AUSTRALIA
Phung Hai Chi, MA. ED- HANU- Sept, 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02
COUNTRY & PEOPLE HISTORY
Introduction
Physical Geography Aboriginal & Encounters with the
Human Geography Whites
Colonial time
03 Road to Federation (1901)
VALUES & BELIEFS
Laid-back lifestyle
Mate-ship
01.
COUNTRY & PEOPLE
Introduction
Physical Geography
Human Geography
INTRODUCTION
1 NAME
1 Commonwealth of
Australia or Australia
NEPTUNE
2 FEATURE
2 Australia is a continent, a
country and an island at
the same time.
LOCATION
MERCURY
3 Australia's nearest neighbour:
3 Papua New Guinea, 200km north.
Australia lies 1920km west of New
Zealand &, 2000km to the north of
Antarctica.
INTRODUCTION
01 04
Northern Territory Queensland
02 05
Western Australia New South Wales
03 06
South Australia Victoria
07
Tasmania
INTRODUCTION
Capital city: CANBERRA
It is located in Australian Capital territory
Capitol Hill Houses of Parliament
New South Wales
The Harbour Bridge Sydney AMP Tower
Capital: Sydney
Leading industrial Opera House
city.
Population:
3,200,000
Victoria:
Capital:
Melbourne
Old House
Flinder Street
Melbourne Bridge
Train Station
Capital : Bribane
Queensland Population is about 1,400,000 people.
Brisbane Bridge
Brisbane Skyscrapers
Jacaranda Brisbane
Brisbane River
South Australia
Adelaide: A pretty and industrial city.
Population: 1,100,000 people.
Gold Beach
Adelaide
Victoria Square Fountain
Western Australia
Capital: Perth
One of the best climates in
Australia. Population: Perth Skyscrapers
1.200.000 people.
King’s Park
Northern Territory
Capital city: Darwin
Population: 132, 000 people.
Capital: Hobart
Tasmania Population: about 200,000.
Bay of Fires
Lavender Farm
Remarkable Cave
Coles Bay
Other territories
3 island territories in
the Pacific:
- Norfolk island,
- Christmas Island,
- Cocos Island.
“I love a sunburnt country,
A land of sweeping plains,
Of ragged mountain ranges,
Of droughts and flooding rains.
I love her far horizons,
I love her jewel-sea,
Her beauty and her terror –
The wide brown land for me!” .”
—Dorothea Mackellar
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: TOPOGRAPHY
Western Plateau Eastern Highlands
a complex of hills, mountain
Great deserts & large ranges, plateaus, planes,
plains & sand ridges upland areas
& rocky regions.
Eastern Coastal Plain
Central Plains
The narrow fertile coastal strip
a series of drainage
basins, including the
Great Artesian.
Western Plateau
Western Plateau
Great artesian basin
Great Dividing range
Eastern coastal plain
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATE
The locations of Australia's
climate zones are influenced
by features such as mountain
ranges and proximity to the
sea.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATE
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATE
Seasons Months Average temperature
Summer Dec → Feb 15-35 ° C
Autumn Mar → May 10-25 ° C
Winter June → Aug 0-15 ° C
Spring Sept → Nov 10-25 ° C
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATE
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: BIODIVERSITY
84%
84% Mammals
45%
Flowering plants Birds
Birds
Are unique & native to Australia
PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY:
BIODIVERSITY
Ethnic Groups
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Population
25,809,973 (July 2021 est.)
Rank: 55
Urban: 86.4 %
Rural : 13.6 %
Density: 3.4 person/ km2
Ethnic groups
English, Australian, Irish, Scottish,
Asian ancestry (Chinese, Vietnamese,
Lebanese. English Australian Irish Scottish Chinese
Australian Aboriginal, Italian German Indigenous
Torres Straits Islanders(2016 est.)
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Religions
Language
Undefined or not stated
English 72.7%, Mandarin 2.5%, 9.70%
Arabic 1.4%, Cantonese 1.2%, No religion
Vietnamese 1.2%, Italian 1.2%, 30.10%
Greek 1%, other 14.8%, Judaism
0.40%
unspecified 6.5% (2016 est.)
Hinduism
1.90%
Buddhism
2.40%
Islam
2.60%
Christianity
52.10%
0.00% 10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: SETTLEMENT
● The term bush is referred to most
rural or isolated districts regardless
of their stage or type of
development.
● Main cities developed near the
coastal area & river basin.
● Arid & semiarid areas are for sheep
and cattle stations
● Residential towns developed
surrounding mining areas.
Scottsdale Reserve, which is located
approximately 70-kilometres south of
Canberra on the Monaro Highway.
Quiz
What challenges and advantages does geography
bring to Australia?
What cultural stereotypes does Australia have due to
its geography?
Cultural symbols & icons
The small Union Jack represents the
historical link with Britain.
The large seven-pointed star
represents the six States and
Territories,
The small stars from the Southern
Cross – a prominent feature of
the southern hemisphere night
sky.
National Anthems:
God save the Queen
Advance Australia Fair
Cultural symbols & icons
Coats of Arms National gemstone: National Flower
Opal
Cultural symbols & icons
Flag of Aborigine Didgeridoo Uluru
Cultural symbols & icons
Kangaroo Ned Kelly
Sydney Opera House
02.
HISTORY
1. Australia heritage:
a. Indigenous people & Encounters
with the Whites
b. Indigenous people culture in
modern life
2. Road to Federation (1788- 1901)
1. Australia: Darling harbor Past vs Now
1. Indigenous people:
Aborigines
Resided in this country
nearly 50,000 –
100 000 years ago.
Lived in clans
Spoke 250 languages
1. Indigenous people: Aborigines
Life style: Belief:
Hunting & Gathering the Dreaming
Have strong belief in the Dreaming
Killed animals only for food &
→ Have respect for each living
when it is necessary.
creature, believing that each one
Moved camp allowing
has its special place in the plan of
landscapes and resource
creation & life
stocks to be restored. (Jean A. Ellis, Australia’s Aboriginal Heritage,
Collin Dove, Melbourne, 1994.)
1. Indigenous people: Aborigines
• Represents the time when the
Ancestral Spirits progressed over the
land and created life and important
physical geographic formations and
sites.
• Is a concept, which incorporates the
past, present and future reality as a
complete and present reality.
• explains the origin of the universe and
the workings of nature.
1. Indigenous people: Aborigines
Black – represents the Aboriginal
people of Australia
Yellow circle – represents the Sun, the
giver of life and protector
Red – represents the red earth, the red
ochre used in ceremonies and
Aboriginal peoples’ spiritual relation
to the land
1. Indigenous people: Aborigines
• The land is the physical medium
through which the Dreaming is lived
and communicated. E.g. Their
ancestors transformed into trees,
stars, rocks…. → sacred places of
Aboriginal culture.
• According to Aboriginal law and
spirituality, the land, the people and
creation are all connected spiritually
which forms their culture and
sovereignty.
1. Encounters with the Whites
26, January 1788
11 British ships carrying
about 1000 people sailed
into Port Jackson.
Most: convicts- not
educated or sensitive
1. Encounters with the Whites
The Whites: Visitors The Whites: Invaders Results: Aborigines
1788
Cleared land near
For Aborigines: spirit Lost their land
sacred sites,
of their ancestors. Fought back but failed
Fenced off properties,
→ Offered them food Population declined due to
Fished with no
& women strange diseases
permission
Lived on the edges of new towns,
some: expedition guides,
Native Police under the
command of British officers.
1. Indigenous people
Torre Strait Islanders
1. Native people living in the
hundreds of island.
2. 1878: Torres Strait islands
were claimed as territory
of the British monarch.
3. Today: a separate
Indigenous group within
Australia.
Australians and the Government have
been making effort to preserve and
promote Indigenous people’s culture
Aborigine boys playing at corroborees.
1. Preserving Indigenous people’s culture
NAIDOC Week Theme
(National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee)
2017: Our Languages matter! 2018: Because of her, we can!
Women play significant
Emphasize and celebrate the unique and roles at the community
essential role of Indigenous languages
play in cultural identity
2021: Heal Country!
Seek greater protection for our lands, waters & sacred sites
and our cultural heritage from exploitation and destruction https://www.naidoc.org.au/
What
was
Australia
like
before
Federation
?
2. What was Australia like before Federation
Australia was just a number of separate British Colonies, who
were more or less like separate countries.
Australia as one nation, under one government, didn’t exist.
Free settlers and former prisoners
established six colonies
1.New South Wales-1786
2.Tasmania-1825
3.Western Australia-1829
4.South Australia-1834
5.Victoria-1851
6.Queensland-1859
We don’t actually exist yet.
We have all the best
Resources and we’re keeping them
To ourselves.
We have nice weather,
So we’re fine.
We don’t have to listen
to anything those Victorians say
Where is
Tasmania?
We look after ourselves
No-one on the
mainland cares about
us
2. Road to Federation
Australia had been settled over 100 years earlier, which meant that a
lot of people (that is, people from European backgrounds) in the
country had actually been born there, rather than being shipped in
from overseas.
→ These people were interested in what it actually meant to be
Australian.
2. Road to Federation: Worries
Communication Immigration
A telegraph system was already People were also worried about
established in most parts of the number of Chinese workers
the country but needed more coming to Australia.
expansion. Wanted some forms of
Who was going to pay for it and Immigration Control.
organise it?
2. Road to Federation: Worries
Unions Tax Security
Threats from Germans
Consistent tax around and French in
Harder to control
the country would Papua New
workers’ Union
be netter for Guinea.
business and trade → One national army
2. Road to Federation:
A Federal Council of Australasia was formed in 1888, to represent the affairs
of the colonies in their relations with the South Pacific islands.
New South Wales and New Zealand did not join.
2. Road to Federation:
Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia
“The constitution had to be democratic …..but also fair and protect
the smaller States. “
'Washminster‘ system:
mix of Westminster
system and American
model
2. Road to Federation:
17th, September, 1900
Queen Victoria proclaimed:
“1st January, 1901: the people of New
South Wales, Victoria, South Australia,
Queensland, Tasmania, & Western
Australia: united in a Federal
Commonwealth under the name of the
Commonwealth of Australia. “
03.
Values & Beliefs
1. Laid-back lifestyle
2. Mate-ship
Photo by Benjamin Punzalan (Unplash)
REFERENCES
Websites:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/australia/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal
https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/First-Fleet/601855
https://www.britannica.com/place/Torres-Strait-Islands
https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/reports/closing-the-gap-2018/celebrating-
indigenous-culture.html
PHOTOS
H.E.C. Robinson (Firm) & Robinson, H. E. C. (1908). Historical diagrams showing the
subdivision of Australia Retrieved 30, October, 2021, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-
231122982
https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/australia-topographic-map.htm
REFERENCES
PHOTOS
https://www.childprotection.sa.gov.au/work-with-us/working-in-regional-south-
australia/coober-pedy
https://waterpartnership.org.au/fact-finding-in-australias-great-artesian-basin/
https://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/1837/why-do-we-have-different-climates-across-
australia/
https://climatechange.environment.nsw.gov.au/about-climate-change-in-nsw/evidence-of-
climate-change/observed-australian-climate-change
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/3bf04a8e0892421983cabcee416ee1e5
https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/when-will-australia-s-drought-break
https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-50971879
https://thelandy.com/2018/12/05/a-day-in-the-australian-bush-scottsdale-reserve/
https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2016/04/easily-find-aboriginal-place-names-with-this-
interactive-digital-map/
https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2019/02/10/the-stolen-people-australias-aboriginals/
THANKS
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