Basic Math Formulae For Physics

Physical constants:
−31
 Mass of an electron ( M e )=9.1×10 kg.
−27
 Mass of a proton ( M p ) =1.6725× 10 kg .
−27
 Mass of a neutron ( M n ) =1.6746 ×10 kg .
 Charge of an electron (e) ¿−1.6 ×10 C .
−19

 Speed of light in vacuum (c) ¿ 3 ×108 m/sec .

 Planck Constant (h) ¿ 6.6256 ×10−34 J × sec .
 Universal Gravitation constant (G)=6.67 ×10−11 Nm2 /kg 2.
 Avogadro Number (NA) ¿ 6.023 ×1023 mol−1.
 Boltzmann constant ( K )=1.38 ×10−23 J /K
 Stefan Constant ( σ )=5.67 ×10−8 W m−2 K −4.
 Wien Displacement Constant (b) ¿ 2.898 ×10−3 mK .
 Solar Constant (S)=1.388 ×103 W m−2.
 Mass of the sun (MS) ¿ 2 ×1030 kg .
 Mass of the earth (ME)=5.98× 1024 kg .
 Radius of the earth ( ℜ)=6400 Km .=6.4 ×10 6 m.
 Density of earth 5.522 ×103 kg /m3.
 Average angular velocity of the earth ¿ 7.29 ×10−5 rad . ¿ sec.
 Average distance between the sun and earth ¿ 1.5 ×1011 m.
 Average distance between moon and the earth ¿ 3.84 × 108 m.
 Magnetic Moment of the earth ¿ 6.4 × 1021 Amp . Xm 2.
 1 Light year ¿ 9.46 × 1015 m.
 1A.U. ¿ 1.496 ×1011 m.
m.
−10
 1 A=10
 1 Pound ¿ 0.4536 kg=453.6 gm
Vector Algebra
 Differentiation Formulae

1 Differentiation of a constant c is zero d ( a x) x

dc 10 =a log e
a

=0 dx
dx
d (cy ) dy d log a ⁡x 1
2 =c 11 = log e ⁡a
dx dx dx x

d ( xn ) d (sin ⁡x )
3 =n x
n−1 12 =cos ⁡x
dx dx
d (cos ⁡x )
13 =−sin ⁡x
dx
 d [f (x )± g(x )] df (x) dg( x) d (tan ⁡x )
4 = ± 14 =sec 2 ⁡x
dx dx dx dx
5 d (cot ⁡x )
15 =−cosec 2 ⁡x
d {f (x)g (x) } f ( x)dg (x) g(x )df (x) dx
= +
dx dx dx
d (cosec ⁡x )
dy dy du 16 =−cosec ⁡x cot ⁡x
6 = dx
dx du dx
d (sec ⁡x )
x 17 =sec ⁡x tan ⁡x
de x dx
7 =e
dx
n
du n−1 du
8 =nu
dx dx
d log e x
1
9 =
dx x
Integration: 11 ∫ e x dx=e x + c
n+1 n+1
n x n x
∫ x dx= + C , n ≠−1. 12 ∫ x dx= + C , n ≠−1 , n rational
n+1 n+1
Particularly, ∫ dx=x+ c ∫ dx=∫ dx=x +C ¿ special case ¿
1 ∫ dx=x+ c Where c=¿ constant −cos ⁡( Ax +B)
n+1 13 ∫ sin ⁡( Ax+ B)dx= +C
n +1 x A
2 ∫ x dx= +C
n+1 sin ⁡kx
14 ∫ cos ⁡kxdx= +C
3 ∫ dx /x=log e ⁡x +c k
4 ∫ sin ⁡xdx =−cos ⁡x +c 15 ∫ cos ⁡xdx=sin ⁡x +C
ax 16 ∫ sin ⁡xdx =−cos ⁡x +C
5 ∫ sin ⁡axdx=−cos ⁡ 2
a 17 ∫ sec ⁡xdx=tan ⁡x +c
6 ∫ cos ⁡xdx=sin ⁡x +c 18 2
∫ cosec ⁡xdx =−cot ⁡x +c
7 ∫ Sec 2 ⁡xdx =tan ⁡x +c 19 ∫ sec ⁡x tan ⁡xdx=sec ⁡x + c
8 ∫ cosec 2 ⁡xdx =−cot ⁡x +c 20 ∫ cosec ⁡x cot ⁡xdx=−cosec ⁡x+ c
9 ∫ Sec ⁡x tan ⁡xdx =Sec ⁡x +c dx −1
21 ∫ =sin ⁡x+ c
10 ∫ cosec ⁡x cot ⁡xdx=−cosec ⁡x+ c √ 1−x 2

dx −1
22 ∫ =−cos ⁡x +c
√ 1−x 2

dx −1
23 ∫ 2
=tan ⁡x +c
1+ x
Formula Differentiation
d
1
d
(sin ⁡x)=cos ⁡x 1 ( sin−1 ⁡x ) = 1 2
dx dx √ 1−x
d
2
dx
(cos ⁡x)=−sin ⁡x 2
d
( cos−1 ⁡x )= −1 2
dx √1−x
d 2
d
3
dx
(tan ⁡x)=sec ⁡x
3 ( tan−1 ⁡x )= 1 2
dx 1+ x
d 2
(cot ⁡x)=−csc ⁡x
4
dx 4
d
( cot−1 ⁡x ) = −1 2
dx 1+ x
 d d 1
5 (sec ⁡x)=sec ⁡x tan ⁡x 5 ( sec−1 ⁡x ) =
dx dx ¿ x ∨√ x 2−1
d d −1
6 (csc ⁡x)=−csc ⁡x cot ⁡x 6 ( csc −1 ⁡x ) =
dx dx ¿ x∨ √ x 2−1
d d x
7 (sinh ⁡x)=cosh ⁡x ( a )=a x ln ⁡a
dx 7
dx
d d x
8 (cosh ⁡x )=sinh ⁡x ( e ) =e x
dx 8
dx
d 2
d 1
9 (tanh ⁡x )=sech ⁡x
dx 9
dx
( log a ⁡x ) =
(ln ⁡a) x
d 2
10 (coth ⁡x)=−csch ⁡x d
dx 10 (ln ⁡x)=1 /x
dx
d
11 (sech ⁡x )=−sech ⁡x tanh ⁡x dy dy du dy dv du
dx Chain Rule: = × = × ×
dx du dx dv du dx
d
12 (csch ⁡x )=−csch ⁡x ⋅coth ⁡x
dx