse
textures, colors, and spatial elements that simulate the experience of
being in a natural setting.
● Cultural and Ecological Connection: Biophilic design also emphasizes
the cultural and ecological context of a place, encouraging the
integration of local and indigenous design elements, as well as
sustainable and environmentally friendly practices that respect and
promote the local ecosystem.

Additionally, research has emphasized the economic implications of the

biophilic design framework in enhancing the marketability and financial performance
of built environments. Studies have highlighted the potential of biophilic design
interventions in increasing property values and rental rates, as well as improving the
overall market appeal of commercial and residential spaces. These findings suggest
that the integration of biophilic design elements can enhance the desirability and
perceived value of built environments, thereby providing a competitive edge for
property developers and building owners.

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3.3 Conceptual Framework

Figure 2. Conceptual Framework of the Study

The conceptual framework highlights a crucial interconnection between the

paradigm of designing an all-inclusive resort rooted in heritage and its corresponding
dependent variables. By prioritizing the preservation of cultural fabric, the resort not
only pays homage to the local traditions and customs but also fosters an authentic and
immersive cultural experience for guests. This emphasis on cultural immersion is
complemented by the cultivation of local hospitality, wherein the resort staff
embodies the values and warmth of the community, creating a welcoming atmosphere
that resonates with the heritage-driven theme. Simultaneously, the integration of
sustainable tourism practices ensures that the resort operates in harmony with the
environment and the community, fostering responsible engagement and minimizing
its ecological footprint. This commitment to sustainability is reinforced by efficient
resource management, which optimizes the use of natural and human resources while
minimizing waste, thereby aligning the resort's operations with its heritage-inspired
ethos and promoting a holistic approach to sustainable, culturally rich, and
responsible tourism.

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3.4 Site Selection
Upon selecting the site, there were 4 key factors considered: accessibility,
availability of resources, topography, and competing establishments. The site selected
is perpendicular to Cavinti-Pagsanjan Road, which is the main road of the
municipality, in the given notion, the resort will be highly accessible and easily
accessed by the users. As follows, the site is located between two significant
destinations the main town and Cavinti Falls- both of which can be traveled in less
than half an hour. Therefore, other users’ necessities that are beyond the services
offered by the all-inclusive resort will remain convenient to access.

Furthermore, Laguna is characterized by flat and rugged terrain, and its slope
ranges from level to steep slope. Thus, the site has a minimal slope towards the main
road and is located on a mountain, which poses a challenge in the design. However,
the slope is highly favorable, it will enable the resort to design on a natural terrain
imprinting nature to its primary form.

3.5 Sources of Data

Secondary
The researchers have relied on using secondary sources as a primary way of
gathering information and ideas that could help in establishing and forming their own
study. Secondary sources of data are data and information gathered by a second party
and not by the researchers themselves. They are still as reliable as those from a
primary source, as it is still taken from trustworthy sources.

Institutional Data

With advanced access to technology, data provided by government

institutions are convenient to the public. The researchers used this type of data
in order to gather information about the site, its Macro and Micro site
analyses, and other necessary data such as the population of the users and
topography.

23
 Relevant pieces of information about the design guidelines are sourced
from legislative provisions, they determine the technicalities of planning.

Scholarly Data and Published Research

The researchers are creating a Self-sustainable Histo-Ecological resort

which is not by far a common type of establishment in the Philippines. There
are no definite guidelines accessible that are given by the government in
creating these types of establishments. So in order to move forward with the
study, the researchers sought out other studies that have a similar concept or at
the very least have relevance to the study in order to create their own
guidelines. These are peer-reviewed published papers that could give guidance
to the researchers.

Online Article and Reports

Online articles and reports can also provide useful information and
data that isn’t available on institutional gathered data and published research.
There are bits of information that aren’t collected by institutions due to low
importance or lack of better resources in order to gather the whole load of data
and information. In these types of situations online articles published and
reports published by ordinary people can provide a lot of support. The
researchers have used these online articles in order to find the mode of
transportation used throughout the site, etc.

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 Chapter IV

RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS, AND INTERPRETATIONS OF DATA

4.1 Legal Basis for Design

National Regulations
Character of Site According to Building Occupancy Type

According to the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the National

Building Code of the Philippines, also known as the PD 1096 (2005), Group H
Occupancies are recreational, tourism estate developments or tourism-oriented
establishments. Group H Occupancies are any assembly having an occupant load less
than 1000 and shall include:

● Division 1 - Any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of less
than 1000 in the building.
● Division 2 - Any assembly building without stage and having an occupant load
of 300 or more in the building.
● Division 3 - Any assembly building without a stage and having an occupant
load of less than 300 in the building.
● Division 4 - Stadia, reviewing stands, amusement park structures not included
within Group I or in Division 1, 2, and 3 of this Group.

The accessory use for this occupancy involves typical support facilities for
sectors including housing, community, utilities, and services, as well as conditional
use as a building with less damaging environmental impact.

The proposed all inclusive resort in Pagsanjan - Cavinti Rd, Pagsanjan,

Laguna (near the boundary of Pagsanjan and Tibatib) falls under the said category,
which is Group H - Division H-4 occupancy.

Use of Site According to Zoning Classification

The zoning classification of the site of the proposed mixed-use resort falls
under PRE (Parks Structures, Recreation, and Entertainment). This is a variety of
leisure occupancies, mostly low- to medium-rise structures for low- to

25
medium-intensity recreational or entertainment functions related to educational uses,
e.g., structures on campuses or its component parks/open spaces and all other kinds of
recreational or assembly buildings/structures on campus such as auditoria, mess halls,
seminar facilities, gymnasia, stadia, arenas and the like.

The Philippine Green Building Code 119

The Green Building Code of the Philippines (GBC) is a set of guidelines and
standards aimed at promoting sustainable and eco-friendly construction practices in
the country. While it primarily focuses on encouraging the use of green building
designs and technologies, its applicability to a proposed all-inclusive resort can be
significant, especially considering the environmental impact of such establishments.
The regulation, put into effect in 2015, mandates the integration of sustainable design
principles, including energy efficiency, water conservation, use of renewable
materials, and waste management. By integrating these sustainable practices into the
development and operation of the all-inclusive resort, the project can demonstrate a
commitment to environmental conservation, appeal to environmentally conscious
guests, and contribute positively to the sustainable development of the local tourism
industry.

In the development of the proposed all inclusive resort architects and

developers must comply with the Green Building Code and consider energy
efficiency, water conservation, effective waste management and recycling systems,
utilization of renewable energy sources and selection of materials with sustainability
in consideration, with a focus on local sourcing to reduce carbon footprints.

Batas Pambansang Bilang 344 (B.P. 344)

The Law to Enhance Mobility of Disabled Persons of the Philippines, also

known as Batas Pambansa Bilang 344, is a legislation that aims to promote inclusivity
and accessibility for people with disabilities. Specifically, it is known as the
Accessibility Law, which ensures the provision of facilities and structures for persons
with disabilities (PWDs) in buildings, transportation, and facilities. It mandates the
incorporation of features that allow access and convenience for individuals with
disabilities, enabling them to move freely and safely in various environments.

26
 Adherence to Batas Pambansang Bilang 344 would necessitate the integration
of accessible facilities and accommodations for guests with disabilities. This could
include the installation of ramps, accessible bathrooms, elevators with Braille
markings, and other necessary provisions to ensure that the resort is inclusive and
welcoming for all individuals, irrespective of their physical abilities. Compliance with
this law not only ensures legal requirements are met but also promotes inclusivity and
enhances the overall experience for all guests, including those with disabilities.

Tourism Act of 2009

The Tourism Act of 2009 seeks to accelerate the development of tourism in

the country, encourage private sector participation, and foster sustainable tourism
through various initiatives, including infrastructure development, product
improvement, and destination marketing. The act also established the policy
framework for the implementation of programs that enhance the competitiveness and
sustainability of the Philippine tourism industry.

Aligning the resort's development plans and operations with the objectives
outlined in the act, such as contributing to the growth of the tourism industry,
promoting sustainable practices, and improving the overall tourism experience.
Additionally, compliance with the act may involve participating in government
programs that support tourism development, ensuring the resort's contribution to the
local economy, and enhancing the overall competitiveness of the Philippine tourism
sector.

Local Regulations
Republic Act No. 4850

Republic Act No. 4850 was enacted to address the sustainable development
and management of the Laguna Lake and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. The
act grants the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) specific powers and
functions to ensure the conservation, utilization, and development of the lake's
resources. It also outlines the authority's role in regulating activities and promoting
environmental sustainability within the lake's vicinity.

27
 Compliance with Republic Act No. 4850 would involve ensuring that the
resort's construction and operations align with the guidelines and regulations set forth
by the Laguna Lake Development Authority. This includes obtaining necessary
permits, adhering to environmental standards, and implementing sustainable practices
to minimize the resort's impact on the Laguna Lake ecosystem. Additionally,
collaborating with the LLDA to support conservation efforts and participating in
initiatives that contribute to the lake's sustainable development would demonstrate the
resort's commitment to environmental stewardship and responsible tourism.

4.2 Site Profile

Site Requirements
Gross Floor Area Based on Lot Type (Corner Lot)

The project lot has a Total Lot Area (TLA) of 37,000 sq.m.

Gross Floor Area

37000 sq.m x 3.5 = 129,500 sq.m

In accordance with the Implementing Rules and Regulations of PD

1096 (2005) under the Guidelines on Building Bulk, developments zoned as
cultural have 3.5 Floor-Lot Area Ratio Designation/Rights.

Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF)

37,000 sq.m x 60% (Maximum Allowable PSO) = 22,200 sq. m

Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA)

30 (BHL) x 22,000 sq.m (AMBF) = 666,000 sq.m

Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO)

222,000 sq.m / 37,000 sq.m = 60% of TLA ≈ 22,200 sq.m

Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Area (ISA)

20% of TLA = 22,200 sq.m

28
 According to the provision from Section 803 under Rule VIII Light
and Ventilation, cultural buildings are allowed to have a maximum of 20% of

Minimum Unpaved Surface Area (USA)

20% of TLA = 22,200 sq.m.

Total Open Space Within Lot (TOSL)

20% + 20% = 40% of TLA ≈ 14,800 sq.m

Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA)

60% + 20% = 80% of TLA ≈ 29,600 sq.m

The computations above are relevant to the planning of the proposed

Histo-Ecological Resort, it determines the maximum development potential of
the project. Furthermore, they ensure the project’s compliance to the
limitations in built environment- securing the open spaces and conserving the
building principles.

*illustration

Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy

In compliance to PD 1096 provisions regarding building height limit,

the proposed histo-ecological resort as cultural development will have 30.00 m
vertical constraints.

Parking Slot, Parking Area, and Loading/ Unloading Space Requirements

● In adherence with PD 1096, the development shall have at least one (1)
parking slot and loading space for every 100.00 sq.m of gross floor
area

129,500 sq.m (GFA) / 100 sq.m = 1295 total parking slot

● Range of Required Sidewalk Widths

29
 ○ The project lot is an inside lot perpendicular to a 20.00-meter
Right Road of Way. According to the provisions of PD 1096
regarding required sidewalk widths, the project shall have ⅙ to
⅓ of RROW as the width.
○ In addition to this, the project shall comply with the minimum
width of the planting strip for shrubs and trees which is .60 m
or .30 on each side of the 20.00 Right Road of Way.
● Open Space Requirements by Occupancy Type and Lot Type/Location
○ The proposed histo-ecological resort shall have a Minimum of
40% of the Total Lot Area for the Total Open Space within the
Lot (TOSL)
● Setback
○ The setback provisions from PD 1096 suggest that a
commercial/cultural zoned lot shall have a 5.00-meter front
setback and 3.00 for sides and rear.

Micro Site Analysis

The site is located in Pinagsanjan a barangay located in the municipality of
Pagsanjan.

Site Inventory

Community

The site is located in Pinagsanjan a barangay located in the

municipality of Pagsanjan. The population of the barangay is determined to be
5,134, 11.58% of the 44,327 of the total population of Pagsanjan, Laguna
according to the 2020 Census.

According to the 2015 Census, the population can be broken

down into 1,184 households or an average of 4.34 members per household

Transportation

There are no nearby transportation stations near the site. It can only be
accessed by taking a tricycle from the bayan. Pinagsanjan is enclosed by

30
adjacent barangays Maulawin, Calusiche, Lambac, Anglas, and Tibatib, the
site can be accessed by either walking or hailing a Tricycle. For places farther
away from adjacent barangay you can visit Pinagsanjan by riding the
following Jeepneys and its routes:

-Sta. Crus-Pagsanjan

-Lucban-Pagsanjan

-Paete-Pagsanjan

-Magdalena-Pagsanjan

Tourists coming outside the province and are from the NCR can ride
buses going to Pagsanjan, and then ride a jeepney or a tricycle.

Roads

The Municipality of Pagsanjan is accessible via the National Highway.

It starts from the Manila South Road spanning from Calamba up to Pagsanjan.
It connects The western part of Laguna to its eastern side. Pagsanjan - Caviniti
Road branches the National Highway to cennect Pagsanjan to Caviniti. This
passes through barangay Pinagsanjan and other barangays of the Municipality.

Drainage and Sewage

There are no drainage or sewage systems spanning the length of the

area of the chosen site as there are no nearby establishments for miles.

Solid Waste Disposal

It is the same problem with solid waste disposal. There is no central

sewage system that connects to a waste treatment facility. The province uses
septic tanks to store its sewage water and relies on manual cleaning services.

Water Supply

While the site is adjacent to the Pagsanjan River there are no nearby
sources of clean water near the site. A line connecting the site to a clean water

31
 supply still must be constructed. Laguna Water is the main supplier of clean
and usable tap water across the whole province of Laguna.

SWOT Analysis
Strength

The site is adjacent to the Pagsanjan River otherwise known as the

Pagsanjan-Lumban River. It branches down to multiple gorges and falls that
serve as famous tourist spots for people to unwind and experience nature. It is
also near different water and trailing activities.

Weakness

Being near different tourist spots and activities may be considered as

its strength, but it can also be its weakness. The nearer you get to the
Pagsanjan Falls the farthest it is to the town proper. Commercial
establishments become scarce at this point which creates an inconvenience to
future guests and tourists.

Opportunities

The site possesses multiple opportunities as it is near tourist sites.

Combined with the concept of sustainability it has the potential to boost local
agriculture through the resort’s farming facilities. It is also adjacent to the
Pagsanjan River allowing for the harvesting of hydropower that can open the
municipality to economic and labor opportunities. The site doesn't have
neighboring establishments around or near the site as of date therefore
providing opportunities in case the owners opt to expand the resort facilities.

Threats

The site is located in the middle of a forest. Building an establishment

catered towards tourism might disturb or pose harm or threat to the different
wildlife and plants native to the forest.

Macro Site Analysis

Climate and Geographical Condition

32
 Temperature and Precipitation

Pagsanjan has a tropical climate along with the rest of the

Philippines. The municipality has a recorded yearly average
temperature of 25.0 C| 77.0 F. The highest temperature hits the
municipality during May and the coldest is during January.

In terms of rainfall, Pagsanjan has an approximate annual

precipitation of 2584mm |101.7 inches. July has the highest recorded
precipitation in the municipality averaging 393 mm| 15.5 Inch per year.
While April experiences the least amount of rainfall with an annual
average of a mere 71mm | 2.8 inches.

Solar Orientation and Prevailing Winds

The sun and the moon alternately rise from the east and set in
the west. Pagsanjan receives the most sunshine during the month of
May. Having an average of 7.63 hours of sunshine daily and a total
average of 236.66 hours of sunshine whole across the year. January has
the least amount of sunshine with an average of 4.4 hours of sunshine
per day. That leaves it with only a total of 13.42 hours in a year.

Pagsanjan on average experiences a wind gust of 9.6 Kmph

yearly. The municipality experienced a maximum wind gusts during
the month of January with 34.6 Kmph due to the Northeast monsoon
that came from the Siberian region.

Current Site Condition

Topography

The municipal center of Pagsanjan is situated at approximately

14D 16' North, 121D 27' East, on the island of Luzon. It is estimated
that the elevation at these coordinates is 12.1 meters or 39.7 feet above
mean sea level. The entirety of the municipality has a relatively flat to

33
 moderately sloping to rolling topography starting from the lakeshore
towards the mountains.

Vegetation

The majority of the land in Pagsanjan, Laguna is part of the

Pagsanjan-Lumban Watershed. The watershed acts as a drainage that
directs rain and flood water to different creeks and streams and to the
Pagsanjan River. The Pagsanjan-Lumban watershed has a relatively
high drainage density value due to impermeable subsurface material
being present in the soil and the land having thinly distributed
vegetation and high relief.

The land cover from Cavinti, Laguna stretches to Pagsanjan.

They share the same dominant perennial crops of Lansium domesticum
and Cocos Nucifera.

Bodies of Water

Pagsanjan is home to the Pagsanjan River that juts out into

different falls namely the Hulugan Falls, Magdapio Falls, and the
Pagsanjan Falls. It flows through the towns of Lumban, Pagsanjan, and
Cavinti. Pagsanjan River is one of the 21 major tributaries of Laguna
Bay and is responsible for distributing rainwater and stormwater that
makes up 35% of the lake. It drains from the top of Mount Banahaw
and flows down gorges and waterfalls.

4.3 User Analysis

Pagsanjan is a municipality of Laguna with a land mass of 27.40 sq.
km that constitutes 1.42% of the province. Its population as of the 2020
Census was 44,327- that is 1.31% of Laguna's total population. The site is
located in Pinagsanjan which is a barangay in the municipality and it consists
of 5,134 inhabitants. The median age in their population is 26 years old - thus
the majority of the inhabitants in Pagsanjan are near to 26. It is determined

34
that 40% of Pinagsanjan's inhabitants are students, while another 40% of the
working groups and the rest 20% of the population are toddlers and seniors.

There are lots of recreational, commercial and historical establishments

in the vicinity, hence, they also cater to tourists and/or visitors from different
regions. The values are indeterminate, however, given the recognition of these
establishments and destinations, 50% of the visitors are tourists; 40% are
employees of the establishments and the remaining 10% are vacationers.

User Activities

Pagsanjan is the center of tourism in Laguna, it is also geographically

at the center of the province. Its advantageous location attracted lots of
business to be established, and that led the municipality to offer various
activities. The activities varied from water sports, restaurant hopping to
visiting heritage sites and eco parks.

35
4.4 Design Programming

In line with the initial findings, the researchers propose a resort to this
configuration. The spaces are zoned in accordance with their function, user access,
and the proposed green efforts. Bubbles reflected in gray are the service area/back of
the house, holding spaces like the parking area, main kitchen, laundry and linen area,
electrical facilities, and the hydropower system. The bubbles reflected in yellow are
the reception area: reception which is intended to cater to common users, it is located
to which they can be accessed privately and publicly. Adjacent to the reception area
are the privately accessible spaces, located on the right side of the lot are the villas,
and other recreational facilities. Lastly, the green body features of the resort, are near
the creek and proposed hydropower source, composed of the farming facility and
pocket eco-park.

36
 Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion
After analyzing various studies and articles the researchers can agree that
without proper planning and management a resort cannot simply be “Self-sufficient”.
As much as a site can be perfect, it can only slightly help in the overall production and
management of a Self-sustainable resort. It is with the combination of difficulties and
challenges with labor, budget, promotions, resources, and management that a
Self-sustainable resort can hardly be feasible. But with further reading through
materials, a self-sustaining histo-ecological resort can still be successfully run by
creating a well organized detailed development design that prioritizes creating a well
balanced environment that benefits its workers, visitors, stakeholders, and
environment alike.

A sustainable and culture-patterned resort isn’t just a destination surrounded

by nature and green facilities. Demonstrated in this paper that there are various factors
on-site to be considered for a resort to be recognized as sustainable and eco-centric.
Hence, an all-inclusive histo-ecological resort shall embody the 4 pillars established
in this paper. Firstly, it is necessary for a resort to reflect its’ locale, thus, showcasing
the people and their heritage in resort planning. The inclusion of the community in the
resort brings economic growth in labor and, moreover, the uniqueness of the resort
through the local hospitality. In relevance, it is in the region that the resorts can
procure their needs in nourishment, energy, and food in reduced food miles. With the
growing demand in the supply of these necessities, it is crucial for an all-inclusive
resort to secure the resources, hand-in-hand with the locality. It is economically right
to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and non-renewable resources, thus resorts shall
establish renewable resources to their design principles. Such measures determine the
conservation of natural resources and traces of carbon footprint which every resort
shall practice.

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 With the help of prior studies, the researchers then learned that the facilities
and activities within an all-inclusive histo-ecological resort shall adhere to the
framework coined in this study. In conclusion, it’s more sustainable for a resort to
implement hybrid production of resources than to completely rely on self-sustenance,
which future projects in similar fields must consider.

5.2 Recommendation
Encountered during the study were several limitations and restrictions,
primarily in the realm of data collection. Upon a meticulous scrutiny of the compiled
data, the following recommendations were formulated to better equip future
researchers undertaking a similar study:

● Due to limitations in both budget and time, the researchers couldn't carry out
an on-site visit to Pagsanjan, Laguna. Acquiring firsthand information about
the site for analysis proves instrumental in securing primary data sources.
Hence, future researchers should prioritize visiting the site when faced with a
comparable situation, factoring in its proximity as a crucial consideration.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A- Map showing the Site of the proposed resort in Brgy.

Pinagsanjan, Pagsanjan Laguna

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APPENDIX B- Actual Photos of the Site

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 APPENDIX CURRICULUM VITAE

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