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Vector Analysis

The document summarizes key concepts in vector calculus including: 1) Fundamental theorems relating line, surface, and volume integrals such as the gradient, Gauss's, and Stokes' theorems. 2) Vector derivatives in spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems and expressions for gradient, divergence, and curl in these systems. 3) Important vector identities involving operations like gradient, divergence, and curl. 4) The Dirac delta function which can be used to represent distributions like point sources or point charges.

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mylimbofriend
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28 views

Vector Analysis

The document summarizes key concepts in vector calculus including: 1) Fundamental theorems relating line, surface, and volume integrals such as the gradient, Gauss's, and Stokes' theorems. 2) Vector derivatives in spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems and expressions for gradient, divergence, and curl in these systems. 3) Important vector identities involving operations like gradient, divergence, and curl. 4) The Dirac delta function which can be used to represent distributions like point sources or point charges.

Uploaded by

mylimbofriend
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vector Calculus

Fundamental Theorems:

Gradient Theorem: ∫𝒂𝒃(𝛁𝑓 ). 𝑑𝒍 = 𝑓 (𝒃) − 𝑓 (𝒂)

Gauss’s Theorem: ∫(𝛁. 𝐀)𝑑𝜏 = ∮ 𝑨. 𝑑𝒂

Stokes’ Theorem: ∫(𝛁. 𝑨). 𝑑𝒂 = ∮ 𝑨. 𝑑𝒍

Vector Derivatives:

Spherical: 𝑑𝒍 = 𝑑𝑟 𝒓̂ + 𝑟𝑑𝜃 𝜽 ̂ + 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝜙 𝒛̂ ; 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑟2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜙

𝜕𝑡 1 𝜕𝑡 ̂ 1 𝜕𝑡 ̂
𝛁𝑡 = 𝒓̂ + 𝜽+ 𝝓
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜙

2
1 𝜕(𝑟 𝑣𝑟 ) 1 𝜕(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑣𝜃 ) 1 𝜕𝑣𝜙
𝛁. 𝑽 = + +
𝑟2 𝜕𝑟 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜙

1 𝜕(sin 𝜃 𝑣𝜙 ) 𝜕𝑣𝜃 1 1 𝜕𝑣𝑟 𝜕(𝑟𝑣𝜙 ) ̂ 1 𝜕(𝑟𝑣𝜃 ) 𝜕𝑣𝑟 ̂


𝛁×𝑽 = [ − ] 𝒓̂ + [ − ]𝜽+ [ − ]𝝓
𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃

1 𝜕 2 𝜕𝑡 1 𝜕 𝜕𝑡 1 𝜕2𝑡
∇2 𝑡 = 2
(𝑟 ) + 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ) + 2 2
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜕𝜙2

𝑥 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝒙̂ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝒓̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝜽 ̂ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙𝝓̂


𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 , 𝒚̂ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝒓̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝜽 ̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝝓̂
{ {
𝑧 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝒛̂ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝒓̂ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜽 ̂
2 2
𝑟 = √𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 2
𝒓̂ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝒙̂ + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝒚̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝒛̂
−1 √𝑥2 +𝑦2
𝜃 = tan ( 𝑧 ) , 𝜽 ̂ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝒙̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝒚̂ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝒛̂
{ 𝝓̂ = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝒙̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝒚̂
{ 𝜙 = tan−1 (𝑦⁄𝑥)

Cylindrical: 𝑑𝒍 = 𝑑𝑠 𝒔̂ + 𝑠𝑑𝜙 𝝓̂ + 𝑑𝑧 𝒛̂ ; 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝜙 𝑑𝑧

𝜕𝑡 1 𝜕𝑡 ̂ 𝜕𝑡
𝛁𝑡 = 𝒔̂ + 𝝓+ 𝒛̂
𝜕𝑠 𝑠 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑧

1 𝜕(𝒔𝑣𝑠 ) 1 𝜕𝑣𝜙 𝜕𝑣𝑧


𝛁. 𝑽 = + +
𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝑠 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑧

1 𝜕𝑣𝑧 𝜕𝑣𝜙 𝜕𝑣𝑠 𝜕𝑣𝑧 1 𝜕(𝑠𝑣𝜙) 𝜕𝑣𝑠


𝛁×𝑽 =[ − ] 𝒔̂ + [ − ] 𝝓̂ + [ − ] 𝒛̂
𝑠 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑠 𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝜙

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑡 1 𝜕2𝑡 𝜕2𝑡
∇2 𝑡 = (𝑠 ) + 2 2 + 2
𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝜕𝑠 𝑠 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝑧

𝑥 = 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝒙̂ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝒔̂ − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝝓̂ 𝑠 = √𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝒔̂ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝒙̂ + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝒚̂


𝑦 = 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙 , ̂ ; −1 𝑦 ,
{ { 𝒚̂ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝒔̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝝓 { 𝜙 = tan (𝑥) { = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙 𝒙̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝒚̂
𝒚̂
𝑧=𝑧 𝒛̂ = 𝒛̂ 𝑧=𝑧 𝒛̂ = 𝒛̂
Vector Identities:

𝛁(𝑓𝑔) = 𝑓 (𝛁𝑔) + 𝑔(𝛁𝑓 )

𝛁(𝑨. 𝑩) = 𝐀 × (𝛁 × 𝑩) + 𝐁 × (𝛁 × 𝑨) + (𝑨. 𝛁)𝑩 + (𝑩. 𝛁)𝑨

𝛁. (𝑓𝑨) = 𝑓 (𝛁. 𝑨) + 𝑨. (𝛁𝑓 )

𝛁(𝑨 × 𝑩) = 𝐁. (𝛁 × 𝑨) − 𝑨. (𝛁 × 𝑩)

𝛁 × (𝑓𝑨) = 𝑓 (𝛁 × 𝑨) − 𝑨 × (𝛁𝑓 )

𝛁 × (𝐀 × 𝐁) = (𝐁. 𝛁)𝐀 − (𝐀. 𝛁)𝐁 + 𝐀(𝛁. 𝐁) − 𝐁(𝛁. 𝐀)

𝛁. (𝛁 × 𝐀) = 𝟎

𝛁 × (𝛁 × 𝑓 ) = 0

𝛁 × (𝛁 × 𝑨) = 𝛁(. 𝛁𝐀) − ∇2 𝑨

Triple Product:

𝑨. (𝑩 × 𝑪) = 𝑩. (𝑪 × 𝑨) = 𝑪. (𝑨 × 𝑩)

𝑨 × (𝑩 × 𝑪) = 𝑩(𝑨. 𝑪) − 𝑪(𝑨. 𝑩)

Dirac Delta:

𝛿 3 (𝒓) = 𝛿(𝑥)𝛿(𝑦)𝛿(𝑧)
∞
3
∫𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝛿 (𝒓)𝑑𝜏 = 𝛿(𝑥)𝛿(𝑦)𝛿(𝑧) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = 1
∭
−∞

r̂ 𝟏
𝛁. ( ) = 4𝜋𝛿 3 (r) , 𝛁 𝟐 = −4𝜋𝛿 3 (r)
r𝟐 r

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