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Assignment 3

The document discusses the history and development of early computer networks including ARPANET, which is considered a precursor to the modern internet. It also describes the OSI model and key terms related to it such as frames, packets, and segments. Finally, it provides an overview of packet switching, the fundamental data transmission method used in modern computer networks and the internet.

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markjovenbueno
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9 views

Assignment 3

The document discusses the history and development of early computer networks including ARPANET, which is considered a precursor to the modern internet. It also describes the OSI model and key terms related to it such as frames, packets, and segments. Finally, it provides an overview of packet switching, the fundamental data transmission method used in modern computer networks and the internet.

Uploaded by

markjovenbueno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bueno, Mark Joven S.

Computer Networking Design


DCET 3-1

1. Arpanet:

The ARPANET, short for the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, was one of the
earliest packet-switching networks and is often considered the precursor to the modern
internet. It was developed by the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) in the late 1960s and early 1970s. ARPANET was a pioneering network
that interconnected several universities and research institutions, allowing them to share
resources and communicate electronically. It played a crucial role in the development of the
internet's underlying technology and protocols, including TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol).

2. OSI Model:

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to


understand and standardize the functions of a telecommunication or network system. It consists
of seven layers, each with its own specific functions. Here's how the terms you mentioned
relate to the OSI model:

- Frames: Frames are the data units at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. They
are responsible for the transmission of data over a physical medium, such as a network cable.
Frames typically contain information such as MAC addresses for source and destination, error-
checking information, and the actual data payload.

- Packets: Packets are the data units at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. They
are responsible for routing data across networks. Packets include information like source and
destination IP addresses, as well as the data payload. Packets are used in network
communication to send data from one network node to another.

- Segments: Segments are the data units at the Transport Layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model.
The Transport Layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and data segmentation.
Segmentation involves breaking down larger data streams into smaller segments for efficient
transmission and reassembling them at the receiving end. Segments contain information such
as source and destination port numbers, sequence numbers, and data from the upper layers
(e.g., the application layer).
3. Packet Switching:

Packet switching is a fundamental data transmission method used in computer networks,


including the internet. It involves breaking data into smaller packets for transmission. These
packets are individually routed through the network and can take different paths to reach their
destination. Packet switching offers several advantages, including efficient use of network
resources, robustness, and the ability to handle various types of data.

In a packet-switched network, data is divided into packets, which are then sent independently
through the network. This is in contrast to circuit-switching, where a dedicated communication
path is established for the entire duration of a call. Packet switching enables better utilization of
network capacity and is highly adaptable, making it the foundation of modern data
communication systems like the internet. Each packet typically contains a portion of the data,
addressing information, and error-checking information, allowing for reliable and efficient data
transmission.

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