Midterm exam

1) Integration.

Preparation:
·
Basic
integration formulas:10+ basic formulas.
·
substitution,
7.1:
Judo=nr-Judu

Indr=nol?-(ardu
Ex.
Gxedx, (x1uxdx, (xcosxdx, etc.

7.2.
(sin"xcos dx Itan"x secYxdx

/sinmxcosnxdx, etc.

7.3.
substitution.
trig
a x
-
x a tan
=
Q
asinQ X asecQ
=

X
=
 rational
7.4 function:
I dx
I
partial fraction techniques.
other examples.
Strategy
7.5 for integration.

Ex.
( anx dx

try
(ex:(axdx=(xxdx =
 =
tan X
u= Fan u

sec dx
zudu=

sec tank
=> + 1 n4
=

1
+

zud4
dx
=>
=

-x , du
=

)Fxdx =

fudu=2/ du

I
rational function.
u+ 1 u4 zn+ 1
=
+
-
zu

(n+1)"
=
-

(24) (n xn
=
+
+

1)(a) -

xu 1)
+

-
0 ( x)=
=
-
4 2
= -
4 -
= 240

both are irreducible

 2

U au b
+
cu + d
t
-

+EU+1 nzU+
(a+EU+1)(nEU+1)
clear the denominators, we have

u
=(au b)(v
+
-

zu +

1) (cu
+
d)(n ru
+ +
+

1)()
(1) Coeff of UP: 0 a
=
c
+

c
=
=
-
a

b d d =
b
soeft of
= -

1: 0
= +

so (A) becomes

u
=
(au+ b)(n2 E -

n+1) -

(au+ b)(n2n
+
1)
=(au+b) (nrn+ 1 - 2 xu
-
-

1)
--
2(u(an b) +
 =>
u= -
2=u(au b) +

E
=>
b 0.a
=

E
=
=
-

E 20 ---

SO 2

U
all au
-

+ Eu+ vEU+
(a+ U+1)(nEU+1)

2) du =2a)( aruti du-Jandu) Il 11

I #

I
J arat, du =?
=
 + En+ 1 u 2.Eu
= +

()+ 1- 1)
+

ne

(u 2
=
+

(I)
+ I

I
=

1
Jatrat,du= +() du - >

E I de
v u
=
+ E Ez
=

du du
=
u 0
=>
=

-
-(
d- )
= =
↓
a

=zudu!
t v+
=

t
at
in () arctan()
(Edt
=Int" (n(u
=
+
) C
+

-...
....
#=
Sau du

Method 1:continue similarly as I =

( it du

Method 2:0 = -
u u =
-
0

du = - du

#=
Sau du
(
+,
=
du)

->

It de becomes I.
 b -
a

acx,Xz?...cXn b,oX xi
= =
-
xi +
=
-

Xo
=

1) R

x:* =[Xi-I, Xi] =n

1i

x.*
f(x)
In
1:

Sb fixidx lim
=

n c
=
=
i 1
ox
Xi-1
R 8 A

Xi

=xi
2) (n 2,f(xi
=
-
) ox x -1

Rn 2f(xi)0x
=
x =Xi

= (Xi Xi)
[f(xi)ox Xi = +

-
1
Mn
=

i1
=

Trapezoidal rule

Tn (f(x0)
=

2f(x) 2f(x2)
+
+
..
+
+
2f(xn 1) -
f(xn) =
+

=((n Rn).
+

=
 Simpson'srule
n is even

Sn (f(x)
=

4f(x)) 2f(x2) 4f(x)) 2f(xx)

+
+ + + ...
+

+ 4f(xn 1)
-
f(xn))
+

=>
in +
5Mn.

3) Error term estimate.

Ei
=

Mn-SfNxdx

Et Tn
= -

(af(x)dX

Es Sn-S,fexdx,
=
Ea(af(x)dx average
=

of f(x) over [a, b].

2. Application of integration.

Area between f(x) and y g(x)

=

=) ..
curves y=

from xa =
x
to b
=

yx y
=

f(x)

s
(!(f(x)
=

(af(x-gixidx+(gix-
txox",
-

g(x))dx
X

(*)
For Figure (*)

· (Polar coordinates) Area between curves v f(x)

=
and
b a b
g(0) from 0
=

0 a
=

to
=

r 8 C
=

asdot.
=

r g(0)
=

s
(=(f(a)" g(0)2)da
=
-

(sa-fado+(
For Figure (*x1
2) Volume

cylinder method shell method

fA(x)dX
v (2πrhdx
=

raim neight*thickness
v
=

I
area"of cross-section.

dV:
FFE---13dX

-
↓
A(X) I
r
3) auclength C

e fds
=
ds a
=
(dy)" de 2

(ds)" (dX)"
= (dy)
+

·
y f(x),dy f(x)dx
= = ds fixdx
=

g(y)dx g(y)dyds
=

(y)"dy
=

arti
·
x
=

f(a)ds r da
>
·
r =
= +

0
X

crda)
(ds) (dr+
=
4) surface area of revolution

radius
↓

"
f
S 2πrds

=
S -

circumference

>
Ends
r

EX-
 intersection:
X 5y
= -
zy2 5y zy2 y2
= -

y
E
-

y2y y 0,
=

x =
=

3y 6yE
E
=>

y 2
=

Area (?/54-24-19231)
= dy

54 -
2y2-y2y( 3y2 -

64>8

=>3y(y-2) < 0
I
-
S
>
-
-

O 2

y =
=> (0,z)

so
y =(0,2) 5y-zy" y2y

Area (?159-2y"-19231/dy
=

(254-2y2 -(y2 =

or ee
-

y) dy
>8
=

J. 6y-342dy (y- yi)!.

=
-

3.22
= -
2 12
= -
8 4
=
 y
X 4

it
y 2x
=

y 32
=

y=0 32
-

X >x
-

y 2x4x
=

(z)*
=
r
= =
radius

Area of cross-section y
at Tr
=

H(*)
=

Average i)
=
I(E)*dy

stisase" i
 y 4cos X
x
=

↑
y 2 SinzX
=

y zsinc 0
=

X 0:
=

y 4cOSX is above
=

so =

y 4c0s0 4
=
=

y 2
=
sin2x, by the graph.
 n)x
h 4c0sx-2sin2 x
=

with h
cross-section at
X: equilateral triangle side

Eh
i
e
+
1) h* =
t
= =

h
I

Area 2.h.1
=

Eh
=

I
volume I *hdx
=

j(410sx-2inzx)"dx
area cross-section -

I (16cosx-16cosxsin2x+4sinx)
-

10 I (1+ cos2x)
=

sin2 x I
=

(1-10s4X)
sin3
sin2x= x + sinx
cosX

-* 2(1-10s4X) dx
⑧(12x)- 16(ssinx) +

odd function even func

even

2.2(8(1 xs2x)
=
+
2(1
+
-

c0s4x)dX
(E10
-
810s2x-21034x dx
+

(10x
=

sinzx-sin4x))*
+

E(10.
=
0)
+

4
=

5π.
=

typo: 02x x4!

ener area
245
=
ds
 &

0.x 14 ↑

ds Ady=Ndx
=

y x
=
xt * r =

=
as =

dx Area=(224.Ex atx ⑧
dx

2π).x
=

1
+
dX = 2π
S I
. du
u 2x 1 = +

du 2dx =

dx Idu
=

x 0 u 1
=
=
-

x 4
=
u
+
9
=

i)," nidu
i 5 (9-1) 4.
=

+
=
=
=
 G
(n(12 x)
3
= -

y --------

"
y In 3
=

(a). In 3 x (n (12)
y = an
x0
=

y (n(12
= -

x2) e
=
12 -

xx xe
=
r
=

volume =

( ir2.dy
f(nR
=

In 3
i (12 94) dy
-
(b). T(12y-es)
=
12 x
=

((n12-(n3) -

i)eln- ein)
12π(n4
= -
π(12 3)
- 12π1n4 -94
=

(121n4-9)
=

i.

5
 0xy - 8 (2x <1)
consider the cross-section.
y,
at 3
y 8X
=

radius r x
=

(y)
=

(y 8x
=
x
= =

(y)i) ---
height dy
5
The slice ofthe cyclinder is

ofvolume it "dy

Such the
is
water ofmass firdy

and require work

4.9.(5+4) -

Force distance

total work =

(" 9459(5 +y)dy e9+).

=

r 5+y)dy
e95). 18)*
=

15+y)dy

(y515 (*).sy yay

*
4)dy
= =

8 2
=

⑤+1

*
=

(5* 11
(*(5395 885)
-

2*(3.25 82) +
=
+

(3.25 3.25)
+

2*
=
6.25 3.24.99π
=

=>
48π99.