Awp Lab 4
Awp Lab 4
Awp Lab 4
OBJECTIVES
#. Of Taxonomy level
# CLO
Topic Lectures
Investigate the effect of antenna size/length on 3 2 Guided Response–
1 radiation pattern of a dipole antenna. P
3
OUTCOME(S)
RUBRICS:
LAB EXPERIMENT # 05
Equipment:
Accessories
301 26 Stand Rod, 25 cm
501 02 BNC Cable, 1 m
648 07 Storage Tray S24-FN
737 15 Support for Waveguide Components
648 08 Partition ZW 24
301 21 Stand Base MF
Details:
Dipole antennas
Dipole are elementary forms of antennas. They are used in all of the microwave frequency ranges and on up to
the long-wave range. Its radiation properties are dependent on the ratio I/ (dipole length/wavelength). In
actual practice, the antenna length is normally between 1/3 and 5/4. With a frequency f = 9.40 GHz the
free-space wavelength is only 0 =32 mm. Thus, even the 4-dipoles have small dimensions suitable for work
in the laboratory. The dipole consists of two linear wire segments of equal length, the axes of which run co-
linearly. The distance between the wires (2) is assumed to be infinitely small and the center of the antenna is
located at the origin of the coordinate System, whereby the dipole wires (conductors) run along the z-axis.
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB EXPERIMENT # 05
Generally speaking, the wire length and diameter, of a dipole, can be of almost any value. Thus, it is often
preferred to use the model with an infinitely short dipole (Hertzian dipole). Dipoles possess a distinct
directivity. In general, it emits a linearly polarized wave or receives one. Here, the polarization vector runs
parallel to the dipole axis (z-axis). The conductors of a real antenna are not ideal. This leads to a non-
sinusoidal current distribution along the antenna conductors. The better the conductivity of the antenna wires,
the less the directional diagram of the real antenna differs from the ideal antenna.
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB
EXPERIMENT # 05
is often preferred to use the model with an infinitely short dipole (Hertzian dipole). Dipoles possess a distinct
directivity. In general, it emits a linearly polarized wave or receives one. Here, the polarization vector runs
parallel to the dipole axis (z-axis). The conductors of a real antenna are not ideal. This leads to a non-
sinusoidal current distribution along the antenna conductors. The better the conductivity of the antenna wires,
the less the directional diagram of the real antenna differs from the ideal antenna.
For mechanical reasons the wires of a real antenna must have a certain strength. The diameter of the wire
must also be larger, if we need a broad-band dipole. Both requirements reduce the slenderness of the antenna.
The degree of slenderness is the ratio:
sld
Here the following applies:
A change in thickness causes a change in the current distribution in the antenna. Basically, the current
distribution in a thick antenna is different to that of a thin antenna. Thus, the conductor thickness also affects
the radiation properties of a dipole antenna.
Note
In the experiments the dipole antenna is modified by attaching different extensions. The influence of these
extensions on the directional diagram is investigated.
Experiment procedure
1. Horizontal diagrams of the -dipole
• Mount the extension for the -dipole on both sides of the antenna rod. Don’t change the
alignment of the experimental set-up.
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB EXPERIMENT # 05
EXPERIMENT # 05
Results
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB
1. Horizontal diagrams of the -dipole
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB EXPERIMENT # 05
2. Horizontal diagrams of the 3/2-dipole
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB EXPERIMENT # 05
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB
3. Horizontal diagrams of the 2-dipole
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(First Semester, Third Year)
LAB EXPERIMENT # 05
LAB EXPERIMENT # 05
Discussion:
1) Please conclude your own observations on effect of increasing the length of dipole on the
directional diagram.
Increasing the length of a dipole antenna will result in a more directional radiation pattern, narrowing the
beamwidth and increasing directivity. However, increasing the length beyond a certain point can lead to
diminishing returns and complex radiation patterns
2) Are you getting directional diagrams different from what you expected? What do you think could be
the reason?
3) Please write down the lengths (mm) for different dipoles you have used for analysis.
Lamda = 2,3 ,3/2