TYPES OF DIAGRAM
1. A schematic diagram is a picture that represents the components of a
process, device, or other object using abstract, often standardized symbols and
lines. In electronics, having a schematic diagram on hand may help a user design
an entire circuit before building it, or troubleshoot an electronic that has stopped
working.
2. A wiring diagram is intended mainly to convey the wiring or connection
between the components properly without any confusion so that one can create
a prototype easily using that.
3. The pictorial diagram shows a picture or sketch of the various actual
components and its wiring connections. This type of diagram shows various
components without regard to their physical location how the wiring is marked,
or how the wiring is routed.
4. Block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions
are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the
blocks.
An electronic schematic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various
electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries,
resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic
circuit. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today but may vary
from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional
conventions.
COMMON ELECTRONIC SYMBOLS
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ACTUAL PICTURE & SYMBOLS
Fixed resistors are the resistors
whose resistance does not change
with the change in voltage or
temperature.
Variable resistor is a resistor of
which the electric resistance value
can be adjusted.
A. Potentiometer functions as a
potential divider and is used to
generate a voltage signal.
B. Rheostats are very similar in
construction to
potentiometers, but are not
used as a potential divider, but
as a variable resistance.
Thermistor is a resistance
thermometer, or a resistor whose
resistance is dependent on
temperature.
A photoresistor (LDR or light -
dependent resistor, basically a
resistor which has a resistance that
varies depending of the light
intensity.
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Polarized Capacitors are the ones
that have specific positive and
negative polarities.
A variable capacitor is a capacitor
whose capacitance can be adjusted
within a certain range.
Trimmer capacitor is a kind of
variable capacitor and is often used
to adjust the capacitance accurately,
Air core inductors that consist of a
coil of conducting wire with no core.
Magnetic core inductor transforms
electrical energy into magnetic
energy.
Air core transformers are intended
for transporting Radio-frequency
currents.
Magnetic core transformer is
designed to provide a path for the
magnetic field to flow around, which
is necessary for induction of the
voltage between the two windings.
A diode is defined as a two-terminal
electronic component that only
conducts current in one direction.
A Zener diode is a silicon
semiconductor device that permits
current to flow in either a forward or
reverse direction.
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a
semiconductor light source that
emits light when current flows
through it.
A photodiode is a semiconductor
device that converts light into an
electrical current.
The NPN transistor is designed to
pass electrons from the emitter to the
collector (so conventional current
flows from collector to emitter).
PNP transistor is designed to make
Emitter more positive with respect to
the Base and also with respect to the
Collector.
An AC generator is a machine
that converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy, generated
as an alternating current
sinusoidal output waveform.
A DC generator is an electrical
machine which converts
mechanical energy into direct
current electricity.
A voltmeter is an instrument
used for measuring electric
potential difference between two
points in an electric circuit.
An ammeter (from ampere
meter) is a measuring instrument
used to measure the current in a
circuit.
A microphone is a device that
captures audio by converting
sound waves into an electrical
signal.
A fuse is an electrical safety
device that operates to provide
overcurrent protection of an
electrical circuit.
A loudspeaker is an electro
acoustic transducer; a device
which converts an electrical audio
signal into a corresponding
sound.
Headphones are a pair of small
loudspeaker drivers worn on or
around the head over a user's
ears.
Battery, in electricity and
electrochemistry, any of a class of
devices that convert chemical
energy directly into electrical
energy.
A Single Pole Single Throw
(SPST) switch is a switch that only
has a single input and can connect
only to one output.
A Single Pole Double Throw
(SPDT) switch is a switch that
only has a single input and can
connect to and switch between the
2 outputs.
A Normally Open (NO) Push
Button is a push button that, in
its default state, makes no
electrical contact with the circuit.
Only when the button is pressed
down does it make electrical
contact with the circuit.
A Normally Closed (NC) Push
Button is a push button that, in
its default state, makes electrical
contact with the circuit.
A circuit breaker is an
automatically operated electrical
switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage
caused by excess current from an
overload or short circuit.
An antenna is the interface
between radio waves propagating
through space and electric
currents moving in metal
conductors, used with a
transmitter or receiver.
Ground or earth is the reference
point in an electrical circuit from
which voltages are measured, a
common return path for electric
current, or a direct physical
connection to the earth.
