Selections

The document discusses Java control flow statements including if-else statements, switch statements, and logical operators. It provides examples of using comparison operators in if statements to compare values and execute different code blocks based on the comparison results. It also demonstrates the use of switch statements to select different code blocks based on the value of a variable. Finally, it defines common logical operators used to combine boolean expressions.

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Selections

Uploaded by

Muhammad Arshad Awan

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Selections

1
The boolean Type and Operators
Often in a program you need to compare two
values, such as whether i is greater than j. Java
provides six comparison operators (also known
as relational operators) that can be used to
compare two values. The result of the
comparison is a Boolean value: true or false.

boolean b = (1 > 2);

2
Relational Operators
Java Mathematics Name Example Result
Operator Symbol (radius is 5)

< < less than radius < 0 false

<= ≤ less than or equal to radius <= 0 false
> > greater than radius > 0 true
>= ≥ greater than or equal to radius >= 0 true
== = equal to radius == 0 false
!= ≠ not equal to radius != 0 true

3
One-way if Statements
if (radius >= 0) {
area = radius * radius * PI;
if (boolean-expression) { System.out.println("The area"
statement(s); + " for the circle of radius "
}
+ radius + " is " + area);
}

4
The Two-way if Statement
if (boolean-expression) {
statement(s)-for-the-true-case;
}
else {
statement(s)-for-the-false-case;
}

5
if-else Example
if (radius >= 0) {
area = radius * radius * 3.14159;

System.out.println("The area for the “

+ “circle of radius " + radius +
" is " + area);
}
else {
System.out.println("Negative input");
}

6
Multiple Alternative if Statements

if (score >= 90.0) if (score >= 90.0)

System.out.print("A"); System.out.print("A");
else else if (score >= 80.0)
if (score >= 80.0) Equivalent System.out.print("B");
System.out.print("B"); else if (score >= 70.0)
else System.out.print("C");
if (score >= 70.0) else if (score >= 60.0)
System.out.print("C"); System.out.print("D");
else else
if (score >= 60.0) System.out.print("F");
System.out.print("D"); This is better
else
System.out.print("F");

(a) (b)

7
Multi-Way if-else Statements

8
Trace if-else statement
Suppose score is 70.0 The condition is false

if (score >= 90.0)

System.out.print("A");
else if (score >= 80.0)
System.out.print("B");
else if (score >= 70.0)
System.out.print("C");
else if (score >= 60.0)
System.out.print("D");
else
System.out.print("F");

9
Trace if-else statement
Suppose score is 70.0 The condition is false

if (score >= 90.0)

System.out.print("A");
else if (score >= 80.0)
System.out.print("B");
else if (score >= 70.0)
System.out.print("C");
else if (score >= 60.0)
System.out.print("D");
else
System.out.print("F");

10
Trace if-else statement
Suppose score is 70.0 The condition is true

if (score >= 90.0)

System.out.print("A");
else if (score >= 80.0)
System.out.print("B");
else if (score >= 70.0)
System.out.print("C");
else if (score >= 60.0)
System.out.print("D");
else
System.out.print("F");

11
Trace if-else statement
Suppose score is 70.0 grade is C

if (score >= 90.0)

System.out.print("A");
else if (score >= 80.0)
System.out.print("B");
else if (score >= 70.0)
System.out.print("C");
else if (score >= 60.0)
System.out.print("D");
else
System.out.print("F");

12
Trace if-else statement
Suppose score is 70.0 Exit the if statement

if (score >= 90.0)

System.out.print("A");
else if (score >= 80.0)
System.out.print("B");
else if (score >= 70.0)
System.out.print("C");
else if (score >= 60.0)
System.out.print("D");
else
System.out.print("F");

13
Logical Operators
Operator Name Description

! not logical negation

&& and logical conjunction

|| or logical disjunction

^ exclusive or logical exclusion

14
switch Statements
switch (status) {
case 0: compute taxes for single filers;
break;
case 1: compute taxes for married file jointly;
break;
case 2: compute taxes for married file separately;
break;
case 3: compute taxes for head of household;
break;
default: System.out.println("Errors: invalid status");
System.exit(1);
}

15
switch Statement Flow Chart

16
Trace switch statement
Suppose day is 2: