Computer

1) Networks
What is socket? Ans. A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link
between two programs running on the network
2) What is broadcasted network? Ans. Any form of communication in which a
single sender transmits messages to many receivers at once, the most
familiar examples being the television.
3) What is TDM ? Ans. Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a method of putting
multiple data streams in a single signal by separating the signal into many segments,
each having a very short duration
4) What is port ? Ans. A port is a virtual point where network connections start and
end. Ports are software-based and managed by a computer's operating system.
Each port is associated with a specific process or service.
5) What are the error detection methods? Ans. There are three main techniques for
detecting errors in frames: Parity Check, Checksum and Cyclic Redundancy
Check (CRC)
6) What is flooding ? Ans. when a router uses a nonadaptive routing
algorithm to send an incoming packet to every outgoing link except the
node on which the packet arrived
7) What is full form of HDLC ? Ans. HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) is a group
of protocols or rules for transmitting data between network points
8) Ethernet system uses which of the technology. Ans. Bus topology is used with
Ethernet.
9) IF all devices are connected to a central hub, then topology is called – Ans. Star
topology
10) Which of the following is an application layer service ?
11) What is commonly used unit for measuring the speed of data transmission ?
Ans. Data transmission speed is measured in Bits per second
12) Which switching splits traffic data into chunks ? Ans. Packet Switching
13) Communication between a computer and a keyword involves in which transmission ?
Ans. Simplex
14) Which is the first network? Ans. The U.S. Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network (ARPANET)
15) Which transmission media has the highest transmission speed in a network ? Ans.
Fiber optics
16) IEEE 802.5 is __ Token ring ______.
17) What is a computer network? Ans. Computer networking refers
to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share
resources with each other
18) What is LAN?
19) What is Hub? Ans. A network hub is a node that broadcasts data to
every computer or Ethernet-based device connected to it
20) What are the transmission modes? Ans. The way in which data is
transmitted from one device to another device is known as
transmission mode
 21) What is TCP/IP? Ans. a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect
network devices on the internet
22) What is the data unit of data link layer? Ans. Frames
23) What is HDLC? Ans. HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) is a group of
protocols or rules for transmitting data between network points

24) What is Polling ? Ans. A polling is conducted in which all the stations willing to send
data participates
25) What is bit rate? Ans. describes the rate at which bits are transferred from one
location to another
26) What is peer-to peer? Ans. A peer-to-peer network is designed around the
notion of equal peer nodes simultaneously functioning as both "clients" and
"servers" to the other nodes on the network
27) What is baud rate? Ans. The baud rate is the rate at which information
is transferred in a communication channel.
28) What is Packet? Ans. a packet is a small segment of a larger message
29) What is Protocol? Ans. protocol is an established set of rules that
determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the
same network
30) What is the function of a hub?
31) What is use of firewall? Ans. A firewall is a security system designed to
prevent unauthorized access into or out of a computer network.
32) Write down the name of protocol for reliable communication? Ans. A
commonly used network communication protocol is
the transmission control protocol (TCP).
33) What is socket? Ans. A socket is one endpoint of a two way
communication link between two programs running on the network
34) What is the difference between http and https? Ans done in copy
Write down a example of MAC address. Ans. An example MAC address would
be 00:00:5e:00:53:af
35) Multiplexing is used in Circuit switching_______ switching
36) A _ the medium ______ is the physical path over which a message travels. i)
Path ii) Medium iii) Protocol iv) Route
37) Three or more devices share a link in _ multipoint connection_______ connection
38) What does OSI stands for? Ans. Open Systems Interconnection

2 marks
 40.What are the types of networks based on coverage area? Ans
 Personal Area Network (PAN) ...
 Local Area Network (LAN) ...
 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) ...
 Campus Area Network (CAN) ...
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) ...
 Wide Area Network (WAN) ...
 Storage-Area Network (SAN) ...
 System-Area Network (also known as SAN)
39) What is network topology? Ans A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of
nodes and connections in a network. Nodes usually include devices such as switches, routers and

software with switch and router features.

40) What are the layers in OSI model? Ans seven different abstraction layers: Physical, Data Link,
Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
41) In which layer Routing is done? Ans Routing is a process that is performed by layer 3 (or
network layer) devices in order to deliver the packet by choosing an optimal path from one
network to another.
42) In which layer flow control is done? Ans Flow Control is an essential function of
the data link layer. It determines the amount of data that a sender can send.
43) What are the guided transmission media? Ans It is defined as the physical medium
through which the signals are transmitted. It is also known as Bounded media. There are
three types of Guided Transmission Media: Twisted Pair cable. Coaxial cable. Fibre Optic Cable
44) What are the layers in TCP/IP model? Ans From the top they are, Application Layer,
Transport Layer, Network Layer, Network Interface Layer, and Hardware. TCP/IP
carefully defines how information moves from sender to receiver.
45) What is checksum? Ans A checksum is a value that represents the number of bits in a
transmission message and is used by IT professionals to detect high-level errors within data
transmissions. e.g., 10001 - 1's Complement 01110
46) What is WAN? Ans Give one example. For example, businesses with many international
branch offices use a WAN to connect office networks together.

48..Write two goals of using layered protocols in OSI model. Ans

i) Layering of protocols provides well-defined interfaces between the layers, so that a
change in one layer does not affect an adjacent layer.
ii)The protocols of a network are extremely complicated and designing them in layers
makes their implementation more feasible.
47) Write difference between serial and parallel transmission. Ans

Serial Transmission Parallel Transmission

S.NO

In this type, a single communication link is used to transfer In this type, multiple parallels links used to
1.
data from one end to another transmit the data

In Parallel Transmission, data flows in multiple

2. In serial transmission, data(bit) flows in bi-direction.
lines.
 Serial Transmission Parallel Transmission
S.NO

3. Serial Transmission is cost-efficient. Parallel Transmission is not cost-efficient.

In Parallel Transmission, eight bits transferred

4. In serial transmission, one bit transferred at one clock pulse.
at one clock pulse.

Serial Transmission is slow in comparison of Parallel Parallel Transmission is fast in comparison of

5.
Transmission. Serial Transmission.

Generally, Parallel Transmission is used for

6. Generally, Serial Transmission is used for long-distance.
short distance.

The circuit used in Parallel Transmission is

7. The circuit used in Serial Transmission is simple.
relatively complex.

Serial Transmission is full duplex as sender can send as well as Parallel Transmission is half-duplex since the
8.
receive the data data is either send or receive

Converters are required in a serial transmission to convert the No converters are required in Parallel
9.
data between internal and parallel form Transmission

Parallel transmission is unreliable and

10. Serial transmission is reliable and straightforward.
complicated.

48) What is the function of MODEM? Ans A modem transmits data by modulating
one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information, while the
receiver demodulates the signal to recreate the original digital information.
49) What is point-to-point network? Ans A point to point network is a closed
network data transport service which does not traverse the public
Internet and is inherently secure with no data encryption needed
50) Difference between synchronous and Asynchronous transmission. Ans done in
copy
51) What is multipath fading? Ans Multipath fading occurs when signals reach a
receiver via many paths & their relative strengths & phases change
52) What do you mean by routing? Ans Routing is the process of path selection in
any network. A computer network is made of many machines, called nodes,
and paths or links that connect those nodes.
53) What do you mean by HDLC subset? Ans HDLC (High-level Data Link Control)
is a group of protocols or rules for transmitting data between network
points (sometimes called nodes).
54) What is differential PSK? Ans Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) is a common
form of phase modulation that conveys data by changing the phase of the carrier
wave
Q. Write advantages of Fibre cable over Co-axial cable. Ans 7 Advantages of Fibre Optic
Cables Over Copper Cables
i. Greater Bandwidth. Copper cables were originally designed for voice transmission
and have a limited bandwidth. ...
ii. Faster Speeds. ...
iii. Longer Distances. ...
iv. Better Reliability. ...
v. Thinner and Sturdier. ...
vi. More Flexibility for the Future. ...
vii. Lower Total Cost of Ownership.
Q. Write two applications of Infrared. Ans
 Remote controls for television, stereos and other home appliances.
 Wireless LANs
 Wireless modem, keyboard, mouse, printer etc
 Fire detectors
 Night vision systems
 Intrusion detection systems
 Motion detectors
56). Write the advantages of layered protocol. Ans
The advantages of layered protocols are as follows −
 Assists in protocol style, as a result of protocols that operate at a particular layer have
outlined information that they work and a defined interface to the layers on top of and
below.
 Foster’s competition because products from completely different vendors will work
along.
 Prevents technology or capability changes in one layer from touching different layers
above and below.
 Provides a typical language to explain networking functions and capabilities.

55) Compare between Connection oriented and Connection less services. Ans done in
copy
56) A TV channel is alternating its programme along with advertisement- Is it TDM of
FDM?—justify.
57) What is broad casted network? Ans In computer networking, broadcasting refers
to transmitting a packet that will be received by every device on the network
Q. Why twisted pair cable is twisted ? Ans To prevent noise, signal interference and
crosstalk during transmissions, twisting is introduced into conducting cables.

58) What is differential PSK ? Ans Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) is a
common form of phase modulation that conveys data by changing the phase
of the carrier wave.
59) Write difference between LAN and MAN . Ans done in copy
Q.Write the function of modem . Ans There are mainly two functions that a modem
performs, which are given below:
 Modulate and demodulate the electrical signal from analog to digital and digital to
analog.
 Provide a secure connection to protect against line overload and other connection
problems.

60) What is synchronos transmission ? In Synchronous transmission data is sent in frames

or blocks. In Asynchronous transmission data is sent in the form of bytes or characters.
Synchronous transmission is faster, as a common clock is shared by the sender and
receiver.
61) Define bit rate and baud rate. The Baud rate refers to the total number of signal
units transmitted in one second. The Bit rate refers to the total Bits transmitted in
one unit time.
62) Write difference between MAN and WAN. done in copy
63) Write down the difference between tree or star topology ? done in copy
64) What is connection oriented network ? Give one example. onnection-oriented
communication is a communication protocol where a communication session or a
semi-permanent connection is established before any useful data can be
transferred. TCP is an example of a connection-oriented protocol.
65) What do you mean by code transparency in HDLC protocol ?
Q. What do you mean by HDLC subset?
Derived from IBM's SDLC protocol, HDLC has been the basis for numerous protocols
including X. 25, ISDN, T1, SS7, GSM, CDPD, PPP and others. Various subsets of HDLC
have been developed under the name of Link Access Procedure (LAP)

66) What are the role of MAC sub layer ? Media Access Control (MAC)
sublayer provides control for accessing the transmission medium. It is responsible
for moving data packets from one network interface card (NIC) to another, across a
shared transmission medium.
67) What is the role of address field in a packet travelling through a datagram
network ? The role of the address field in a packet traveling through a datagram
network is to provide the necessary information for the packet to be correctly routed
and delivered to its intended destination