PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

GRADE 12 STEM

2022
Prayer..
HOME

HELLO!
AGENDA
SHARING

WELCOME TO
REMINDERS

MARK ANTHONY C. LEIDO

Head, Science Department
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

How does logical

thinking develop
critical thinking?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

What are the effects

of Koreanovelas on
the Filipino values
system?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.
In what way does
collaborative learning
increase communicative
competencies?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.
To what extent does
texting decrease
students’ grammatical
competence?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

What corrupt
practices trigger off
one’s resignation?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

How does watching

movies improve
learner’s vocabulary
building?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

What are the effects

of English Only Policy
in the grammar
fluency of G12
Students?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

Does disinfection
using hand sanitizer
prevent growth of
bacteria?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

In what ways does

play gamification
strategy improve
student’s engagement
and achievement?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

What school
policies causes
drop out?
MELC: Differentiates kinds of
variables and their uses.

1. Define variables as one of

fundamental concepts of research;
2. Recognize the nature of variables; and
3. Identify the different kinds of variables
and their uses.
VARIABLES
It refers to some characteristics,
or attribute of an individual that
can be measured or observed
and that varies among the people
or an organization being studied
(Creswell, 2002 as cited by Prieto
et. al 2017). The most collective
variables in social research are
age, sex, gender, education,
income, marital status and
occupation.
VARIABLES
A variable could be an object, event,
idea, feeling, time period or any other
type of category (Kalof, Dan, & Dietz,
2008). It is measurable characteristics
that changes in value in a data set. It
may vary from one group to another
group, one person to another or even
with the same person over time.
Variables could be in varied numerical or
categorical in form (Faltado, Bombita,
Boholano & Pogoy (2016).
Nature of
Variables
 Ordinal
variable
represent categories that can be ordered from
greatest to smallest.
Examples of ordinal variables include education level (e.g.
freshman, sophomore, Grade XI, Grade XII), income brackets, etc.
 Nominal
variable
represent categories that cannot be ordered in
any particular way.
Examples are biological sex (e.g., males vs. females),
political affiliation, basketball fan affiliation, etc.
 Interval
variable
have values that lie along an evenly dispersed
range of numbers. E
Examples of interval data include temperature, a person’s net worth (how
much money you have when you subtract your debt from your assets) etc
 Ratiovariable
have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers when there is an
absolute zero, as opposed to net worth, which can have negative debt-to-income ratio-
level variable. That is, you cannot have income or some positive amount of income. Most
scores stemming from response to survey items are ratio-level values because they
typically cannot go below zero.
Kinds of
Variables
Independent
variabe
These are those that probably cause,
influence, or affect outcomes. They are
invariably called treatment,
manipulated, antecedent or predictor
variables.
Dependent
variable
correct in all details; exact.
These are those that depend on the
independent variables; they are the
outcomes or results of the influence of
the independent variable
Intervening
variables
These “stand between” the
independent and dependent
variables, and they show the
effects of the independent variable
on the dependent variable
 Control
variabe
These are special types of independent
variables that are measured in a study
because they potentially influence the
dependent variable.
They may be demographic or personal
variables that need to be “controlled” so
that the true influence of the independent
variable on the dependent can be
determined.
Confounding
varables
These are those that are not
actually measured or observed in
study. They exist but their
influence cannot be directly
detected in a study.
Experimental
variable
These are variables which are
being changed in the actual
study while the controlled
variables are variables which are
retained and not manipulated or
changed.
 variable
These are variables that can take infinite
number on the value that can occur
within the population. Its values can be
divided into fractions like age, height,
and temperature
 Discrete
variable
These variables are also called
categorical classificatory variable.
These are variables that have limited
number of distinct values which cannot
be divided into fractions like sex, blood
group and number of children in the
family. If the attributes can only be
classified into two like male and female
is coined as dichotomous variable.
 having a sound basis in logic or fact;
reasonable or cogent.
A valid research is applicable to
various situations in general or it
can be applied to any specific
situation, people or society.
Climate Change
• Seawater level
• Temperature
• Amount of Carbon emission
• Amount of rainfall
Crime & Violence
• number of robberies
• number of attempted murders
• number of prisoners
• number of crime victims
• number of law enforcers
• number of convictions
• number of carnapping incidents
Poor performance of students in National Achivement Test
• Entrance exam score
• Number of hours devoted to studying
• Student-teacher ratio
• Number of students in the class
• educational attainment
• Teaching style
• The distance of school from home
• Number of hours devoted by parents in
providing tutorial support
 REMEMBER!

Independent variables
stand alone, and they are
not changed by the other
variables you are trying
to measure.
 REMEMBER!
Dependent variables are what
researchers are interested in. They
depend on other factors.

For example, a test score

could be a dependent
variable, How? Why?
Climate Change
• Seawater level
• Temperature
• Amount of Carbon emission
• Amount of rainfall
Crime & Violence
• number of robberies
• number of attempted murders
• number of prisoners
• number of crime victims
• number of law enforcers
• number of convictions
• number of carnapping incidents
Poor performance of students in National Achivement Test
• Entrance exam score
• Number of hours devoted to studying
• Student-teacher ratio
• Number of students in the class
• educational attainment
• Teaching style
• The distance of school from home
• Number of hours devoted by parents in
providing tutorial support
CoVid Cases
Let’s analyze
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

How does logical

thinking develop
critical thinking?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

What are the effects

of Koreanovelas on
the Filipino values
system?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.
In what way does
collaborative learning
increase communicative
competencies?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.
To what extent does
texting decrease
students’ grammatical
competence?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

What corrupt
practices trigger off
one’s resignation?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

How does watching

movies improve
learner’s vocabulary
building?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

What are the effects

of English Only Policy
in the grammar
fluency of G12
Students?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

Does disinfection
using hand sanitizer
prevent growth of
bacteria?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

In what ways does

play gamification
strategy improve
student’s engagement
and achievement?
Identify the independent and dependent
variable in each research problem.

What school
policies causes
drop out?
 Researh Problem
INTERROGATIVE STATEMENT

What percentage of Manila private universities

consider the use of grammar textbooks as the
most effective way to help college students
attain communicative competence?
DECLARATIVE STATEMENT
The main objective of this study is to find out
the percentage of Manila private universities
considering the use of grammar textbooks as
the most effective way to help college
students attain communicative competence.