——-Indepand pk event. eT 3 Conditional probalei|Tiy -Probolotitiy Theovem Method of counting Roodom vaxjabtes — Ontin' sini bution ~ << Binomial distxibution “Normal distxtbution “Poisson's dfstaibution _t.| State € explain Probailfu, Theovem. ___ a 02. Feplofn Binomial probability function. 3. Chebyshev's inequality. a4, laws of farge mumber. Qs. Expl To Poisson's dicrributia _ gs. “Explain the nowmal distsiburtion G7. Shost note on Garople Space au 98. Explain probability function ~ox the xandom varfables _@Y. Explain Mean value voriance, Standard deviation of a standomm Variable —914.Explain—curmuladive distribution function. ots. Devive expression of. probability of Occupying a giwe energy for doyninant configurationao types of Probability Theaxe 10 u T | Addition theorec 1 : e 4) | Addition theorem [st bas two Subtypes i [Putually exclusive events The probability theorern fox mutually exc) [event is _detined as Sum ef the probaly of Svante independent of each other, is. expression is : i < A ually exclusive events then PCA+B) = PCA) +-P (B) : 1 SAA A ee —~L Ii The eveots Which are not Mutually exclusve: T The Probability of occurence of events which ——are not Mutually exclusive is Given: as te sum HOF “kwo events min Us of bh w tWo events .- @ Product of this —__|| PCAtB) = PCA) + PCB) -P AB) 2 ee f= oo| a | FRI " 2) Multiplication Theovero E \ “The _probabilriy of occurance of an event 10 muldipli cation ‘theorem is given by the product of \- two events. \ P(AB)= PCA). PCB) | : ai|ltf coin fs tossed too times. out of Which 49 dimes me get head, € 51 times we are_gebting fail. —— \__all Find probability of getting bead \ bi Find Probability of getting tai). c. \Check whether um of bdo probability =i ov nop. Give : Total = too times Head = 4g times _ ! ta?! = 51 times L | Solution: al PCA= 49 = 0-47 = 49H ioo eh p(B)= 51 -~0.S5I4 = 547 100 L PA) + PLB) = 0.49 +0.S51 = J68.09 Whe | S grbabil , aka sum ona ige is 5 divisible by 51 6.) Ss ig 14) ©, ty C3,2), Oy & Sis) (Grn)} | eer oF sum of dice whith is divisible by Sis P= tb = 06194 | 36 | pled is probebili thy thal sum will be even, | sample space Uahich hag even sum is Se FON) Cua) Ges) C22) 02,4) C8) 8. D_ I CBs) C42) C4) Cvs) €5,1) 65,3) C55) (6,2) C64) C6,6)? | Sumple space_which has. odd sum ts. Se FCA) Cus) C6) Cat) (43) C5) (3,2) C34) C6) Crt) (413) Cys) 2) €5,4) C56) C61) Ce,3) (6,5) j—ST | * i" te Aug |__. ee | altiphical® Th”: Li Jindependen t_ event - ——_—;| it 1 = aytse ty Caen J dependent. event Mulplécation th™ states thet if A 4 & are ho —_ independent events then the probedbilihy of cimulioneous occerrance of A 48 is equal _to the_ probabilities he oon! - duct of their {ndiuidual_ || peas) = PCA). pce) _ | From_a pack ef 82 cords 2 corde aue_doowe. |o)_tondom one oflee the another with replaces _ twhal_is she_frobabi Viby thel both ccinds exeking _ Somple Space “S= 52 card | i _ = JA king | Gg queensigpt td | Peay=4 = 4 a - | 52 aay PC )=4 2 4 | SU WKY J _ fo 2 _ PCAB) = Pca) PCB) sn, Ff sof bs = Ns = SAB ie =o 169 - 74.1) ; Find “fhe. shane. ef Throwing a 6a Neasl once [in hee throws of single die Ans: | | Sample Space for the die Fg 2 Yoo 0,2) 3) G4) Cys) Oe) || Cav) Ca,9) 9,3) C34) (5) Ca, 6) | Gn) (2) Gad Ga) C5) GO | C41) C429 C43) C44) C48) Cre) : Cs) Cyr) (8a) C34) C56) C609 ee (61) Ger) (es) Ce4) (es) Couey f | se 3 oukteemes | || _— _ —_ ___| | Let A_be the event of thanwing 96 ol least | —_|_onee jn too thanws. - | fe A= LO Cre) C3046) C56) a cos) Cora) (6,3) C64) (65) C66) 3 | = = MN osdcomes— ee eet |e. Probability of event Ais — | oo} PCA 4 op - | | =_ 0.3055 _ ol f= oss | «The chance _ “of Srowin 9 6 ot | east “ance 4 || in hoo +Hhvo1ws of single die is 30.55%), Ww) - al re tossed, eohal is the probobi lily ‘Val 2 ore heads § 3 kel? | Find probabilihy thet ts} 2 are head 4 Biails 4 | S coins a tis} TE ct least 9 “are heads eshed is —he—pre W) What ts proloedsitity —AHhed alt are head. | Sample space fx dhree coins fussed is _ |S = San, ana, ee THe, wer, THT Wea = 8 outcomes. - _ _ i) tet Abe the eventof geting ahead & Ltail A= { HHT, HTH, THN? ‘ed leas} 2 heads. tel B be dhe event _of geltin. @= F HH, BAT, Wa They zy os P(B)= 4 = 1-0. 8 2 y | tet Bt be the event of geling all, heodss [preys tel c be the event of gelling al least as _beo are heal g 31d tail c= G HHT, =) Pe)= 4 . O95 2 SSS Hs J HANG =1 _ 6 a = On25—@1)4] Sample space for three coins ore toss od SAMA, It tts, ITH, THA, ATH, HAT, 157) = S_pubcomea —_—__— Hel A be She even) ok getting kos | One fai) _ — i HTH, THAS = 3 owkcomes 0 Jie} B be the event ef gelling Ast {wo hearls ¢ Shire tail - B= 7 HHT? =i outkome pce) = 1 = ois = |ash 8 ¢ lel_¢ he the event _of thn at lees) 2 heads cs F HHH, HHT, HTH Tan? = 4 oulcomes pe) = 4 » 1 = OY =sy 8 2 lel D be the even) of geHing all herds P= FHHH? = 4 owcome POD) = t= O25 = 12s} | ses in_cticlel match, JE bedsman 6 times ow of ao balls, he played: * Probbalilihy of not beatings ik a heck - ie __ hits aboun dorm “ Ke \s Vis - = 30-6224, thot nel sheehing ~e Poa) i “i of ig ad PCA) = \-02 = Probus iby —« of an event Eis |_p. =—ho—afouthermes fan bamacble te# Binomied Oislsbution th is descrite obabi fy Usb", whieh ts oblain when local hy — P_ of reptigan event jo oll _Amieals. So “theve are only two _outuemes { (n each tare: —_ eqs! — _ mane _ J} tele of coih hos 2 outcomes. The ce a __ dishnlouion of Binomial Dadsibu?, (for 2% success tnt Hals_is aiven by — = | where O= no: of = _| | _ Pe probability oF sucess. prcbobilihy of Failure (ery _#! {agsdaiie : = | Dis_ discrete —probahiliby Ughibulion_t}_has 2 poramek -p 44 for sutcess ure wy! te —the_na. oft Wg. f paronh lee —_) 7 IG-)ve inte _ a 2.) 19 Bin ia Bisel’: _ pee | mean Ctl) 2.0 p : —= nartance £07) = 9 gq : = | —slandasd devia Co) Ci ———— ee “tI _ _ tA - —} ‘The pinorial--dbbs™ | \s is gjnmelral_ it “peq&4) Ane Using Binomial —Alistrbul® , nd probebiliiy | of exactly $2 heads jm loo fesses | Total no. of dmele! | N= oo | | PSD _Probabilihy of success af event , 19 Preboatility of failure of ‘event | Binomial Disibule - | PCA) = par _ [vet A be the event_of getting enodly 1 heads | im (00 fosses | ~Greo= SP S31 — | =; joo =s3 p( loo } Cosy Cosy) 7 Clon - 9) $21 _ arcs! +3206 Xo yw 2.2204 x16 % BSS2F KIO |oe | Methods of one 7 cCn, tr) = a rl 1) A Waharashnion restowants least 4 oo ahs catego ae of tts menu. f oneve plate contains a ditt: Then how mony ett eee can ensto. mer order? ae “CC is yA) Sa Wl - in 9 4) €nra)l. > : Suklo x9n3x Tf aH StH ng 4 wan vit ARO REL ee = Sort a 4 = 830 330 wamys ve Gt OF A former bu a cows _1-2-gpas. 4 hens Pim a_mar [ | (_ i | “who has AYows , 9 goats 3 hens. How many aT WER Gates het “o_ choices — does the father hove, = we _ _ i) No- of choices of cows * — e eel eg arcasyy - No. no. oF cheites” font a goats os - a ae 3 Ba coe mo Ys 3 a1 nbs sft claoises of hens & V9 ei —_|__#t,_=_ 8) BR TXM HSK = = 30 4l(8-4)1 SAX Ae+| What ts the rehash ty of Finding % Fernedes in I mn te af (chesh > drawn | ° Becting female fh is 0-5 | Tolal_ nos of chi n=S Probadsility of Bioding Semale fish t = | Probebiliby of Finding) no Pernale Ssh * ne - | Roof femele Rich tn be { be find tx => FF Probe ti hy te PCOS Cpr _—— | pal pe aie x2 iy 4. FT probability es _e- 5)? Co ons) _— | 4. | A club consis) ef 50 myembers in hew rainy (8 can a precicdent, coise precident, cecretnny { tregsurer be chaosen! dn how man: wee {| har of 4 memers he chaasen. c Seq, = Sol Abeso-6y SOK UDA YR XAT - - APPAR _ aoe EBS S __ _ A jeg are members ef dub with rnembbership “of Bo. dn} vese_nemna_eway 3 con _a_ctommity of 10 be Gsm Jf 4) Ami must? be tndude in a commily, A) Amid / Vijay chould bbe Jp commity _____bnt not both. - __| | Cat) = NM ef z id TOT [at | 2g ! az 2 Genet SiCaa-3)y vgs! RIAN OSES ETS PARUYT = Noolsoos _ = 281) AL 64906300 xt = 139133 31 19) owt —| A__ club | Cana president, utce \ freasurer be choogen? -CAM_A _Commillee of in| N= SC members _ | _ ——picthers ace S$§a4200 - ;—t—members can_he of s Se members , In tee: rant 1 to 4 Pronbers aa we Cso-4)\ = S$ $23200 chedven, president secye cn, » a pres cident, ice. ce_precident, | 7 e choosen { ia a_commilke “oFtt Linte_ Shoot nole on. Sample Space . | the set_of allt possible _outcames is called | sample space. 4_ it js_deroled thy S$ Ang sulsel | of E of surnple —Spoce $i called ant event: | ) _ _ eye ee oe — _J’Tessing a coin? 7 as SompleS_spore —§ = [H,TY = deateame | Throwing a dies > _ + Samples pac e S913} — e -[ Pretpbilily l_geting endo. event | 2 - ~__ - al I. ee | ) Shaw the sample space Jor the \woo dies Mnapwn. =! cree pitbable__sam \n_o toss af 2 dies Bind hs pbabilibys a ccanciegiven etn See ee rent tinmana Ce) IL. Coit) €2,29.C93) Cay) (215) C2/6) | ; G.)_ Gp) GA) GENE) | dee Gyt-04 12) 043) CH,9) C0) ; Csi) 5,1) G3) _C5,4) Cis) C56) Cen) Coa) C63) Gu) C65) Cer = 36 outcomesawe et gsiting a) a - Fo ne =43 = en ated =A Cua) C42) C3, Ns 3 =F Gay Caay GAG T= 4 e Lys) (2, 4) (3, C4205) ee = PAWOCME MK NEAT € 4 = ©l216) (815). 5,4) 65,3) €6,00} = ata 4.686) C415) 66.4) 6,393 = SG tly f, | Ce PCH edes: ee — iat = A (56) (e573 = 2 J ke {or =! tees — | Pobalst Vi sum of hose, 23 In dieg i is | event Fo Biahabii eS ey seta, fea curmis. PCr) =e 4 =O. eles - Lt 36 6 —=] non ad4) Conditional probabiliby: & Conditic 1 probability: ecCals) = pCane) pCa) a 7 of adulls who ave men an alcoholics is 2:28 wheal is She pt obalsl ity of being an alechelic rman? | SRoome Jolal mens ore 100% say) Alcoholic mens are 925% > Probabli ilihy of being leahlic is =e - for g = rmup_of 100 shidents 40 ene ee ee biology, 20_both_al gebrer 4 bide dent Ss chmonen, "thier is iia ne : ab is ; | the role te “thed_he/she is tall ings. — Thal = sen bislega, “20 = betty 5 I le} B be the even} of student taking algebra, | pep) = 49/1902 O-4 | leh G be Mhe__ewent of sku dent talking biology, I plc) = 2/100 «03 _|_ lel BD be She. event Aaleing Soot | PCD) = 2W/oo OL 2 PC BO) ca aaa& me Plobabilily of He/she te fuking bislog y | * pcele) = pCgac) i) F_ 20° so Ge 30+ ||Continuos Probability oo The_probabil Hy in whic which _ “onl hype of svoriable | are used, known as continuo ale aa ain Tis “fire - Tag the peal bal 49 Qe rs Find value ¥| law of lore © no. | a “tales —Thed_more lime _a_rondom_ expeni- rel = | 0D —____—5 | ey J unbounded. — men} is repr coled ane closure the average of thet) e eiment—_will_be o_the expeded Volue #51 a ele BIR ron Neu 2) fleale Jou * | che beshev’s nile mean & variance. If the variance is \Lornall then 2 is unlikely tobe tae fax e Mean, —einequolihy —__| Tt_s\odes thal, random —_veiriable x with Lav least (= 1 fof a _deda Promo sample ma SS ae ror the mean, | where Eis ansy_pssitive Teal_na. gpeoler than 1. Lae | I a # | 3.1. Normal _disbibsdiem fGen dichibutieny napa Didmbalio Si ts_confinuows Peeebilly dis bbut" Th_js_hell_sha eel cane. 4 WA as sy mmebnec| Uhen came qisd= bul” ofa oat ‘ys repre t gpeprieally } take the shape cf “summer Seaed ets Mosmal abe, c| oe ea my / ae Ys 4 ~~ 2 . oor Choracteeisbin? oe Jiiis ce ac cdiskybu? Beth ails a e _ _ _ a Fotst_area_under dhe “dormal curve is 1 hs ik Mentfied by - tye pasa mele, mean, deviahan—£ Lamviance el JL is_mes! ly used_in_sampling heey — esente| ryeee Tt is probabilily dishibut® of descrile random variables ¢f « rare events ehos pobabi Why occerrence pis Very amall bel | ne: of Variebles nt is very large such \hot ony P) Is constont_ j °C) = eT at xh here Pf _prebobi li of Success _ x — Nariables ~ 1,2,---7 9 e — constant = 9.4183 m =mean En ap e Characteristics” 44 qi is oa discrette prsbabilily ishibubion. + Mean_¢ varience are equal. ay - | the_ 90+ of _evrers_ts_in. is tn ypaqanphialy _in a boolk bl _. mean = |S per 10° pager ose lone ps es | of a_book are raindamly selected then what is—| | the probabili by thet — there _\s_no ype mean_ ss ee too pagesuk -P= os = —Cx- eh ae™ a2 — oo = MY7ie2 4-Seyy ig C2 a Sans as = | ¥0.426 1 frobabilidy density Rind® for 04 heals in te | tosses is” Seta = _ | 5 ! i; _ ; ssc ebsehilihy of 59 heads in 100 tocses Lof coin “ating _narmal_dictebul 4 f_bienemiel die —POx)= SC gh ——> fionomial didihy eae 7 i $2 ay = mple_splare $= Gua} 3 Le _probebi lity oF success P= os $ qeos | |: Pex) = toot cos)P* ces) S31 Cfoo-52)! = _ ear bo SzIGS|, | = 9. 32-etot! i = O.073% | = p35) - 4%, Y= ‘ x ena oan Ma nxP = 5° - = 2.4183 - oe Spa. = SjooxosxkOS = joxos= 5) - e225 a 4 = 1 BLUR RG Seats” aKcll 7 , A) Tdenthy tose _ | [pve ean — a | ANS = A = _ Idependent Jeu. [Boroination lero oo _AUS=S - 4 _ 8) Absox pion leas _ | —| ane ef AQ (AUB) = A Av CAnB) =A Sample ‘Space = _C Possible Oul comes} _ sued] A coi ed_5 Himes, had is The probabil chy of least 2 tails in uctession. ‘Se MMH, HAT) ATH TMH, HIT ITH mae a 1 P= 3 _ 9.375 & Que! Ah ol_is_probobilily thal 2 conseestive _poin ts for samen | P= 6 2 0-25 | $ Que Two dice be thrown Se Yu) Cad Clay Cia) slic) Cn) Ci) C3) G4) 9) C6) 0 (sn) (37) G3) Gs) Gs). Ce) - Cyn) Ca) C3) 6 Ca) Cas) (4,0) Cer’ Csi2).58)- C54) 55) C5je): GCE) C3) Cer) Cc,5) (6) TiI I! Que, Ex Jain Mean v ey “Nosionee | Stand. Devel of | vehdorn vaneble se ) Mean value of x m= sp | vas produd of total no. of enddatryss j probability ProcluctoF The mean vedue of random Voz ic Ne Ke ie defined + Variance \s_ dciined ecl 4 total no. of “Arial, pre robabili i of success f pmbbebilidy of failure, - 4 Sia Devil : 7 _ np “ad |) Devial® fs defined as a square rook of variance, || qt _ = oo “ : I3 coins _ tossed 11213). Colatate Nhe no. of yandom_ vorieub les X(.ng 2 [lean , Variance, Sh. dia! CHAT, ATH, THA, MIT, THT ITH, TH) —_——|-f¢o) = 1 rte & = PG)s a, de. PE ON28 = 0:34" pzo.3as | q= 0-818 a2 0-625 q26.car a=3 - Meso = 9P \) ff ms 03345 m:.125 me 1125 m= 0.39 1) || Standoad Deviation: C= {npr C= Jsv0.1sx0.8%5 o=J)3 KOWSTT NO-GIE O-838S 5 = ©. S428 T= _ O38 ce oR = 0-892 z 3\ oe 038 lt = 0-328) c= 0.703) T= 0-40 : ) 2)Pees ores J pe) =) | - ¢ . | A) PO) = tas 4) p)= oars wPO)= 0.348 _¥)PE= 0: \25) qe? | qe PBA. Y= 0.625 qe Oss = 06898 ice 2 total no. of Amals \ P pobokilit of success —: | 4 3 Prbabiy of Poilure a)| Mean x = | Np _ _ [enn See Pe = » A= Broly = 0.345 _ _ NNMRe Sxo.rss = sstas - i = WKS Sxodps= fous i yet cree 7 we 3xony = O3ts - $) Variance ok x= “np. = i) For®o, Narinince i BAO yas x x O35 | _ tw ode of aki er b an) fora pNariance = 3% 01345 x 0.628 j A = 0.403) - in) for X22, Vorioncel = (Oxo B4¥ KOcar a - _ f = 0403) = _ . is) for X23 | varlance = BxO-2¥ O° $48 | = 0:32.31 = _ = ©) Sid devtad® Par Rs SN — 1) for _x=0 O. $428 7 — i) fore m1 re ia) foes xe ee SJowto3 J+ B3ASF ne i ¥), Re pct 63>“AS _ - = _f = 494 Soe 7 ot cS Soo : , PBI = 7G peg an =! Seon a ——C 12 CW s00)' in C 495/55 o) MV aimee ———____ = _|1242 ce ee x10 ay O04g8 =o 22235 ao ey - _ = 22.agy,