REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

SANA’A UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Electrical Machines (1)

Experiment NO.5

Load characteristics Of D. C Shunt Motor

Prepared by:
Eizaldeen Ameen Hassan Qasem
AC.NO. (202270129)
System:(General)
(Group NO.1)

Supervised by:
Eng. Mujeeb Al-Hazmi

Sana'a 2023
Contents:

1. Object:  
2. Introduction:  
3. Experiment tools: 
4. Connection Diagram:  
5. Procedures:  
6. Results: 
7. Curves:  
8. Conclusion:  
9. Discussion:  

1 |page
Load characteristics of D. C shunt Motor Exp

1. Object:
To connect and run the D.C. shut motor and to obtain its loud characteristics.

2. Introduction:

In this experiment, we will be exploring the fascinating load characteristics of a DC shunt

motor. A DC shunt motor is a type of motor that operates using a parallel combination of a
shunt field winding and an armature winding. By varying the field current and armature
voltage, we can investigate how these changes affect the motor's speed and torque, ultimately
determining its loudness. Through this experiment, we aim to gain a deeper understanding
of the motor's performance and its noise production. So, get ready to delve into the realm of
DC shunt motors and uncover the secrets behind their load characteristics.
The performance of a DC shunt motor is given by the relation among the armature current,
torque and speed. These relations are given graphically in the form of curves, which are called
as characteristics of DC motors. These characteristics show the behavior of the DC motor
under different load conditions.
Following are the three important characteristics of a DC shunt motor:

1. Torque and Armature Current Characteristics:

It is the graph plotted between the armature torque (τa) and the armature current (Ia) of a
DC motor. It is also known as electrical characteristics of the DC motor.

2. Speed and Armature Current Characteristics:

It is the graph plotted between the speed (N) and the armature current (Ia) of a DC motor.
This characteristic curve is mainly used for selecting a motor for a particular application.

2 |page
 3. Speed and Torque Characteristics:
The graph plotted between the speed (N) and the armature torque (τa) for a DC motor is
known as the speed-torque characteristics. It is also known as mechanical characteristics of
DC motor.

3. Experiment tools:

1. 1xDC power supply (220V).

2. 1xDC Machines (Motor).
3. 1xTachometer Generator.
4. 1xMagnetic Powder Brake (M.P.B)
5. 1xVoltmeter.
6. 1xAmmeter.
7. Connection wires.

3 |page
 4. Connection Diagram:

DC supply
DC
supply
220 V
(constant)
220 V

Figure 1 D. C shunt Motor Circuit

5. Procedures:

1.Make the appropriate connections of the D.C. shunt wound motor according to the circuit
diagram.
2.Before operation connect the magnetic powder brake to the control unit.
3.Set the control unit switches on the following range:

Speed range switch "𝒎𝒊𝒏−𝟏 " 3

Torque range switch "Nm" 1.0
Operation mode MAN 1

4.Put the motor into operation, and. make it run to its normal speed.
5.Load the motor between no load operation and two times the normal torque. Measure the
torque T, the speed n, the armature currents la and the exciter current If under load.
6.Calculate the values of input power Pi output power o and efficiency.
7.Using the measured and calculated draw e curves for the D.C. shunt wound motor, i.e., n,
It, q, PL Po=f(T).

4 |page
 6. Results:

Note that 𝑹𝒇 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟔 𝑶𝒉𝒎

Measured Values Calculated Values

Motor Motor
𝑽𝒊𝒏 (𝒗) 𝑰𝒂 (𝑨) 𝑻𝒂 (𝑵. 𝒎) N (r.p.m) 𝑰𝒇 (𝑨) 𝑰𝒊𝒏 (𝑨) 𝑷𝒊𝒏 (𝑾) 𝑷𝒐 (𝑾) 𝜼(%)

220 0.134 0 2480 0.1056 0.239 52.68 0 0

220 0.42 0.1 2305 0.1056 0.526 115.72 24.14 20.86

220 0.62 0.2 2234 0.105 0.726 160.73 46.79 29.11

220 0.84 0.3 2137 0.106 0.946 209.35 67.14 32.07

220 1.15 0.4 2000 0.1057 1.256 276.948 83.78 30.25

220 1.4 0.5 1890 0.1058 1.506 332.37 98.96 29.77

7. Curves:
Curves in next pages:

5 |page
6 |page
7 |page
 8. Conclusion:

In conclusion, the load test on DC shunt motor is an important experiment for

understanding the principles and applications of DC machines. It can help us to learn how to
control the speed and torque of a DC shunt motor by adjusting the supply voltage or the
field current. It can also help us to compare the performance of different types of DC
motors, such as series, compound, and separately excited motors. The load test can also
demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of using DC motors in various industrial and
domestic applications. the experiment has provided the shunt wound motor is said to have a
low starting torque as compared to other motors but it does not mean that a shunt motor is
incapable of starting a heavy load. A shunt motor is capable of starting heavy load also but it
would require more excess of current input over normal values than the series and
compound motors. For instance, if twice full-load torque is required at start the shunt motor
will draw twice full-load current (since T α Ia) but a series motor would draw only
approximately 1.414 times the full-load current (Since T α la2). Due to-this reason, shunt
motors are always started at no load or light load and then the load is applied. When a
motor is required to start heavy loads series or compound motor is used.

9. Discussion:

1. In torque-speed curve we showed that the relationship between the torque and the
speed and we showed that the speed of the motor decreases slightly as the load torque
increases.

2. The armature current of DC shunt motor is the graph that shows the relationship
between the armature current and the load torque. The armature current is the
current that flows through the armature winding of the motor, and it is proportional
to the torque this means that the armature current increases linearly with the load
torque because the flux in shunt motor is constant and from this relationship we get:
T α Ia
3. The load test also showed that the efficiency of the motor increases with the output
power until it reaches a maximum value, and then decreases. This is because the input
power of the motor consists of two components: the output power and the losses. The
losses include the copper losses in the armature and field windings, and the iron and
friction losses in the core and bearings. As the output power increases, the copper
losses increase proportionally, but the iron and friction losses remain constant.
Therefore, the efficiency increases until the output power is equal to the iron and
friction losses, and then decreases as the copper losses become dominant.

8 |page
 4. The speed of the motor decreases slightly as the load torque increases. This is because
the armature current increases with the load, which causes a voltage drop across the
armature resistance. This reduces the effective voltage across the armature, which
reduces the back emf and the speed. However, the speed regulation of the DC shunt
motor is good, as the speed variation is small for a large change in load.
5. By apply this way to analyze this is to use the equation:
P=T*ω
where P is the power delivered by the motor, T is the torque of the motor, and ω is the angular
speed of the motor². This equation shows that the power delivered by the motor is proportional
to both the torque and the speed of the motor. As the load torque increases, both of these
factors change. The torque increases linearly with the armature current, while the speed
decreases slightly due to the voltage drop across the armature resistance¹. Therefore, the
power delivered by the motor will increase until a certain point, where the decrease in speed
will outweigh the increase in torque, and then it will decrease.

6. The nominal data of the motor are the rated values of voltage, current, speed, power,
and torque that are specified by the manufacturer for a given motor. These values are
usually marked on the nameplate of the motor. We get that the rated torque is
𝟏𝟎𝟎
T=P/ω = (𝟐𝛑∗𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎) = 0.47 (N.m)
( )
𝟔𝟎

almost equal to 0.47 (N.m) and the rated voltage is equal to 220 (volt) and from the rated
value of the torque we could find the rated speed of the motor by use our speed-torque curve
and make a point in the torque plane like I did in the curve and sketch a discrete line to
intersect the curve and at that point and project a discrete line on the speed plane we get the
speed is almost equal to 1920 (r.p.m).
and we did the same way with torque-current curve we and make a point in the torque plane
like I did in the curve and sketch a discrete line to intersect the curve and at that point and
project a discrete line on the armature current plane we get the armature is almost equal to
1.29 (A).

9 |page