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Cheat Sheet QE

This cheat sheet provides information about solving and graphing quadratic equations in 3 sentences or less: It gives the formula for finding the roots of a quadratic equation ax^2 + bx + c = 0. It also summarizes the nature of the roots based on the discriminant b^2 - 4ac and discusses the range and sign of a quadratic function f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c based on the values of a and the discriminant. Finally, it provides methods for determining the location of roots relative to coefficients and the x-axis.

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Naman Verma
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271 views1 page

Cheat Sheet QE

This cheat sheet provides information about solving and graphing quadratic equations in 3 sentences or less: It gives the formula for finding the roots of a quadratic equation ax^2 + bx + c = 0. It also summarizes the nature of the roots based on the discriminant b^2 - 4ac and discusses the range and sign of a quadratic function f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c based on the values of a and the discriminant. Finally, it provides methods for determining the location of roots relative to coefficients and the x-axis.

Uploaded by

Naman Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheat Sheet – Quadratic Equations

Roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 Graph of a quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c


−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
2a

Nature of Roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0


Real & Distinct
b2 – 4ac > 0
Real & Equal a > 0; D > 0 a > 0; D = 0 a > 0; D < 0
2
b – 4ac = 0
Complex / Imaginary
b2 – 4ac < 0
Rational
a, b, c ϵ Q ; b2 – 4ac → perfect square
Integers a < 0; D > 0 a < 0; D = 0 a < 0; D < 0
a = 1; b, c ϵ Z; b2 – 4ac → perfect square
Location of Roots of f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
Relation between roots and coefficients
Both roots positive
Sum of the roots: α + β = -b/a
Product of the roots: αβ = c/a D ≥ 0; a.f(0) > 0; -b/2a > 0

Common Roots Both roots negative


Equations: ax2 + bx + c = 0 & px2 + qx + r = 0 D ≥ 0; a.f(0) > 0; -b/2a < 0
One root common Opposite signs
2
α α 1
= = a.f(0) < 0
br − cq cp − ar aq − bp
where α is the common root Equal and opposite signs

Both roots common D > 0; b = 0


a/p = b/q = c/r ‘k’ lies between the roots

Range of a quadratic function: ax2 + bx + c a.f(k) < 0


Condition Range Both roots greater than ‘k’
a>0 [– D/4a, ∞)
D ≥ 0; a.f(k) > 0; – b/2a > k
a<0 (– ∞, – D/4a]
Both roots less than ‘k’
2
Sign of a quadratic function: ax + bx + c D ≥ 0; a.f(k) > 0; – b/2a < k
Condition Sign
a > 0, D > 0 > 0 ∀ x ∈ (- ∞, α) U (β, ∞); < 0 ∀ x ∈ (α, β) Both roots lie inside the interval (k1, k2)
a > 0, D = 0 ≥0∀x∈R D ≥ 0; a.f(k1) > 0; a.f(k2) > 0; k1 < –b/2a < k2
a > 0, D < 0 >0∀x∈R Exactly one root lies in the interval (k1, k2) if
a < 0, D > 0 > 0 ∀ x ∈ (α, β); < 0 ∀ x ∈ (- ∞, α) U (β, ∞)
f(k1).f(k2) < 0
a < 0, D = 0 ≤0∀x∈R
a < 0, D < 0 <0∀x∈R One root smaller than ‘k1’, other greater than ‘k2’
a.f(k1) < 0; a.f(k2) < 0
D = b2 – 4ac

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