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Mid Paper Question Book

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ahmadarmaghan47
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Exercises 5.1. 371 Moral of Examples 3-5 It is sometimes easier to find the area between two curves by integrating with respect 10 y instead of x. Also, it may help to combine geometry and calculus. After sketching the region, take a moment to determine the best way to proceed. Exercises 5.1 Find the areas ofthe shaded regions in Exercises 1-8 372 Chapter 5: Applications of Integrals In Exercises 9-12, find the total shaded area. 9. 10. FFind the areas of the regions enclosed by the lines and curves in Exercises 13-22. 1B. y=-2 and y= 14 y=2e—x? and 1S. yaat and y= Br 16. 7. 18, 1. 20. 2. y= Vis] and Sy there?) 2, y= |r —4) +6 (How many intersection points are and y= (7 /2)+4 Find the areas of the regions enclosed by the lines and curves in Exercises 23-30, 23. x=2y', x=0, andy =3 ray and xy 42 25) =4 and dey = 16 26.x—y? =0 and x+2y?=3 Mxty=0 and x+3y? 28, x— yi? Find the areas of the regions enclosed by the curves in Exercises 31-34. BL 4+ y=4 and xt-y= 3. -y=0 and 3 -y Boxt4yt=4 and x+y! Barty 3 and arty? Find the areas of the regions enclosed by the lines and curves in Exercises 35-42, 38. y=2sinx and y=sin2x, O a 3 ». Fin! the volumes ofthe sds genersted by revolving the regions tounded byte lnes and curves in Eseries 21-28 abut the axis a. 0 2 y=2r, a 3 , 25 2% fa. 7. 28 yesex, yous, In Exercises 29-34, fnd the volume of the slid generated by revlv- ing each region about the y-axis 29, The region enclosed by the triangle with vertices (1, 0), 2s 1) and (1,1) ‘The region enclosed by the wiangle with vertices (0,1), (1,0). and (1) ‘The region in the first quadrant bounded above by the parabola y = 27, below by the x-axis, and on the right by the line x “The region bounded above by the curve y = VF and below by the line y “The region in the fist quadrant bounded on the left by the circle 22+ y= 3, onthe right by the line x = ¥/3, and above by the line y= v3 “The region bounded onthe left by the line by the cite x? + y? = 25 In Exereises 35 and 36, find the volume ofthe solid generated by. ga, revolving each region about the given axis. 435, The region in the fist quadrant bounded above by the curve 30, 31. 2. 3 M 44and on the right y = 2, below by the x-axis, and on the right by the line x = 1, about the line x ‘The region in the second quadrant bounded above by the curve y= —x°, below by the x-axis, and on the left by the inex = —1, about the line x = —2 Volumes of Solids of Revolution Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region, bounded by y = and the lines y = 2 and x = 0 about a) the xaxis; b) the y-axis; ©) the line y= 2; 4) the line x =4. Find the volume ofthe sold generated by revolving the angular region bounded by the lines y = 2x, y =O, and x = 1 about 8) theline x =1; by the line x =2. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region ‘bounded by the parabola y =? and the line y = 1 about a) the line y = 1; bythe line y = 2: ©) the line y = 1 By integration, find the volume of the solid generated by re volving the triangular region with vertices (0, 0) (b,0), (0, about a) the xaxis; b) the y-axis. Designing a wok. You are designing a wok frying pan that will be shaped like a spherical bowl with handles. Abit of experi= mentation at home persuades you that you can get one tht holds about 3 L if you make it 9 em deep and give the sphere a radius ‘of 16 cm. To be sute, you picture the wok as a solid of revolu tion, as shown here, and calculate its volume with an integral ‘To the nearest cubic centimeter, what volume do you really get? (1 L= 1000 em?) lem Tat yo 16 = 256 em dep Designing a plumb bob. Having been asked to design a brass plumb bob that will weigh in the neighborhood of 190 g, you ‘decide to shape it like the solid of revolution shown here. Find 392 Chapter 5: Applications of Integrals Exercises 5.4 In Exercises 1-6, use the shell method to find the volumes of the M4. y =3/(2V), solids generated by revolving the shaded region about the indicated 1‘ 2 0, Use the shell method to find the volumes of the solids generated by revolving the regions bounded by the curves and lines in Exercises In Exercises 23 and 24, use the shell method to find the volumes of the solids generated by revolving the shaded regions about the indicated 23. a) The xaxis b) The line y ©) The line y = 8/5 4) The line y= 2/5 12? 4) The y-axis 6 The y-axis 24, a) ‘The x-axis | b) The line y © The line y 7 se 4) The line y= Use the shell method to find the volumes of the solids generated by revolving the regions bounded by the curves and lines in Exercises 7-14 about the y Lysn 8. y=25, 9. yx! 10. nL. 1 y=2e-1, 1B. y= tx, y=0, In Exercises 25-32, find the volumes of the solids generated by re: volving the regions about the given axes. If you think it would be better to use disks or washers in any given instance, feel free to do 25, The triangle with vertices (1,1), (1, 2), and (2, 2) about (a) the seaxis; (b) the y-axis; (c) the line x = 10/3; () the line y = 1 398 Chapter 5: Applications of Integrals 5.40 Repeated magnifications of a fractal coastline. Like Helga Von Koch's snowflake curve, coasts like these are too rough to have a measurable length, Exercises 5.5 Finding Integrals for Lengths of Curves In Exercises 1-8: 2) Set up an imegral forte length of the cure. BE Bb). Graph he curve to sex wha looks Tike BE Ge) Use your grapher's or computers nepal evaluator tid the curse’ length mime exs2 -1eysipr axa! edrmia, -/rsy salt Finding Lengths of Curves Find the lengths ofthe curves in Exercises 9-18. Ifyou have a grapher, ey Took Hike: you may want to graph these curves to see what 9. y= (1/302 +2)" from x =010x =3 10. y from x I. x= (7/3) +1/4y) from y=1t0y=3 (int: 1+ (die/dy)* isa perfect square) 12, x= ("/3)-y!?_ from y=1t0y=9 (Hint: 1+ (dxjdy)? is a perfect square.) 13, x = (4/4) + 1/(8y*) from y=1t0y=2 (Hint: 1+ (dx/dy)? is a perfect square.) 1. x= (9/6) +1/2y) from y (Hint: 1+ (dx/dy)* is a perfect square) 34x"? — 3/829 +5, Le x8 Hxt/Gr44, 05x52 15. y 16. y= (83) 4 Ww ys fVir= Ta, 20s t= 1dt, -n/4sy = sinx 6 cose 0 sins. ‘Again we add the products of the functions connected by the arrows, with every other sign changed, to obtain [2 sins ds = 9 cos 439° sinx + 64 608 ~6 six +E Exercises 7.2 Integration by Parts 1. [OU @ snzea0 18, f * Peostede Evaluate the integrals in Exorises 1-24 I I 1. fxsingac 2 [ecosxode vw, [ese 0. [ae sintorax 3. f Poostar 4 |? sinzas a [ésnaae a ferreorrt 5 fisinsas 6 [ena a fe onseas 24 fe snacae 1. fr yay 8 J si! ydy Substitution and Integration by Parts a free et eee Ete eign ees 2-0 wing ston or [reas wa [tera 28. fas 2% [vara 2. foe-soerar 4 foe srsne ar an [a xa 28. fine +x an ws foeas se feeta » fener wm. fomste 576 Chapter 7: Techniques of Integration Solution Clear of fractions to get 21 = Ale —2(e 3) + BO — I~ 3) + Cl — Dla. ‘Then let x = 1, 2, 3 successively to find A, B, and C: (1? +1 = ACD-2) + BO) + CO) 2=24 As Q) +1 = AO) + BUY-1I) +CO S=-B B=-5 x 8) +1 = AW) + BO) + CQ) 1 =2¢ c=s. Conclusion: a re @-DE-DE-D Exercises 7.3 Expanding Quotients into Partial Fractions Repeated Linear Factors Expand the quotients in Exercises 1-8 by partial fractions x7 and evalte the integrals. 2 ee ew oo 1 a 1 a fi wea 6 | sen Pde vf, ». (fo oar, aeeaTD Irreducible Quadratic Factors In Exercises 21-28, express the integrands asa sum of patil factions Nonrepeated Linear Factors lee o In Exercises 9-16, express the integrands as a sum of partial fractions a ff a nm, [ty and evaluate te ints h ED ED Pe as y4ayel +8e42 a) a ce ses 242 ae Ix 2s, 26, as 0 fae Jain" car * 2? +50 + 80-44 8 f 2 [gem us fctcg 4 Of = 40 +26 3041 28, lo erp In Exercises 17-20, express the integrands as a sum of partial fractions Improper Fractions In Exercises 29-3 I, perform long division on the integrand, write the proper fraction as a sum of partial fractions, and then evaluate the integral ds & faa 16x! . | 7 ax * fi ~arF1 2yt Evaluating Integrals Evaluate the integrals in Exercises 35-40. edt fn oo _cosydy jee a Say + siny 6 coo read = 3 2) tan-"(2x) Initial Value Problems ‘Solve the intial value problems in Exercises 41-4 for x as a func- tion of > ant au e341 @>2, 20) 2 ot Hae eye v4 erm azes2 G20, =! Horners G2, xO=n4 Applications and Examples In Exercises 45 and 46, find the volume of the solid generted by revolving the shaded region about the indicated axis 48. The x-axis Yeo (25,268) 46. Ga. Bas, Bas, B50, Exercises 7.3 577 ‘The y-axis, y 2 ane CALCULATOR Find, to 2 decimal places, the x-coordinate of, the centroid of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = tan“! x, and the line x = V3. CALCULATOR Find the x-coordinate ofthe centroid of this re- gion to 2 decimal places. y 183) Social diffusion. Sociologists sometimes use the phrase “social Aiffvsion” to describe the way information spreads through a pop- ulation. The information might be a rumor, a cultural fad, or news| about a technical innovation. Ina sufficiently large population, the numberof people x who have the information is teated as 3 differentiable function of timer, and the rate of diffusion, dx/dt, is assumed to be proportional tothe number of people who have the information times the number of people who do not. This leads to the equation ax a Where NV is the number of people in the population Suppose # is in days, k = 1/250, and two people star & rumor at time ¢ = 0 in @ population of N= 1000 people. » » kx(W =), Find x as a function oft. When will half the population have heard the rumor? (This is when the rumor will be spreading the fastest) Second order chemical reactions. Many chemical reactions are the result of the interaction of two molecules that undergo @ ‘change to produce a new product, The rate of the reaction typi: cally depends on the concentrations ofthe two kinds of molecules Ifa is the amount of substance A and b is the amount of sub- stance B at time 1 = 0, and ifx is the amount of product at time £, then the rate of formation of x may be given by the differential equation dx & = Ka-mb—0, 582 Chapter 7: Techniques of Integration Exercises 7.4 Basic Trigonometric Substitutions Evaluate the integrals in Exercises 1-28 ee 2 [| 3e | ee vie 2 dx te & [" ahs 2. [ VBP 9 | aap vfs ww Via 4x2 dx af, xe | olin a [OP 8x » | xo 6d were oem ds * [aoe 2dx mf ape >! m4 [PP ay er a frea In Exercises 29-36, use an appropriate substitution and then atigono- metric substitution to evaluate the integrals es at “8 eat 29, 30. “ose [ Vero Lon Tree u 2dt l 4 a. fe 2. hin VE + ati h yt ny a “ [iF « ft = {aS “(Za Initial Value Problems Solve the initial value problems in Exercises 37-40 for y as a function of x dy 244% = 39% OF +4) a y¥2)= Applications 4, Find the aca of the region in the first quadrant tht is enclosed by the coordinate axes and the cure y= V9= 37/3 42, Find the volume ofthe solid generated by revolving about the _-axs the region in the ist quadrant enclosed by the coordinate ‘axes, the curve y = 2/(1 +x), and the line x = 1 The Substitution z = tan (x/2) The substitution “ reduces the problem of integrating a rational expression in sin x and 0s x to a problem of integrating a rational function of z. This in tum can be integrated by partial fractions. Thus the substitution (4) is a powerful tool I is cumbersome, however, and is used only when simpler methods fai. Figure 7.10 shows how tan (x/2) expresses a rational function sin x and cos x. To see the effect ofthe substitution, we calculate ovate) f 2 2 1+ tan?(x/2) 1-2 cos = (5) sod Koop ® 98M). a(t sn =2sinScos5 = 284). coe(*) aunt. 1 2am ~ 2° sec? (x/2) ~ 1+ tan? (x/2) 2 eed © 7.5 Integral Tables and CAS 583 Picos. sin) 1 fie 2de > | ramet = [apes ies _ / a L THeosx pe wt a Use the substitutions in Eqs. (4)~(7) to evaluate the integrals in Exercises 43-50. Integrals like these arise in calculating the average angular velocity of the output shaft ofa universal joint when the input and output shafts are not aligned. ” 4. laze Trainx Foon 0 de lin Toe ae cos 048 8 [ Seacno rime EXAMPLE 46. o freee SRS fe an(? DB an(3)+e Hira reas si. ii see 040 52. f ese 040 Integral Tables and CAS ‘As you know, the basic techniques of integration are substitution and integration boy parts. We apply these techniques to transform unfamiliar integrals into integrals ‘whose forms we recognize or can find in a table, But where do the integrals in the tables come from? They come from applying substitutions and integration by parts. We could derive them all from seratch if we had to, but having the table saves us the trouble of repeating laborious calculations. When an integral matches ‘an integral in the table or can be changed into one of the tabulated integrals with some appropriate combination of algebra, trigonometry, substitution, and calculus, ‘we have a ready-made solution forthe problem at hand. The examples and exercises of this section show how the formulas in integral tables are derived and used. ‘The ‘emphasis is on use. The integration formulas at the back of this book are stated in terms of constants a, b, ¢, m,n, and so on. These constants can usually assume any real value and need not be integers. Occasional limitations on their values are

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