LRE077ENG - Curriculum Training Suspension Systems - Air Suspension Systems

Curriculum Training
Suspension Systems
Air Suspension Systems
Technical Training LRE 077_1 en 05/2005

L 480
To the best of our knowledge, the illustrations, technical information, data and descriptions in this issue were correct at the time
of going to print. The right to change prices, specifications, equipment and maintenance instructions at any time without notice
is reserved as part of our policy of continuous development and improvement for the benefit of our customers.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a data processing system or transmitted in any form, electronic,
mechanical, photocopy, recording, translation or by any other means without prior permission of Premier Automotive Group.
No liability can be accepted for any inaccuracies in this publication, although every possible care has been taken to make it as
complete and accurate as possible.
Copyright ©2005
Preface
Publication Notes:
Please remember that our training literature has been prepared for TRAINING PURPOSES only. Repairs and
adjustments MUST always be carried out according to the instructions and specifications in the workshop literature.
Please make full use of the training offered by Technical Training to gain extensive knowledge of both theory
and practice.
Technical Training (G538468) 1

Table of Contents
PAGE
Preface.............................................................................................................................. 1
At a glance....................................................................................................................... 7
Air Suspension Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Land Rover Systems............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Lesson 1 – General Information
Objectives.................................................................................................................................................... 9
Range Rover (LP)....................................................................................................................................... 10
System Description................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................................... 12
Discovery Series II...................................................................................................................................... 14
Discovery 3 / LR3........................................................................................................................................ 16
2006MY Range Rover (LM) ..................................................................................................................... 18
2 Technical Training
Table of Contents
Lesson 2 – Component Description
Objectives.................................................................................................................................................... 21
Range Rover (LP)....................................................................................................................................... 22
Components Review............................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Component Location.............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................................... 33
Components Review............................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Discovery II................................................................................................................................................. 53
Component Review................................................................................................................................................................................ 54
Discovery 3 / LR3........................................................................................................................................ 67
Component Review................................................................................................................................................................................ 68
2006MY Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................... 89
Technical Training 3
Table of Contents
Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation
Objectives.................................................................................................................................................... 115
Range Rover (LP)....................................................................................................................................... 116
System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 116
Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................................... 124
System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 125
System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 139
Discovery 3 / LR3........................................................................................................................................ 144
System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 144
2006MY Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................... 154
System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 154
Lesson 4 – Diagnostics
Objectives.................................................................................................................................................... 167
Range Rover (LP)....................................................................................................................................... 168
System Checks....................................................................................................................................................................................... 168
Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................................... 171
System Checks....................................................................................................................................................................................... 171
Discovery 3 / LR3........................................................................................................................................ 183
2006MY Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................... 191
System Checks....................................................................................................................................................................................... 191
4 Technical Training
Table of Contents
Lesson 5 – Service Procedures
Objectives.................................................................................................................................................... 199
Service Information.................................................................................................................................... 200
Service Bulletins.................................................................................................................................................................................... 201
Height Setting Tools............................................................................................................................................................................... 203
Technical Training 5
Safety and Precautions
Workshop safety Chemicals, Oils and Solvents
This page highlights the general observations expected Follow all manufacturer's warnings and labels, also take
whilst attending this training programme, and its into account local disposal regulations when working
continuation upon returning to your place of work. with chemicals, oils or solvents.
Ensure that all risks are completely minimised.

General Make sure that all protective items of clothing are worn
where required e.g.
Whilst working on all vehicles, the following items
where available should always be used: • Eye protection
• Wing covers • Gloves
• Seat covers • Overalls
• Floor protection • Footwear
Optional items:
• Steering wheel cover System capping
• Park brake lever cover Upon disconnecting components from a system, take
• Door grab handle protection all precautions necessary to prevent system
contamination or environmental leakage.
Safety Fit relevant plugs or caps i.e. to pipes, unions and
component orifices etc.
All precautions must be taken and observed at all times,
to prevent injury or damage to the following:
Updates
• Yourself
• Customer's property Keep abreast of all relevant changes that effect your
• Workshop equipment role within the dealership, by monitoring all factory
issued documentation.
• Work place colleagues
Operating guidelines Driving
Operating vehicle features, such as ICE, mobile phones

Whilst using any piece of workshop equipment:
and CD player equipment etc., can cause a momentary
The manufacturer's guidelines and warning labels must distraction whilst driving.
be followed.
Follow all road traffic regulations as written in the
This will ensure correct use and application at all times. Highway Code, when operating vehicle systems or using
Seek the necessary advice or training where equipment diagnostic equipment whilst on the move.
usage is unclear. Mobile diagnostic equipment operation, may require
the use of an assistant.
6
Introduction At a glance
Air Suspension Introduction Land Rover Systems
The first patents for air springs came about in the early Air springs were introduced as an option on a Land
1900's to reduce the amount of road shock and vibration Rover product in 1992 for the top models of the 'Classic'
transmitted into the vehicle. Range Rover.
Air springs were initially leather diaphragms used as By 1994 it had become a standard feature on all Range
buggy springs. Rovers models.
Convoluted air springs were developed and patented in In 1998, rear air suspension was seen for the first time
the 1930's. as an option on Discovery Series II with the introduction
of the Self Leveling Suspension (SLS) system.
Development of the first air springs were always
intended for used in automotive suspension applications. Discovery 3 / LR3 was upgraded to full four corner air
suspension system for higher specification vehicles at
The first major success for the air spring application
2005MY.
was as a transit bus spring.
Range Rover Sport with four corner air suspension was
A small industrial market began to grow in the early
introduced using a modified carry over version of the
1940's.
Discovery 3 / LR3 air suspension system at 2005.5MY.
By the mid 1950's, air springs were finally being used
Range Rover also received a slightly modified version
in an automotive suspension system as intended.
of the Discovery 3 / LR3 air suspension system at
Later in that same decade, the truck and trailer segment 2006MY.
began to grow.
Today, air springs are to be found on a large proportion

of off-road luxury vehicles, plus many other premium
brands.
Air suspension systems use air springs instead of

conventional steel springs.
The air spring system has computer operated vents on

the air spring with suspension sensors and an on-board
air compressor.
This allows the system to maintain vehicle ride height

and vary the suspension characteristics according to the
driving environment.
Air filled rubber or elastomer air bags are pressurized

to provide vehicle support to the suspension.

Notes
Lesson 1 – General Information Objectives
On completing this lesson, you will be able to:

• Describe the features and benefits of air suspension.
• Explain the different air suspension modes of operation.

Range Rover (LP) Lesson 1 – General Information
RANGE ROVER (LP)
System Description
Range Rover (LP)
All Range Rover (LP) derivatives feature a four corner electronic air suspension system.
Electronic Air Suspension (EAS) Benefits
Air suspension systems provide a near constant ride

The Range Rover (LP) Electronic Air Suspension (EAS)
frequency under all load conditions.
system is already well established.
This results in:
However, progressive development since introduction
has resulted in added features to improve control and • Improved ride quality
operation of the system. • Consistency in ride quality
Air springs provide a soft and comfortable feel to the • Constant ride height
ride and handling of the vehicle. • Improved headlamp leveling
The use of a microprocessor to control the system
exploits the advantages of air suspension even further.
10 (G538469) Technical Training

Lesson 1 – General Information Range Rover (LP)
Height Settings With an air suspension system the systems ECU detects
any body lean and automatically compensates.
The system provides five ride height settings, plus self
The vehicle will self level to the lowest corner height
leveling. Each setting is automatically maintained at the
for 20 seconds each time the driver exits the vehicle and
correct height by the system with minimum driver
closes all the doors.
involvement.
The system checks the vehicle height every six hours
Vehicle height is sensed by four rotary potentiometer
and makes minor corrections, not exceeding 8 mm.
type sensors. Height information from each sensor
signals the ECU to adjust each air spring by switching WARNINGS:
the solenoid valves to increase or decrease air.
Before commencing work which requires access
The five different height settings are as follows: to the underside or wheel arches of the vehicle,
• Extended ride height the suspension must be allowed to re-level.
• High profile Re-leveling is achieved by opening and closing
• Standard ride height any of the doors, while all other doors and
• Low profile tailgate remain closed with the ignition off.
• Access/Crawl mode The Electronic Air Suspension (EAS) must be

set in 'High Lock' mode using the T4 diagnostic
equipment during any work that does not
Ride Heights
require chassis to axle displacement.
All the height settings apart from standard height deviate This will hold the suspension in the extended
either up or down from the standard height setting. profile height position until reset by the T4
• Extended = 70 mm above standard ride height diagnostic equipment. This renders the vehicle
(setting is not driver selectable) safe to work on by preventing system inputs,
• High is 40 mm above standard ride height e.g. pressing the height control switch.
• Standard ride height is designated as zero (0 mm), CAUTION: The underside of the vehicle must
this is the datum point used for all height reference. be kept clear of obstacles whilst the vehicle is
• Low is 25 mm below standard ride height (automatic parked, as self leveling may result in reduced
and not driver selectable) vehicle trim height.
• Access is 65 mm below standard ride height If the vehicle is parked on uneven ground or with a
• Crawl mode is access ride height available up to 20 wheel or wheels on the kerb, the system will lower the
mph (32 km/h) vehicle to the lowest spring height.
When unloading through the tailgate, the system will

Self Leveling Description self level to compensate for the decreased load after
tailgate closure.
On a coil sprung suspension vehicle the effect of adding
weight results in the vehicle leaning.
The lean can either be front to rear or side to side unless

the weight is evenly spread.

Range Rover (LM) Lesson 1 – General Information
RANGE ROVER (LM)
System Description
Range Rover (LM)
All Range Rover (LM) derivatives feature a four corner electronic air suspension system.
Air Suspension Description System Height Settings
The system provides four ride height settings:

The main function of the four corner air suspension
system is to maintain the vehicle at the correct ride • Standard (used during most driving conditions)
height, irrespective of vehicle load. • Off-Road (highest of the four settings, and raises the
Additionally, the system allows the driver to request front of the vehicle 60 mm and the rear 50 mm)
ride height changes to improve the off-road performance • Motorway (lowers the vehicle by 20 mm to improve
or ease of access or loading. high speed handling)
The system automatically adjusts ride height settings to • Access (lowers the vehicle by 40 mm when
improve vehicle handling and dynamics when road stationary or moving at very low speeds in order to
speed increases or decreases. improve access to the vehicle)

Lesson 1 – General Information Range Rover (LM)
System Inhibits
The system will temporarily inhibit height adjustments

when the vehicle is subject to cornering, heavy
acceleration or heavy braking.
The inhibit function prevents unsettling of the vehicle

by reducing the effective spring rates.
Height changes are also inhibited for safety reasons,

when a door is opened and the vehicle is stationary for
example.
Air Suspension ECU
The air suspension system fitted to Range Rover is

controlled by an ECU located behind the passenger side
of the fascia.
The ECU monitors the height of each corner of the

vehicle by four height sensors, which are mounted
in-board of each road wheel.
On-board diagnostics perform health checks on the air

suspension system.
If faults are detected, codes are stored in the ECU and

can be retrieved using the T4 diagnostic equipment (not
the hand held unit).

Discovery Series II Lesson 1 – General Information
DISCOVERY SERIES II
System Description
Discovery Series II
Self Leveling Suspension (SLS)

Vehicle Ride Heights
An optional feature for Discovery Series II is Self
Leveling Suspension system (SLS). Standard Ride Height Mode:
This incorporates air springs for the rear axle with • Used during most driving condition
conventional springs fitted to the front of the vehicle. Off-Road Ride Height Mode:
Operates under control of the Self Leveling / Anti Lock • Provides the vehicle with additional height when
Brakes (SLABS) ECU. traveling off-road
System used during most driving conditions and also Extended Ride Height Mode:
provides the vehicle with additional height when • Operates under direct control of the SLABS ECU
traveling off-road.
• It is not a driver selectable mode
Additional height is not driver selectable and will • Operates when a grounded chassis is sensed
operate when a grounded chassis is sensed.

Lesson 1 – General Information Discovery Series II
Transportation Mode:
• To be used whenever the vehicle is lashed down by
its chassis frame for transportation purposes

Discovery 3 / LR3 Lesson 1 – General Information
DISCOVERY 3 / LR3
System Description
Discovery 3 / LR3
System Description • Air suspension control module (Siemens)

• Air supply unit (Tokico)
The dynamic suspension system is a four corner air
• Four height sensors (AB electronics)
suspension system which is fitted to higher specification
vehicles in place of the conventional damper and coil • Three valve block assemblies (Webber)
spring suspension used on non-air suspension models. • Reservoir (NCJ)
The dynamic suspension system is electronically • Air harness

controlled by an air suspension control module which • Four suspension air spring damper modules
controls the air supply unit, reacting to inputs from four (Firestone)
height sensors and distributes air around the system via
valve blocks. Height Control
System Components The four corner air suspension system maintains the
vehicle height under all operating conditions by
The main air suspension system components are: controlling the mass of air in the air springs.

Lesson 1 – General Information Discovery 3 / LR3
The air suspension control module uses signals from

the four height sensors to maintain the correct
suspension height.
This is achieved by operating pneumatic control valves

to increase or decrease the mass of air in the air spring
damper modules.
The air suspension system has three driver selectable,

pre-determined ride heights.
A driver interface indicates the selected ride height and

direction of movement.
Additional information is also relayed to the driver via

the instrument cluster message center (where fitted) and
by audible warnings also transmitted by the instrument
cluster.
Height changes can only be made when the engine is

running and the driver and passenger doors are closed.
Access height can be selected with the engine not

running, within 40 seconds of moving the ignition
switch to the off position provided the driver's door has
not been opened in this time.
The air suspension can be controlled manually by the

driver using a switch on the center console to select the
required height change.

2006MY Range Rover (LM) Lesson 1 – General Information
2006MY Range Rover (LM)
System Description
Range Rover (LM)
The air suspension system is a four corner air suspension • Three valve block assemblies
system which is fitted to all Range Rover 2006MY • Reservoir
variants. • Air harness
The system is electronically controlled by an air • Two front struts incorporating air spring damper
suspension control module which controls the air supply modules
unit, reacts to inputs from four height sensors and • Two rear air spring damper modules.
distributes air around the system via valve blocks.
Height Control
System Components
The four corner air suspension system maintains the
The main air suspension system components are: vehicle height under all operating conditions by
• Air suspension control module controlling the mass of air in the air springs.
• Air supply unit
• Four height sensors

Lesson 1 – General Information 2006MY Range Rover (LM)
The air suspension control module uses signals from Control Module
the four height sensors to maintain the correct
suspension height, irrespective of vehicle load. The air suspension system fitted to Range Rover is
controlled by the air suspension control module which
Additionally, the system allows the driver to request
is located adjacent to the passenger compartment
ride height changes to improve off-road performance
fusebox, behind the instrument panel.
or ease access or loading.
The control module is housed in a plastic bracket
The system automatically adjusts the ride height to
attached to the 'A' pillar.
improve the vehicle handling and dynamics when speed
increases or decreases. The control module monitors the height of each corner
of the vehicle via four height sensors, which are
This is achieved by operating pneumatic control valves
mounted in-board of each road wheel.
to increase or decrease the mass of air in the air springs.
The control module also performs an 'on-board
The air suspension system has three driver selectable,
diagnostic' function to perform 'health checks' on the
pre-determined ride heights and an automated high speed
system. If faults are detected, codes are stored in the
ride height.
control module and can be retrieved using T4.
A driver interface indicates the selected ride height and
height change movement. Additional information is also
Tolerance Control Bands
relayed to the driver via the instrument cluster message
center and by audible warnings also transmitted by the The air suspension control module has two ride height
instrument cluster. tolerance control bands:
Most height changes can only be made when the engine Tolerance Band Settings:
is running and the driver's and passenger doors are • Normal tolerance
closed.
• Tight tolerance.
Access height can be selected with the engine not
The tolerance bands are as follows:
running, within 40 seconds of moving the ignition
switch to the off position provided the driver's door has • Normal ± 10 mm
not been opened in this time. • Tight ± 3 mm.
The air suspension can be controlled manually by the The tight tolerance band is only used if set by T4 for
driver using a switch on the center console to select the diagnostics or when the vehicle has been stationary for
required height change. more than 5 minutes.
The system will temporarily inhibit height adjustments The control module considers the vehicle to be at target
when the vehicle is subject to cornering, heavy height if the current height is within the appropriate
acceleration or heavy braking. tolerance band.
The inhibit function prevents unsettling of the vehicle Height adjustments are not made until the vehicle height
by reducing the effective spring rates. falls outside of the tolerance band for a pre-determined
time.
Height changes are also restricted for safety reasons,
when a door is opened and the vehicle is stationary for The time period is different depending on if the vehicle
example. is moving or stationary.

2006MY Range Rover (LM) Lesson 1 – General Information
Geometry Changes off-road to access heights.
Refer to the following table for data:

The suspension geometry changes when moving from
Geometry Changed Front Rear
Toe change 30 mins 10 mins
Camber change 90 mins 90 mins

Lesson 2 – Component Description Objectives

• List all of the major system components.
• Explain at a high level each major component function.

Range Rover (LP) Lesson 2 – Component Description
RANGE ROVER (LP)

Lesson 2 – Component Description Range Rover (LP)
Components Review
Component Location

Component Location
Component Location - Legend

Item Component Location Comments
1. ECU Below LHF seat Delay relay in the same

vicinity
2. Compressor Engine bay LHS Located with valve block

and has serviceable filters
3. Drier Next to air cleaner Replace if water in system
4. Solenoids Engine bay LHS Seven solenoids in total
5. Reservoir RHS of chassis Drain plug fitted to one end
6. Height sensor Front axle Potentiometer type unit
7. Height sensor Rear axle Potentiometer type unit
8. Air spring Front axle Separate to damper unit
9. Air spring Rear axle Separate to damper unit
10. Fuse box Engine bay RHS Stores system relay and
fuses
11. Switch panel Air suspension control switches on Indicator warning lamp
fascia panel location

Front and Rear Suspension
Front and Rear Suspension Assembles

EAS ECU Air Supply Compressor
Air Suspension ECU
A thermal switch is incorporated into the motor which

permanently cuts out the compressor operation at
The EAS ECU is located below the left hand seat. temperatures >120°C.
The ECU maintains the requested vehicle ride height Below the 120°C threshold, the thermal switch monitors
by adjusting the volume of air in each air spring. the compressor temperature and operates the compressor
Connection of the ECU to the harness is via a 35 way within the set parameters.
connector. To protect the compressor from dirt ingress an inlet
To ensure safe operation the ECU has extensive filter is fitted to the compressor head intake port.
on-board diagnostic and safety features. On the outlet port a second filter is provided which acts
The ECU is not a serviceable item and will require as a silencer.
replacement in the event of a failure. The compressor filters requires changing at specific
times during its service life.
Air Supply
Filter Service
Air supply is delivered by the compressor to raise the
vehicle. The filters for the compressor require changing at
The air compressor is located under the bonnet and specific times during its service life.
mounted on the left hand inner wing area.
Filter Change Requirements
Distance Comments
24,000 Miles
39,000 Kilometers
30,000 Miles (USA)

Drier Assembly Valve Block Assembly
The air drier unit is connected into the air line between
the compressor and reservoir and is mounted on the
engine air cleaner housing.
Drier Unit
Air flow to and from the air springs is controlled via

seven solenoid operated valves (five visible and two
situated underneath).
The solenoids are used for the following:
• One for each air spring (x4)

The drier removes moisture from the pressurized air
• Inlet valve (x1)
entering the air system.
• Exhaust valve (x1)
It is important that all exhausted air is expelled through
• Outlet valve (x1)
the drier unit in the opposite direction, i.e. to
atmosphere. In response to signals from the ECU, the valves allow
high pressure air to flow in or out of the air springs
The air drier unit is not a serviceable item.
according to the need to increase or decrease pressure.
It is designed to last the life of the vehicle.
A diaphragm valve (Fig 'A' in the diagram) is operated
The drier is regenerative, the dry exhausted air expels by the outlet valve.
the moisture from the drier unit back in to the
Mounted on the valve block is a pressure switch which
atmosphere.
senses air pressure and signals the ECU to operate the
CAUTION: If the air drier unit is removed from compressor when required.
the vehicle the ports must be plugged to prevent
The solenoid operated diaphragm valve ensures that all
moisture or dirt ingress.
exhausted air passes through the air drier assembly.
If any water is found within the system then the drier
The compressor will operate when the pressure falls
must be replaced.
between:
• 7.2 and 8.0 bar (104 and 116 psi)

Valve Block
It will cut-out at a rising pressure of between:
The role of the valve block is to control the direction of
• 9.5 and 10.5 bar (138 and 152 psi)
air flow.
It is mounted next to the compressor in the left hand

side of the engine bay.

Valve Block Components
Complete the schematic above from the instructors presentation slide
The solenoid marked 'A' can be identified by its blue

The valve block contains the following serviceable
fly lead.
components:
• Solenoids 1 to 6 ('A' not serviceable)

Reservoir
• Drive pack assembly
• Pressure switch 'Green' Location of the reservoir is on the right hand side of the
The purpose of the Drive Pack is control of the solenoid chassis.
valves through drive signals controlled by the ECU.

Reservoir
The drain plug has a service schedule requirement of

Capacity of the reservoir is 10 liters.
being removed and checking for moisture content.
The reservoir stores compressed air between set
Service Schedules
parameters and has one connection that serves as both
the air in and air out. • 24,000 miles (39,000 km)
On the opposite end to the air supply connection is a • (30,000 miles NAS)
drain plug. Pressure gauge adaptor LRT 60 001 can be fitted in to
the drain port for the checking of system pressures.

Height Sensors
Front and Rear Height Sensors
Height sensors require replacement in the event of a

Four potentiometer type height sensors provide vehicle
failure and the vehicle re-calibrated to the air suspension
height information to the air suspension ECU.
ECU using the T4 diagnostic equipment.
The sensors are mounted on the chassis and activated
T4 diagnostic equipment converts the analogue feedback
by links to the front radius arms and rear trailing links.
voltage into a digital value using an A/D convertor.
Sensors are color coded to aid fitment to the correct side
The reason for the calibration process is to compensate
of the vehicle.
for manufacturing variations as sensors do not all
Height sensors when replaced with service replacement produce the same output.
units come complete with the actuating arm and drop
The generated value is then used by the T4 diagnostic
link.
equipment in the form of a count method to calibrate
Earlier sensors originally had fly leads attached, the the air suspension ECU.
later service units do not have a fly lead.
Each sensor has a five volts supply from the air
When fitting the later style height sensors without a fly suspension ECU and a ground return path.
lead for a sensor that previously used a fly lead a fitting
A feedback voltage corresponding to vehicle height is
kit, consisting of a mounting plate and an electrical
then fed back to the air suspension ECU.
connector is used.

In general terms the height sensor feedback voltage will The rear of the vehicle will rise first, followed by the
increase as the vehicle rises. front thus avoiding any headlamp dazzle.
If the vehicle is parked on uneven ground or with a

wheel or wheels on the kerb, the system will lower the
vehicle to the lowest spring height.
Air Springs
Air Springs
Spring Construction
Air Harness Repair
The front and rear air springs are of similar construction
but not interchangeable. A repair tool is available to repair damaged or leaking
air pipes.
Air spring diaphragms are not repairable and must be
replaced as a complete unit if a failure occurs. Replacement air pipe kit is available with connectors.
Collet type connectors are used to connect the air spring Service Kit - RQM 000030
port to the air harness. • 10 feet (3 meters)
• 4 connectors

Separate connectors are available using part number: The use of a pencil sharpener is also recommended to
STC 8580. chamfer pipe before fitting joint or collet connector.
The service tool number is: LRT 60 002.
To aid air leak detection use GOTEC LDS (Part No: Relays and Fuses
STC 1090), this is the only recommended method for
Fusebox
testing for air leaks.
The spray contains corrosion inhibitors and will not

damage paint work, metals or plastics.
WARNING: Do not use a water based liquid as

this can get into the air system and contaminate
the solenoid valves causing problems later in
service life.
The damaged section can be cut-out and replaced with

a connector repair joint or the collet connector can be
replaced as a service kit, consisting of an 'O' ring and
collet.
RHS Engine Bay Fusebox
When cutting the air harness pipe: use service tool LRT
60 002 ensures a clean square cut. The air suspension relays and fuses are located in the
NOTE: Two repairs/cuts is the maximum engineering RHS engine bay fusebox.
recommendation when repairing a connector.
Engine Bay Fusebox

Relay or Fuse Rating Comments
Relay 20 Compressor and valve block supply
Fuse 1 10 amp Supply to instrument cluster (next to BCU)
Fuse 17 10 amp Stop lamp switch supply (inhibits height changes)
Fuse 24 5 amp Ignition supply (Speed signal from BCU and ABS ECU)
Fuse 29 10 amp EAS delay timer unit
Fuse 35 10 amp Height change switch and warning lamps
Fuse 40 40 amp Compressor and valve block supply
NOTES:

Lesson 2 – Component Description Range Rover (LM)
RANGE ROVER (LM)

Range Rover (LM) Lesson 2 – Component Description
Components Review
Component Location
NOTES:

Component Location
Component Location - Legend

Item Component Location Comment
1. RHF height sensor Front subframe to lower control arm Different units for Xenon
headlamps
2. RHF air spring Between subframe and lower control Rotary coupling with peg
arm locator
3. Switch pack assembly Center console Separate switch for access

mode located in driver's door
panel
4. Reservoir and valve block RH sill area Valve block available separ-
ately
5. RHR damper Between body and lower control arm Bilstein units
6. RHR air spring Between subframe and lower control 'D' shaped retaining clip
arm
7. Cross link valve Rear wheel arch area Not driver controlled
8. Pressure relief valve Spare wheel compartment Internal pressure relief valve
was 13.7 bar, the external
relief valve is 12.3
9. Compressor Spare wheel compartment Sealed unit
10. LHR air spring Between subframe and lower control 'D' shaped retaining clip
arm
11. LHR damper Between body and lower control arm Bilstein units
12. LHR height sensor Between subframe and lower control Check VIN for type of
arm sensor fitted
13. RHR height sensor Between subframe and lower control Different sensor for Xenon
arm headlamps
14. ECU LH end of fascia
15. LHF air spring Between subframe and lower control Rotary coupling with a peg
arm for locating
16. LHF height sensor Between subframe and lower control Check VIN for type of
arm sensor fitted

Item Component Location Comment
17. Cross link valve Between subframe and lower control Not driver controlled
arm
Front Suspension Assembly
Front Suspension

Front Suspension
Item Description
1. RHF strut assembly
2. RH tie rod
3. Subframe body mounts
4. Front cross link valves (if fitted)
5. Anti-roll bar
6. LHF strut assembly
7. LH tie rod
8. LHF hub assembly
9. LH lower arm
10. LH anti-roll bar link
11. LHF height sensor
12. Front subframe
13. RHF height sensor (partially hidden from view)
14. RH lower arm
15. RH anti-roll bar link
16. RHF hub assembly

Rear Suspension Assembly
Rear Suspension

Rear Suspension
Item Description
1. Subframe mounts
2. RHR air spring
3. RH lower wishbone
4. Anti-roll bar
5. LHR air spring
6. LH lower wishbone
7. Rear cross link valve
8. RHR hub assembly
9. RH damper
10. RH upper wishbone
11. LH damper
12. Compressor assembly
13. LHR hub assembly
14. LH toe control arm
15. LH upper wishbone
16. LHR height sensor
17. Rear subframe
18. RHR height sensor
19. RH toe control arm

Cross Link Valves
Cross Link Valve
Cross Link Valve - Legend

Item Description
1. Electrical connector
2. RH air spring supply and return
3. RH air spring supply and return from valve block
4. Cross link valve body
5. LH air spring supply and return
6. LH spring supply and return from valve block

The rear valve is located towards the top of the RHR
wheel arch and is also situated behind the wheel arch
Cross Link Valve Location
liner.
The front cross link valve is located at the rear of the
RHF wheel arch, behind the wheel arch liner (where
fitted).

NOTE: On later vehicles, the front cross-link valve was The air suspension ECU senses the vehicle is off-road
deleted and a modified air harness and air suspension by comparing rapid changes in signals from the ride
ECU was also installed. The deletion of the cross-link height sensors.
valve affects the following vehicles: VIN 154877 to Cross link valve operation is fully automatic, and
154881, VIN 154949 and 154950 and from VIN 155161 requires no driver intervention at any time.
onwards.
The cross link valves only operate in off-road mode and
Attachment of the valves to the vehicle body is by three operation is governed by the off-road mode speed
rubber mounted fixings to isolate solenoid valve threshold.
operation.
Height sensor inputs to the air suspension ECU are used
in the decision as to when the cross link valves operate.
Cross Link Valve Operation
With the driver's height control switch in off-road mode
The cross link valves comprise of a single large solenoid position, the system enters a stand by condition until
valve with connections to the LH and RH air springs the ECU decides to operate the valves via height sensor
and also connections for each air spring from the information.
reservoir mounted valve block.
Each solenoid operated valve is controlled by the air Service Requirements

suspension ECU.
When removing a cross link valve 'DO NOT'
When the solenoid valve is energized the cross link depressurize the air suspension system before raising
valve connects the two air springs together, thus the vehicle.
allowing air to flow between them if required.
In the event of having to remove a 'Voss' connector from
This feature provides additional suspension articulation any air suspension component, the connector must be
which improves the off-road capabilities of the vehicle left attached to the air pipe being removed.
and an improvement in low speed ride comfort.
Removing the Voss connector from the air pipe could
cause the connector to scratch the pipe and increase the
likelihood of air leaks.

Compressor Assembly
Air Supply Compressor
Compressor Assembly - Legend

Item Description
1. Electric motor
2. Compressor
3. Compressor temperature sensor

Item Description
4. Electrical and air supply connector
5. High pressure exhaust valve
6. Rubber mountings (x3)
7. Exhaust hose
8. Exhaust pilot valve

The corner and reservoir valves close-off, thus retaining
the air within the air suspension system.
Air Supply Unit Location
The air supply unit is located in a sealed housing Compressor

mounted in the spare wheel compartment.
The unit comprises of a single piston compressor, a 12v
Four bolts secure the air supply unit to the vehicle by
electric motor, a solenoid operated pilot valve, a pressure
threaded inserts in the wheel compartment floorpan.
relief valve and an air drier unit.
The electric motor, compressor, air drier and pressure

System Connection
limiting and exhaust valve are mounted on a frame
The assembly is connected to the system through a which in turn is mounted on flexible rubber mountings
single air supply pipe with wiring harness and to reduce operating noise.
multi-plug.
The earlier air pipe connection was superseded by the Air Supply Operation
introduction of a revised pressure relief valve on later
The electric motor drives a crank with an eccentric pin
vehicles.
to which the connecting rod is attached.
Pipe protection as it passes through the wheel well
The connecting rod has a piston which fits in the bore
floorpan is through the use of a rubber grommet.
of the compressor.
It is important to ensure that this grommet is not
Operation of the motor rotates the crank, moving the
disturbed during any service work and that it is correctly
piston in the bore of the compressor.
installed.
The compressor is attached with special bolts to the
Incorrect installation will allow water to enter the wheel
motor housing and sealed with an 'O' ring.
well area leading to possible damage and failure of the
air supply unit. A temperature sensor is located on the compressor
housing.
Service Requirements The sensor measures the compressor temperature which

is then used by the air suspension ECU (this is discussed
Removal of the air supply unit does not require the further in system inhibits).
system to be depressurized.

Air Drier The pressure limiting valve also operates when the
exhaust pilot valve is opened, thus allowing air returning
Attached to the compressor is an air drier unit which from the air springs to be exhausted.
contains a silicate box for removing moisture from the
compressed air.
System Pressure
All air that is supplied to inflate the air springs passes
through the air drier unit. The compressor is used to supply air pressure to the air
suspension reservoir.
When the air springs are deflated, the exhausted air also
passes back through the air drier assembly, thus The ECU monitors the pressure within the reservoir to
removing the moisture from the drier unit and maintain a pressure of 12.3 bar (178 psi) when the
regenerating the silicate material. engine is running.
Exhaust Valve System Inhibits
Attached to the air drier unit is a solenoid operated There are a number of conditions that will inhibit
exhaust pilot valve which is opened when the air springs operation of the air suspension compressor.
are to be deflated. It is vitally important that these inhibits are not confused
Located in the same housing as the exhaust pilot valve with a system malfunction.
is a pressure limiting valve which protects the air springs A full list of compressor inhibits is contained in the air
from over inflation. suspension control section.
The valve is pneumatically operated, responding to air A temperature sensor is located within the compressor
pressure applied to it in order to overcome the pressure and should the compressor temperature rise above set
of the spring located behind the valve. limits, the ECU will inhibit compressor operation.

Reservoir Assembly
Reservoir Assembly
Item Description
1. Reservoir front fixing
2. Reservoir rear fixing
3. Air pressure sensor
4. Reservoir
5. Air harness connector
6. Reservoir to valve block air supply pipe
7. Valve block
On vehicles from VIN 171509 the reservoir is fabricated

The air suspension reservoir is located under the RH
from steel.
sill of the vehicle.
The reservoir is secured with four bolts to the underside
On vehicles up to VIN 171508 the reservoir is fabricated
of the vehicle.
from aluminum.

The reservoir has an additional bracket on the forward NOTE: Earlier vehicles had a pressure limit of 13.7 bar
facing end which provides the mounting for the valve (199 psi).
block. However, the system pressure was been reduced to
The purpose of the reservoir is to supply pressurized air 12.3 bar (178 psi) with the introduction of a separate
to the four corner air spring assemblies through the valve pressure relief valve, refer to Bulletin A/B/D 293
blocks, to enable the air suspension system to carry out issued 05.10.02.
ride height changes. When the engine is started, the ECU runs the compressor
A pressure sensor is screwed into the rear face of the to increase reservoir pressure to 12.3 bar (178 psi).
reservoir. Location of the valve block is mounted forward of the
The sensor is connected to the air suspension ECU and air supply reservoir under the RHS sill area of the
monitors the pressure within the reservoir. vehicle.
Bulletin LM204-003 03 states replacement of the The reservoir supplies pressurized air to the four corner
pressure sensor is achieved by renewing the sensor as air spring assemblies via the valve block, to enable the
a separate item and does not require the changing the air suspension system to carry out ride height changes.
air supply reservoir assembly as a complete component. Three nut and stud fixings secure the valve block to the
reservoir bracket.
Height Control The studs are bonded into rubber mounts which isolates
solenoid operation from the vehicle.
The ECU controls the operation of the air suspension
compressor to maintain a pressure of 12.3 bar (178 psi) Each valve block contains five solenoid operated valves
only whilst the engine is running. which are controlled by the air suspension ECU.
If an upward height change request is made when the Four of the valves, known as corner valves, control the
engine is not running, air pressure within the reservoir air flow to and from the air springs via the cross link
is used to lift the vehicle. valves.
Should the reservoir pressure drop below 9 bar (130

psi) and an upward height change request is made, the
lift procedure is performed by the compressor.

Height Sensors to VIN 174107
Height Sensor Assemblies
Item Description
1. Front height sensor bracket
2. Sensor fixing
3. Suspension link securing nut
4. Suspension connecting link
5. Link arm retaining nut
6. Height sensor electrical connection
7. Height sensor
8. Link arm securing bolt
9. Suspension link securing nut
10. Height sensor lever
11. Rear height sensor bracket

Height sensors are located at each corner of the vehicle There are six different types of sensors fitted to the
to monitor the vehicle ride height changes. Range Rover (LM).
The sensors are mounted on the front and rear subframe, These are as follows:
with a mechanical link to the suspension lower arms.
Sensor Variants
LHF height sensor All vehicles
RHF height sensor Halogen headlamps fitted
RHF height sensor Xenon headlamps fitted (White stripes for identification)
LHR height sensor All vehicles
RHR height sensor Halogen headlamps fitted
RHR height sensor Xenon headlamps fitted (White stripes for identification)
Height sensors used on vehicles fitted with Xenon
headlamps use a sensor with a second circuit board.
Height Sensor Attachment
This second circuit board feedback information is used
The height sensors are attached to brackets located on by the Xenon headlamp leveling ECU.
the subframe and are connected via links to the lower
control arms.
Service Points
The links enable articulation of the lower control arm
to allow for suspension travel. The front height sensor ball jointed linkage is a
serviceable item.
Connector Configuration However, the rear height sensor linkage cannot be

serviced and must be changed as a complete height
Each sensor is connected by a six pin multi-plug. sensor assembly.
Standard height sensors use three of the six available NOTE: From 26th May 2004 the height sensors
pins. changed on the track from hall effect type to contact
However height sensors for vehicles fitted with Xenon type.
headlamps utilize all six. The new sensors are fitted to vehicles from VIN
174108.
Sensor Differences The impact on service means that there are four new
sensor part numbers.
The height sensors contain a circuit board with a Hall
effect sensor. Sensors are handed left to right and identified by
white levers for the left hand sensors (same as
The sensor is supplied with a reference voltage from
Discovery 3 / LR3).
the air suspension ECU which in-turn measures the
returning voltage (feedback) to determine the sensor
arm position.

Each sensor comprises a sensor body which contains Parts are interchangeable on vehicles before VIN
a single track rotary potentiometer, a lever arm and 174108 and therefore a vehicle can have a mixture
a drop link. of old and new type sensors.
The sensor is supplied with a reference voltage from This is only applicable to sensors on vehicles without
the air suspension ECU which measures the returned xenon headlamps.
voltage to determine the sensor arm position. The new sensors cannot be replaced for the old type
Fixings have also changed (same as Discovery 3 / sensors with a white identification stripe.
LR3), i.e. self tap.
Height Sensors from VIN 174108
Item Description
1. Front height sensor bracket
2. Height sensor securing fixings
3. Rear height sensor bracket
4. Height sensor electrical connection
5. Height sensors
6. Height sensor operating link arms
7. Link securing fixing
Ensure the front height sensor linkage is fitted correctly.
It is possible to locate the arm 180 degrees out of correct

alignment.

Air Springs Air Spring Components
Each air spring comprises of a top plate assembly, an Air Springs

air bag and a base piston.
Attachment of air bag assembly to the top plate and the

piston is by a crimped ring.
The air bag is made from a flexible rubber material

which allows the bag to expand with air pressure and
deform under load.
Air Spring Assembly
The front air spring top plate assembly comprises the

plastic top plate with a spigot which protrudes through
a hole in the subframe.
On the side of the top cap is an Voss air connector which

allows for the attachment of the air supply pipe from
the cross link valve.
The piston is manufactured in plastic and shaped to

allow the air bag to roll over its outer diameter.
The base of the rear piston has a splined stud in the

center and an offset timing peg for correct orientation
of the air spring into the lower wishbone. Item Description
1. Aperture cover
Air Spring Fitment
2. Sealing plate
The rear air springs are located rearward of the dampers 3. Securing nut
and are retained between the subframe and the lower
wishbone. 4. Front air spring
Attachment of the rear air spring to the lower wishbone 5. Air pipe Voss connector
with a screw fixing which is fitted from the underside 6. Rear air spring
of the wishbone into the splined stud on the base of the
piston.
Construction
The top plate for the rear air spring is attached to the
subframe via an integral 'D' shaped spigot which is The air springs on the front and rear suspension are
secured with a retaining clip. similar in construction.
Both air springs are manufactured from flexible rubber.

Each air spring forms an air tight cavity which provides Only the corner concerned need be depressurized.
the required spring rate for each corner of the vehicle. Before carrying out depressurization of the air
As the air spring is compressed, the rubber material suspension system, the vehicle weight must be
compresses and rolls down the side of the vertical supported.
housing below the spring. Prior to removing the vehicle support, each air spring
must be fully pressurized before the weight of the
Air Supply Connection vehicle is re-applied to it.
An air connection port is located on the top of each

Air Harness Identification
spring and allows air to be added or removed from each
air spring as required by the air suspension ECU. The air harness system is interconnected via yellow and
The air connection port is connected using a Voss black nylon pipes.
connector and nylon pipe to the valve block on the • Yellow = RHS
reservoir.
• Black = LHS
When removing the Voss connector from any air
The pipes are attached to the subframe and vehicle body
suspension component, the connector must be left
with clips.
attached to the air pipe.
This is to ensure that the correct routing is maintained.
Removing the connector from the air pipe could cause
the connector to scratch the pipe and increase the The pipes have timing marks which align with the
likelihood of air leaks. various clip positions.
The timing marks exist in the form of a white band

Service Care Points around the pipe thus indicating the clip position.
If the correct routing is not observed, un-necessary

When servicing an air spring or the complete air
tension at the pipe joints will occur, resulting in possible
suspension system, depressurization is required.
early failure.
Replacement of an individual air spring does not require
full air suspension system depressurization.

Pressure Control
Pressure Relief Valve
A pressure relief valve is connected to the air pipe

between the compressor and the reservoir. Leak Detection
The pressure relief valve is installed in the RHF corner Air leak detection can be carried out using a Land Rover
of the spare wheel well and provides a safety back-up approved non water based leak detection spray.
for the ECU pressure control function, to limit system
If the vehicle appears to be leaking, perform a leak check
pressure.
on all aspects of the system, i.e. air spring pipe fittings
NOTE: Bulletin A/B/D 293 - issue date 05.10.02 states and associated connections on the valve block, cross
earlier vehicles had a pressure relief limit of 13.7 bar link valves, air spring and reservoir.
(199 psi). The pressure relief was reduced with the
Failure to correctly diagnose leakage will result in
introduction of an external pressure relief valve and an
un-necessary exchange of serviceable components and
ECU software upgrade.
re-occurrence of the original problem.
If the pressure of the air from the compressor increases
above 12.3 bar (178 psi), the pressure relief valve opens
and releases the excess pressure to atmosphere.

Lesson 2 – Component Description Discovery II
DISCOVERY II

Discovery II Lesson 2 – Component Description
Component Review
Component Location

Component Location
Item Description Item Description
1. Off-Road mode switch 7. Air intake filter
2. SLS warning lamp 8. LHR air spring
3. Instrument cluster 9. LHR height sensor
4. Off-Road warning lamp 10. Air supply unit
5. RHR height sensor 11. SLABS ECU (behind glove box)
6. RHR air spring
Self Leveling Rear Suspension
Rear Suspension Components
1. Air pressure pipe connection (x2) 2. Air Spring (x2)

Self Leveling Components Air Distribution Unit
Air distribution unit. The air distribution unit is located on the LH chassis
rail, beneath the floor panel.
Silencer.
No routine maintenance is required for the assembly.
Two height sensors.
The housing contains the following components.
Two air springs.
Air Distribution Unit:
Air intake filter.
• Compressor
Air suspension height switch.
• Air drier assembly
Air suspension warning lamp.
• Air valve
Off-road mode warning lamp.
• Pressure limiting valve
Self Leveling / Anti Lock Brakes (SLABS) ECU. • Electric motor
Air Distribution Assembly

Air Distribution
1. Compressor electrical connector 10. LH air valve electrical connector (blue

harness connector)
2. Electric motor 11. LH air valve
3. Air intake hose 12. LH air spring supply pipe
4. Compressor 13. Air supply /Exhaust pipe
5. Air drier unit 14. RH air spring supply pipe
6. Pressure limiting valve 15. RH air valve
7. Exhaust hose 16. RH air valve electrical connector (natural

harness connector)
8. Exhaust valve electrical connector (black 17. Air distribution housing

harness connector)
9. Exhaust valve
The relay is controlled by the Self Leveling Anti- lock
Brake System (SLABS) ECU (the SLABS ECU is
Compressor
located behind the passenger side glove box).
The role of the compressor is to supply compressed air
to the rear air springs. Compressor Operation
Compressor Unit
The air supply unit consists of a 12v electric motor, a
compressor with a drier element, a pressure limiting
valve and two air supply control valves.
Exhaust and the air supply control valves are solenoid

operated responding to signals from the SLABS ECU.
The electric motor drives a crank with an eccentric pin

to which a connecting rod is attached.
A piston connects to the connecting rod and fits into the

bore of the compressor.
When the motor is operated it rotates the crank, moving

the piston in the bore of the compressor.
Power Supply
A relay located in the engine bay fuse box supplies the

compressor with its 12v power requirements.

Air Pressure Limiting Valve All air exhausted from the system passes through the
drier unit in the opposite direction.
The air pressure limiting valve is attached to the end of
The air drier is regenerative in that exhaust air absorbs
the air drier unit.
the moisture in the drier element and expels it into the
The limiting valve protects the air springs from over atmosphere.
inflation.
The air drier element is designed to last the life of the
Pressure Limiting Valve vehicle and in non-serviceable.
Air Intake Filter
The air intake and filter for the compressor is located

behind the LHR light cluster in the 'E' post.
Air Intake Location
When the exhaust valve is opened, the pressure limiting

valve also opens.
The valve is pneumatically operated, responding to air

pressure applied to it.
Air Drier Unit
The air drier unit is built into the compressor assembly.
The air drier unit contains a silicate box which removes

moisture from the compressed air entering the system.
Air Drier Assembly
Air Intake System
1. Air intake filter
2. Quick release connector

The plastic molded housing contains a felt and foam air Operating Valves
filter and is replaceable (refer to repair procedure in the
workshop manual).
The filter removes particulate matter from the air drawn

in by the compressor.
For correct service intervals refer to the service

maintenance check sheet.
It is recommended that vehicles used extensively in

arduous / off-road conditions will require the air intake
filter to be replaced at more regular intervals.
Air Valves
The self leveling suspension system air control valves

control the operation of the air springs located at the
rear of the vehicle.
There are three solenoid actuated valves incorporated

within the air distribution unit.
• Right spring valve

• Left spring valve
• Exhaust valve Operating Valves
1. Right air spring valve
2. Left air spring valve
3. Exhaust valve
Vehicle Lifting
For the LHS of the vehicle to rise, the left spring valve
is opened and the compressor run.
The same operation with the right spring valve, raises

the RHS of the vehicle.
Vehicle Lowering
To lower the LHS of the vehicle, the left hand valve is

opened along with the exhaust valve.

Likewise, the same operation is completed for the right Height Sensors
hand valve and exhaust valve to lower the RHS of the
vehicle. Height Sensor
Valve Location
The LH and RH spring valves are located at the forward

end of the air distribution housing.
Valve Control
Each control valve can be individually operated by the

SLABS ECU.
The exhaust valve is located with the pressure limiting

valve and is solenoid operated by the SLABS ECU.
The exhaust valve directs air from the air spring(s) and
control valve(s) to atmosphere when required.
All expelled air passes through the drier element to

regenerate the silica material.
Silencer
The silencer is connected into the air lines behind the Item Description
air distribution unit.
1. Spacer
It has two chambers, one to reduce compressor pulsing
noises at the air intake filter, the other to minimize 2. Link end
exhaust noise. 3. Link rod
4. Link end
5. Sensor arm
6. Sensor body
Sensor Location
The height sensors are located on the chassis, with the

sensor arms, a link rod and two link ends attached to
the radius arms.

The link ends permits articulation of the arm to allow If, for any reason, the sensors are replaced, or removed
for suspension travel. and refitted, a calibration process must be completed.
The lower link arm is attached to a lug on top of the This is to ensure that the SLABS ECU can determine
radius arm. the correct height value of the vehicle from the height
sensor voltage signal.
Sensor Connector The calibration procedure involves using T4 diagnostic

equipment and a set of special calibration setting blocks
Each sensor is connected to the main chassis harness (LRT 64-003).
by a multiplug.
The three pin multiplug provides the following electrical Ride Characteristics
connections:
Using air springs provides the vehicle with an improved
• Ground
secondary ride.
• 5v supply
Secondary ride is the term used to describe vibrations
• Feedback signal
/ oscillations caused by the vehicle reacting to minor
road imperfections.
Sensor Operation
Each sensor operates on the Hall effect principle. Air Spring Construction
A magnet is attached to the shaft and rotates with the The rear air springs are manufactured using a light, but,
movement of the arm. reinforced material for strength and durability.
The magnetic flux generated acts on a Hall effect sensor
and depending on its position, varies the current across
the sensor.
The current generated is measured, amplified and passed

to the SLABS ECU as a linear output feedback voltage
signal.
The voltage signal varies according to the angular

position of the sensor arm.
The signal is processed by the SLABS ECU and from

this the ECU can determine the height of the vehicle.
Service Points
Height sensor voltage outputs vary from sensor to

sensor.
This is a manufacturing variability which has to be

compensated for when the sensor is fitted to the vehicle.

Air Springs Spring Location
Rear Air Spring Each air spring is located at its base by a fabricated
platform on the rear axle.
The top of the spring locates in a fabricated bracket

attached to the outside of each chassis.
The plastic base piston is recessed and has a boss with

two lugs molded in the center for attachment to the axle.
The piston is secured by locating lugs in a slotted hole

in the axle platform and rotating the spring through 90
degrees locates the lugs in the slot.
The plastic top plate has grooved pins which locate

through holes in the chassis bracket.
Two spring clips locate on the grooved pins and retain

the top of the spring in position.
Spring Assembly
Each air spring comprises a top plate, an air bag and

base piston.
The air bag is attached to the top plate and the piston
with crimped rings.
Rear Air Spring
The air bag is made from a fibre reinforced flexible
1. Top plate rubber material which allows the spring to expand with
2. Voss connector air pressure and deform under load.
3. Air bag The top plate comprises the two bonded grooved pins
and a female Voss connector in the center.
4. Piston
The Voss connector allows for the attachment of the air
supply pipe from the air supply unit.
The piston is also plastic and is shaped to optimize the

springs characteristics.

SLABS ECU
ECU
1. SLABS ECU 3. BCU (ref only)
2. Bracket 4. ACE ECU (ref only)
SLABS ECU Location Battery Power Supply
The SLABS ECU receives a continuous battery supply

The SLABS ECU is mounted on a bracket behind the
from 'Fuse 11' in the engine compartment fusebox.
passenger glove box and can be identified from other
ECU's by its five connectors.
The five electrical connectors are located on the lower Ignition Power Supply
face of the ECU.
An ignition 'ON' signal is supplied from the ignition
The twelve, six and eighteen pin connectors are used to switch via 'Fuse 28' in the passenger compartment
supply inputs and outputs to and from the ECU whilst fusebox.
the remaining two connectors are used for ABS
operation.

The ECU has the ability to control when it requires Door Input
power and is not reliant on the ignition signal to power
up the ECU. If any of the doors are opened, this will power up the
ECU irrespective of the ignition switch position.
Event Timers The door open signal is sensed by the door switch
completing an earth path which is sensed by the ECU.
Incorporated into the ECU is a counter which times the The door open signal powers the ECU for up to 30
operation of the SLS system and prevents the minutes.
compressor exceeding its duty cycle.
This allows the vehicle to re-level when a load is
The ECU can remain powered for up to 1.5 hours after removed or passengers leave the vehicle.
ignition off is sensed which allows the counter to
continue running to avoid an ignition cycle resetting the
event counter.

System Components
System Components Schematic

System Operation
1. Battery supply (via SLABS relay) 12. RH air valve
2. Ignition supply 13. LH air valve
3. RH height sensor 14. Exhaust valve
4. LH height sensor 15. Diagnostic socket
5. Off-Road mode warning lamp 16. Off-Road mode switch
6. Audible warning speaker 17. SLS remote handset
7. Instrument cluster 18. Body Control Unit (BCU)
8. SLS warning lamp 19. Door switches
9. Fusible link 9 20. SLABS ECU
10. SLS relay 21. Engine Control Module (ECU)
11. Air supply unit

If the air suspension is too high, the LH and RH spring
valves will open, along with the exhaust valve, purging
System Operation
air until the height sensors inform the ECU that the
Self leveling is accomplished automatically when the target height has been reached.
engine is running (the engine ECU sends an engine
speed signal to the SLABS ECU to indicate when the
engine is running).
The height sensors inform the SLABS ECU at what the

height the vehicle is currently set.
If the rear suspension is too low, the SLABS ECU

switches on the compressor by actuating the compressor
relay.
The LH and RH spring valves will open simultaneously

(providing the vehicle is on flat ground), allowing
compressed air to the air springs.
The exhaust valve will remain closed.
The height sensors then inform the ECU that the target
height has been reached, the compressor stops and the
valves are closed.

Lesson 2 – Component Description Discovery 3 / LR3
DISCOVERY 3 / LR3

Discovery 3 / LR3 Lesson 2 – Component Description
Component Review
System Components

Component Location
1. Front RH air spring damper module 11. Rear LH height sensor
2. Front RH height sensor 12. Upper acoustic cover
3. Air suspension control module 13. Lower acoustic cover
4. Air suspension control switch 14. Air supply unit
5. Rear RH height sensor 15. Reservoir valve block
6. Rear RH air spring damper module 16. Air reservoir
7. Air supply unit silencer 17. Front LH height sensor
8. Rear LH air spring damper module 18. Front LH air spring damper module
9. Air intake filter 19. Front valve block
10. Rear valve block
Control Module
Air Suspension Module

1. Air Suspension Control Module 4. Connector C2030
2. Connector C0867 5. Connector C2321
3. Connector C2320
• Air suspension control module is removed or
replaced
Control Module Location
• Height sensor is removed or replaced
The air suspension control module is located behind the • Suspension arm to which the sensor is connected is
instrument panel, on the driver's side 'A' post. removed or replaced
Attachment to the 'A' post is via a single fixing and two If the removed height sensor is subsequently refitted,
plastic clips. the calibration procedure will have to be performed to
ensure the integrity of the system.
Calibration If the air supply unit, the reservoir, a valve block, a
damper module or the air harness is removed or
A calibration routine is performed using the T4
replaced, the system will not require recalibration.
diagnostic equipment to access the position of each
corner of the vehicle and record the settings in the ECU
memory. Inputs and Outputs
Once set, the calibration is not required to be performed Four harness connectors are used by the air suspension
again unless: control module for all inputs and outputs.
The following tables show the details of the signals or

electrical supplies on each connector pin.

Air Suspension Control
Air Suspension Control Switch
Control Switch
1. Crawl mode lamp 6. Raising lamp
2. Access mode lamp 7. Off-road mode lamp
3. Lowering lamp 8. Terrain Response™ rotary control
4. On-road mode lamp 9. Transfer box range switch
5. Air suspension switch 10. Hill Descent Control (HDC) switch
Selection Modes:
The air suspension control switch is located in the center
console, behind the manual or automatic transmission • On-road mode
selector lever. • Access mode
The switch is a three position, non-latching switch which • Crawl (locked at access) mode
allows selection of the following driver selectable The air suspension switch can be moved forwards or
modes. backwards from its central position.

The switch is non-latching and returns to the central The raise and lower symbols will flash and a warning
position when released. tone will be emitted from the instrument cluster sounder
when a requested height change is not allowed, i.e.
The switch completes an earth path to the air suspension
vehicle speed too fast.
control module when operated.
A flashing symbol indicates that the air suspension
This earth path is completed on separate wires for the
system is in a waiting state or that the system will
raise and lower switch positions, allowing the control
override the driver’s selection because the speed
module to determine which selection the driver has
threshold is too high.
made.
The driver can also ignore the system’s warnings signals
The air suspension switch has six symbols which
and allow the height to change automatically.
illuminate to show the current selected height and the
direction of movement. For example, increasing the vehicle speed to more than
25 mph (40 km/h) will cause the control module to
automatically change the ride height from off-road mode
to on-road mode.
Valve Blocks
Front and Rear Valve Blocks

1. Isolation rubber mounts (x3) 8. RHF air spring, air harness connection
2. Location slots 9. Rear valve block, valves and solenoid

assembly
3. Front valve block, valves and solenoid 10. RHR air spring, air harness connection
assembly
4. Front bumper 11. Air inlet /outlet connection
5. Electrical connector 12. LHR air spring, air harness connection
6. LHF air spring air harness connection 13. Rear suspension turret
7. Air inlet /outlet connection
The front and rear axle valve blocks are similar in their
design and construction and controls air supply and Connection
distribution to the front or rear pair of air spring damper
Valve blocks are fitted with isolation rubber mounts to
modules respectively.
reduce possible operational noise from being
The difference between the two valve blocks is the transmitted.
connections from the valve block to the left and right
The front and rear valve blocks each have three Voss
hand air spring damper modules and the valve sizes.
type air pipe connection fittings.
It is important that the correct valve block is fitted to
One connection is an air pressure inlet / outlet from the
the correct axle, otherwise leveling will be impaired due
reservoir block.
to the different valve sizing.
The remaining two connections provide the pressure
Fitting valve blocks incorrectly would not actually stop
connections to the left and right air spring assemblies.
the air suspension from functioning. But will result in
slow raise and lower times and uneven raising and Each valve block contains three solenoid operated
lowering between the front and rear axles. valves: two corner valves and one cross link valve.
Each solenoid valve is controlled individually by the

Valve Block Location air suspension control module.
The solenoids have a resistance value of 2 Ohms @

The front valve block is attached to the right hand end 20°C (68°F).
of the front bumper.
The rear valve block is located on the forward face of

Corner Valves
the left hand suspension turret.
The corner valves control the flow of air into and out
of the individual air springs.
When the solenoid is de-energized, the corner valves

are held in a closed position by internal springs.

When the solenoid is energized, the valve armature When de-energized, the cross link valve prevents air
moves and allows air flow into or out of the air spring. passing from one air spring to another.
When the solenoid is energized, the valve spool moves

Cross Link Valves and allows air to pass from one air spring to the other.
This increases wheel articulation and improves ride

The cross link valves provides a connection between
comfort at low vehicle speeds.
the two air springs on the same axle.
Reservoir Valve Block
1. Chassis mounting bracket 6. Reservoir connection
2. Location slot 7. Rear valve block connection
3. Isolation rubber mounts (3 off) 8. Front valve block connection
4. Electrical connector 9. Air supply unit connection
5. Reservoir valve block, valves and solenoid 10. Pressure sensor

assembly
The valve block also contains the air suspension system
pressure sensor.
The reservoir valve block controls the storage and

distribution of air to and from the reservoir.

Valve Block Location Operation
The reservoir valve block is attached to a bracket on the The reservoir supply is utilized as much as possible to
outside of the left hand chassis rail. aid speed of response from the system.
Position of the valve block is between the reservoir and However, the system will alternate between reservoir
the air supply unit. and compressor supply as dictated by system pressures.
The valve block is located within the air supply unit The reservoir valve block contains a solenoid operated
acoustic box to protect it from dirt ingress and damage valve which is controlled by the air suspension control
from stones. module.
The solenoid valve controls the pressure supply to and

Valve Block Attachment from the reservoir.
The solenoid has a resistance value of 2 Ohms at a

The valve block has three attachment lugs which are
temperature of 20°C (68°F).
fitted with isolation rubber mounts which locate in the
chassis bracket which has three slotted holes. When energized, the valve spool moves allowing air to
pass in or out of the reservoir.
The isolation rubber mounts locate in the 'V' shaped
slots and are pulled downwards into positive location
in the slots. Reservoir Pressure
The reservoir valve block also contains a pressure sensor

Connections which can be used to measure the system air pressure
in the air springs and the reservoir.
The valve block has four air pipe connections which
use 'Voss' type air fittings. The pressure sensor is connected via a harness connector
to the air suspension control module.
The connections provide for air supply from the air
supply unit, air supply to and from the reservoir and air The control module provides a 5v reference voltage to
supply to and from the front and rear valve blocks. the pressure sensor and monitors the return signal
voltage from the sensor.
The connections from the air supply unit and the front
and rear control valves are all connected via a common Using this sensor, the control module controls the air
gallery within the valve and therefore are all subject to supply unit operation and therefore limits the nominal
the same air pressures. system operating pressure to 16.8 bar (244 lb in²).
Maximum pressure is a nominal 23 bar (333 lb in²),

however the reservoir is tested to a maximum of 35 bar
(507 lb in²).

Air Supply Assembly
Air Supply Unit

Air Supply Unit - Legend
1. Mounting bracket 8. Isolation mounting rubber (2 off)
2. Air drier unit 9. Electric motor
3. Pilot exhaust valve solenoid and temperature 10. Isolation mounting rubber (1 off)
sensors harness connector
4. Motor harness connector 11. Pilot air pipe
5. Intake port 12. Pressure outlet to pilot exhaust valve
6. Pilot exhaust valve 13. Compressor cylinder head temperature sensor
7. Exhaust valve 14. Compressor
Acoustic Box
Acoustic Covers

1. Upper cover 3. Air supply unit
2. Lower cover 4. Reservoir valve block
Component Location Service Components
Servicing is limited to the following components:

The air supply unit is located on the outside of the left
hand chassis rail, forward of the upper control arm. • Air drier unit
The unit is attached to the chassis rail and is protected • Pilot exhaust pipe
by an acoustic box. • Rubber mounts
Acoustic Box Component Attachment
The acoustic box, which comprises of two parts; upper The air supply unit is attached to a bracket which is
and lower and surrounds the air supply unit. bolted to the chassis.
The box is a plastic molding which is lined with an The unit is mounted to the bracket with flexible isolation
insulating foam which controls the operating noise of mounting rubbers which assist in preventing operating
the air supply unit. noise from being transmitted to the chassis.
The reservoir valve block is also located in the acoustic
box. Air Supply Unit - Depressurization
Removal of the air supply unit does not require the

Air Supply Unit
whole air suspension system to be depressurized.
The air supply unit comprises the following major The front and rear valve blocks and the reservoir valve
components: block are normally closed when de-energized,
• Piston compressor preventing air pressure in the air springs and the
reservoir escaping when the unit is disconnected.
• 12V electric motor
• Solenoid operated pilot valve
Air Supply Unit - System Inhibits
• Exhaust valve
• Air drier unit There are a number of conditions that will inhibit
The air supply unit can be serviced in the event of operation of the air supply unit.
component failure. It is vitally important that these system inhibits are not
confused with a system malfunction.
A full list of air supply unit inhibits are given in the air
suspension control module section in this workbook.

Air Supply Unit
Air Supply Unit - Sectioned View
1. Exhaust valve cap 11. Isolation rubber mount
2. Plunger 12. Motor assembly
3. Valve seat 13. Crankcase
4. Intake silencer port 14. Crank
5. Delivery valve 15. Crankcase cover
6. Valve guide 16. Connecting rod
7. Cylinder head 17. Piston
8. Drier case 18. Piston exhaust valve
9. Desiccant 19. Spring - pressure relief
10. Pilot exhaust line

Pilot Exhaust Valve The motor drives a crank which has an eccentric pin to
which the compressor connecting rod is attached.
A solenoid operated pilot exhaust valve is connected to
The motor is fitted with a temperature sensor on the
the air delivery gallery, downstream of the air drier.
brush PCB assembly.
The pilot valve, when opened, operates the main
The sensor is connected to the air suspension control
compressor exhaust valve.
module which monitors the temperature and can suspend
This allows the air springs to be deflated when required. motor operation if an overheat condition occurs.
When the solenoid is energized, pilot air moves the
exhaust valve plunger, allowing pressurized air from Compressor
the air springs and/or reservoir to pass via the reservoir
control valve to the air supply unit. The compressor comprises a motor driven connecting
rod and piston which operate in a cylinder with a
The solenoid has a resistance value of 4 Ohms at a
cylinder head.
temperature of 20°C (68°F).
The motor rotates the crank moving the piston up and
down in the cylinder bore.
Exhaust Valve
The air in the cylinder is compressed with the up stroke
The exhaust valve has three functions: and is passed via delivery valve, through the air drier
• It operates in conjunction with the pilot exhaust valve into the system.
to allow air to be exhausted from the air springs
and/or the reservoir as described previously Air Drier
• The valve protects the system from over-pressure
The air drier is an integral part of the air supply unit.
• It is connected into the main pressure gallery which
is subject to available system pressure in either the The air drier contains a desiccant which absorbs
air springs or the reservoir moisture contained in the air.
The valve is controlled by a spring which restricts the Pressurized air is passed through the air drier desiccant
maximum operating pressure to between 319 to 391 lb which removes any moisture in the compressed air
in² (22 to 27 bar). before it is passed to the reservoir and/or the air
suspension system.
The minimum pressure in the system is also controlled
by the exhaust valve to ensure that, even when deflated, When the air is exhausted from the system, the returning
the air springs contain a positive pressure of around 1.0 air is passed back through the air drier, regenerating the
bar (14.5 lb in²) with respect to atmosphere. air drier by removing moisture from the desiccant and
expelling it to atmosphere via the exhaust outlet.
This protects the air spring membrane by ensuring it
can still 'roll' over the piston without creasing. The air drier is an essential component in the system
ensuring that only dry air is present in the system.
Electric Motor If moist air is present in the system, freezing can occur,
resulting in poor system operation or component
The electric motor is a 12v dc motor with a nominal malfunction/failure.
operating voltage of 13.5v.

Air Reservoir
Reservoir Assembly
1. Front mounting bracket 3. Air harness connection to reservoir valve block
2. Reservoir 4. Rear mounting bracket
The maximum tested pressure of the reservoir is 35 bar

The reservoir is an air storage vessel which provides
(507 lb in²).
fast air suspension lift times by the immediate
availability of pressurized air into the system. The pump will cut in when the reservoir pressure drops
1.0 bar (14.5 lb in²) below the nominal pressure setting.
The reservoir is a steel fabrication and is located on the
outside of the left hand chassis rail, in front of the air
supply unit. Service Reservoirs
The reservoir has a bracket at each end which attach to
Reservoirs are supplied to service (and track) at
the body mounting brackets on the chassis.
atmospheric pressure, i.e. not pre-charged with a gas
The rearward end of the reservoir has a 'Voss' air fitting element of any kind .
which provides for the connection of the air hose
between the reservoir and the reservoir valve block.
The reservoir has a capacity of 9 liters (550 in³).
The nominal working pressure of the reservoir is 16.8

bar (243.6 lb in²), with a maximum nominal pressure
of 23 bar (333 lb in²).

Height Sensor Assemblies The sensors are connected via their harness connector
to the air suspension control module which receives the
Front - Height Sensor signal output from each sensor and, using
preprogrammed information, converts the signal to a
height for each sensor position.
Sensor Identification
The front and rear sensors are handed and are colored
coded for identification as follows:
• RH front and rear - black colored lever

• LH front and rear - white colored lever
Ite Description Rear - Height Sensor

m
1. Sensor body
2. Drop link
3. Lever arm
4. Electrical connection
Height Sensors
A height sensor is fitted in each corner of the vehicle to

monitor the ride height of the vehicle.
The sensor bodies are attached with screws to brackets

on the chassis rails.
Each sensor comprises a sensor body which contains a

single track rotary potentiometer, a lever arm and a drop
link.
The sensor lever arm has a drop link which provides

the connection between the sensor and the suspension
control arm.
The drop link is a serviceable component and is a push

fit to the lever arm and the suspension control arm.

Ite Description Once set, the calibration is not required to be performed

m unless one of the following occurs:
1. Drop link • Air suspension control module is removed or

replaced
2. Electrical connection
• Height sensor is removed or replaced
3. Sensor body • Suspension arm to which the sensor is connected is
4. Lever arm removed or replaced
If the removed height sensor is subsequently refitted,

the calibration procedure will have to be performed to
T4 Calibration
A calibration routine is performed using the T4 If a replacement drop link is fitted, recalibration is not
diagnostic unit. required providing the sensor body is not removed from
The position of each corner of the vehicle is recorded its mounting bracket.
and the result is recorded in to the ECU memory.
Air Intake Filter and Silencer
Air Intake Assembly
1. Exhaust to atmosphere 4. Exhaust air from air supply unit
2. Inlet and exhaust silencer 5. Air inlet supply to air supply unit
3. Air inlet filter

The air intake filter is connected via a pipe to the intake The air silencer is required to limit any noise produced
silencer chamber of the air silencer unit. from the air supply unit during inflation or deflation of
the air springs.
The filter is located inside the rear left hand corner of
the body, away from possible sources of dirt and The silencer comprises two plastic molded cans, which
moisture. are bonded together with a silencing foam filling the
large internal chamber which forms the exhaust silencer.
The filter contains a foam element which removes
particulate matter from the inlet air before it reaches the A pipe connection is molded onto each end of the
silencer or the air supply unit. silencer and provide for the attachment of the exhaust
air to atmosphere pipe and the exhaust air pipe from the
Pipe connections are molded onto each end of the intake
air supply unit.
silencer and provide for the attachment of the air inlet
pipe from the inlet air filter and the air inlet pipe to the
air supply unit.
Air Harness
Air Harness - Layout

Air Harness
1. Front axle valve block 12. Air harness - Main inlet
2. Air harness - Valve block to RHF air spring 13. LHR air spring and damper module
3. RHF air spring and damper module 14. Rear axle valve block
4. LHF air spring and damper module 15. Air harness - Reservoir supply to rear valve
block
5. Air harness - Reservoir supply to front 16. Air harness - Compressor air inlet
valve block
6. Air harness - Reservoir valve block to 17. Air harness - Compressor air exhaust
reservoir
7. Air harness - Exhaust air outlet 18. Air supply unit - Desiccant
8. RHR air spring and damper module 19. Air harness - Air supply unit to reservoir
valve block
9. Air harness - Valve block to RHR air spring 20. Reservoir valve block
10. Air silencer assembly 21. Reservoir
11. Air inlet filter 22. Air harness - Valve block to LHF air spring
Air Harness
Air Harness Diameters

PIPE PIPE DIAMETER
High pressure pipe 6 mm
Compressor inlet 8 mm
Air intake filter to silencer 8 mm
Compressor exhaust 10 mm
Silencer exhaust 19 mm
The diameters of the individual pipes are shown in the

The air harness consists of ten separate nylon pipes
table above for identification purposes.
which are connected between the system components
with Voss connectors. If a pipe becomes damaged, an in-line connector is
available for repair purposes.

The pipes are secured to the body and chassis via plastic Air harness Voss connectors can be reused if they are
retainer clips. not disturbed from the pipe.
Installing Voss connectors to components requires

Air Harness Service careful observation so as not to cross thread components.
Voss connectors should be replaced when a pipe is

removed and the old connector discarded.

System Control Schematic
Control Schematic

Control Schematic
1. Fuse 26E (20 amp) 12. Exhaust valve solenoid
2. Fusible link 11E (30 amp) 13. Air suspension control module
3. Ignition switch 14. Central Junction Box (CJB)
4. Fuse 35P (5 amp) 15. Reservoir control valve
5. Fusible link 10E (60 amp) 16. Air suspension control switch
6. Air supply unit relay 17. Front valve block
7. Fuse 3E (5 amp) 18. Rear valve block
8. Air supply unit 19. RHR height sensor
9. Compressor temperature sensor 20. LHR height sensor
10. Motor 21. RHF height sensor
11. Motor temperature sensor 22. LHF height sensor

Lesson 2 – Component Description 2006MY Range Rover (LM)

2006MY Range Rover (LM) Lesson 2 – Component Description
Component Review

Component Description
Item Description
1. Air suspension control switch
2. Reservoir
3. RHR damper
4. Rear valve block
5. RHR air spring
6. Reservoir valve block
7. Compressor assembly
8. LHR air spring
9. LHR damper
10. LHR height sensor
11. RHR height sensor
12. Air suspension control module
13. LHF strut assembly
14. LHF height sensor
15. Front valve block
16. RHF height sensor
17. RHF strut assembly
• Air supply unit

System Components • Air suspension control module
• Air supply pipes
The air suspension comprises the following:
• Air suspension control switch.
• Two front struts incorporating air springs
The air suspension system is controlled by the air
• Two rear air springs
suspension control module which is located adjacent to
• Front and rear valve blocks the central junction box (CJB), behind the instrument
• Reservoir valve block incorporating a pressure sensor panel.
• An air reservoir The control module is housed in a plastic bracket
• Four height sensors attached to the 'A' pillar.

Front and rear Valve Blocks
Item Description
A. Front valve block
B. Rear valve block
1. Air inlet /outlet to reservoir valve block (Yellow pipe)
2. RHF air spring harness connection (Blue pipe)
3. Isolation rubber mounts
4. Mounting bracket
5. Location slots
7. RHR air spring harness connection (Yellow pipe)
8. Air inlet /outlet to reservoir valve block (Yellow pipe)
9. LHR air spring harness connection (Black pipe)
10. LHF air spring harness connection (Black pipe)

Valve Blocks
Item Description
1. Air supply unit
3. Air harness connection to reservoir (Black pipe)
4. Air inlet /outlet to rear valve (Blue pipe)
5. Air inlet /outlet to front valve block (Blue pipe with white tape)
6. Air harness connection to air supply unit (Black pipe)
7. Pressure sensor

Front and rear Valve Blocks One connection is an air pressure inlet/outlet from the
reservoir valve block.
The front and rear valve blocks are similar in their
The remaining two connections provide the pressure
design and construction and control the air supply and
connections to the left and right hand air springs.
distribution to the front or rear pairs of air spring damper
modules respectively. Each valve block contains three solenoid operated
valves; two corner valves and one cross-link valve.
The difference between the two assemblies is the
connections from the valve block to the left and right Each of the valve solenoids is individually controlled
hand air spring damper modules and the valve size. by the air suspension control module.
It is important that the correct valve block is fitted to Reservoir Valve Block
the correct axle. The four way reservoir valve block is located in the air
Fitting the incorrect valve block will not stop the air supply unit sealed housing.
suspension system from functioning but will result in The valve block is attached to a bracket at the rear of
slow raise and lower times and uneven raising and the air supply unit on three attachment lugs which are
lowering between the front and rear axles and may result fitted with isolation rubber mounts.
in misleading DTC'S being set.
The front valve block: slots in the bracket and are pulled downwards into
This is attached to a bracket at the rear of the right hand positive location in the slots.
front wheel arch, behind the wheel arch liner. The valve block controls the storage and distribution of
The valve block has three attachment lugs which are air from the air supply unit and the reservoir and
fitted with isolation rubber mounts. contains an integral system pressure sensor.
Each rubber mount locates in a 'V' shaped slot in the The valve block has four air pipe connections which
bracket. use 'Voss' type air fittings.
The rear valve block: The connections provide for air supply from the air
supply unit, air supply to and from the reservoir and air
This is attached to a bracket at the top of the right hand
supply to and from the front and rear valve blocks.
rear wheel arch, behind the wheel arch liner and adjacent
to the fuel filler pipe. The connections from the air supply unit and the front
and rear control valves are all connected via a common
The valve block has three attachment lugs which are
gallery within the valve and therefore are all subject to
fitted with isolation rubber mounts which locate in the
the same air pressures.
bracket in three slotted holes.
The valve block contains a solenoid operated valve
which is controlled by the air suspension control
slots and are pulled downwards into positive location
module. The solenoid valve controls the pressure supply
in the slots.
to and from the reservoir.
The front and rear valve blocks:
When energized, the solenoid moves the valve spool
These both have three air pipe connections which use allowing air to pass to or from the reservoir.
'Voss' type air fittings.

The valve block also contains a pressure sensor which Item Description
can be used to measure the system air pressure in the
A. Output voltage (V)
air springs and the reservoir.
The pressure sensor is connected via a harness connector B. Pressure (kPa)

to the air suspension control module.
Removal of the reservoir valve block will require full
The control module provides a 5V reference voltage to depressurization of the air suspension system.
the pressure sensor and monitors the return signal
The valve block is a non-serviceable item and should
voltage from the sensor.
not be disassembled other than for replacement of the
Using this sensor, the control module controls the air pressure sensor.
supply unit operation and therefore limits the nominal
Valve Block Solenoid Specifications
system operating pressure to 17.5 bar (254 lbf/in).
Description Value
The following graph shows nominal pressure values
against sensor output voltage. Coil resistance at 2.05 Ohms ± 10%
20°C (68°F)
NOTE: Resistance values will vary with coil

temperature. Resistance of test leads must be measured
before any readings are taken. Resistance value of the
test leads must be subtracted from final solenoid
resistance value.

Air Supply Unit
Item Description
1. Cover
2. Motor electrical connector
4. Pilot air pipe
5. Secondary silencer

Item Description
6. Air drier
7. Base plate
8. Rubber mounts
9. Exhaust valve
10. Intake pipe
11. Exhaust silencer
12. Air harness to front valve block
13. Air harness to reservoir
14. Air harness to rear valve block
15. Secondary silencer
16. Pilot exhaust valve
17. Solenoid and sensors electrical connection
Incorrect fitment will allow water to enter the wheel

The air supply unit fitted from 2006MY is an improved
well leading to possible damage to and failure of the air
unit providing quieter operation.
supply unit.
Two silencer units are incorporated into the unit
The unit comprises a piston compressor, a 12V electric
assembly to reduce operating noise.
motor, a solenoid operated exhaust pilot valve, a
The air supply unit is located in a housing which is pressure relief valve, an air drier unit and two silencers.
mounted in the spare wheel well and secured with four
The electric motor, compressor, air drier and pressure
bolts into threaded inserts to the vehicle floorpan.
limiting and exhaust valve are mounted on a frame
The unit is isolated from the vehicle body via four which in turn is mounted on flexible rubber mountings
rubber isolation mounts. to reduce operating noise.
The reservoir valve block is also located within the The unit is mounted on a pressed base plate which is
housing on a separate bracket at the rear of the unit. located on the floor of the wheel well.
The unit is connected to the system via a single air pipe The unit is protected by a pressed cover which is lined
to the reservoir valve block. with an insulating foam further limiting the operating
Three air pipes from the reservoir valve block pass noise.
through an aperture in the unit housing and through a The air supply unit can be serviced in the event of
grommet in the wheel well. It is important to ensure that component failure, but is limited to the following
this grommet is not disturbed and correctly installed. components; air drier, pilot exhaust pipe and the rubber
mounts.

Removal of the air supply unit does not require the There are a number of conditions that will inhibit
whole air suspension system to be depressurized. operation of the air supply unit.
The front and rear valve blocks and the reservoir valve It is vitally important that these system inhibits are not
block are normally closed when de-energized, confused with a system malfunction.
preventing air pressure in the air springs and the A full list of air supply unit inhibits are given in the air
reservoir escaping when the unit is disconnected. suspension control module section in this chapter.
Item Description
1. Exhaust valve cap
2. Plunger
3. Valve seat
4. Intake silencer port
5. Delivery valve
6. Valve guide
7. Cylinder head
8. Drier case

Item Description
9. Desiccant
10. Pilot air pipe
11. Isolation rubber mounts
12. Motor assembly
13. Crankcase
14. Crank
15. Crankcase cover
16. Connecting rod
17. Piston
19. Spring - slave valve (pressure relief)
Electric Motor Motor Operating Temperatures
The electric motor is a 12V dc motor with a nominal Leveling Reservoir Filling
operating voltage of 13.5V. OFF 140°C 130°C (266°C)
The motor drives a crank which has an eccentric pin to (284°F)
which the compressor connecting rod is attached. ON 120°C 110°C (230°F)
The motor is fitted with a temperature sensor on the (248°F)
brush Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly.
The following graph shows motor temperature sensor
The sensor is connected to the air suspension control resistance values against given temperatures.
module which monitors the motor temperature and can
NOTE: This graph is also applicable for the compressor
suspend motor operation if the operating thresholds are
cylinder head temperature sensor.
exceeded.
The following table shows the control module operating

parameters for the differing air supply unit functions
and the allowed motor operating temperatures.

Brush Temperature and Resistance
Item Description
A. Resistance (kOhms)
B. Temperature (°C)
NOTE: This graph is also applicable for the compressor

The following graph shows air suspension control
cylinder head temperature sensor.
module output voltages against motor temperature
sensor temperatures.

Compressor Temperature and Sensor Voltage
Item Description
A. Control module input voltage (V)
B. Temperature sensor (°C)
The air in the cylinder is compressed with the up stroke

Compressor
and is passed via the delivery valve through the air drier
The compressor is used to supply air pressure to the air and the silencers into the system.
suspension reservoir.
The cylinder head is fitted with a temperature sensor.
The air suspension control module monitors the pressure
The sensor is connected to the air suspension control
within the reservoir and, when the engine is running,
module which monitors the cylinder temperature and
maintains a pressure of 17.5 bar (254 lbf/in).
can suspend motor and compressor operation if an
The compressor comprises a motor driven connecting overheat condition occurs.
rod and piston which operate in a cylinder with a
The following table shows the control module operating
separate cylinder head.
parameters for the differing air supply unit functions
The motor rotates the crank moving the piston up and and the allowed compressor cylinder head operating
down in the cylinder bore. temperatures.

Compressor Cylinder Head Operating Temperatures When the solenoid is energized, pilot air moves the
Leveling Reservoir Filling exhaust valve plunger, allowing pressurized air from
the air springs and/or the reservoir to pass through the
OFF 150°C (302°F) 140°C (284°C)
air drier to atmosphere.
ON 130°C (266°F) 120°C (248°F) Exhaust Valve
Refer to the motor temperature sensor graph for The exhaust valve operates when the pilot exhaust valve
compressor cylinder head temperature sensor resistance is opened, allowing air returning from the air springs
values and the air suspension control module output and/or the reservoir to be exhausted quickly.
voltage / temperature sensor graph. The pilot exhaust valve also provides the system
Air Drier pressure relief function which protects the air springs
from over inflation.
Attached to the compressor is the air drier which
contains a desiccant for removing moisture from the The valve is pneumatically operated, responding to air
compressed air. pressure applied to it to overcome pressure from its
internal spring.
Pressurized air is passed through the air drier which
removes any moisture in the compressed air before it is The valve is connected into the main pressure gallery
passed into the reservoir and/or the system. which is always subject to the system pressure available
in either the air springs or the reservoir.
When the air springs are deflated, the exhaust air also
passes through the air drier, removing the moisture from The valve is controlled by a spring which restricts the
the unit and regenerating the desiccant. maximum operating pressure to between 22 to 27 bar
(319 to 391 lbf/in).
The air drier is an essential component in the system
ensuring that only dry air is present in the system. The minimum pressure in the system is also controlled
by the exhaust valve to ensure that, even when deflated,
If moist air is present, freezing can occur resulting in
the air springs contain a positive pressure with respect
poor system operation or component malfunction or
to atmosphere.
failure.
This protects the air spring by ensuring it can still 'roll'
Pilot Exhaust Valve
over the piston without creasing.
Attached to the end of the air drier unit is a solenoid
operated exhaust pilot valve. Air Supply Unit Specifications
Description Value
This valve is opened when the air springs are to be
deflated. Working pressure 14.5 bar
The pilot exhaust valve is connected to the air delivery Maximum pressure 22.0 to 27.0 bar
gallery, downstream of the air drier. (stabilized)
The pilot valve, when opened, operates the compressor Operating voltage 10 to 16.5 Volts (13.5
exhaust valve allowing the air springs to be deflated. Volts nominal)

Description Value NOTE: Resistance values will vary with coil

temperature. Resistance of test leads must be measured
Running current 20-50 Amps depending on
before any readings are taken. Resistance value of the
consumption load
test leads must be subtracted from final solenoid
Maximum start-up current 120 Amps resistance value.
Pilot Exhaust Valve - 4 Ohms ± 10% There are a number of conditions that will inhibit
Solenoid valve resistance operation of the air suspension compressor.
at 20°C (68°F) It is vitally important that these inhibits are not confused
with a system malfunction.
A full list of compressor inhibits is contained in the

Principles of Operation section.
Reservoir

Item Description
1. Reservoir mounting screw - front
2. Reservoir mounting screw - rear
3. Reservoir
The rearward end of the reservoir has a 'Voss' air fitting

The reservoir is an air storage vessel which provides
which provides for the connection of the air hose
fast air suspension lift times by the immediate
between the reservoir and the reservoir valve block.
availability of pressurized air into the system.
The reservoir has a capacity of 10.2 liters (622 in).
The reservoir is located under the RH sill of the vehicle
and is fabricated from steel and secured with four bolts The nominal working pressure of the reservoir is 14.4
to the underside of the vehicle. to 15.5 bar (209 to 224 lbf/in), with a maximum pressure
of 22 bar (319 lbf/in).
The reservoir supplies pressurized air to the four air
springs, via the valve blocks, to enable the air
suspension system to carry out ride height changes.
Height Sensors
Item Description
1. Front sensor bracket
2. Fixings
3. Rear sensor bracket

Item Description
5. Sensor
6. Lever arm and drop link
7. Securing nut
The height sensors are attached to brackets on the

A height sensor is fitted in each corner of the vehicle to
subframes and are connected to the lower arms by links.
monitor the ride height of the vehicle.
The links allow articulation of the arm to allow for
The sensors are mounted on the front and rear
suspension travel.
subframes, with a mechanical link to the suspension
lower arms. Each sensor is connected by a six pin multiplug.
There are four different types of sensor fitted. The front and rear sensor drop links are serviceable
items.
The front and rear sensors are handed and are colored
coded for identification as follows: Each sensor comprises a sensor body which contains a
single track rotary potentiometer, a lever arm and a drop
• Right hand front and rear - black colored lever
link.
• Left hand front and rear - white colored lever
The sensor is supplied with a reference voltage from
If a height sensor is removed from its mounting position
the air suspension control module which measures the
for servicing or replacement , T4 must be used to
returned voltage to determine the sensor arm position.
re-calibrate the system.
Calibration will also be required if the suspension arm

Front Height Sensor
to which the sensor is connected is removed or replaced
or if a replacement drop link is fitted. On the front height sensors the voltage decreases as the
A calibration routine is performed using T4 to read the vehicle height increases. On the rear sensors the voltage
position of each corner of the vehicle and record the increases as the vehicle height increases.
settings in the control module memory. The sensors can be checked by applying 5V across the
Once set, the calibration is not required to be performed positive and negative terminals and measuring output
unless the air suspension control module is removed or signal which should be a nominal 57mV ± 3% per
replaced, a height sensor is removed or replaced or a degree of sensor arm movement.
suspension arm to which the sensor is connected is The following graph shows the vehicle height
removed or replaced. displacement from normal against output voltage for
If the removed height sensor is subsequently refitted, the front height sensors.
the calibration procedure will have to be performed to The center line represents the "nominal" condition but
ensure the integrity of the system. depending on tolerances, the actual line may lie
anywhere between the upper and lower lines.

Item Description
A. Volts (V)
B. Displacement from normal height (mm)

The center line represents the "nominal" condition but
depending on tolerances, the actual line may lie
Rear Height Sensor
anywhere between the upper and lower lines.
The following graph shows the vehicle height
displacement from normal against output voltage for
the rear height sensors.

Item Description
A. Volts (V)
B. Displacement from normal height (mm)

Air Springs
Item Description
1. Cover
2. Seal plate
3. Securing nut
4. Front air spring
5. Air pipe connection
6. Rear air spring
As the air spring is compressed, the rubber material

The air springs on the front and rear suspension are
compresses and rolls down the side of the vertical
similar in construction.
housing (piston) below the spring.
The air springs are manufactured from a flexible rubber
An air connection port is located on the top of each
and each air spring forms an air tight cavity which
spring and allows air to be added or removed from each
provides the required spring rate for each corner of the
spring.
vehicle.

The port is connected via a Voss connector and a plastic When servicing of an air spring or a full system
tube to the valve block on the reservoir. depressurization is required, the weight of the vehicle
must be supported before the system is depressurized.
Replacement of an individual air spring does not require
a full depressurization of the air suspension system. On reassembly, the air spring must be fully pressurized
before the weight of the vehicle is applied to it.
Only the corner concerned need be depressurized.
This is achieved using a routine in T4.
Air Harness
Item Description
1. Main harness
2. Rear valve block to LHR air spring
3. Rear valve block to RHR air spring
4. Front valve block to LHF air spring
5. Front valve block to RHF air spring

The system is interconnected via 6 mm diameter blue, If the vehicle appears to be leaking, perform a leak check
yellow and black colored nylon pipes. on all aspects of the system, i.e.; air spring hose fittings
and the associated connections on the valve blocks, air
The yellow pipes denote the right hand side and the
springs and reservoir.
black pipes denote the left hand side.
Failure to correctly diagnose leakage will result in
Blue colored pipes are used to show the pipes which
unnecessary exchange of serviceable components and
connect the front and rear valve blocks to the reservoir
recurrence of original problem.
valve.
The air harness comprises a main harness which is

located along the full length of the vehicle and connects Air Suspension Control Module
the reservoir valve block to the front and rear valve
The air suspension system fitted to Range Rover is
blocks and the reservoir and four separate harnesses
controlled by the air suspension control module which
which are used to connect each valve block to the air
is located adjacent to the passenger compartment
springs.
fusebox, behind the instrument panel.
The pipes are attached to the subframes and vehicle
The control module is housed in a plastic bracket
body with clips.
attached to the 'A' pillar.
To ensure that the correct routing is maintained, the
The control module monitors the height of each corner
pipes have timing marks which align with various clip
of the vehicle via four height sensors, which are
positions.
mounted in-board of each road wheel.
The timing marks are in the form of a white band around
The control module has the following modes of
the pipe, indicating the clip position.
operation:
If the correct routing is not achieved, unnecessary
• Calibration
tension at the pipe joints will occur resulting in possible
• Normal
early failure.
• Periodic Wake-Up.
If a pipe becomes damaged, an in-line connector is
available for repair purposes. When a new air suspension control module is fitted, the
air suspension system will not function until the air
The pipes are secured to the body and the chassis with
suspension software is loaded and the system calibrated
a number of plastic clips.
with T4.
Leak Detection
Module Calibration
Leak detection can be carried out using a Land Rover
A calibration routine is performed using T4 to access
approved leak detection spray.
the position of each corner of the vehicle and record the
Leak detection spray part number: STC 1090 (GOTEC settings in the control module memory.
LDS).
Once set, the calibration is not required to be performed
unless any of the following occurs:
The air suspension control module is removed or

replaced.

A height sensor or bracket is removed, replaced or Wake-Up Mode

disturbed.
When the vehicle is parked, the air suspension control
The suspension arm to which the sensor is connected is
module 'wakes up' two hours after the ignition was last
removed or replaced.
switched off and then once every six hours thereafter.
If the removed height sensor is subsequently refitted,
The vehicle height is checked and if the vehicle is not
the calibration procedure will have to be performed to
level within a pre-set tolerance, small downwards height
adjustments may be made automatically.
If the air supply unit, the reservoir, a valve block, a
damper module or the air harness is removed or
replaced, the system will not require recalibration.
Air Suspension Control Module Harness Connectors
Item Description
2. Connector C2321
3. Connector C2030
4. Connector C2320
5. Connector C0867

Connector C2030
Pin No. Description Input/Output
1 Rear control valve - Cross link valve - Positive (+) Output
2 Not used -
3 Not used -
4 Not used -
5 Air supply unit - Motor temperature sensor signal Input
6 Not used -
7 Air supply unit - Motor temperature sensor - Ground Input
8 Not used -
9 Switch pack display - Height change LED Output
10 Switch pack display - On-road mode LED Output
11 Rear control valve - Cross link valve - Negative (-) Input
12 to 14 Not used -
15 Gateway wake-up signal Output
16 Not used -
17 Switch pack display - Crawl mode LED Output
18 Switch pack display - Access mode LED Output
19 Driver door module access switch Input
20 Switch pack - Raise switch signal Input
Connector C2320
1 Air supply unit voltage signal input from air supply unit Input
relay
2 Reservoir control valve - Pressure sensor - 5 Volt supply Output
3 Reservoir control valve - Pressure sensor - Signal Input
4 Reservoir control valve - Pressure sensor - Ground Input

5 Air supply unit - Exhaust valve - Negative (-) Input
6 Air supply unit - Exhaust valve - Positive (+) Output
7 and 8 Not used -
Connector C2321
1 12V Permanent battery supply Input
2 Compressor temperature sensor - Signal Input
3 Front LH height sensor - 5 Volt supply Output
4 Front LH height sensor - Signal Input
5 Front LH height sensor - Ground Input
6 Air supply unit relay coil - Positive Output
7 Air supply unit relay coil - Ground Input
8 Reservoir control valve coil - Positive (+) Output
9 Front control valve - RH corner valve - Negative (-) Input
10 Front control valve - RH corner valve - Positive (+) Output
11 Front control valve - LH corner valve - Negative (-) Input
12 Front control valve - LH corner valve - Positive (+) Output
13 Switch pack - Hold switch signal Input
14 Front RH height sensor - 5V supply Output
15 Front RH height sensor - Signal Input
16 Front RH height sensor - Ground Input
17 Compressor temperature sensor - Ground Input
18 to 20 Not used -
21 Reservoir control valve coil - Negative (-) Input
22 Front control valve - cross link valve - Positive (+) Output
23 Front control valve - cross link valve - Negative (-) Input
24 Permanent ground supply Input

Connector C0867
1 Rear control valve - LH corner valve positive (+) Output
2 Rear control valve - LH corner valve negative (-) Input
3 Not used -
4 Switch pack - Lower switch signal Input
5 Rear LH height sensor - 5 Volt supply Output
6 Rear LH height sensor - Signal Input
7 Rear LH height sensor - Ground Input
8 Rear RH height sensor - 5 Volt supply Output
9 Rear RH height sensor - Signal Input
10 Rear RH height sensor - Ground Input
11 Rear control valve - RH corner valve positive (+) Output
12 Rear control valve - RH corner valve negative (-) Input
13 Air suspension control - GEM signal (wake-up) Input
14 Switch pack display - LED negative Input
15 Switch pack display - off-road mode LED Output
16 CAN IN positive (+) - High Input
17 and 18 Not used -
19 CAN IN negative (-) - Low Input
20 12 Volt ignition switch supply Input

Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation Objectives

• Describe the principles of air suspension operation
• Operate the system control switches to obtain the desired vehicle condition fit for the purpose.

Range Rover (LP) Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation
RANGE ROVER (LP)
System Control • Height control switch

• Inhibit switch
All driver related controls are situated in the center of
the fascia. The height control is a rocker type switch used by the
driver to select the required vehicle ride height.
Control Switch Panel
Height Changes
NOTE: The vehicle will not respond to switch inputs

until the switch is released.
All changes to vehicle ride heights are indicated to the

driver by the ride height indicator lamps located next
to the switch.
The inhibit switch is a mechanical latching switch and

is used to modify the automatic ride height system
changes.
Switch Panel
The switch panel consists of the following:

Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation Range Rover (LP)
Selection of the inhibit switch function is indicated to With the ignition key turned to position 2, all four
the driver by the illumination of a tell-tale LED located indicator lamps, the air suspension warning light and
in the switch. the inhibit switch lamp will be illuminated continuously.
The LED is bulb tested with the ride height indicator When the engine is started, the lights will remain
lamp. illuminated for 2 seconds, after which the current ride
height setting will be displayed.
Indicator Lamps Two indicator lights will illuminate when the vehicle
is between ride heights, with the selected ride height
Between the height control rocker switch and the lamp flashing.
latching inhibit switch is the indicator warning lamp
When the selected height is achieved the indicator lamp
panel.
will be illuminated constantly and the previously
This panel has the following indicator lamps: selected ride height indicator lamp will be extinguished.
• High profile The inhibit lamp is illuminated while it is activated, i.e.
• Standard height inhibit switch latched results in the LED being
• Low profile switched-on.
• Access mode Both switches are illuminated with the side light
Two other driver indicator lamps are: switched on.
• Instrument warning lamp Additional driver information is provided by the

message center in the instrument cluster.
• Inhibit mode tell-tale light
Instrument Cluster Warning

Indicator and Tell-Tale
An amber air suspension warning lamp is located in the
Indicator & Tell-Tale Lamps
instrument cluster.

Instrument Cluster
The warning lamp will be constantly illuminated when • Low ride height
driving at high ride height profile and will flash when • Access height with Crawl mode
the vehicle is at extended ride height.
Height Settings
The lamp will also illuminate when a fault within the
air suspension system has been detected.
A bulb check function is provided when the ignition is

turned to position 2, and for 2 seconds after the engine
is started.
Height Profile Description
Electronic Air Suspension (EAS) provides five different

height settings, including an 'Access' mode.
These settings when chosen will either increase or
Ride Heights Available
decrease the vehicle ride height to ground clearance to
• Extended ride height
cope with the differing driving conditions.
• High ride height
• Standard ride height

EAS Inhibits Maintaining the vehicle ride height under all load
conditions assists in maintaining correct headlamp
Requested ride height changes will NOT take place if leveling.
any of the following are active:
• Tailgate open Low Ride Height Description

• Any door open
Low ride height is automatically selected when the
• Foot brake continuously applied for less than 3
vehicle speed exceeds 50 mph (80 km/h) for at least 30
minutes
seconds with the inhibit switch in the off position
• Engine not running
(un-latched).
The engine not running inhibit has an exception for
Access height selection within 40 seconds of switching Low Height Symbol
the ignition off.
WARNING: Frequent changes between ride

height could cause the air supply compressor
to overheat.
NOTE: If the compressor overheats, the system will The low ride height indicator will flash during the height
cease activity and will resume full operational status change and the standard ride height indicator will
again within a few minutes once the compressor has extinguish when the low ride height profile has been
cooled. attained.
If Access mode is required, ensure the handbrake is Standard ride height is automatically selected when the
applied and select 'P' for automatic transmissions vehicle speed drops below 35 mph (56 km/h) for at least
variants. 30 seconds with the inhibit switch in the off position
(un-latched).
Standard Ride Height The driver can select low ride height at any speed.
With the vehicle at the low ride height setting,

With the inhibit switch in the off position (un-latched)
depressing the inhibit switch (latched) will result in the
and at speeds below 50 mph (80 km/h) the standard ride
vehicle maintaining ride height regardless of speed.
height indicator will be illuminated.
Standard Height Symbol Access Ride Height
This feature is used to make access to and from the

vehicle much easier.
Access Ride Height Symbol
The standard vehicle ride height will be maintained

under all load conditions.

A number of conditions need to be completed in order The standard indicator lamp will flash during the height
to permit the vehicle to descend in to access mode. change.
The following are conditions that need to be met: When standard ride height is attained the indicator will
remain constantly illuminated and the access indicator
• Vehicle stationary
lamp will be extinguished.
• Doors closed
• Tailgate closed
Crawl Mode
• Park brake applied
• Foot brake released In areas where height is restricted, the vehicle may be
• Park selected (automatics) driven in access mode, however this mode is then
• Switch pressed down and released renamed crawl mode.
While the vehicle is descending, the access indicator Crawl (Access) Mode Symbol
lamp will flash.
When access mode is attained, the indicator lamp will

remain constantly illuminated.
The standard ride height lamp will be extinguished.

To achieve crawl mode ensure the inhibit switch is
Access mode can be selected up to 40 seconds before
un-latched and select access mode.
stopping the vehicle, i.e. approaching residential
driveway in readiness to stop and park the vehicle. When access ride height is achieved, press the inhibit
switch.
NOTE: It is possible to select access mode up to 40
seconds after switching the engine off. The inhibit switch indicator will be illuminated to show
it has been selected.
NOTE: Opening a door or tailgate will immediately
stop the vehicle height changes. The message center in the instrument pack will beep
three times and display 'EAS MANUAL'.
When the door is closed, the height change will then
be completed. The vehicle may now be driven at speeds up to 20 mph
(32 km/h).
If the door is opened for more than 30 seconds, the
system will need reminding of the required height If the vehicle is accelerated to 10 mph (16 km/h), the
when the door or tailgate is closed. message center will beep three times and display 'SLOW
20 MPH MAX'.
On stopping the vehicle, applying the park brake,
releasing the foot brake and selecting park (automatics), If the vehicle speed exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h), the
the vehicle will lower to the requested access mode ride vehicle will rise to low profile, with low warning
height. flashing.
Driving the vehicle will result in an automatic return to On slowing down to 20 mph (32 km/h), the vehicle will
standard ride height. lower to access mode height with the access warning
indicator illuminated.
Alternatively standard ride height can be achieved by
closing all doors, starting engine and pressing the up
switch.

When the vehicle speed falls below 5 mph (8 km/h), the High Lock mode is indicated by the warning LED's
message center will beep three times and display 'EAS flashing in sequence from the bottom upwards.
MANUAL'. The T4 diagnostic equipment is required to activate and
To cancel Crawl Mode, release the inhibit switch or deactivate 'High Lock' mode.
depress the up switch.
Extended Ride Height

High Ride Height
This mode is activated if the chassis is grounded leaving
This mode is used to improve approach and departure a wheel or wheels unsupported.
angles and also to improve the characteristics of the
Extended Height Symbol
vehicle when wading.
High Mode Symbol
The first initial ECU reaction is to lower (deflate) the

affected air springs.
When at standard ride height, pressing the up switch After a timed duration, if the ECU has not detected a
will select the High Ride Height profile providing the height change, it will re-inflate the air springs to an
vehicle road speed is below 35 mph (56 km/h). extended height in an attempt to regain traction.
The high ride height indicator lamp will flash during This position will be held for 10 minutes, after which
the height change. the vehicle will automatically return to standard ride
When the change is complete the indicator lamp will height.
remain constantly illuminated, and the standard ride
WARNING: If the vehicle speed exceeds 35 mph
height indicator lamp will be extinguished.
(56 km/h), the vehicle will immediately lower
The amber air suspension indicator lamp in the to the standard ride height position.
instrument pack will also be illuminated.
This speed could be achieved for example by a wheel
If the road speed exceeds 35 mph (56 km/h), the vehicle spin type conditions.
will return to the standard ride height profile.
Alternatively, pressing the ride level control switch
down will lower the vehicle 20 mm to the high profile
High Lock Mode height.
The vehicle can be placed in to a safety condition,

Transportation Review
known as 'High Lock' mode.
High Lock mode permits the vehicle to be worked on Vehicles leaving the factory are transported with the
without the system operating. EAS system electronically frozen in the access mode
Thus making the vehicle safe to work on, i.e. the system condition.
locks out the controls etc.

When the road speed exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h), the PRECAUTION:
vehicle will rise to Low Ride Height. To prevent this occurrence from happening the ride
It will return to access mode height if the speed falls height should be set to access mode before securing to
below 24 mph (38 km/h). the transporter.
This condition is cancelled at the PDI (Pre Delivery NOTE: If the engine cannot be run and the vehicle is
Inspection) stage by entering the appropriate commands not in access mode, the vehicle can still be transported.
using the T4 diagnostic equipment. However, the vehicle must be secured to the
WARNING: transporter by the road wheels and not the chassis
lashing eyes.
When an air suspension vehicle is secured to a
transporter using the chassis lashing eyes, there is a As an indication that the vehicle is in Transportation
possibility that the securing strap tension could be lost. mode, the LED's flash in sequence from the top
downwards.
This is due to the following conditions occurring:
Transportation mode can be activated and deactivated
• Air leakage
only by the T4 diagnostic equipment.
• Self-leveling operation
• Operation of the ride height controls

EAS System Review
Air Suspension Schematic
EAS Operating Review For air to enter an air spring (10), the inlet valve (7)
must be energized together with the relevant air spring
Air is drawn in through the compressor inlet filter (1) solenoid (9).
to the compressor (2), where it is compressed to 10 bar
For air to be exhausted from an air spring (10), exhaust
(145 psi).
valve (8) must be energized together with the relevant
Compressed air passes to the air drier unit (3) where air spring solenoid (9). All exhausted air passes through
moisture is removed as it flows through the desiccant. the air drier unit which purges moisture from the
Dried air passes through non-return valve NRV1 to the desiccant and regenerates the drier.
air supply reservoir (4). Air is finally exhausted through an air operated
The 3 non-return valves: NRV1, NRV2 and NRV3 (6) diaphragm valve (12) to atmosphere via a silencer (13)
are used to ensure correct air flow. These non-return mounted below the valve block assembly.
valves also prevent loss of spring air pressure if a total A pressure relief valve (11) is fitted and can be identified
loss of reservoir pressure occurs. by its brass color and its location next to the green
The green pressure switch (5) maintains system pressure pressure switch (5) on the valve block.
between set limits by switching the compressor on and
off via an ECU controlled relay.

Range Rover (LM) Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation
RANGE ROVER (LM)

Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation Range Rover (LM)
System Control
Air Suspension ECU
The air suspension ECU monitors the vehicle ride height

through the use of four non contact type Hall effect Normal Mode
height sensors up to VIN 174107 and from VIN 174108,
The air suspension ECU will enter normal mode when
four single track potentiometer type sensors.
it receives a 'wake-up' signal from the Body Control
The ECU has three modes of operation: Unit (BCU).
• Normal The BCU, located under the passenger front seat will
• Periodic wake-up provide the 'wake-up' signal when the following occurs:
• Transportation • A door is opened
When a service replacement air suspension ECU is • Vehicle is remote unlocked
fitted, the air suspension system will not function until • The ignition is switched on
configured with T4 diagnostic equipment.
The BCU will continue to supply the 'wake-up' signal
for 15 minutes after the ignition is switched off.

The air suspension ECU will then remain active for a If the air pressure is less than 9 bar (130 psi) the
further 10–15 seconds to enable any new data to be compressor is used for height changes.
written to its Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Filling of the reservoir remains inhibited as per ignition
Only Memory (EEPROM). off status.
System Wake-Up Periodic 'wake-up' Mode

If the BCU has supplied a 'wake-up' signal, but the When the 'wake-up' signal is removed by the BCU, the
ignition is in the off position, the air suspension ECU air suspension ECU powers down.
will enter an Inactive Mode.
The air suspension ECU will wake-up approximately
Under these circumstances, air suspension functionality every six hours and level the vehicle height if required.
is reduced.
The air suspension ECU will determine which corner
However, the air suspension ECU will continue to is lowest and adjust the remaining corners to the same
monitor vehicle ride height and make any necessary
level.
adjustments.
This action takes approximately 6–10 seconds to
All ride height selections made by the rotary switch will perform.
be ignored and therefore the ECU will not illuminate
The air suspension ECU will then remain active for
the LED's or allow the compressor to fill the reservoir.
further 10–15 seconds to enable any new data to be
However, if the pressure in the air reservoir falls below written to its EEPROM.
9 bar (130 psi) the ECU will power the compressor to
NOTE: The air suspension ECU will not raise the
raise the vehicle to the current height.
vehicle during the wake-up mode.
If the air suspension ECU fails to level the vehicle, i.e.

Ignition On
an obstruction beneath the vehicle for example, the
If the ignition is switched on but the engine is not periodic 'wake-up' mode will be suspended until the air
running, the air suspension ECU will continue to suspension ECU receives a 'wake-up' signal from the
monitor vehicle ride height and make any necessary BCU.
adjustments.
Downward ride height selections made via the rotary Transportation Mode
switch will be accepted, and the LED's will illuminate
To enable the vehicle to be delivered safely from the
as normal.
factory to the dealership, the air suspension system is
Upward ride height selections made via the rotary set in transportation mode.
control switch will be rejected, but the ECU will allow
When the engine is running, the ride height will be set
the vehicle height to increase to return the vehicle to
at 'Transportation High', (this is the same as standard
the current ride height, e.g. if a load has been added to
ride height).
the vehicle.
All four LED's will illuminate in a sequence being at
These height changes are made using the air suspension
the top and travel downwards to indicate that Transport
reservoir providing the available air pressure is more
mode is active.
than 9 bar (130 psi).

When the engine is not running, the air suspension ECU When the ride height is at 'Transportation Low' the
will drop the ride height by 60 mm to 'Transportation vehicle can be lashed to a transporter, without the risk
Low'. of straps loosening due to ride height lowering.
Transportation Low is 20 mm below access mode at

680 mm
Vehicle Height Table

Speed Height Mode Vehicle Height Comments
<31 mph (49 km/h) Off-Road Height Front 800 mm Fronts up 60 mm

Rear 790 mm Rears up 50 mm
Standard Height 740 mm Also used for Transport High Mode
>62 mph (>99 km/h) Motor way Height 720 mm Reduction of 20 mm from Standard
Ride Height (this is also the Default
Ride Height)
Access Height 700 mm Reduction of 40 mm from Standard

Ride Height
Transport High 740 mm Same as Standard Ride Height
Transport Low 680 mm Reduction of 60 mm from Standard

Ride Height

ECU Harness Connectors
ECU Connectors
NOTES:
Pin Out Information Chart
DO NOT BACK PROBE SEALED CONNECTORS OR PIERCE WIRING INSULATION TO TAKE

ANY VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT READINGS
Pin Out Data - C0867

Pin No Description Input or Output Voltage Reading
1 Not used - -
2 CAN bus 'high' Input/Output 2.5v
3 Control switch up selection Input 12v /0v
4 Control switch hold selection Input 12v /0v

5 Control switch Motor way ride height Output 4.0v /1.4v

LED
6 RHF corner valve control Input Gnd
7 RHF and LHF corner valves power Output 12v

supply
8 LHF corner valve control Input Gnd
9 RHR corner valve control Input Gnd
10 RHR and LHR corner valve power Output 12v

supply
11 LHR corner valve control Input Gnd
12 Reservoir control valve Input Gnd
13 Reservoir valve power supply Output 12v
14 Exhaust pilot valve power supply Output 12v
15 Exhaust pilot valve control Ground Gnd
16 Air suspension relay control Output 12v
17 High pressure exhaust valve power Output 12v

supply
18 Not used Not used Not used
20 CAN bus 'low' Input/Output 2.5v
21 Control switch down selection Input 12v /0v
22 Control switch off-road ride height Output 4.0v /1.4v

LED
23 Control switch access ride height Output 4.0v /1.4v

LED
24 RHF height sensor signal Input 0.5v /4.5v
25 LHF height sensor signal Input 0.5v /4.5v
26 RHR height sensor signal Input 0.5v /4.5v
27 LHR height sensor signal Input 0.5v /4.5v

28 Air pressure sensor signal Input 0.5v /4.5v
31 Temperature sensor Output 12v O/C (3.6v @ 22°C)
32 LHF height sensor power supply Output 5v
33 RHF height sensor power supply Output 5v
34 Air pressure sensor power supply Output 5v
35 High pressure exhaust valve control Ground Gnd
37 'K' bus Input/Output 12v
38 Wake-Up signal Input 12v /0v (time period)
39 Ride height switch (driver's door Input 12v /0v

module)
40 Control switch standard ride height Output 4.0v /1.4v

LED
41 Control switch inhibit LED illumina- Output 4.0v /1.4v

tion
42 RHF height sensor ground Ground Gnd
43 LHF height sensor ground Ground Gnd
44 RHR height sensor ground Ground Gnd
45 LHR height sensor ground Ground Gnd
46 Air pressure sensor ground Ground Gnd
49 Temperature sensor ground Ground Gnd
50 RHR height sensor power supply Output 5v
51 LHR height sensor power supply Output 5v
52 Gnd Gnd Gnd

Pin Out Information Chart
Pin Out Data - C2030

2 Front cross link valve ground Ground Gnd
3 Rear cross link valve ground Ground Gnd
5 Ground Ground Gnd
7 Rear cross link power supply Output 12v
8 Front cross link power supply Output 2v
10 Battery power supply Input 12v

Operating Modes
Control Switch
Item Description
1. Ride height selector
2. Ride height selector indicator panel
3. Suspension inhibit switch
4. Drivers door Access Switch

Modes of Operation Standard Height
The air suspension ECU is able to provide four different Standard ride height '740 mm' is used during the
ride height settings: majority of driving conditions.
• Off-Road This setting is used as a datum point for all the

• Standard remaining ride heights, and is defined as '0 mm'.
• Motorway All other ride height settings are described as above or

• Access below this setting.
The ride heights are selected via the rotary control The standard ride height setting can be active at any
switch mounted on the center console. vehicle speed.
Rotating the switch upwards or downwards selects a Access or off-road ride height can be selected from the
different ride height, providing all the outlined required standard ride height using the rotary control or the
criteria have been met. driver's door module access switch.
The center of the rotary switch contains the 'Inhibit/Hold' When the vehicle is in standard ride height, the
switch. 'Inhibit/Hold' switch can be selected.
The 'Inhibit/Hold' switch prevents the air suspension The use of this switch prevents automatic height changes
ECU from automatically changing from the currently from taking place and disables manual height changes
selected ride height. until the 'Inhibit/Hold' switch is de-selected.
If a height change is selected with the 'Inhibit/Hold'

LED Illumination function active, the standard ride height LED will flash.
When towing, the electrical connection of the trailer

Next to the rotary control switch are mounted a series
socket will cause the vehicle to set the air suspension
of four LED's.
to standard ride height.
An illuminated LED indicates which ride height is
No other ride height setting is available whilst towing.
active.
If a new ride height is selected using the rotary control

Off-Road Height
switch, the 'current' height LED remains illuminated
and the 'requested' height LED flashes until the vehicle Off-Road ride height is the highest of the selectable
achieves the new ride height. settings, and raises the front of the vehicle by 60 mm
If a new ride height is selected using the rotary control and the rear of the vehicle by 50 mm from the standard
switch and the 'current' height LED flashes briefly, this ride height.
indicates that the ride height selection is invalid and will Off-Road ride height is selected by turning the rotary
not be performed. control switch upwards when the vehicle is traveling at
When the operating parameters are correct for the new less than 31 mph (49 km/h).
ride height, the height change request must be repeated. The suspension will return to the standard ride height
setting if the rotary switch is turned downwards, or the
vehicle speed rises above 31 mph (49 km/h).

If the vehicle is traveling too fast when Off-Road ride Motor way ride height may be de-selected by the driver
height is selected, the Standard ride height LED will at any speed by turning the rotary control switch
flash, and the request will not be carried out. upwards.
The driver must repeat the Off-Road ride height request The vehicle may return to Motor way ride height if the
once the vehicle speed has been reduced. vehicle speed remains greater than 62 mph (99 km/h)
and the driver does not select Inhibit/Hold when the
When the vehicle is in the Off-Road height setting, the
vehicle returns to standard ride height.
'Inhibit/Hold' switch will not be operational.
If the vehicle speed is within the required parameters,
Similarly, if the vehicle is in the Standard ride height
the driver can select access ride height by turning the
setting with 'Inhibit/Hold' selected, the vehicle will not
rotary switch downwards or pressing the access switch
move in to the Off-Road height setting until
on the driver's door.
'Inhibit/Hold' is de-selected.
Motorway Ride Height Access Ride Height
Access ride height lowers the vehicle by 40 mm from

Motor way ride height lowers the vehicle by 20 mm
the standard ride height setting when the vehicle is
from the standard ride height setting (740 mm) and
stationary or moving at very low speeds in order to
improves the high speed handling of the vehicle.
improve access to the vehicle.
Motor way ride height is only active when the vehicle
Access ride height can be selected by operating the
is traveling at more than 62 mph (99 km/h) for more
access switch either on the driver's door module or the
than 30 seconds.
rotary control switch downwards when the vehicle is in
The function is automatic and not selectable by the standard, off-road or Motor way ride heights.
driver.
If the vehicle speed falls below 43 mph (69 km/h) for

Access Modes
more than 60 seconds, the ECU automatically returns
the vehicle back to the standard ride height setting (740 Access ride height has three different modes of
mm). operation:
If the vehicle stops while the Motor way ride height is • Access height
active, the timer is paused, stopping the vehicle rising • Access pre-select
un-necessarily.
• Crawl mode
Although Motor way ride height is not selectable by the
driver, the Inhibit/Hold switch can be used to keep the
Access Height
Motor way ride height active, thus preventing automatic
return to the standard ride height setting. If the vehicle is stationary or traveling at less than 15
The vehicle will return to the standard ride height setting mph (24 km/h) Access Height mode can be selected.
once the Inhibit/Hold switch is de-selected, and the Should the vehicle speed increase to more than 18 mph
vehicle speed is below 43 mph (69 km/h). (29 km/h) the vehicle automatically returns to the
standard ride height setting.

Access Pre-Select The Inhibit/Hold button remains active so that all

automatic and manual height changes are disabled.
If the vehicle is traveling below 49 mph (78 km/h) and
Crawl mode allows the vehicle to be driven at speeds
access height is selected, the vehicle enters the 'Access
up to 25 mph (40 km/h) without returning to the standard
Pre-Select' mode.
ride height setting.
The ECU acknowledges this request by flashing the
If the vehicle speed reaches 22 mph (35 km/h), a chime
'Access' LED, but the height of the vehicle does not
will sound from the instrument pack sounder and the
change immediately.
message center will display a 'SLOW DOWN' warning
If the vehicle is traveling above 49 mph (78 km/h) and message.
access height is selected, the 'Standard' LED will flash
If the vehicle exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h), crawl mode
and the request will be denied.
is cancelled and standard ride height will become active
When access pre-select mode is active, the vehicle will automatically.
automatically lower to Access ride height if the speed
drops below 15 mph (24 km/h) within 65 seconds of
Inhibit Features
the request being made.
If the vehicle speed rises to above 49 mph (78 km/h) A number of conditions exist where a change in ride
after 'Access Pre-Select' mode has been selected, or if height would be undesirable.
it takes longer than 65 seconds to come to a rest, access To counter this, the air suspension ECU is programmed
ride height will not be activated and the vehicle will with a number of system inhibits.
remain at its current height.
If any of the following conditions exist, the air
suspension ECU will suspend height changes and height
Crawl Mode corrections.
Crawl mode does not change the vehicle height, but

inhibits all automatic and manual height changes and Compressor Inhibit
allows the vehicle to be driven at a higher speed than
A temperature sensor located within the compressor
normal in access mode.
protects the compressor from overheating.
If the vehicle is in the Access ride height mode, and the
If the compressor temperature rises above set limits, the
Inhibit/Hold function is selected, 'Crawl' mode is
ECU will inhibit compressor operation.
activated.
The limits are shown in the following table:
If the vehicle is waiting to initiate the change to Access
ride height mode (due to road speed being above the
allowed parameter) when the request is made, the
pre-selected access request is cancelled and the vehicle
returns to standard ride height.

Filling Reservoir Height Regulation
Stop 100°C (212°F) 110°C (230°F)
Start 80°C (176°F) 105°C (221°F)
Compressor Time-Out Rapid Deceleration
If the air suspension ECU registers a rapid deceleration

Compressor operation will be halted after 180 seconds
greater than -0.2g it will inhibit all height changes and
of continuous operation.
corrections.
If the compressor was attempting to regulate system
The system will remain inhibited until the rapid
pressure, it remains inhibited for 20 seconds.
deceleration rises above -0.2g for 1 second.
However, if the compressor was attempting to fill the
Deceleration is calculated by the air suspension ECU
reservoir, it remains inhibited for 180 seconds.
from a vehicle speed signal received via the CAN bus.
The time-out functions act as a further safe guard against
over heating.
Axle Articulation
Cornering To avoid excess pressure differentials between different

air springs, the air suspension ECU will inhibit all height
If the air suspension ECU registers a cornering force changes and corrections if the axle articulation is greater
greater than 0.2g it will inhibit all height changes and than 350 mm.
corrections.
The system will remain inhibited until axle articulation
The system will remain inhibited until the cornering falls below 350 mm.
force falls to less than 0.15g for 0.5 seconds.
The air suspension ECU receives a message from the

Vehicle Lift
ABS ECU on the CAN bus relating to cornering force.
The air suspension ECU will inhibit all height changes
Rapid Acceleration and corrections if it detects all four corner heights are
greater than 90 mm.
If the air suspension ECU registers rapid acceleration This is interpreted as the vehicle being on a wheel free
greater than 0.2g it will inhibit all height changes and lift with all wheels hanging freely.
corrections.
In this situation, the corner heights will not change when
The system will remain inhibited until the rapid air is released from the air springs.
acceleration falls to less than 0.2g for 1 second.
The system will remain inhibited until any of the
Acceleration is calculated by the air suspension ECU following conditions exist:
from a vehicle speed signal received via the CAN bus.

• All four corners fall below 90 mm Trailer Mode

• The rotary switch is moved to the 'Up' or 'Down'
Using the Land Rover electrical trailer kit will cause
position
the air suspension to be set to the standard height setting.
• Vehicle speed rises to greater than 25 mph (40 km/h)
for longer than 3 seconds If the vehicle is at any other height when the trailer is
connected, the air suspension will adjust to the standard
height setting and stay in that mode until the trailer is
Vehicle Jacking
disconnected.
The air suspension ECU will inhibit all height changes

and corrections if it detects a corner lowering too slowly System Operation Review
for more than 3 seconds.
Under normal operating conditions, the air suspension
This is interpreted as the corner identified is moving
ECU will keep the vehicle level at the 'current ride
too slowly due to being supported on a car jack.
height'.
In this situation, the corner height will not change when
air is released from the air spring because the car jack
Filters
acts as a mechanical prop.
The system will remain inhibited until any of the The incoming height sensor signal from the each of the
following conditions exist: corner height sensors are passed through filters to
remove irregular signals produced by road noise or other
• The height of the wheel identified as lowering too
irregularities.
slowly, returns to the height where jacking was
detected
• The rotary switch is moved to the 'Up' or 'Down'
Fast Filter
position
When the vehicle is stationary or a height change is in
• Vehicle speed rises to greater than 25 mph (40 km/h) progress, the signals are passed through a 'fast' filter.
for longer than 3 seconds
The 'fast' filtered signals track the true rate of height
change when the vehicle height changes and can also
Maximum Run Time remove road noise when the vehicle is driving.
The maximum amount of time the valves within the

5-way valve block can be open is 33% in 300 seconds. Slow Filter
When the vehicle is moving, the signals are passed

Door Open through a 'slow' filter.
The air suspension ECU will stop all height change The 'slow' filtered signals remove almost all road noise
requests while any of the doors are open. from the signals and outputs a true long term average
for each corner height.
Vehicle leveling is also inhibited with any door open.
The 'slow' filtered signals cannot be used to respond to
quickly changing ride height changes.

ECU Monitoring
The air suspension ECU monitors each corner height

signal using the fast filtered signals if the vehicle is
stationary or the slow filtered signals if the vehicle is
moving.
If the height remains in a 'dead band' which is ±10 mm

from the target height, the ECU does not implement any
height adjustment changes.
When the ECU detects that a corner has moved outside

of the 'dead band' the ECU operates the compressor
and/or the valves to raise or lower the corresponding
corner(s) back into the target height.
When the engine is not running, the 'dead band' target

height tolerance is increased to ±20 mm.
In all cases, the ECU will bring the corner height as

close as possible to the target height.
The ECU monitors the rate of height change from the

corner signals to predict when to close the valve so that
the target height does not over shoot.

Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation Discovery Series II
DISCOVERY SERIES II
System Control If the rear ride height is not changing as the SLABS
ECU expects it to, then all valve and compressor activity
The leveling system is capable of lowering the rear will be halted.
suspension to within 20 mm of the target height for up
If the vehicle is moving at a speed greater than 3 mph
to 30 minutes after a door has been opened.
(5 km/h) when this happens, a fault will be logged in
This allows the suspension to be leveled as the vehicle the ECU.
is unloaded.
Full functionality will be re-enabled when the expected
With the exception of this unloading function, all other movement is seen, or when the target ride height is
leveling functions are disabled if the doors are open changed, e.g. by selection of the off-road mode or by
while the vehicle is stationary. use of the plip function.
The SLABS ECU will disable all leveling activities if The SLABS ECU monitors the use of the compressor
the height sensors indicate that the rear suspension is and the control valves.
articulated more on one side than the other by more than
If these components are being over used then they are
100 mm above its target ride height.
disabled to allow them to cool down, and an event code
The SLABS ECU monitors the signals from the height is stored in the ECU for interrogation by T4 diagnostic
while it is changing the rear ride height. equipment.

Discovery Series II Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation
If the SLABS ECU decides that the compressor or the Warning Control
valves are being over-used, the leveling behavior of the
system may become erratic. The SLABS ECU controls the operation of the SLS
audible warning, the SLS warning lamp and the off-road
mode warning lamp.
Malfunction Lamp
When the ignition is switched to position two, the ECU
The SLS system has two information lamps in the performs a three second bulb check and illuminates the
instrument pack. SLS and off-road mode warning lamps in the instrument
pack as a bulb operation check.
Situated in the bottom left of the instrument pack is the
first amber warning lamp. The audible warning is operated by the Body Control
Unit (BCU) when it receives a signal from the SLABS
Malfunction Lamp
ECU.
The audible warning is emitted from a speaker in the

rear of the instrument pack.
Operational Modes
If this lamp is continuously illuminated, it indicates that
either a malfunction has been detected or that the transit The self leveling suspension has several different modes
function is set. of operation.
If the lamp flashes then either the plip function is being These modes of operation are as follows:
used or the transit function is raising the rear suspension.
• Extended mode height
• Off-Road mode
Off-Road Lamp
• Standard ride height
The second amber warning lamp is situated in the top • Transportation mode
right of the instrument pack.
This is the off-road warning lamp. Select - Off-Road Mode
Off-Road Lamp To provide the vehicle in off-road conditions with

additional height, an off-road mode is employed.
Activating the off-road mode requires a press of the self

leveling switch on the fascia for a minimum of 0.5
second.
If the off-road lamp is continuously illuminated, it A single audible warning from behind the instrument
indicates that the self leveling suspension is in off-road pack will be given.
mode.
On release of the switch the off-road warning lamp on
If the off-road lamp flashes, this indicates that the SLS the instrument pack will flash, indicating a change of
is between the standard ride height and the off-road ride height.
mode, or that the vehicle is in extended mode.

When the vehicle is at the off-road target height, the If any of these conditions are not satisfied, the audible
lamp will stop flashing and remain illuminated. warning will sound three times and the off-road warning
lamp will remain illuminated when the switch is
released.
Exit - Off-Road Mode
To exit the off-road mode, press the self leveling switch Extended Mode
for a minimum of 0.5 second.
This mode is not selectable by the driver.
An audible warning from behind the instrument pack
will sound once. Extended mode operates only under the direct control
of the SLABS ECU.
On release of the fascia switch, the warning lamp will
flash and the system returns the rear suspension back Extended mode operation will only occur when the
to the standard ride height setting. SLABS ECU detects the chassis is grounded and the
rear wheels are turning with a vehicle speed less than 6
mph (9 km/h).
Off-Road Mode Speed
This function is employed to increase the rear
Off-Road mode can only be selected if: the vehicle speed suspension height to clear an obstacle.
is below 19 mph (30 km/h), all doors are closed (if the
Under extended mode conditions the compressor will
vehicle is stationary), the engine is running and the rear
operate for 25 seconds.
axle has less than 100 mm of articulation.
The SLS warning lamp (top right of instrument pack)
If any of these conditions are not satisfied, the audible
will flash at a different rate: 75% ON, 25% OFF.
warning will sound three times and the off-road warning
lamp will extinguish when the switch is released. This function will be cancelled if the vehicle exceeds
speeds of more than 8 mph (13 km/h) or if the fascia
switch is pressed for a minimum of 0.5 seconds.
Off-Road Heights
The off-road height setting is 100 mm from the bump Transportation Mode
stops on the chassis to the axle.
The self leveling suspension has a transportation mode
The vehicle will return automatically to the standard
function.
setting of 60 mm from the axle bump stops if the vehicle
speed exceeds 19 mph (30 km/h). This function should be used whenever the vehicle is
to be transported on a trailer and is lashed down using
Whilst returning to the standard height setting the
the chassis frame.
warning lamp will be flashing and an audible warning
sound will be emitted. Transportation mode can only be enabled and disabled
using T4 diagnostic equipment.
Off-Road mode can only be de-selected if all the doors
are closed (if the vehicle is stationary) and the rear axle The transportation mode function is to lower the rear
has less than 100 mm of articulation. suspension onto the bump stops, when the engine is not
running.

Discovery Series II Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation
In this condition, the malfunction warning lamp (left The switch adjusts the headlamp setting to the driver's
lower corner of instrument pack) will be illuminated preference, i.e. if the driver has chosen manually to raise
continuously if the ignition is in position two. the vehicle into off-road mode, the headlamp aim can
be re-adjusted to provide maximum illumination.
When the engine is running, the transportation function
raises the rear suspension until a gap between the chassis When the SLABS ECU has leveled the rear suspension,
mounted bump stops and axle is 25 mm. the driver can then set the headlamps to suit the driving
requirement.
In this condition, the malfunction warning lamp (left
lower corner of instrument pack) will flash while the This is especially useful when towing, as the vehicle's
suspension is rising, then it will be illuminated pivot point will cause the headlamps to rise at the front
continuously when the 25 mm bump stop gap has been due to the weight pulling down on the rear of the
achieved. vehicle.
Headlamp Adjuster The remote plip feature is available as an optional

accessory.
Discovery Series II features a headlamp leveling switch
A dedicated air suspension remote transmitter allows
located on the vehicle fascia panel.
the driver to stand outside the vehicle and adjust the
Headlamp Level Switch height to match that of a trailer hitch for hitching and
un-hitching the trailer.
Remote Operation
This enables the rear vehicle height to be controlled

between standard ride height and bump stop height.
This option is purchased from the dealer and has to be

configured using T4 diagnostic equipment.

RF Receiver Warnings
The remote transmitter transmits RF signals which are A warning will be issued whilst undertaking the
received by the same RF receiver used for the alarm operation of modifying the suspension height in
and remote door locking system (located in the response to the remote transmitter signal.
headlining rear of sunroof). The SLS warning lamp (located top right of instrument
The RF receiver passes this data as a 25 Hz PWM signal pack) will flash and an audible warning sound is emitted.
to the BCU (located behind passenger glove box).
The BCU then transmits this data to the SLABS ECU Remote Feature - Exit
to raise or lower the vehicle as required.
The rear suspension height will automatically return to
If point required is overshot then the engine will require
the standard ride height setting.
running to raise the vehicle up.
This is provided the vehicle speed exceeds 3 mph (5
km/h) for longer than 5 seconds, or instantly if the speed
Remote Preliminary
exceeds 7 mph (11 km/h).
To operate the remote transmitter the ignition must be

in position two and all door must be closed. Door Switches
The vehicle must be stationary and the self leveling
The driver, passenger and rear entry door switches are
suspension should be at the standard ride height.
important in the operation of the self leveling suspension
system.
Remote Lowering
The leveling system will not operate if the SLABS ECU
detects that the vehicle is stationary and a door is open.
Pressing the lower button on the plip will allow the
suspension to be lowered up to 60 mm below the Within the SLABS ECU the driver's door switch and
standard ride height setting. the passenger door switches are connected together.
Therefore, the SLABS ECU cannot determine which is

Remote Raising open, or if more than one door is open.
Pressing the raise button on the remote transmitter will

allow the vehicle to raise up to the standard ride height
setting.
Remote Operation
If either button on the remote transmitter is released

during the remote operation then the suspension height
will freeze at whatever height it is currently positioned.

Discovery 3 / LR3 Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation
DISCOVERY 3 / LR3
System Control • TRANSPORTATION - this mode is made available,

but it is only selectable or removable using the T4
The driver can manually select, using the air suspension
diagnostic equipment
switch, one of four ride states:
• REMOTE - this additional function allows the
• ON-ROAD - this height is the normal operating vehicle to be raised or lowered from outside of the
height of the vehicle vehicle whilst the vehicle is stationary. This assists
• OFF-ROAD - this height is higher than the on-road with the attachment of a trailer and is achieved using
height and provides improved ground clearance, the buttons on the remote handset and the ignition
approach, departure and break over angles switch in the off position. The remote handset can
• ACCESS - this height is lower than the on-road also be programmed to perform a number of
height and makes vehicle entering and exiting easier additional functions, however the previous feature
for the occupants will be overwritten
• CRAWL (locked at access) - this mode allows the • EXTENDED - if the air suspension control module
vehicle to be driven at the access height at low speeds senses that the vehicle has grounded and lost traction,
to provide increased roof clearance in low car parks, the control module can temporarily increase and/or
etc redistribute the volume of air supplied to the affected
air spring(s) to maximize the available traction. This

Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation Discovery 3 / LR3
is known as extended mode and will be indicated to The indicator will change to an amber color and the
the driver by the lamps on the air suspension switch audible warning will stop when the vehicle speed is
flashing. reduced.
Height Change Restrictions On-Road Mode
If the air suspension control module senses that the This is the normal ride height for the vehicle.
vehicle is prevented from moving upwards or
downwards during a height change or leveling
Off-Road Mode
correction, the control module will adopt a safe state
and further height changes will be suspended. Off-road mode will only be activated if the vehicle speed
NOTE: Vehicle height changes are prevented if the air is less than 25 mph (40 km/h).
suspension control module receives a 'Door Open' signal The vehicle will be raised 55 mm (2.2 in) higher than
from the Central Junction Box (CJB). the on-road height to provide additional body clearance
If a fault is detected by the air suspension control and improved approach, departure and break over
module, the control module will reduce the system angles.
functionality dependent on the type and severity of the If the vehicle speed exceeds 31 mph (50 km/h), the air
fault. suspension control module will automatically lower the
vehicle to the on-road mode height.
Fault Warnings NOTE: The suspension can be automatically set to
off-road mode via Terrain Response and low range
The control module will also store a fault code which programs are selected.
can be retrieved using the T4 diagnostic equipment.
At 25 to 28 mph (40 to 45 km/h) a message is displayed
If a severe fault occurs, the control module will attempt to warn the driver to slow down or the vehicle will
to put the vehicle in a safe condition. lower.
A fault condition is relayed to the driver by the
illumination of the air suspension warning indicator,
Access Mode
the instrument cluster message center and an audible
warning emitted from the instrument cluster. Access mode lowers the vehicle body height by 50 mm
If the detected fault is minor and does not affect vehicle (2 in) and provides easier entry, exit and loading of the
safety, the air suspension warning indicator in the vehicle.
instrument cluster will illuminate in an amber color and Access mode can be pre-selected when the vehicle is
the fault should be rectified at the earliest opportunity. moving.
If a more severe fault is detected above 31 mph (50 The vehicle will partly lower as the vehicle speed
km/h) vehicle speed, the warning indicator will decreases, lowering to the full access mode height when
illuminate in a red color and the vehicle should be driven the vehicle reaches 5 mph (8 km/h).
with care until the fault is rectified.
An audible warning is emitted by the instrument cluster

sounder when the warning indicator is illuminated.

If the required road speed is not reached within a • When vehicle part lowered is reached, the 'lower'
predetermined time, the air suspension will return the lower lamp will flash
vehicle to the previously selected height. • If the vehicle speed is not reduced to less than 5 mph
Access mode can be selected at any vehicle speed. (8 km/h) in the one minute period, the access mode
request will be cancelled
Access Mode Speeds <5 MPH (8 KM/H)

• If the vehicle speed is less than 5 mph (8 km/h), the
When access mode is selected, the response from the suspension will be lowered to access mode
air suspension system will depend on the vehicle speed. immediately
The following speed ranges indicate the criteria and • The access mode lamp and the lowering lamp will
effects of using the control switch to make a height illuminate
adjustment. • When the access mode height is reached, the
>12.5 MPH (20 KM/H) lowering lamp will be extinguished
• If the vehicle speed is greater than 12.5 mph (20 Access height may be selected up to 40 seconds after
km/h) when the access mode switch position is the ignition is turned off, provided that the driver's door
selected, the air suspension control module will wait has not been opened within this time.
for up to one minute for the vehicle speed to be
The suspension will automatically rise from access mode
reduced
when the vehicle speed exceeds 6.2 mph (10 km/h).
• The access mode lamp and the lowering lamp will
If access mode was selected directly from off-road mode
flash while the air suspension control module waits
then the system will return to off-road mode when the
for the vehicle speed to be reduced, the on-road mode
vehicle speed exceeds 6.2 mph (10 km/h).
lamp will remain illuminated
• If the vehicle speed is not reduced sufficiently, the Otherwise the system will lift the suspension to On-road
access mode request will be cancelled after the one height.
minute time threshold
<12.5 MPH (20 KM/H) Off Road - Access Mode Selection

• If the vehicle speed is less than 12.5 mph (20 km/h) When the suspension is in off-road mode height,
when the access mode switch position is selected, pressing the air suspension switch once and then a
the air suspension control module will lower the second time before the lowering lamp is extinguished,
suspension to a part lowered height and will remain the control module will lower the suspension to access
at this height for up to one minute mode height.
• The on-road mode lamp will extinguish as the air
The control module will remember to return the
suspension control module lowers the suspension to
suspension to off-road height automatically if the vehicle
the part lowered height
speed increases above 6.2 mph (10 km/h).
• The access mode lamp and the lowering lamp will
illuminate

Crawl Mode The instrument cluster sounder will emit a chime, a

message will be displayed in the message center (if
Crawl mode allows the vehicle to driven at a locked fitted) and the on-road mode lamp and either the raising
access height. or lowering lamp will flash.
This mode can be selected at a speed of less than 21.7 The off-road or crawl mode height speed warning is
mph (35 km/h) and permits the vehicle to be driven at removed when the vehicle speed is reduced.
low speeds to improve clearance in areas with restricted
headroom, i.e. car parks.
Door Open Functionality
If the vehicle exceeds 24.8 mph (40 km/h), crawl mode
will be cancelled and the vehicle will return to on-road If one or more of the vehicle doors are opened during
height. a height change when the vehicle is stationary, the air
suspension control module will restrict any further
Selection of crawl mode is via the height selector switch
height changes.
and holding the switch in the down position for longer
than 2 seconds. The door open signal is transmitted by the CJB on the
HS CAN bus and received by the air suspension control
The access mode lamp and the crawl mode lamp will
module.
be illuminated.
This keeps the vehicle level to the set height when a
When the control module is in crawl mode, on-road
door opens to allow for changes in loading conditions.
mode height will be selected automatically if the vehicle
speed exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h). A secondary hardwired door status signal is also
transmitted from the CJB to the air suspension control
At 18.6 to 21.7 mph (30 to 35 km/h) a message is
module.
displayed in the message center to warn the driver to
slow down or the vehicle will raise. This signal provides door status information when the
high speed CAN bus is off, i.e. during periodic
Crawl mode can also be manually cancelled by moving
re-leveling.
the switch in the up direction for 1 second.
A hardwired door status signal is also transmitted from
The access mode lamp and the crawl mode lamp will
the CJB to the air suspension control module.
be extinguished.
The lamp on the air suspension switch for the target
mode height will remain illuminated and the raising or
Automatic Height Changes
lowering lamp will flash.
When the suspension is in off-road mode, access mode If all of the doors are closed within 90 seconds, the
or crawl mode height, the air suspension control module height change will resume.
will change the suspension height automatically when
If the 90 second period is exceeded and all of the doors
the vehicle speed exceeds a predetermined threshold.
are not closed, the height change will be cancelled.
When the suspension is at off-road mode or crawl mode
The mode lamps showing the previously selected height
height, the control module issues a warning to advise
and the target height will be illuminated.
the driver that the vehicle is approaching the speed
threshold.

The mode height change can be re-selected by operating A message will also be displayed in the message center
the switch, however, if the vehicle is driven at speed of if fitted.
more than 5 mph (8 km/h) the control module will
continue to raise or lower the vehicle to the target mode
Suspension Prevented From Moving
height.
If the air suspension control module is attempting to
Extended Mode change the suspension height and it detects that the
suspension is prevented from moving, the control
If the vehicle becomes grounded and the traction control module will stop all suspension movement.
becomes operational, the air suspension control module This can be caused by:
automatically increases the mass of air in the air springs
• Jacking the vehicle
to raise the vehicle clear of the obstruction.
• Attempting to lower the vehicle onto an object
Extended mode is activated automatically and cannot
be selected manually. • Raising the vehicle against an obstruction
When the air suspension control module has activated The air suspension switch lamps operate as described
the extended mode, the off-road mode lamp will flash for extended mode and the same message is displayed
if the suspension is above off-road mode height. in the message center if fitted.
No specific height change figure is provided, this is To start the air suspension system operating, press the
because the system uses a time basis for extended height air suspension switch briefly in the up or down position
changes. or drive the vehicle at a speed of more than 12.5 mph
(20 km/h).
When the vehicle becomes grounded the height sensor
information is not taken into account, i.e. mistrusted.
Periodic Re-Leveling
As the vehicle enters into traction control operation the
air suspension system will keep applying more air to When the vehicle is parked, the air suspension control
the offending corner air spring until traction is regained. module 'wakes up' two hours after the ignition was last
To exit the extended mode, press the air suspension switched off and then once every six hours.
switch briefly in the up or down position or drive the The vehicle height is checked and if the vehicle is not
vehicle at a speed of more than 12.5 mph (20 km/h). level within a pre-set tolerance, small downwards height
adjustments may be made automatically.
Warning Lamps
Transportation Mode
The off-road mode and on-road mode lamps will flash
if the suspension is between off-road mode and on-road Transportation mode is a factory set mode which locks
mode heights. the suspension to enable the vehicle to be safely lashed
The on-road mode and access mode lamps will flash if to a transporter.
the suspension is between on-road mode and access This mode can only be selected or deselected using the
mode. T4 diagnostic equipment.

When the ignition switch is switched off, the vehicle The relay is connected directly to the battery via fusible
will be lowered onto the bump stops. link 10E (60A).
This ensures that the securing straps do not become The relay coil is connected to and controlled by the air
loose should there be an air pressure reduction in the suspension control module.
air springs. The relay is used by the air suspension control module
When the engine is running, the air supply unit will to control the operation of the compressor.
operate to raise the vehicle height, allowing the vehicle When air supply unit operation is required, the air
to be loaded. suspension control module supplies power and ground
When the ignition switch is subsequently switched off, for the relay coil which energizes, closing the relay
the vehicle will again lower onto the bump stops. contacts.
An audible warning will be emitted from the instrument This allows battery voltage via the fusible link to pass
cluster sounder until the vehicle has reached the higher through the relay and operate the air supply unit electric
transportation height. motor and the compressor.
The battery voltage is also passed from the relay, via a

CAN Inputs splice joint in the harness, to the air suspension control
module and is used as a signal that the air supply unit
The air suspension control module uses inputs received is receiving power.
on the CAN bus from other systems on the vehicle.
The system uses data from the following listed System Inhibits
components or systems to control the suspension
operation in differing driving conditions. A number of conditions exist where a change of ride
height would be undesirable.
• Longitudinal acceleration
• Lateral acceleration To counter this, the air suspension control module is
programmed with a number of system inhibits.
• Steering angle
• Wheel speed data If any of the conditions detailed below exist, the air
suspension control module will suspend height changes
The system will react differently if one or more of these
and height corrections.
data inputs is missing or incorrect.
As an example, if the steering angle sensor is missing

Compressor Inhibit
or incorrect, the air suspension control module assumes
a default value. The temperature sensors located within the compressor
The default value is defined as zero and may result in protect the compressor from overheating.
some unnecessary leveling activity. If the compressor temperature rises above set limits, the
air suspension control module will inhibit the
Air Supply Unit Relay compressor operation.
These limits are shown in the following table:

The air supply unit relay is located in the battery
junction box in the engine compartment.

Compressor Head Temperature Inhibit

LIFTING RESERVOIR FILLING
STOP 150°C (302°F) 140°C (284°F)
START 130°C (266°F) 120°C (248°F)
Compressor Brush Temperature Inhibit

LIFTING RESERVOIR FILLING
STOP 140°C (284°F) 130°C (266°F)
START 120°C (248°F) 110°C (230°F)
Cornering Inhibit Rapid Deceleration Inhibit
If the air suspension control module registers a rapid

If the air suspension control module registers a cornering
deceleration smaller than -0.2g it will inhibit all height
force greater than 0.2g it will inhibit all height changes
changes and corrections.
and corrections.
The system will remain inhibited until the cornering
deceleration rises above -0.15g.
force falls to less than 0.15g.
Deceleration is calculated by the air suspension control
The air suspension control module receives a message
module from a vehicle speed signal received via the
from the lateral acceleration sensor (which is an integral
high speed CAN bus.
part of the ABS yaw rate sensor) on the high speed CAN
bus for the cornering force.
Vehicle Jacking Inhibit
Rapid Acceleration Inhibit
The air suspension control module will inhibit all height
changes and corrections if it detects a corner lowering
too slowly for more than 1.2 seconds.
acceleration greater than 0.2g it will inhibit all height
changes and corrections. This is interpreted as the corner identified as moving
too slowly being supported on a jack.
acceleration falls to less than 0.15g. In this situation, the corner height will not change when
air is released from the air spring because the jack acts
Acceleration is calculated by the air suspension control
as a mechanical prop. The system will remain inhibited
module from a vehicle speed signal received via the
until any of the following conditions exist:
high speed CAN bus.
• The air suspension switch is moved to the up or down
position
• Vehicle speed rises to more than 9.3 mph (15 km/h)
for more than 15 seconds

Door Open Inhibit Motorway Lowering
The air suspension control module will stop all height This function was not available at launch and has been
change requests while any of the doors are open. introduced to the Discovery 3 / LR3 range of vehicles
at what is known as Job1 plus 90 days, i.e. available on
Vehicle leveling will still however continue with a door
vehicles 90 days after the launch vehicles were released.
open.
This leveling is restricted to keep the vehicle at the

height when the door was opened, if the vehicle load
changes.

Pneumatic Schematic
Pneumatic Circuit

Pneumatic Circuit
1. Compressor 14. RH air spring damper module
2. Compressor temperature sensor 15. Cross link valve
3. Air drier unit 16. Rear valve block
4. Reservoir 17. Rear LH corner valve
5. Front LH air spring damper module 18. Rear LH air spring damper module
6. Front valve block 19. Inlet air filter
7. Cross link valve 20. Pilot exhaust valve
8. Front RH air spring damper module 21. Exhaust
9. Front RH corner valve 22. Air silencer
10. Front LH corner valve 23. Pressure relief and exhaust valve
11. Reservoir control valve 24. Motor temperature sensor
12. Pressure sensor 25. Electric motor
13. Rear RH corner valve
Spring Pressures
Air spring pressure depends on vehicle loading.
Nominal Pressure:
• Fronts 8.5 bar

• Rears 5.5 bar
GVW Pressure:
• Fronts 9.9 bar

• Rears 7.8 bar

2006MY Range Rover (LM) Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation
System Control HIGH SPEED - A non-selectable, automatic high speed

mode is provided which lowers the vehicle height to
The driver can manually select, using the air suspension improve vehicle handling.
switch, one of four ride states:
NOTE: Vehicle height changes are restricted if the air
• ON-ROAD - this height is the normal operating suspension control module receives a 'Door Open' signal
height of the vehicle from the Generic Electronic Module (GEM) and the
• OFF-ROAD - this height is higher than the on-road speed is less than 5 mph (8 km/h).
height and provides improved ground clearance,
An additional 'TRANSPORTATION' mode is also
approach, departure and break over angles
available but is only selectable using T4. When this
• ACCESS - this height is lower than the on-road mode is active most vehicle systems, in addition to the
height and makes entering and exiting the vehicle air suspension, are inhibited or restricted to a minimal
easier for the occupants functionality.
• CRAWL (Locked at access) - this height allows the
If the air suspension control module senses that the
vehicle to be driven at the access height at low speeds
vehicle has grounded and lost traction, the control
to provide increased roof clearance in low car parks
module can temporarily increase and/or redistribute the
etc.
volume of air supplied to the affected air spring(s) to

Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation 2006MY Range Rover (LM)
maximize the available traction. This is known as If the detected fault is minor and does not affect vehicle
extended mode and will be indicated to the driver by safety, the instrument cluster message center will display
the lamps on the air suspension switch flashing. the message 'SUSPENSION FAULT' and a chime will
be emitted. The fault should be investigated and rectified
If the air suspension control module senses that the
as soon as possible.
vehicle is prevented from moving upwards or
downwards during a height change or leveling If the detected fault is more serious, the message center
correction, the control module will adopt a safe state will display the message 'SUSPENSION FAULT
and further height changes will be suspended. NORMAL HEIGHT ONLY' and a chime will be
emitted. The fault should be investigated and rectified
If a fault is detected by the air suspension control
as soon as possible.
module, the control module will reduce the system
functionality dependent on the type and severity of the If the detected fault is more severe the message center
fault. The control module will also store a fault code will display the message 'SUSPENSION FAULT MAX
which can be retrieved using T4. If a severe fault occurs, SPEED 50KPH' and two chimes will be emitted every
the control module will attempt to put the vehicle in a thirty seconds if this speed is exceeded. The message
safe condition. A fault is relayed to the driver by the will change to 'SUSPENSION FAULT' when the vehicle
instrument cluster message center and an audible speed is reduced to less than 31 mph (50 km/h). The
warning emitted from the instrument cluster. vehicle should be driven slowly until the fault is
rectified.

Air Suspension Control Switch
Item Description
1. Off-Road height LED
2. On-Road (normal) height LED
3. Height change LED
4. Access height LED

Item Description
5. Air suspension rotary control switch
6. Hold button and LED
7., Drivers door module access switch
System Operation Modes of Operation
Under normal operating conditions, the air suspension On-Road Mode

control module keeps the vehicle level at the 'current'
This is the normal ride height for the vehicle.
ride height.
The incoming height signals from the sensors are passed

Off-Road Mode
through filters to remove irregular signals produced by
road noise or other irregularities. Off-road mode will only be selectable if the vehicle
When the vehicle is stationary or a height change is in speed is less than 25 mph (40 km/h).
progress, the signals are passed through a 'fast' filter, The vehicle will be raised 55 mm (2.2 in) higher than
which tracks the true rate of change of height. the on-road mode to provide additional body clearance
When the vehicle is moving, the signals are passed and improved approach, departure and break over
through a 'slow' filter. angles.
The 'slow' filtered signals remove almost all road noise If the vehicle speed exceeds 31 mph (50 km/h), the air
from the signals and output a true long term average for suspension control module will automatically lower the
each corner height. The 'slow' filtered signals cannot be vehicle to the on-road mode height.
used to respond quickly during height changes. At 25 to 28 mph (40 to 45 km/h) a message is displayed
in the message center to warn the driver to slow down
Software Filters or the vehicle will lower.
The air suspension control module monitors each corner

Access Mode
height signal using the fast filtered signals if the vehicle
is stationary or the slow filtered signals if the vehicle is Access mode lowers the vehicle body height by 40 mm
moving. (1.6 in) and provides easier entry, exit and loading of
If the height remains in a 'dead band' which is ±10 mm the vehicle.
from the target height, the control module does not Access mode can be pre-selected when the vehicle is
implement any height adjustment changes. moving.
When the control module detects that a corner has The vehicle will partly lower as the vehicle speed
moved outside of the 'dead band', the control module decreases, lowering to the full access mode height when
operates the compressor and/or the valves to raise or the vehicle reaches 5 mph (8 km/h).
lower the corresponding corner(s) back into the target
height.

If the required road speed is not reached within a Access height may be selected up to 40 seconds after
predetermined time, the air suspension will return the the ignition is turned off, provided that the driver's door
vehicle to the previously selected height. has not been opened within this time.
Access mode can be selected at any vehicle speed. When The vehicle will automatically rise from access mode
access mode is selected, the response of the air when the vehicle speed exceeds 6.2 mph (10 km/h).
suspension system will depend on the vehicle speed: If access mode was selected directly from off-road mode
>12.5 mph (20 km/h then the system will return to off-road mode when the
• If the vehicle speed is more than 12.5 mph (20 km/h), vehicle speed exceeds 6.2 mph (10 km/h).
the air suspension control module will wait for up Otherwise the system will lift the suspension to on-road
to one minute for the vehicle speed to be reduced. height.
• The access mode LED and the height change LED Selecting Access Mode Directly from Off-Road Mode
will flash while the air suspension control module
When the suspension is in off-road mode height,
waits for the vehicle speed to be reduced, the on-road
pressing the air suspension rotary switch once and then
mode lamp will remain illuminated.
a second time in a downward direction before the height
• If the vehicle speed is not reduced sufficiently, the
change LED is extinguished, the control module will
access mode request will be cancelled after 1 minute.
lower the suspension to access mode height.
<12.5 mph (20 km/h)
The control module will remember to return the
• If the vehicle speed is less than 12.5 mph (20 km/h), suspension to off-road height automatically if the vehicle
the air suspension control module will lower the speed increases above 6.2 mph (10 km/h).
suspension to a part lowered height and will remain
Alternatively, pressing the driver's door module access
at this height for up to one minute.
switch once will perform the same function.
• The on-road mode lamp will extinguish as the air
suspension control module lowers the suspension to
the part lowered height. Crawl (Locked at Access) Mode
• The access mode lamp and the height change LED
Crawl mode allows the vehicle to be driven at access
will illuminate. When part lowered is reached, the
height.
height change LED will flash.
The vehicle is locked in access height and can be
• If the vehicle speed is not reduced to less than 5 mph
selected at a speed of less than 21.7 mph (35 km/h) and
(8 km/h) in the one minute period, the access mode
can be driven at low speeds to improve clearance in
request will be cancelled.
areas with restricted headroom, i.e. car parks.
<5 mph (8 km/h)
If the vehicle exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h), crawl mode
• If the vehicle speed is less than 5 mph (8 km/h), the
will be cancelled and the vehicle will return to on-road
suspension will be lowered to access mode
height.
immediately.
To select crawl mode the vehicle must first be in access
• The access mode LED and the height change LED
mode.
will illuminate.
• When the access mode height is reached, the height
change LED will be extinguished.

Crawl mode is selected by pressing the 'hold' button When the suspension is at off-road mode or crawl mode
once. When selected, the hold button LED will be height, the control module issues a warning to advise
illuminated. the driver that the vehicle is approaching the speed
threshold.
When the control module is in crawl mode, on-road
mode height will be selected automatically if the vehicle The instrument cluster sounder will emit a chime, a
speed exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h). message will be displayed in the message center and
the on-road mode LED and the height change LED will
At 18.6 to 21.7 mph (30 to 35 km/h) a message is
flash.
displayed in the message center to warn the driver to
slow down or the vehicle will raise. The off-road mode or crawl mode height speed warning
is removed when the vehicle speed is reduced.
Crawl mode can also be manually cancelled by pressing
the hold button once.
The access mode LED and the hold LED will be Special Modes
extinguished.
Door Open Functionality
High Speed Mode If one or more of the vehicle doors are opened during
a height change when the vehicle is stationary, the air
High speed mode is a non-selectable, automatic mode suspension control module will restrict further height
which lowers the vehicle height by 20mm to improve change.
vehicle handling.
The door open signal is transmitted by the generic
This feature is fully automated and is 'invisible' to the electronic module (GEM) on the 'K' bus to the
driver. instrument cluster gateway and from the cluster it is
If the vehicle speed exceeds 100 mph (160 km/h) for transmitted on the high speed CAN bus and received
more than five seconds, the air suspension control by the air suspension control module.
module initiates the high speed mode. This keeps the vehicle level to the set height when a
When the vehicle speed reduces to less than 80 mph door opens to allow for changes in loading conditions.
(130 km/h) for more than 30 seconds, the vehicle returns The LED on the air suspension LED display for the
to the on-road height. target mode height will remain illuminated and the
This function is cancelled if a trailer is connected to the height change LED will flash.
trailer socket. If all of the doors are closed within 90 seconds, the
height change will resume.
Automatic Height Change Warnings If the 90 second period is exceeded and all of the doors
are not closed, the height change will be cancelled.
When the suspension is in off-road mode, access mode
or crawl mode height, the air suspension control module The mode LEDs showing the previously selected height
will change the suspension height automatically when and the target height will be illuminated.
the vehicle speed exceeds a predetermined threshold.

The mode height change can be re-selected by operating The additional lift can be requested once the height
the rotary switch, however, if the vehicle is driven at change LED has extinguished.
speed of more than 5 mph (8 km/h) the control module Press and hold the air suspension switch in the up
will continue to raise or lower the vehicle to the target position for 3 seconds whilst simultaneously depressing
mode height. the brake pedal.
A chime from the instrument cluster will sound to

Extended Mode confirm that the request has been accepted.
If the air suspension control module senses, via the The height change LED will be illuminated while the
height sensors, that the vehicle has become grounded, vehicle is being lifted.
the air suspension control module automatically
increases the mass of air in the air springs to raise the Suspension Prevented From Moving
vehicle clear of the obstruction.
If the air suspension control module is attempting to
Extended mode is activated automatically and cannot
change the suspension height and it detects that the
be selected manually.
suspension is prevented from moving, the control
When the air suspension control module has activated module will stop all suspension movement.
the extended mode, the off-road mode lamp will flash
This can be caused by jacking the vehicle, attempting
if the suspension is above off-road mode height.
to lower the vehicle onto an object or raising the vehicle
The off-road mode and on-road mode lamps will flash against an obstruction.
if the suspension is between off-road mode and on-road
The air suspension switch lamps operate as described
mode heights.
for extended mode and the same message is displayed
The on-road mode and access mode lamps will flash if in the message center.
the suspension is between on-road mode and access
To re-start the air suspension system operating, press
mode.
the air suspension switch briefly in the up or down
A message will also be displayed in the message center. position or drive the vehicle at a speed of more than
To exit the extended mode, press the air suspension 12.5 mph (20 km/h).
switch briefly in the up or down position or alternatively
drive the vehicle at a speed of more than 12.5 mph (20
Periodic Re-leveling
km/h).
When the vehicle is parked, the air suspension control
Additional Lift in Extended Mode module 'wakes up' two hours after the ignition was last
switched off and then once every six hours.
When extended mode has been invoked and the The vehicle height is checked and if the vehicle is not
automatic lifting of the vehicle is complete, the driver level within a pre-set tolerance, small downwards height
can request an additional lift of the vehicle. adjustments may be made automatically.
This can be particularly useful when extended mode
has been activated on soft surfaces.

Transportation Mode Calibration Mode
Transportation mode is a factory set mode which locks This mode is used when the air suspension control
the suspension to enable the vehicle to be safely lashed module has been replaced or a height sensor or
to a transporter. suspension component has been dismantled or replaced.
The suspension transportation mode is automatically The following conditions apply when the vehicle is in
set when the vehicle is configured for transportation calibration mode:
mode using T4. Calibration Conditions
Transportation mode also affects other vehicle systems • The ride height is set to tight tolerance
which are inhibited or restricted to minimal
• Fault reaction to Vehicle Identification Number
functionality.
(VIN) mis-match with the Car Configuration File
When the ignition switch is switched off, the vehicle (CCF) is disabled
will be lowered onto the bump stops. • The raise, lower, access and hold switches are
This ensures that the securing straps do not become disabled
loose should air leak from the air springs. • System is controlled to on-road height only.
When transportation mode is active, the off-road, access
and hold switches are disabled. System Inhibits
Periodic re-leveling is also disabled.
A number of conditions exist where a change in ride
When the engine is started, the air suspension control height is undesirable.
module will cause the vehicle to rise to a height of
To counter this, the air suspension control module is
–20mm to allow sufficient ground clearance for the
programmed with a number of system inhibits.
vehicle to be loaded.
If any of the conditions detailed below exist, the air
While the height is changing, all the LEDs in the air
suspension control module will suspend height changes
suspension control switch will flash and a chime will
and height corrections.
be emitted by the instrument cluster.
When the height of –20mm is reached, all the LEDs

Compressor Time-Out
will illuminate continuously and the chime will stop.
When the engine is switched off, the air suspension Two temperature sensors are located within the
control module will cause the vehicle to lower to a compressor to prevent overheating.
height of –60mm to allow the vehicle to be strapped If the temperature of the motor brush assembly or the
down. compressor cylinder head rise above pre-set limits, the
While the height is changing, all the LEDs in the air air suspension control module will inhibit the
suspension control switch will flash and a chime will compressor operation.
be emitted by the instrument cluster. The limits are detailed in tables in the Air Supply Unit
When the height of –60mm is reached, all the LEDs section of this workbook.
will illuminate continuously and the chime will stop.

Cornering This is interpreted as the corner identified as moving

too slowly being supported on a jack.
If the air suspension control module registers a cornering
In this situation, the corner height will not change when
force greater than 0.2g it will inhibit all height changes
air is released from the air spring because the jack acts
and corrections.
as a mechanical prop.
The system will remain inhibited until the cornering
The system will remain inhibited until any of the
force falls to less than 0.15g.
following conditions exist:
The air suspension control module receives a message
• The air suspension rotary switch is moved to the up
from the lateral acceleration sensor (which is an integral
or down position
part of the ABS yaw rate sensor) on the high speed CAN
Bus for the cornering force. • The vehicle speed rises to more than 9.3 mph (15
km/h) for more than 15 seconds.
Rapid Acceleration
Door Open
acceleration greater than 0.2g it will inhibit all height The air suspension control module will stop all height
changes and corrections. change requests while any of the doors are open.
The system will remain inhibited until the rapid Vehicle leveling continues with a door open by keeping
acceleration falls to less than 0.15g. the vehicle at the height when the door was opened if
the vehicle load changes.
Acceleration is calculated by the control module from
a vehicle speed signal received via the high speed CAN
bus. RIDE HEIGHT CONTROL
Height Control
Rapid Deceleration
The air suspension control module is able to provide
If the air suspension control module registers a rapid three different ride heights:
deceleration smaller than - 0.2g it will inhibit all height
• On-road (normal)
changes and corrections.
• Off-road
• Access.
deceleration rises above - 0.15g.
The ride heights are selected via the rotary control
Deceleration is calculated by the control module from
switch mounted on the center console. Rotating the
a vehicle speed signal received via the high speed CAN
switch upwards or downwards selects a different ride
bus.
height (providing all the criteria outlined below are met).
The center of the rotary switch contains the 'Hold'
Vehicle Jacking switch. The 'Hold' switch allows the air suspension
control module to lock the access mode in crawl mode.
The air suspension control module will inhibit all height
changes and corrections if it detects a corner lowering
too slowly for more than 1.2 seconds.

The rotary control switch contains one LED for the The vehicle will be raised 55 mm (2.2 in) higher than
'Hold' function. Four further LEDs are located in a the on-road (normal) mode to provide additional body
display panel adjacent to the switch and display height clearance and improved approach, departure and break
change, off-road mode, on-road (normal) mode and over angles.
off-road mode. The symbols illuminate to show the If the vehicle speed exceeds 31 mph (50 km/h), the air
current selected ride height and if a height change is in suspension control module will automatically lower the
progress. vehicle to the on-road mode height.
If a requested height change is not allowed, i.e. vehicle At 25 - 28 mph (40 - 45 km/h) a message is displayed
speed too fast, the height change LED will flash and a in the message center to warn the driver to slow down
chime will be emitted. or the vehicle will lower.
A flashing off-road or access LED indicates that the air
suspension system is in a waiting state or the system
High Speed
will override the driver's selection because the speed
threshold is too high. High speed height lowers the vehicle by 20 mm, and
The driver can also ignore the system's warning signals improves the high speed handling of the vehicle.
and allow the height to change automatically. for High speed height is only active when the vehicle is
example, increasing the vehicle speed to more than 25 traveling at more than 100 mph (160 km/h) for more
mph (40 km/h) will cause the control module to than 5 seconds, and is not selectable by the driver.
automatically change the ride height from off-road to
If the vehicle speed falls to below 80 mph (130 km/h)
on-road mode.
for more than 30 seconds, the control module
automatically returns the vehicle to the on-road height
On-Road setting.
If the vehicle stops while the high speed height is active,

On-road ride (normal) height is used during most driving
the timer is paused, stopping the vehicle rising
conditions.
unnecessarily.
This setting is used as a datum for the remaining ride
When towing, the electrical connection of the Land
heights and is defined as 0 mm. All other ride height
Rover trailer socket will be detected and stop automatic
settings are described as above or below this setting.
lowering to the –20mm position.
The on-road height can be active at any vehicle speed.
Access or off-road ride height can be selected from

Access Height
on-road ride height using the rotary control or the drivers
door access switch. Access ride Height lowers the vehicle by 40 mm (1.6
in) when the vehicle is stationary or moving at very low
Off-Road speeds in order to improve ease of access to the vehicle.
Access ride Height can be selected by operating the

Off-road mode will only be selectable if the vehicle access switch on the drivers door module when the
speed is less than 25 mph (40 km/h). vehicle is in on-road Height or by turning the rotary

control switch downwards once when the vehicle is in The access Height LED and the Height change LED
on-road Height or twice when the vehicle is in off-road will flash while the control module waits for the vehicle
Height. speed to be reduced, the on-road Height LED will
remain illuminated.
Access Height can be selected at any vehicle speed.
When access Height is selected, the response of the air If the vehicle speed is not reduced sufficiently, the
suspension system will depend on the vehicle speed. access Height request will be cancelled after one minute.
Access ride Height has three different modes of Access Height may be selected up to 40 seconds after
operation: the ignition is switched off, provided that the driver's
door has not been opened within this time.
• Access Height
• Access Select from Off-Road Height The suspension will automatically rise from access
Height when the vehicle speed exceeds 6.2 mph (10
• Crawl Mode.
km/h).
Access Height
If access Height was selected directly from off-road
If the vehicle speed is 5 mph (8 km/h) or less, the vehicle mode, then the system will return to off-road Height
will lower to full access Height immediately. when the vehicle speed exceeds 6.2 mph (10 km/h).
The access Height LED and the Height change LED Otherwise the system will return the suspension to
will illuminate. on-road Height.
When the access Height is reached, the Height change Access Selected from Off-Road Height
LED will extinguish.
When the suspension is in off-road ride Height, rotating
If the vehicle is traveling at less than 12.5 mph (20 the air suspension rotary switch downwards once and
km/h) 'Access Height' mode can be selected. then a second time before the Height change LED has
The control module will lower the suspension to a part extinguished, or pressing the access switch on the
lowered Height and will remain at this Height for up to driver's door module once, will cause the control module
one minute for the vehicle speed to be further reduced. to lower the suspension to access Height (providing the
speed thresholds are met).
The on-road LED will be extinguished as the control
module lowers the suspension to the part lowered The control module will remember to return the
Height. suspension to off-road Height automatically if the
vehicle speed increases to more than 6.2 mph (10 km/h).
The access Height LED and the Height change LED
will both be illuminated. When the part lowered Height Crawl Mode (Locked at Access Height)
is reached, the Height change LED will flash. Crawl mode does not change the vehicle Height, but
If the vehicle speed is not reduced to less than 5 mph modifies automatic Height changes and allows the
(8 km/h) within the one minute period, the access Height vehicle to be driven at access Height but at a higher
request will be cancelled and the vehicle will return to speed than in access mode.
on-road Height. Crawl mode is selected when the vehicle is at the access
If the vehicle speed is more than 12 mph (20 km/h), the ride Height and 'Hold' is selected.
control module will wait for up to one minute for the
vehicle speed to be reduced.

If 'Access Height' has been selected, but the air

suspension control module has not lowered the vehicle
because the road speed is too high, when 'hold' is
selected the 'Access Height' request is cancelled and the
vehicle remains at on-road ride Height.
The 'Hold' button remains active so that all automatic

and manual Height changes are disabled.
Crawl mode allows the vehicle to be driven at speeds

up to 25 mph (40 km/h) without returning to the on-road
Height.
If the vehicle speed reaches 22 mph (35 km/h), a chime

will sound from the instrument cluster sounder and the
message center will display a 'SLOW DOWN' warning
message.
If the vehicle speed exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h), crawl

mode is cancelled and on-road Height will become
active automatically.

Notes
Lesson 4 – Diagnostics Objectives

• Follow the recommended route for diagnostics.
• Use the chart to process further diagnosis by eliminating certain scenarios or components.

Range Rover (LP) Lesson 4 – Diagnostics
RANGE ROVER (LP)
System Checks
Preliminary Checks
This section covers possible air suspension component faults. However a preliminary visual check of the
components within the system plus any relevant fuses and relays should be carried out prior to undertaking any
detailed fault diagnosis procedures. Full diagnostics are covered by the T4 diagnostic equipment.
Hard Ride
Possible Cause Remedy
Loss of air pressure in the system resulting in the chassis Check air system components for faults and air suspen-
bump stops resting on the front and rear axles sion harness for leaks
Incorrect ride height Re-calibrate the air suspension system. Refer to T4

diagnostic equipment

Lesson 4 – Diagnostics Range Rover (LP)
Permanent Standard Ride Height

Height sensor(s) inoperative due to loose or disconnected Reconnect multi-plug

multi-plug
Height sensor linkage disconnected or damaged Reconnect or renew height sensor linkage
Faulty height sensor(s) Renew height sensor(s)
Leaking air supply to air spring(s) Check air harness connections and pipes for damage or
scoring
Faulty or leaking air spring diaphragm Renew air spring assembly
Faulty pressure switch Refer to T4 diagnostic equipment
Air Suspension System Faulty or Inoperative

Blown air suspension system fuse Check for cause and renew Fuse 44
Blown fuse covering Height Control or Inhibit Switch Check for cause and renew Fuse 17
Faulty 'Height Control' switch resulting in the vehicle Refer to T4 diagnostic equipment to confirm the fault
height remaining at last height setting until the engine and renew 'Height Control' switch
is switched off
Faulty 'Inhibit' switch leading to vehicle not operating Refer to T4 diagnostic equipment to confirm the fault
automatically between standard and low modes and renew 'Inhibit' switch
Compressor inoperative resulting in no air pressure due Check and reconnect compressor multi-plug
to loose or disconnected multi-plug
Blown compressor maxi fuse Check for cause and renew maxi Fuse 2
Faulty compressor relay leading to the compressor Renew relay RL20

running continuously
Loss of air pressure in the air pressure system Check the air system components for faults and air
harness for leaks
Faulty delay relay Renew relay AMR3284

If the delay relay fails with a short circuit the system will
be powered constantly resulting in a flat battery

Range Rover (LP) Lesson 4 – Diagnostics
Excessive Front End Body Roll

Deflated air spring Check air system components for faults and air harness
for leaks. Rectify or renew components where necessary
Faulty valve block Refer to T4 diagnostic equipment
Vehicle Leaning and Air Suspension Inoperative

Faulty height sensor Refer to T4 diagnostic equipment to locate faulty height

sensor. Renew height sensor and re-calibrate air
suspension system
Incorrect height sensor calibration Re-calibrate the air suspension system
Message center Warnings - Requiring Driver Response

Message Meaning Solution
EAS MANUAL Vehicle locked in Access EAS warning! The vehicle is being
driven on its bump stops
SLOW 20 MPH MAX Road speed is too high for current Slow down to less than 20 mph
ride height
EAS FAULT There is a fault with the air suspen- Consult your Land Rover dealer
sion
SLOW 35 MPH MAX Air suspension fault Slow to 35 mph and seek qualified
assistance

Lesson 4 – Diagnostics Range Rover (LM)
RANGE ROVER (LM)
System Checks Ensure the floor used as the calibration area is level and
smooth in all directions to enable calibration to be
The air suspension system calibration must be carried carried out successfully.
out after the following components have been replaced:
• Air suspension ECU Diagnostics

• Height sensors
The air suspension ECU can store fault codes which
• Body panel incorporating suspension fixing points
can be retrieved using the T4 diagnostic equipment.
To calibrate the air suspension system connect the T4
The diagnostic information obtained through the
diagnostic equipment and follow the on-screen
diagnostic socket which is located in the fascia, in the
instructions.
driver's stowage tray.
Calibration Notes:
The fascia secured socket is protected by a hinged cover.
The vehicle can be calibrated laden or un-laden, but
The diagnostic socket allows the exchange of
Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) must not be exceeded.
information between the various ECU's on the various
Tires must be all the same size and at the correct tire bus systems and the T4 diagnostic equipment or a
pressures. diagnostic tool.

Range Rover (LM) Lesson 4 – Diagnostics
This allows fast retrieval of diagnostic information and • Too much energy used
programming of certain functions using the T4 • Height change takes too long
diagnostic equipment or suitable diagnostic tool.
• Long term filtered height does not reach target
Sensor activity:
Fault Detection
• Signal floating
The air suspension ECU performs fault detection and • Inconsistent signal characteristic (signal on one axle
plausibility checks. is varying but the other side remains static
Fault detection is limited to faults that the ECU can • Constant articulation when moving
directly measure.
These faults are as follows: Ride Quality

• Sensor hardware faults
When a fault is detected, the ECU will attempt to
• Valve hardware faults maintain a comfortable ride quality whilst maintaining
• Sensor faults a restricted functionality of the air suspension system.
• Actuator faults
• Bus failure System Functionality
• ECU hardware errors
The system functionality when a fault exists depends
on the severity of the detected fault.
Plausibility Checks
Faults are defined as minor or major.
Plausibility checks are checks on signal behavior. Minor faults:
These are as follows: • Most sensor faults (hardware or plausible faults)
Average height does not change correctly: • Cross link valve failure
• Height changes slowly • Reservoir valve failure
• Suspension moves in the wrong direction For most minor faults, height changes are inhibited
except for a return to the standard height setting.
Reservoir pressure:
If the air suspension system is not in standard height
• Does not increase when reservoir filling requested
mode, the air suspension ECU will respond with a
• Does not decrease when reservoir used to lift vehicle
request for a manual or automatic height change to
• Does not decrease when reservoir is vented return the vehicle to the standard ride height setting.
• Pressure varies too much when inactive
The air suspension ECU will continue to level the
Compressor temperature: vehicle at the current ride height.
• Increases when compressor inactive Major faults:
• Does not increase when compressor active • Compressor faults
'Energy' used to change height of corner: • Plausibility errors, for example:

• Average height does not increase when lifting and When the fault is repaired, the air suspension ECU will
vehicle is moving. This could be caused by a resume full functionality, but the CAN error remains in
compressor fault or fault in the reservoir valve. memory.
• Reservoir pressure decreases when filling requested.
This could be caused by a leak in the common gallery ECU Hardware Fault
of the valve block or connecting air harness
pipework. If the suspension is above standard ride height and the
ECU cannot lower the suspension or cannot determine
For major system faults, the air suspension ECU will
the vehicle height, all height changes will be frozen.
not level the vehicle at the current ride height.
The ECU will issue a message on the CAN bus which
The air suspension ECU freezes all height changes until
is received by the instrument pack, which displays a
it receives a manual or automatic request for height
maximum advisable speed in the message center of
change.
'35MPH'.
The ECU will return to standard height and freezes once
An immediate freeze of the vehicle height is caused by
standard height is achieved.
the following:
• Failure of more than one height sensor

Speed Signal Loss
• Implausible articulation detected
If the air suspension ECU loses information regarding • Valve or solenoid failure (does not include reservoir
vehicle speed, the ECU cannot determine if the current valve)
ride height is suitable for the vehicle speed.
• Stuck corner or whole vehicle diagnosed used
The ECU immediately returns to a 'Default Height', plausibility of sensor inputs
which is 20 mm below stand ride height (Motor way
If the air suspension ECU has a hardware fault, the ECU
ride height).
will disable all air suspension functions.
Once at the default height setting, the air suspension
Detectable hardware errors include memory error, ECU
ECU will continue to level the vehicle at this height
failure or calibration errors.
setting.
The loss of speed signal could be due to a fault in the

Fault Messages
CAN bus network or the ABS ECU.
A speed signal fault is unlikely to be a fault in the air The air suspension has two methods which it can use
suspension ECU. to inform the driver of a fault in the air suspension
system.
This fault could be caused for example, by disconnecting
the battery and not re-calibrating the steering sensor The methods used are as follows:
immediately upon battery re-connection. • Instrument pack message center
In this case a CAN bus fault is recorded in the error • Rotary control switch LED's
memory.
If this fault is seen, other ECU's using the CAN bus

should also be checked for fault codes.

LED's Messages
When minor faults occur and the air suspension ECU If a fault occurs and the ECU can determine the ride
is able to level the vehicle to the 'current ride height', height and the vehicle is not above the standard ride
the rotary control switch LED's will display the current height setting, the driver will be notified by an 'AIR
ride height. SUSP. INACTIVE' message in the message center.
When the vehicle returns to the standard ride height all If the air suspension ECU cannot determine the ride
further height changes are disabled, the 'Hold LED' in height of the vehicle the 'AIR SUSP. INACTIVE'
the rotary control switch will be permanently message is accompanied with an alternating 'MAX
illuminated. 35MPH' message.
If the air suspension ECU suffers a major failure and

there is no air suspension control, all the rotary control
switch LED's will remain unlit.

Bus Network
Bus Network Connection
Bus Network Connection • C = Diagnostic bus

• D = CAN bus
Connection Type:
• A = Hardware
• B = 'K' Bus

1. Fuse 15A - Permanent supply 13. Reservoir pressure sensor
2. Fusible link 100A 14. Valve block
3. Fuse 50A 15. Front cross link valve
4. Air suspension relay 16. Rear cross link valve
5. Compressor and motor 17. LHR height sensor
6. Temperature sensor 18. RHR height sensor
7. HP exhaust valve 19. LHF height sensor
8. Exhaust valve 20. RHF height sensor
9. Control switch 21. ABS ECU
10. Body Control Unit (BCU) 22. Instrument cluster
11. Air suspension ECU 23. Diagnostic socket
12. Driver door module (access mode

switch)

Pneumatic Circuit

Pneumatic Circuit
1. LHF damper /air spring 12. Compressor inlet /exhaust valve
2. Front cross link valve 13. HP exhaust valve
3. RHF damper /air spring 14. Exhaust pilot valve
4. LHF corner valve 15. Pressure limiting valve
5. Reservoir valve 16. Electric motor
6. RHF corner valve 17. Pressure relief valve
7. RHR corner valve 18. Restriction
8. LHR corner valve 19. Drier unit
9. RHR air spring 20. Compressor
10. Rear cross link valve 21. Reservoir
11. LHR air spring 22. Pressure sensor

2 . T4 Fault Code 53 (ECU Fault)
ECU Diagnosis 3 . T4 Fault Code 55 (ECU Calibration Fault)
4 . Communications to the EAS ECU have failed.

On a number of occaisions it has been found that the
Air Suspension ECU is being change when no fault
exists with the ECU. Bulletin LM204-001 04 2005
The ECU stores fault codes for numerous air suspension Bulletin LM204-001 04 2005 details the way that these
system component failures. four Fault Codes should be diagnosed before replacing
In the majority of cases, changing the ECU will an ECU.
re-activate the system and may appear to have rectified All other problems that appear to be ECU related are
the fault, but it will not solve the root cause of the due to other components and/or wiring/air harness faults.
problem.
Normal fault diagnosis should be used for component
Therefore an Air Suspension ECU Diagnosis procedure and harness faults.
has been implemented to prevent this occurence from
The solving of height sensor problems should always
being repeated.
be accompanied by re-calibrating the vehicle trim
heights.
ECU Fault Reasons
Should a customer express concern regarding air
There are only four reasons for changing the Air suspension, refer to the Diagnostic Procedure detailed
Suspension ECU: in the bulletin for correct system diagnosis before
changing the ECU.
1 . T4 Fault Code 52 (ECU Memory Fault)

Lesson 4 – Diagnostics Discovery Series II
Discovery Series II
System Checks • Initialize a SLABS ECU for operation and

configuration of functionality
Failures are indicated by the SLS warning lamp in the
• T4 diagnostic equipment will also be required to
bottom left corner of the instrument pack illuminating
calibrate the settings of new height sensors and
continuously in an amber color.
configure the remote transmitter (if applicable).
The SLABS ECU can be interrogated via T4 diagnostic
The following tables show the type of system failures
equipment to:
and their effects on the system operation.
• Diagnose faults stored in the ECU memory, current
or historic
• Test individual parts of the system
Height Sensors
Failure Effect
Sensor output stuck at 5v Vehicle will not level
Sensor output stuck at 0v Vehicle will not level
Mechanical link between radius arm and sensor broken Vehicle will not level

Discovery Series II Lesson 4 – Diagnostics
Door Switch Inputs

Failure Effect
Harness leads for open doors are broken or shorted to Air suspension levels when one or more doors are open
VBatt
Harness leads to door(s) shorted to earth Air suspension will not level
SLS off-road mode switch

Failure Effect
Fault in wiring harness Off-road mode cannot be selected
Failure of off-road mode switch Off-road mode is activated when switch has not been
selected
Air supply unit air control valves

Failure Effect
Valves open or short circuit Vehicle does not level or levels unevenly
Air supply unit compressor

Failure Effect
Faulty relay, harness fault or compressor fault Vehicle does not level upwards

Lesson 4 – Diagnostics Discovery Series II
Connector Details
ECU Connectors
Connector Information
Connector Pin Detail - C0504

Pin No Description Input or Output
C0504–1 Battery supply Input
C0504–2 Ignition supply Input
C0504–5 'K' line (diagnostics) Input/Output
C0504–12 Ground Input

C0654–1 Left height sensor supply Output
C0654–2 Left height sensor ground Input
C0654–3 Left height sensor feedback signal Input
C0654–4 Right height sensor supply Output
C0654–5 Right height sensor ground Input
C0654–6 Right height sensor feedback signal Input

Discovery Series II Lesson 4 – Diagnostics

C0655–1 Driver's door switch Input
C0655–2 Passenger and tailgate door switches Input
C0655–3 Left air valves Output
C0655–4 Right air valve Output
C0655–5 Exhaust valve Output
C0655–6 Air compressor (SLS relay) Output
C0655–7 Audible warning Output
C0655–8 SLS warning lamp Output
C0655–11 ORM switch /ORM warning lamp Input/Output
C0655–12 Remote handset raise /lower signal Input

Lesson 4 – Diagnostics Discovery 3 / LR3
DISCOVERY 3 / LR3
System Checks
Fault Detection
The air suspension control module can store fault codes
which can be retrieved using the T4 diagnostic unit. The air suspension control module performs fault
detection and plausibility checks.
Diagnostic information is obtained via the diagnostic
socket which is located in the lower instrument panel Fault detection is limited to faults that the control
closing panel, on the driver's side, below the steering module can directly measure:
column. • Sensor electrical hardware faults
The diagnostic socket allows the exchange of • Valve electrical hardware faults
information between the various control modules on the
• Sensor and actuator supply faults
bus systems and T4 system or diagnostic tool.
• Bus failures
This allows the fast retrieval of diagnostic information
• Control module hardware errors
and programming of certain functions using the T4
system. Plausibility checks are checks on signal behavior, as
follows:
Height Changes

Discovery 3 / LR3 Lesson 4 – Diagnostics
• Average height does not change correctly • Retain full functionality with no 'refinements'
• Height changes too slowly • Cross-link valves inoperative
Gallery Pressure • No compensation for uneven surfaces
• Does not increase fast enough when reservoir filling Pressure sensor faults, compressor faults, corner
requested valves stuck shut
• Increases when system is inactive • Road speed signal not available

• Too low when lifting is requested • Vehicle returns to on-road mode height when next
• Increases too rapidly when filling reservoir requested
• Does not decrease when gallery is vented • Levels at 'current' height
• Pressure varies too much when inactive Reservoir valve stuck open, exhaust valve stuck shut
if below on-road mode height, corner valves stuck
Compressor Temperature
open if above on-road mode height
• Sensor voltage too large - head and brush sensors
• Vehicle returns to on-road mode height when next
(short circuit to battery)
requested
• Takes too long to be readable after suitable
• Does not level at 'current' height
compressor run time - head and brush sensors
• Does not increase when compressor active - head Failure of multiple height sensors, cross-articulation
sensor only when driving, calibration corrupted
Sensor Activity • Vehicle lowers to bump stops
• Signal floating ABS module failure, CAN bus failure
• Constant articulation when moving • If the air suspension control module loses
communications with the ABS module or the ABS
When a fault is detected, the air suspension control
module reports a fault, the air suspension control
module will attempt to maintain a comfortable ride
module immediately returns to the 'default' height,
quality and where possible will retain as much
which is below the on-road ride height
functionality as possible.
• Once at the default height, the control module will
The system functionality depends on the severity of the
continue to level the vehicle at this height
fault.
• It is unlikely that the fault will be in the air
suspension control module
Fault Categories
• When the fault is repaired, the air suspension control
Faults are categorized into order of severity and effect module will resume full functionality but the error
on the system as follows: will remain in the control module memory
• 1 = Minor fault For major faults the control module will not level the
vehicle at the 'current' ride height.
• 5 = Major fault
The control module freezes height changes until it
Height sensor faults (hardware faults) and reservoir
receives a manual or automatic request for height
valve block failure
change.

The control module will return to standard height if Detectable hardware errors include memory error,
possible and freezes once standard height is achieved. control module failure and calibrations errors.
If the suspension is above the on-road height and the

air suspension control module cannot lower the Fault Messages
suspension, all height changes will be frozen.
The air suspension has two methods which it can use
to inform the driver of a fault in the air suspension
ABS / CAN Failures
system; the air suspension switch LED's and the
instrument cluster message center.
The control module will issue a message on the high
speed CAN bus which is received by the instrument When minor faults occur and the air suspension control
cluster which displays a maximum advisable speed in module is able to level the vehicle to the 'current' ride
the message center. height, the air suspension switch LED's will display the
current ride height.
An immediate 'freeze' of the vehicle height is caused
by the following: If the air suspension control module suffers a major
failure and there is no air suspension control, all the
• Failure of more than one height sensor - vehicle on
control switch LED's will remain off.
bump stops
• Implausible articulation symptoms detected - vehicle If a fault occurs and the air suspension control module
on bump stops can determine the ride height and the vehicle is not
above on-road height, the driver will be notified via an
• Valve or solenoid failure - corner valve stuck open
'air suspension fault max speed 18.6 mph (30 km/h)'
below on-road height or exhaust valve stuck shut
warning in the message center.
above on-road height
• Stuck corner or whole vehicle (diagnosed using If the control module cannot determine the height of the
plausibility of the sensor inputs) vehicle, or the vehicle is above on-road height, cannot
be lowered and the vehicle speed is too high, an air
If height change is not possible, e.g. exhaust valve failed
suspension fault message is displayed.
closed at off-road height or compressor failed at access
height, the control module will not level or change If the vehicle is restricted to on-road height an air
height. suspension fault normal height only message is
displayed.
If the air suspension control module has a hardware
fault, the control module will disable all air suspension
functions.

Connector Information

1 Rear control valve - Cross link valve - positive (+) Output
2 Not used Not used
3 Not used Not used
4 Not used Not used
5 Air supply unit - Motor temperature sensor signal Input
6 Not used Not used
7 Air supply unit - Motor temperature sensor - Ground Input
8 Switch pack display - Raising LED Output
9 Switch pack display - Lowering LED Output
10 Switch pack display - On-road mode LED Output
11 Rear control valve - Cross link valve - negative (-) Input
12 Not used Not used
17 Switch pack display - Crawl mode LED Output
18 Switch pack display - Access mode LED Output
20 Input Switch pack - Raise switch signal Input

1 Air supply unit voltage signal input from Air supply unit Input
relay
2 Reservoir control valve - Pressure sensor - 5 volt supply Output
3 Reservoir control valve - Pressure sensor - Signal Input

4 Reservoir control valve - Pressure sensor - Ground Input
5 Air supply unit - Exhaust valve - Negative (-) Input
6 Air supply unit - Exhaust valve - Positive (+) Output
7 Not used Not used
8 Not used Not used

1 12V Permanent battery supply Input
2 Compressor temperature sensor - Signal Input
3 Front LH height sensor - 5 Volt supply
4 Front LH height sensor - Signal Input
5 Front LH height sensor - Ground Input
6 Air supply unit relay coil - positive
7 Air supply unit relay coil - ground Input
8 Reservoir control valve coil - positive (+)
9 Front control valve - RH corner valve - negative (-) Input
10 Front control valve - RH corner valve - positive (+)
11 Front control valve - LH corner valve - negative (-) Input
12 Front control valve - LH corner valve - positive (+)
14 Front RH height sensor - 5V supply
15 Front RH height sensor - signal Input
16 Front RH height sensor - ground Input
17 Compressor temperature sensor - ground Input

21 Reservoir control valve coil - negative (-) Input
22 Front control valve - cross link valve - positive (+)
23 Front control valve - cross link valve - negative (-) Input
24 Ground Input

1 Rear control valve - LH corner valve positive (+) Output
2 Rear control valve - LH corner valve negative (-) Input
3 Door status signal from CJB Input
4 Switch pack - Lower switch signal Input
5 Rear LH height sensor - 5v supply Output
6 Rear LH height sensor - Signal Input
7 Rear LH height sensor - Ground Input
8 Rear RH height sensor - 5v supply Output
9 Rear RH height sensor - Signal Input
10 Rear RH height sensor - Ground Input
11 Rear control valve - RH corner valve positive (+) Output
12 Rear control valve - RH corner valve negative (-) Input
13 Air suspension control - CJB signal Input
14 Switch pack display - LED ground Input
15 Switch pack display - LED high Output
16 CAN IN positive (+) Input
17 CAN OUT positive (+) Output
18 CAN OUT negative (-) Input
19 CAN IN negative (-) Output
20 12v ignition switch supply Input

Control Schematic

1. Fuse 26E (20 amp) 12. Exhaust valve solenoid
2. Fusible link 11E (30 amp) 13. Air suspension control module
3. Ignition switch 14. Central junction box (CJB)
4. Fuse 35P (5 amp) 15. Reservoir control valve
5. Fusible link 10E (60 amp) 16. Air suspension control switch
6. Air supply unit relay 17. Front valve block
7. Fuse 3E (5 amp) 18. Rear valve block
8. Air supply unit 19. RHR height sensor
9. Compressor temperature sensor 20. LHR height sensor
10. Motor 21. RHF height sensor
11. Motor temperature sensor 22. LHF height sensor

Lesson 4 – Diagnostics 2006MY Range Rover (LM)
System Checks Fault detection is limited to faults that the control

module can directly measure, as follows:
The air suspension control module can store fault codes
• Sensor electrical hardware faults
which can be retrieved using T4.
• Valve electrical hardware faults
The diagnostics information is obtained via the
• Sensor and actuator supply faults
diagnostic socket which is located in the instrument
panel, in the drivers stowage tray. • Bus failures
• Control module hardware errors.
The socket is secured in the instrument panel and
protected by a hinged cover. Plausibility checks are checks on signal behaviour, as
follows:
The diagnostic socket allows the exchange of
information between the various control modules on the • Average height does not change correctly
bus systems and T4 or a diagnostic tool. • Height changes too slowly
This allows the fast retrieval of diagnostic information • Gallery Pressure
and programming of certain functions using T4. – Does not increase fast enough when reservoir
The air suspension control module performs fault filling requested
detection and plausibility checks. – Increases when system is inactive
– Too low when lifting is requested

2006MY Range Rover (LM) Lesson 4 – Diagnostics
– Increases too rapidly when filling reservoir – Vehicle returns to on-road height when next
– Does not decrease when gallery is vented requested
– Pressure varies too much when inactive. – Does not level at 'current' height.
• Compressor Temperature • Failure of multiple height sensors, cross-articulation

when driving, calibration corrupted
– Sensor voltage too large - head and brush
temperature sensor (short circuit to battery) – Vehicle lowers to bump stops.
– Takes too long to be readable after suitable • ABS module failure, CAN bus failure
compressor run time - head and brush temperature – If the air suspension control module loses
sensor communications with the ABS module or the
– Does not increase when compressor is active - ABS module reports a fault, the air suspension
head temperature sensor only. control module immediately returns to the default
height, which is below the on-road height. Once
• Sensor Activity
at the default height, the control module will
– Signal floating
continue to level the vehicle at this height. It is
– Constant articulation when moving. unlikely that the fault will be in the air suspension
When a fault is detected, the control module will attempt control module. When the fault is repaired, the
to maintain a comfortable ride quality and where air suspension control module will resume full
possible will retain as much functionality as possible. functionality but the error will remain in the
control module memory.
The system functionality depends on the severity of the
fault. For major faults the control module will not level the
vehicle at the 'current' ride height.
Faults
The control module freezes height changes until it
Faults are categorised into order of severity and effect
receives a manual or automatic request for height
on the system as follows:
change.
• Height sensor faults (hardware faults) and reservoir
The control module will return to on-road height and
valve block failure
freezes once on-road height is achieved.
– Retain full functionality with no 'refinements',
e.g. cross-link valves inoperative, no If the suspension is above the on-road height and the
compensation for uneven surfaces. air suspension control module cannot lower the
suspension, all height changes will be frozen.
• Pressure sensor faults, compressor faults, corner
valves stuck shut The control module will issue a message on the high
– Road speed signal not available speed CAN bus which is received by the instrument
cluster which displays a maximum advisable speed in
– Vehicle returns to on-road height when next
the message center.
requested
– Levels at 'current' height. An immediate 'freeze' of the vehicle height is caused
by one of the following:
• Reservoir valve stuck open, exhaust valve stuck shut
if below on-road height, corner valves stuck open if
above on-road height

• Failure of more than one height sensor - vehicle on Fault Messages

bump stops
The air suspension has two methods which it can use
• Implausible articulation symptoms detected - vehicle
to inform the driver of a fault in the air suspension
on bump stops
system; the air suspension control switch LEDs and the
• Valve or solenoid failure - corner valve stuck open
instrument cluster message center.
below on-road height or exhaust valve stuck shut
above on-road height If the air suspension control module suffers a major
failure and there is no air suspension control, all the
• Stuck corner or whole vehicle (diagnosed using
control switch LEDs will remain unlit.
plausibility of the sensor inputs).
If a fault occurs and the control module can determine
If height change is not possible, e.g. exhaust valve failed
the ride height and the vehicle is not above on-road
closed at off-road height or compressor failed at access
height, the driver will be notified via a message in the
height, the control module will not level or change
message center.
height.
If the control module cannot determine the height of the
If the air suspension control module has a hardware
vehicle, or the vehicle is above on-road height and
fault, the control module will disable all air suspension
cannot be lowered, a message is displayed and
functions. Detectable hardware errors include memory
accompanied with a maximum speed message.
error, control module failure, calibrations errors.
The following table shows messages related to the air
suspension system.
Message Other Warnings Meaning
SUSPENSION FAULT One chime A fault has been detected in the air
NORMAL HEIGHT ONLY suspension system and only on-road
(normal) height is available.
SUSPENSION FAULT Two chimes repeated every 30 A major fault has been detected in
MAX SPEED 30MPH (50KPH) seconds if speed exceeded the air suspension system and it is
unable to control the height correctly.
SLOW DOWN OR VEHICLE Two chimes Vehicle will automatically raise to

WILL RAISE on-road height if speed increases.
SLOW DOWN OR VEHICLE One chime Vehicle will automatically lower to

WILL LOWER on-road height from off-road height
if speed increases.
SUSPENSION WILL LIFT None Air suspension compressor is

WHEN SYSTEM COOLED cooling. Lifting will resume when
compressor has cooled.

Message Other Warnings Meaning
VEHICLE LIFTING None Vehicle is lifting slowly from

SLOWLY compressor only because reservoir is
empty. Only displayed if lift time
exceeds 12 seconds.
EXTENDED MODE One chime Vehicle body has become grounded

on an obstacle.
RESET HEIGHT IF None Press air suspension rotary control

CLEAR OF OBSTACLE switch downwards to exit the
extended mode.
SUSPENSION LOCKED AT None Crawl mode has been selected.

ACCESS HEIGHT
CLOSE DOORS TO One chime Re-select height if door was open for
CHANGE HEIGHT more than 90 seconds or air suspen-
sion height change is restricted
because a door is open.
SPEED TOO HIGH One chime A height change has been requested
TO CHANGE HEIGHT that is not allowed, e.g. vehicle speed
to high to select off-road height.
SUSPENSION FAULT One chime A fault has been detected in the air
suspension system.
START ENGINE TO None The vehicle height can only be raised

RAISE VEHICLE if the engine is running.
SUSPENSION LOWERED None The vehicle has lowered to access

height because of a failure of another
vehicle system.
The control module then uses a software model to
operate the compressor as required.
Reservoir
The reservoir supplies pressurised air to the four air System Pneumatic Circuit
springs, via the reservoir valve block, to enable the air
suspension system to raise the vehicle more quickly. The following schematic diagram shows the connection
relationship between the air supply unit, the reservoir,
The air suspension control module assumes the reservoir
the reservoir valve block, the cross-link valves and the
has sufficient pressure, which is measured before a
air springs.
vehicle raise is started.

System Schematic Circuit Diagram

Schematic Call Out Table

Item Description
1. Front left hand air spring
2. Front axle valve block
3. Cross link valve
4. Front right hand air spring
5. Front left hand corner valve
6. Front right hand corner valve
7. Reservoir valve
9. Pressure sensor
10. Rear right hand corner valve
11. Rear left hand corner valve
12. Rear right hand air spring
13. Cross link valve
14. Rear axle valve block
15. Rear left hand air spring
17. Pressure relief valve and exhaust valve
18. Motor temperature sensor
19. Electric motor
20. Compressor
21. Air drier assembly
22. Compressor temperature
23. Reservoir

Air Suspension Control Diagram
NOTE: A = Hardwired; D = CAN Bus high speed

Item Description
1. Ignition switch
2. Fuse 7P (5 amp) - CJB Ignition switch position II supply
3. Fuse 57P (20 amp) - Permanant supply from battery
4. Maxi fuse 62 (40 amp) - CJB
5. Battery
6. Fusible link 5P (100 amp) - Permanant supply from battery
7. Maxi fuse 22R (60 amp) - Permanant supply from battery
8. Air suspension relay in rear fuse box
9. Fuse 13R (5 amp) - Battery voltage signal to control module
10. Compressor and motor
11. Pilot exhaust valve solenoid
12. Compressor temperature sensor
14. Exhaust valve
15. Control switch
16. Generic Electronic Module (GEM)
17. Driver's door module access mode switch
18. Rear valve block
19. Front valve block
20. Left hand rear height sensor
21. Right hand rear height sensor
23. Left hand front height sensor
24. Right hand front height sensor
25. CAN bus interface with other control modules
26. Diagnostic socket

Lesson 5 – Service Procedures Objectives

• Locate bulletins appropriate to air suspension systems.
• Keep a record of future bulletins as they are released for reference.

Service Information Lesson 5 – Service Procedures
Service
Use this area to record service bulletins that are issued

in relation to air suspension systems.

Lesson 5 – Service Procedures Service Information
Service Bulletins
Model Bulletin Date Issued Bulletin Subject
Range Rover LH 60 02 94 EN 07 01 94 ECU re-calibration
Range Rover LH 60 08 94 EN 18 05 94 Pressure switch stuck open
Range Rover LH 60 10 94 EN 25 05 94 Valve block and driver box parts

available separately
Range Rover LH 60 13 94 EN 06 12 94 Humming noise from compressor
Range Rover LH 60 12 94 EN 07 12 94 Front height sensor out of range
Range Rover LH 68 01 95 EN 19 04 95 Blocked pressure switch (issue 2)
Range Rover LP 68 06 95 EN 12 04 95 Droning noise when compressor

running
Range Rover LP 68 03 97 EN 15 04 97 Exhaust silencer causing slow down-

ward operation
Range Rover LP 68 08 95 EN 13 06 95 Front height sensor water ingress
Range Rover LP 0005 07 10 98 Revised valve block introduced -

transfer rubber cap
Range Rover LP 0007 04 11 98 Inconsistent ride height - driver warn-

ings (new ECU)
Range Rover LP 0012 02 06 99 Compressor noise - new rubber

mounts
Range Rover LP 0013 30 06 99 Vehicle drops when parked - air leak
Range Rover LP 0020 01 08 01 Height sensor replacement kits
Range Rover LP 0026 28 08 02 Front spring failure in high ambient

temperatures
Range Rover LP 0027 16 10 02 Rear suspension deflates - air pipe

replacement
Range Rover LP 0028 23 10 02 Air suspension inoperative - warning

lamp illuminated
Range Rover LM 0024 27 03 02 T4 diagnostic equipment - height re-

calibration process

Model Bulletin Date Issued Bulletin Subject
Range Rover LM A/B/D 293 05 10 02 Rear spring durability - fit pressure

relief valve to lower system air pres-
sure and reconfigure ECU
Range Rover LM BD133v3 01 04 2004 Cold climate air spring deflation - fit
later parts and re-calibrate ECU soft-
ware
Range Rover LM 0033 25 06 04 Compressor overheat - re-calibration

of ECU with new parameters
Range Rover LM LM204-001 04 January 2005 No faults found on returned control

modules - ECU diagnostic process
chart
Range Rover LM LM204-004 06 June 2005 Intermittent suspension fault -

distorted height sensors
Range Rover LM LM204-003 03 June 2005 Reservoir pressure sensor - pressure

sensor available separately
Range Rover LM LM100-001 18 April 2005 Diagnostics - bulletin states which

applications are covered by T4 and
WDS at 2006 air suspension is
covered by WDS
Discovery Series II 0029 04 12 02 Ride quality deterioration or deflates

- warning lamp on
Discovery 3 /LR3 LA204-002 21 April 2005 Air suspension down at front - air
supply pipe build error

Discovery 3 / LR3 Rear Adaptor - Ride Height
Height Setting Tools
Wheel Adaptor - Ride Height
Scale - Ride Height
Wheel Adaptor Boss
Scale Extension - Long
Front Adaptor - Ride Height

Scale Extension - Short Tool Usage
Calibrated Level Surface
Tool Usage

Tool Usage

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Curriculum Training

Air Suspension Systems

Technical Training LRE 077_1 en 05/2005

Technical Training (G538468) 1

Land Rover Systems............................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Lesson 1 – General Information

Range Rover (LP)....................................................................................................................................... 10

Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................................... 12

Discovery Series II...................................................................................................................................... 14

2006MY Range Rover (LM) ..................................................................................................................... 18

Lesson 2 – Component Description

Range Rover (LP)....................................................................................................................................... 22

Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................................... 33

2006MY Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................... 89

Lesson 3 – Principles of Operation

Range Rover (LP)....................................................................................................................................... 116

System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 116

Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................................... 124

System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 125

Discovery Series II...................................................................................................................................... 139

System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 139

Discovery 3 / LR3........................................................................................................................................ 144

System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 144

2006MY Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................... 154

System Control....................................................................................................................................................................................... 154

Range Rover (LP)....................................................................................................................................... 168

System Checks....................................................................................................................................................................................... 168

Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................................... 171

System Checks....................................................................................................................................................................................... 171

Discovery Series II...................................................................................................................................... 179

Discovery 3 / LR3........................................................................................................................................ 183

2006MY Range Rover (LM)...................................................................................................................... 191

System Checks....................................................................................................................................................................................... 191

Lesson 5 – Service Procedures

Service Information.................................................................................................................................... 200

Service Bulletins.................................................................................................................................................................................... 201

Height Setting Tools............................................................................................................................................................................... 203

Workshop safety Chemicals, Oils and Solvents

Ensure that all risks are completely minimised.

• Wing covers • Gloves

• Seat covers • Overalls

• Floor protection • Footwear

Operating guidelines Driving

Operating vehicle features, such as ICE, mobile phones

Air Suspension Introduction Land Rover Systems

Today, air springs are to be found on a large proportion

Air suspension systems use air springs instead of

The air spring system has computer operated vents on

This allows the system to maintain vehicle ride height

Air filled rubber or elastomer air bags are pressurized

Technical Training (G538468) 7

On completing this lesson, you will be able to:

• Explain the different air suspension modes of operation.

Technical Training (G538470) 9

RANGE ROVER (LP)

Range Rover (LP)

Electronic Air Suspension (EAS) Benefits

Air suspension systems provide a near constant ride

10 (G538469) Technical Training

• Access/Crawl mode The Electronic Air Suspension (EAS) must be