INTEGRALS

AND
SERIES
VOLUME 4: DIRECT LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

A.P. Prudnikov, Yu.A. Brychkov, O.I. Marichev

Gordon and Breach Science Publishers

 Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2022 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation

https://archive.org/details/integralsseriesO004appr
INTEGRALS AND SERIES
 INTEGRALS AND SERIES

Volume 4

Direct Laplace Transforms

A.P. Prudnikov,
Yu. A. Brychkov
Computing Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences,
Moscow

O.I. Marichev
Byelorussian State University, Minsk, USSR
and Wolfram Research Inc., Champaign, Illinois, USA

property of
n isher College

Rochester, N.Y.

GORDON AND BREACH SCIENCE PUBLISHERS

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Copyright © 1992 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) Amsterdam B.V.
Published under license under the Gordon and Breach Science Publishers imprint.

All rights reserved.

First published 1992

Second printing 1998

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publisher. Printed in India.

Amsteldijk 166
1st Floor
1079 LH Amsterdam
The Netherlands

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A Catalogue record for this book

is available from the Library of Congress
 CONTENTS
PREFACE xix

Chapter 1. FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

1.1. TRANSFORMS CONTAINING ARBITRARY FUNCTIONS
1.1.1. Basic formulas
1.1.2. /f(A(x)) and algebraic functions
1.1.3. J (~p(x)) and non-algebraic functions
1.1.4. Derivatives of f(x)
1.1.5. Integrals containing f(x)

Chapter 2, ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2.1. THE POWER AND ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
PeelletIE Functions of the form x’, @(+x = a)x’, [x]”
2.1.2. Functions of the form (x +z)", (a— x)!
ald: Functions of the form x"(x +z)", x#(a— x)!
2.1.4. Functions of the form x#(x!/* +z)’, x#(a—x"/*)" for 1 Ak 20
2.1.5. Functions containing /x+ z
2.1.6. Functions containing V x!/K + 2//k for lAk
INT Functions of [x]

2.2. THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

2.2. exp (—ax!/") and the power function

2.2.2. exp (—ax~"/*) and the power function
22.3. exp (—ax*"/*) and algebraic functions
2.2.4. Functions of the form f(x, e~%,e7"*,e~, ...)
2.2.5. Functions containing exp (av? a5 P)
2.2.6. Functions containing exp (f(x))
24P25Ife Functions of [x]

2.3. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

rdo1s Hyperbolic functions of ax

2.3.2. Hyperbolic functions of ax and the power function
vi CONTENTS

Hyperbolic functions of Bets for [4k and

algebraic functions
2 f
Hyperbolic functions of x +xz and algebraic
functions
74 2
Hyperbolic functions of aitb”~+x~ and algebraic
functions
Hyperbolic functions of ax, the power and
exponential functions
Hyperbolic functions of als for /#k, the power
and algebraic functions
Hyperbolic functions of [x]_
Hyperbolic functions of f(e ‘) and: the exponential
function
Functions containing the exponential function of
hyperbolic functions

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Trigonometric functions of ax
Trigonometric functions of ax and the power
function
Trigonometric functions of bee for [#k and
algebraic functions
Trigonometric functions of ax “/k and the power
function
Trigonometric functions of 1x?+xz and algebraic
functions
2: FETE?
Trigonometric functions of attb Fx and algebraic
functions
Trigonometric functions of ax, the power and
exponential function
Trigonometric functions of ig te for. 1k, the
power and exponential functions
Trigonometric functions of [x]_.
Trigonometric functions of f(e) and the
exponential function
Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions

THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 100

In"(ax) and algebraic functions
in" (axt/*
+b) and algebraic functions 102
Functions of the form ind x*! ma +4x7! m and
algebraic functions 105
In”x, the power and exponential functions 107
The logarithmic function of f(e) and the
exponential function 107
The logarithmic and hyperbolic functions 112
The logarithmic and trigonometric functions 113
 CONTENTS Vii

2.6. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 114

2.6.1. Inverse trigonometric functions of algebraic
functions 114
ZO: Inverse trigonometric functions of the
exponential function $I/k 116
2.6.3. Trigonometric functions of arccos(ax_’) 117
2.6.4. Trigonometric functions of arccos f(e*) and the
exponential function 119
2.6.5. arctan (ax*/*), arccot(ax*!/*) and the power
function _ = 120
2.6.6. arctan f(e “i arccot f(e*) and the exponential
function +I/k 122
2.6.7. Trigonometric functions of arctan(a« ” ) 124

2a. INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 126

Chapter 3. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS 127

3.1. THE GAMMA FUNCTION [(z) 127

r"(x+a) and the power and exponential functions 127
The gamma function of [x] 128

THE RIEMANN ZETA FUNCTION (€(z) AND

THE FUNCTION 6(z,v) 130
€(n[x]+p) and various functions 130
€([x]+p,v) and various functions 131

THE POLYLOGARITHM Li, (2) 131

Li, (-ax’) and the power function 13]
Li, f(e *)) and the exponential function 132

THE EXPONENTIAL INTEGRAL Ei(z) 134

Eitax’S and the power function 134
Filan) the power and exponential functions 137
Ei(f(e*) and the exponential functions 138
Ei(+ax) and trigonometric functions 142
Ei(tax) and the logarithmic function 142
wown
Anh
— Products of Ei(tax) and the power function 143

THE SINE si(z),Si(z) AND COSINE ci(z) INTEGRALS 144

WW
&WWW
WwWnn
RRDRD
DD sian
— ae Silat Ni cea) and the power
function 144
si(f(e*)), Sif(e*)), ci(f(e”)) and the
exponential function 147
sitaxt”); ciax*!*) and hyperbolic functions 149
+1/k
sitax””, ci(ax) and trigonometric
functions 153
 CONTENTS

si(ax™!), Si(ax*'), the exponential and

trigonometric functions 159
ci(ax) and the logarithmic function 160
Products of iar) and Biehl 160

THE HYPERBOLIC SINE shi(z) AND COSINE chi(z)

INTEGRALS 160
shi(ax!”*, chi(ax!/*) and the power function 160
shi(f(e*)), chi(f(e*)) and the exponential
function 163
; 1/k ; 1/k , :
shi(ax ’"), chi(ax ") and hyperbolic functions 165
shitann chien) and trigonometric
functions 167
chi(ax) and the logarithmic function 168

THE ERROR FUNCTIONS erf(z), erfc(z), AND erfi(z) 169

The error functions of ax+5 and the power
function 169
The error functions of ax Wk +b. 171
The error functions of ax he or of avx
+ b/Vx 174
r +1/k
The error “functions of ax and the
exponential function ae 177
The error functions of e~ and the exponential
function 180
The error functions and hyperbolic functions 186
The error functions and trigonometric functions 193
The error functions and the logarithmic function 200
erf (ae sys the exponential function and inverse
trigonometric functions 1/k 201
Products of the error functions of ax _ 202
Products of the error functions of f(e *) 204
}The error functions and the exponential
integral 205
THE FRESNEL INTEGRALS S(z) AND C(z) 205
stax, ciax 4) and the power function 205
S(f(e~)), C(f(e~)) and the exponential
function 207
Stax yy Cast!’ and hyperbolic functions 209
+1/k +1/k : F ,
S(ax ), Clax ) and trigonometric functions 213
THE GENERALIZED FRESNEL INTEGRALS S(z,v)
AND C(z,v) 217
+1/k
S(ax* Vv), Caxt* yy and the power function 2d
S(f(e*),v), C(f(e*),v) and the exponential
function 219
 CONTENTS

3953! Stax yy, Crax!/*y) and hyperbolic functions

3.9.4. stax! * yy, Craxi!*y) and trigonometric
functions

3.10. THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS [I\v,z)

AND y(v,z)
3.10.1. T,ax), (v,axt 5 and the power function
3.10.2. I'([x]+v,a), y([x]+v,a) and various functions
SeOrS: Tw,axt", (v,axt and the exponential
function
3.10.4. Tv, f(e*)), yw, f(e*)) and the exponential
function
Sa0:5; Baas 7). y(v,axt*y and hyperbolic
functions
3.10.6. Tier”. (vax) and trigonometric
functions
SHIOSTe of Tv,ax and y(v axel!)
Products

3.11. THE PARABOLIC-CYLINDER FUNCTION D(z)

Stoll toile D (aVx) and the power function
ab Ee D tx) (a) and various functions

Sel bias: D tax!) and the exponential function

3.11.4. Dif (e ‘)) and the exponential function
Sululeos D (a¥x) and hyperbolic functions
Salil:6- D (aVx) and trigonometric functions
3.11.7. Products of D (ax)
3.12. THE BESSEL FUNCTION J (z)
ayaa J (ax) and the power function
SUZ. Jax’) and the power function
el
i ato& J (ax) and the power function
3.12.4. Jax) and the power function

Sm2.5. J, (afx? 4x2 } and algebraic functions

JaZ.6; J, (al+b 45x 2) and algebraic functions

Bu 2:7: ey (ax"') and the power function

3.12.8. ne) and the exponential function
3.12.9. Jax”) and hyperbolic functions
3.12.10. J (a(sinh x») and hyperbolic functions
 CONTENTS

+1/k 277
J (ax ) and trigonometric functions
4
+lx/k
J (ae ) and trigonometric functions
Vv
+lx/k 280
of e
Jo (x)) and the logarithmic function 281
J (ae *) and inverse trigonometric functions 282
J (ax)J (bx) and the power function 283

J (axe! 7 (oxin) and the power function 293

+lx/k +lx/k
dj u (ae )J (ae ) and the exponential
function 296

THE NEUMANN FUNCTION Y_(z) 298

Y (ax) and the power function 298
) and the power function 300
-l/k
Yx(ax ) and the power function 301
v

Y (f(x)) and algebraic functions 302

-b/x
e€ Y (ax™') and the power function 304
Y¢f (e “)) and the exponential function 304
Y (ax) and hyperbolic functions 305
Y (ax") and trigonometric functions 307
t1/k +
Ya(ax
Vv
) J tax*!*) and various functions 309

THE HANKEL FUNCTIONS H‘ (2), H (2) 311

i) +
H (ax Bhs and the power function 311
v

HO? @ xan z) and algebraic functions 312

THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 1, @ 313

I (ax) and the power function 3
I/k
I (ax ) and the power function 317
1s (afx? 8.5 ") and algebraic functions 321
2
Is (a Se Sty 2) and algebraic functions 322
+1/k
exp(-bx™ )I.(ax ) and the power function 324
Ife") and the exponential function 326
m/2
Te (ax ) and hyperbolic functions 329
Vv

I (ae) and hyperbolic functions 331

m/2
I (ax ) and trigonometric functions 331
Vv
 CONTENTS xi

4 ety ) and trigonometric functions

+1x/k
ee 334
I,(f(~)) and the logarithmic function 335
i;
(ae *) anes gRNETSS trigonometric functions 336
m(ax ES (bx!! ‘) and the power function 337
je
pie yr, (ae) and the exponential function 339
tat! 1 fax ) and the power function 340
I (ax)I (bx) and the power function 341

I (ax!1 (ox! and the power function 346

1 Ge) Cae") and the exponential function 349

THE MacDONALD FUNCTION K (2) 349

K ae? end the power function 349
Kas! » and the power function 352
K (ax! as and the power function 353

Be @ x 4x2 ) and algebraic functions 355

K,, (alx 125 7 and algebraic functions 356

exp(tbx"’)K (ax) and the power function 357
K (f(e*)) and the exponential function 359
K (ax) and hyperbolic functions 363
K yf) and hyperbolic functions 364
K.
yar) and trigonometric functions 365
i stax!OK,(bx:. and the power function 366
y (axOK,(oxa and the power function 368
1 tax!yk (ox!fy and the power function 368
I/k I/k
K lax )K. (bx) and the power function 370

THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS H, (z) AND L, (z) 370

H (ax!)Ye L ax”alls and the power PariGtion 370
H(f(e*)), L (f(e*)) ‘and the exponential
function 375
1/k 1/k ‘ F
H (ax), L (ax) and hyperbolic functions 377
/kisve
H(ax »S L (ax!) and trigonometric
Grdctions 381
H, (ax) and the Bessel function J, (ax) 383
Ye‘ax!’i — H (ax and the power function 384
xii CONTENTS

Soldat: Yo (e*)) - H(f (e *)) and the exponential

function 384
OnE: Ba > and the modified Bessel function
Tax) 386
SoL7.9: Ue L(f(e*)) and the exponential
function 387

3.18. THE ANGER FUNCTION JZ) AND THE WEBER

FUNCTION E(2) 390
3.18.1. Jax", B ax") and the power function 390
Salse2: J (ax), E,(ax) and hyperbolic functions 391
3.18.3. J (ax), E(ax) and trigonometric functions 392

3.19. THE KELVIN FUNCTIONS ber (2), bei, (z), ker, (z),
kei_(z) 392
Uk o UR :
Spe he ber (ax Ne bei, (ax ) and the power function 392
3.19.2. ber (ae), bei, (ae ™*) and the exponential
function 394
5:19.3. ber (ax), bei, (ax!/*) and hyperbolic
functions 395
3.19.4. ber (ax!/*), bei, (ax!) and trigonometric
functions 397
3319.5. Products of the functions ber (ax'’),
bei, (ax), ber’ (ax'/, bei’ (ax! /*) 398
3.19.6. ker (ax), kei (ax!/*) and the power function 401
S97: ker (ae~”"), kei (ae~””) and the exponential
function 402
1/k
3.19.8. ker, (ax Ne kei (ax!/*) and hyperbolic
functions 404
1 : ‘ 2
3.19.9. ker, (ax a kei (ax!) and trigonometric
functions 404
3.19.10. The Kelvin functions and the logarithmic
function 405
3.20. THE AIRY FUNCTIONS Ai(z) AND Bi(z) 405
: I/k 2
320.1, Aitax” Ns Bi(ax!”* and the power function 406
; I/k 3
3.20.2. Ai(ax!! ), Bi(ax!*) and the power function 407
3.20.3. Ai(f(e *)), Bi(f(e*)) and the exponential
function 408
 CONTENTS xiii

3.20.4. Products of the Airy functions and the power

function 411
3.20.5. Products of the Airy functions and the
exponential function 412
3.21. THE INTEGRAL BESSEL FUNCTIONS Ji,(2), Yi,(),
Ki (z) 413
+1/k
3.20.1: Ji (ax
v
M Yi (ax tl/k ), Ki fax", and the
power function 412
521.2. Jitax™), Yi(ax”), Ki,(ax””) and
hyperbolic functions 416
3221).3. Ji (ax'"'), Yi (ax), Ki (ax) and trigonometric
functions 416

3.22. THE LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS P,(z) 419

J 22.0. P (axe) and the power function 419
3.22.2. P(f(x)) and algebraic functions 420
3.22.3. BM (e *)) and the exponential function 423
3.22.4. Pig (y) and various functions 424
S220: P (cosh ax) and P (cos ax) 425
3.22.6. Products of Pig (x)) and the power function 425

3.23. THE CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS 7(z) AND U_(2) 425

3.23015 Tee) and algebraic functions 425

D.23.2. T ,F@)) and algebraic functions 427
323.3. pm (e ~)) and the exponential function 428
3.23.4. U eax) and algebraic functions 429
3.23.5. U_(f(x)) and algebraic functions 430
3.23.0. U fe *)) and the exponential function 431

3.24. THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS Li@) 431

3.24.1. Ly (ax’) and the power function 431

3.24.2. L*(ax.’) and the power function 435

+1/k
3.24.3. L\ (ax ) and the exponential function 437
Xiv CONTENTS

3.24.4. Lae) and hyperbolic functions 438

3.24.5.
v
L (ax
+m
) and
.
trigonometric
. :
functions 44]
3.24.6. L}(ax) and Bessel functions 443
3.24.7. Products of L\(ax
+m/2
) and the power function 444
3.24.8. ie (y) and various functions 446

3.25. THE HERMITE POLYNOMIALS H @) 448

Siapie H (ax”’) and the power function 448
+1/k : ‘
Sion H (ax) and the exponential function 450
e293: H, (aes and hyperbolic functions 453
3.25.4. H ax”), the exponential and hyperbolic
>
functions 455
+m/2 : ‘ ;
S250). H (ax ) and trigonometric functions 455
+m/2 : . ,
325.0. H (ax ), the exponential and trigonometric

functions 458
SPITE Products of H (avx) and the power function
3.25.8. A ngen™ and various functions 460
3.25.9: Products of Aig (y) and various functions 461

3.26. THEGEGENBAUER POLYNOMIALS C’(2) 461

Z
320.1. Can) and the power function 461

32622: CVF) and algebraic functions. 462

3:20.35; CUE) and the exponential function 465

Vv
3.26.4. C..(y) and various functions 467
[x]
SEZOr0: Products of Ci) 468

3.27. THE JACOBI POLYNOMIALS Be (a) 468

pit)
S271. n (f(x)) and algebraic functions 468
(pu, i 5
ent.2. Pra (y) and various functions 474

3.28. THE BERNOULLI B (2), EULER E,@ AND NEUMANN

O,,(2@) POLYNOMIALS 476
+
3.28.1. B tax’), Big (y) and various functions 476
 CONTENTS XV

3.28.2. Ez.(ax* oy. Ex 1 and various functions 477

3.28.3. O.(ax*") and the power function 477
3.29. THE BATEMAN FUNCTION _&_(z) 478
3.29.1. k, oe a the power function 478
O.L9.2. hy
x (ax! ‘ and the exponential function 479
ra +1x/k
3129.3. ae ) and the exponential function 480
3.29.4. k (ax) and hyperbolic functions 481
o:29.. k (ax) and trigonometric functions 481
3.29.6. Products of k (ax) and the power function 482
3.29.7. Products of k (ae) 483

3.30. THE LAGUERRE FUNCTION L (2) 483

3.30.1. L, (ax) and the power function 483
390.2. L tax*!5 and the exponential function 484
3.30;3; L (ax) and hyperbolic functions 484
3.30.4. L (ax) and trigonometric functions 485

3.31. COMPLETE ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS D(z), E(z)

AND K(z) 485
33h.1. Diax*), Bax ene K (ax*”* and the power
function 485
3201.2. D(f(x)), E(f(x)), K((x)) and algebraic
functions 487
$.31.3. Dif(e*)), E¢(e)y, Kf(e*)) and the
exponential function 489
3.31.4. D(f(x)), E(f(x)), K(f(x)) and hyperbolic
functions 489
Sah Os D(x), Ef), K(f(~)) and trigonometric
functions 491
3.32. THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRST
KIND P'(z) 492
oz.) Ba, (x)) and algebraic functions 493

5Poy ie Bog (e *)) and the exponential function 497

3732.35 Py (e~*) and various functions 499

3.32.4. P* (cosh x), the exponential and hyperbolic

functions 501
3.32.5. Pe re and various. functions 502
Xvi CONTENTS

3.32.6. Products of Pi(f(x)) 502

3.33. THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE SECOND

KIND Q'(z) 502

Sy avoulle O: (f(x)) and algebraic functions 503

3r3322. Q" (f(e*)) and the exponential function 503

BRABs Q" (f(x)) and various functions 504

3.34. THE LOMMEL FUNCTIONS sy) AND s. y?) 504

taxt!4. s axtll#
aay baile ) and the power
B,v bv
function 504
3.34.2. S lax), S (ax!/*) and hyperbolic
pv Hv
functions 506
3.34.3. Ss lax), S fax! and trigonometric
pv Hv
functions 507

3.35. THE KUMMER CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC

FUNCTION iF, (asbs2) 508

Shayla iF (a;b;0x/) and the power function 508

Ska)eae FP (Gosh), the power and exponential
functions 512
Shobak |, (atm[x] ;b+m[x];o) and various functions 513

3.35.4. F (ajbj0xe?) and hyperbolic functions 514

Saher 40 (a;b;0x"”"”?) and trigonometric functions S15
3.35.6. jf (G;0x) and various functions 516
Dont Products of pF, (45b30x) syle)

3.36. THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC

FUNCTION YW (a,;z) 517
3.36.1. V(absoxt! and the power function S17
a 00r2: YW (a,b,f(x)) and the exponential function 520
3.36.3. ¥(a,b;f(e*)) and the exponential function 522
3.36.4. W(a,b,0x~”) and hyperbolic functions 527
3.56:9. W(a,box"”), the exponential and hyperbolic
functions 528
+

3.36.6. W(a,b;ox”) and trigonometric functions 529

 CONTENTS XVii

+
W(a,b;wx"") the exponential and trigonometric
functions 530
Products iF 1 (asbsax” \¥ (a,b;-0x!" and the
power function 530
Products iba (a;b;-we*) ¥ (a,b;we*") 531
Products of ¥(a,b;0x!", the power and
exponential functions 532
Products of W(a,b;we~*) and the exponential
function 532

THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION

F (a,b3c;z) 533
zoF (a,b3¢;-ox
+1/k ) and the power function 533
ptoss(a,b;c;f(x)) and algebraic. functions 535
oF (a,bicif(e
*)) and the exponential function ays)

THE GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 546

F ((a_)3;(b_);wx
mn m n
zit
Lg
and the power function 546.
mk n(4,,)3,)sf(€ “)) and the exponential
function 554
mf 164, + [4]; ,)+ [4] 50) and various functions 557

THE MacROBERT E-FUNCTION E(u;a 036 :2) 558

(a)
THE MEIJER G-FUNCTION Ge f 559
(b,)
G-function and the power function 559
G-function and the exponential function 560
G-function with [x] in parameters 562
Products of G-functions 563

THETA-FUNCTIONS 6((2,9), 8 (2,9) 564

8(aVx,9), 8(v,e *) 564

8,(v,ax) 565

THE FUNCTIONS v(z), v(z,Q), m(z,A), “(z,A,Q),

566
v(ax”"“),v(e
), the power and exponential
functions 566
vax? 9), v(e ”,9) and the power function 566
XViii CONTENTS

3.42.3. a a) and the power function 567

3.42.4. Gar 20S and the power function 568
3.42.5. A(ax',o) and the power function 568

3.43. THE CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

OF TWO VARIABLES 568
3.43.1. Confluent hypergeometric functions and the power
function 568

APPENDIX. ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY OF THE LAPLACE

TRANSFORMATION 571

The Laplace transform and its basic properties 571

The application of the Laplace transformation to the
solution of differential and integral equations 584
Some comments and references 599

BIBLIOGRAPHY 601
LIST OF NOTATIONS OF FUNCTIONS AND CONSTANTS 607
LIST OF MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS 619
PREFACE

This is Volume 4 of the series Integrals and Series. It contains tables of

direct Laplace transforms

co

F(p) = [r(x)e *dx

0

and includes results. previously published in similar books and journals.

However, many of the results were obtained by the authors and are being
published for the first time.
Volume 5 of this series contains tables of inverse Laplace transforms
and tables of factorization of various integral transforms.
The Laplace transformation is used extensively in various problems of
pure and applied mathematics. Particularly widespread and effective is its
application to problems arising in the theory of operational calculus and in
its applications, embracing the most diverse branches of science and
technology. An important advantage of methods using the Laplace
transformation lies in the possibility of compiling tables of direct and
inverse Laplace transforms of various elementary and special functions
¢ommonly encountered in applications.
In this volume the tables are arranged in two columns. The left-hand
column of each page shows original f(x) and the right-hand column gives the
corresponding image F(p). The main text is introduced by a fairly detailed
list of contents, from which the required formulas can be easily found.
A number of Larlace transforms are expressed in terms of the Meijer
G-function. When combined with the table of special cases of the G-function
[82], these formulas make it possible to obtain Laplace transforms of
various elementary and special functions of mathematical physics. Some other
 PREFACE XX

formulas, in particular Laplace transforms of general form and those of

piecewise-continuous functions, can
be found in [80-82].
For the sake of compactness, abbreviated notation is used. For example,
the formula

erf (ax)

erfc (ax) [Oh=ao(elew(ta]

P
2

4a

Re p>0; |arga|<n/4
jarg a|<n/4

is a contraction of the two formulas

2
erf (ax) A exp ae erfc [2]
Pp 2 2a
4a
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

(in which only the upper sign and the upper expression in the curly brackets
are taken) and
D
erfc (ax) re
D | Bs
teo(2| ps,
erte(
55]

[|arg a|<n/4)

(in which only the lower sign and the lower expression in the curly brackets
are taken).
References to formulas written in the form 3.7.1.1. denote Formula 1 of
Subsection 3.7.1.; unless other conditions are indicated, k,/,m,n=0,1,2....
The Appendix contains a short survey of the theory of the Laplace
transformation, and examples of its applications in problems of differential
and integral equations.
The bibliographic sources, notations of functions, constants, and
mathematical symbols are listed at the end. of the book.
We would be extremely grateful to any readers who draw our attention to
oversights, which are inevitable in a work of this size.
Chapter 1. FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

1.1. TRANSFORMS CONTAINING ARBITRARY FUNCTIONS

1.1.1. Basic formulas

1. F(p) = feMrooae
0

ytioco
1 px
Ih ora J e F(p)dp F(p)

Ye

1.1.2. f(A(x)) and algebraic functions

1. f (ax) 1a F(2}
pfe

[a>0]

2. f(xta) e”? [F(p) vale,“Fnds]

0

{a>0]

3. f(ax+b) cee fa [F[2] - foxes cds]

0
[a,b>0]

4. @(x-a)f (x-a) e PF (p)

[a>0]

. 0, x<b/a ate (2)

f(ax+b), x>b/a a
[a,b>0}
 FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

. f (x+a)=f (x) (eeea fePreax

- 7 \x+a)=-f (x)

- F([x])

n-1
10. x "f (x) [-[Fo@an" - {4-2} Fydu
Dp ?p

v+1 0 (v+l) ,,(-ap)/ath,

11. 8(a—x)x’f(x-a)
Cd et he (v+2),wal Bu

co

[rev>-l; f-S hx |x\|<r, r>00|

k=0

12. f (x?)
4u

a 2
13. xf (x*) f= [u??exp (?a F(u)du
4vn 4 4u

14. at (x?) l/2 (one op a ea pu l

BG fu e H,( 9) F i}

15. xi (x”)

co

16. fix!) po ae (2Vpu)F(u)du

0
 TRANSFORMS CONTAINING ARBITRARY FUNCTIONS 3

ie tae) [4,2vPwFwdu
0

18. x°f(x"') pee iuy Ovpu)Fwdu

a 0
[Re v>-2]

19. vals [Pp reoax

n=1 . 0

yric

20. f, (f(x) — [ F,@F-2dz

2ni pe

aie f(p(x)) and non-algebraic functions

1. e F(x) F (pta)

2. e *F (bx) $F [254]
[b>0]

(0) 2 Key) “a (=v) OEE)

3. O(x-a) X ere) es ah
P hig (Pt1) i yy j! k
Se (ler) FO)
co

E v>-1; Re p>0; fi) he’ Je ‘<r, roe)

k=0

co

5s 1 p —un{u
4. f(ae -a) aripety |e (4) du
0
[a>0]

5. f(a sinh x) [4,(qurF w du

0
[a>0]
4 FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

6. sinh ax f(x) 4LF (p-a) ~ Fip+a)]

7. cosh ax f(x) 4 [F(p-a) + F(p+a)]

8. sin ax f(x) 7lF (-ia) - F(p+ia)}|

9. cos ax f(x) iF (p-ia) + F (p+ia)]

quite MbI2)"

10. 8(a—x)x"x (y+vt+1)

0 (v4+1) x

oo CRY Te) oe eet (=ap)’

jecing PTVF2ZY oy
k Dare 1
a (-a’b°/4)
= iis wae
co

[Retwrn>-t fo) ne |x| <r, r>00|

k=0

(Gids Vee
11. 8(x-a)x ~(p+vy Preval) *
- oo (pt+v) CS) =
x d-e*)" x x hn (p+v+1)
aNou
BtVanen (v+1)
f__ 1

x J (be F(x) (lata hed PE ipne“74),

me
ee k
[Retr fn-V Hoe le ‘I<r, r>e°; oo]
k=0

x j
12. (1-e™*)"x cl pa pee es
prutl|,e-o (PUTT) 5,4) j7!
X oF (esbe Ff) [reu>-1; Re p>0; fio) he eee “ler, r>e’: »o|
k= 0
 TRANSFORMS CONTAINING ARBITRARY FUNCTIONS .

Aaa es) (u+1)

j+k+ CB):
13. 6(a—-x)x" x
uel, j=o HTT) j+ke+l
CoE

x PF, (5¢3 wx) f(x)

De! Cody
Gaaipy mad
x jit! Ay
co

[rep>-l; fixe) hx |x| <r, ron]

k=0

a Powell oo Cae Pech Wwaoe

14 41 -e 7)" | | ‘gdh j kce
p+ptl i, wo (PTLD, geo ae!

x | F)(bsc;we
“fF(x)
foe}

[rep>-1; Re p>0; f-y ne*|

k=0

15. 6(x-a) (1-e *)*«

eae fe ST CBee
TESORO SPrs
SRE hy
TF PP
Dare ena yen pee

ay as(b;c;we >)f (x) x (-e (we fot hy

co
x
[rep>0; fl-V tes vmleml<rjnsens a)
k=0

P p, eth] eo? Cp), , Cad 2b oth

16. (l-e *)#x | | poe j j mY
k
pt+ptl i, py Cpr prt).ey .7:
PS;
x oF | (asb;c; we yx ae
[reu>-1; Re p>0; foo=V he |
aac) k= 0

l-e ? kp
17. f([x]) f([x]=k)e
: P ah

1.1.4. Derivatives of f(x)

ete) pF (p) -—f (0)

6 FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

2. fa p"F(p) ~ p" 'f 0) - p"f'O) -...- f""(n-1) O)

a)" ‘a n
3. [*$5] f (x) | F(p)

4 dee\e
(a5 x|f (x) [-» $5]: F(p)

erala eens
ae oe x), foPp J-eform
|..-P| PF (p)an"
(dp
Pp Dp Dp
Todsale
if Le f(x) hes

k=0,1,2,...,2-1

6.: xf" (x) (-5)"t

dp "F(p)]
pip

for mn,

da ee er 5 ie
A (PF ()] + (Di sax

CH= 1 ) ! n-m-1 (n-2)!

‘ Ges yr? 10) + Ti=m=2) 1*
x De O) aa Hf eae ©]

for m<n

d” m m_n_(m)
Te sae f(x)] (-1) pF (p)
x
for m>n,

_ yy npn) n-m-1
(-1l) pF (p) =mlp f() -
F. on ! Ay=?
ij m 26> i ee

me (ral)! (n—m-1)
(n-m-1)! f 0)
for m<n

FLA
8. Ges f(x), (p-n) F(p-n)

if f” ©) -0,
k=0,1,2,...,2-1
 TRANSFORMS CONTAINING ARBITRARY FUNCTIONS

9, am f (x,a) Ja F(p,a)

1.1.5. Integrals containing f(x)

1. [rexurdu [Fowdu
a a
iY) 10)

2. [rood =ah a pire

es F(p)

[Re p>0]

4. jae ot No p “F(p)

[Re a,Re p>0]

1
5. fu raodu ae p)dp
p

Dp
l
é |uf (udu —i |F(p)d,
[Fierdp
0

1. [F,wor,-wau F (p)F,(p)

8. a |r,(u)f,(x-u)du PF (p)F,(P)
0
 FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

fe

9. iat le (u) du
0

10 ; e™ [ox-we™/wrdu
0

see fo-w 2s (u)du

0

12. JEravp
[Re p>0]

2
x 3/2 fue™ I du
13. vn F(2Vp)
0
[Re p>0]

_ 2
14 : [exw exp - u rendu J Fp+2¥p)
x-Uu
0

35
fuce-w >? o,
15. 2vn F(p+vp)
0
2
x exp|~ as! f(u)du

16. [sinh” ew (u)du RQ LC =) 028)

a F(p)
0 P(1+(pt+v)/2)
[-1<Re v<Re p]

co

17. [u?sinn Vxu f(u)du

0

[Re p>0}
 TRANSFORMS CONTAINING ARBITRARY FUNCTIONS 9

co

-1/2 I 1
18. x [cosh Vxu f(u)du EA ered
0
[Re p>0]

19. for ?sin Vxu f(u)du 5 = Fla

Pp
0 p

[Re p>0]

-1/2 It 1
20. x [cos vxu f(udu [2Fi
0
{Re p>0]

21 See aNd seria P)

i IEE) p
0
[Re p>0]

FS & au-1
22; eae OE F(a
In p)
0
[a,Re p>0]

co i .

xf Cw) AS
23. WO. du + 0) 5 In p Flnp)
0
[Re p>0]

i
24, x r)/2 fexe[- 2 g
4] 2” Vap 2p VyTp)
0
[Re p>0]
x D [4] rena
YAYX.
x

25. Gap x Sx cpea)” - -FiptV 2 p+ da)

0
i 2 (Re v<1/2; Re(p+a)>0]
x exp [-2-0- ga] x

x D,| u ) nau
x-Uu
10 FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

co

26 [rows wau i1 onlfees

1
Pp te
0
[Re p>0]

—VvE-v—ll 1
27. aL Ca a xu)f(u)du 2 Dp F(in]

0
[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

28 ; [2 ec-wofwdu cer ene F(p)

Pelee poe
0

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Im a|]

fonwy (acx-w yf udu

Vv

29. + Eas F(p)

0 pre par

[Re v>0; Re p>|Im a|]

(2a) PRiv+1/29
30. [o-wy a (x-u))f (udu Vip Pacey eer
F(p)
0

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Im a|]

Vv

31.
pel

XJ (av (x-u) (x-ut+b))x £xp[b(p-4p* +a’ )/2) Fp)

| 2 D2
Petea

x f(u)du [Re v>-1; Re p>|Ima|; |arg b|<n]J

x
4 \ oat a’
32. forwy av x—u)f(u)du (5)p exp(- 45]F(p)
0
[Re v>-1; Re p>0]
 TRANSFORMS CONTAINING ARBITRARY FUNCTIONS 11

33. [raced x? —u *)F(u)du (p-ayn /2

F¢ pa”)
0
[Re p>|Im a}]

xX.
v/2
34. eS)
x+uU
1 (alCM OY (u)du ae p?+a?)
0 Gieap* +a 2

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Im a|]

ul (pines —u a
35: ail ee f(u)du F( pear)
0 em
[Re p>|Im a|]

- , (4 a )
f(x)-ax{ ——P__-FA p*+a*)
7 2 2 2
0 Be i) Peaa

(Re p>|Im a|]

1 1
37.
alan
[Re p>0]

38.

xJ (avu (x-u))f(u)du [Re v>-1; Re p>0)

co

COLA
39. i |(x+u) we bday? +a + 2B). x
2
0 Tap? +a

x J (av¥x (x+u))f(u)du 2 2
4p +a -p

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Im a|/2)

12 FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

co
-bu 2 2
ee pee x lew -#(?4p 4742-2]
40.
0 xX+uU

XJ (av x (x+u))f(udu (Re p>|Im a|/2]

41 a [1,@e-w)r du Free greece

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a|]

42 ; fo-w" x leg F(p)

gy pea
0
x I (avx —u)f(u)du [Re v>0; Re p>|Re a|]

x:

(2a)” T(vt+1/2)
43 : [o-w"x Sa a)
Vu woe
0

x I (a(x—u))f (u)du [Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Re a|]

Vv

44.

Ded pa"
ny pa
x £xPlb(p-4
2 ae 2
)/2) rw)
XI (a¥ (x-u) (x-ut+b))x
2 Z
Daa
x f (udu [Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a|;- |arg 6|<nx]

ooo te
x
Vv 9
45. fo-w"? x
0

x1 (aVx-u)f(u)du {Re v>-1; Re p>0]

46. Jagat x? =u?) x praa)Y pdgeg 2)

0

x f(u)du [Re p>|Re

a|]
 TRANSFORMS CONTAINING ARBITRARY FUNCTIONS 13

* Pa Fy v/2 -1/2
47. jie x 2p a8) ed Ya?)
0 (pray: -a ay

x L,(ad x? uf wdu [Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a}]

48. f(x)+ F( p? Sar}

ered Cade on
+af [Re p>|Re a|]
0 oa

49. f(x)+

vox| tebe
ek (a a)
[Re p>|Re
a|]
0 ee

1
50. [iave (xu) )f(wdu
ves
0
[Re p>0]

Tl os
0

x I (aVu (x-u))f(u)du [Re v>-1; Re p>0]

a
52. | gla

x1 (av x (x+u))f(u)du <a

oe
[Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a|/2]
14 FORMULAS OF GENERAL FORM

53. x 4 | eee as ]-ro|

a
2 2

x I (avx (x+u))f(u)du [Re p>|Re a|/2]

- (n+ 1)/2 y Sep FQVp)

54. x

[Re p>0]
«fs
“I Xp)
ae A) ide

T(c)p* EGS
SD. [o-w" x
0 Cp= ye

[Re c>0; Re p>max(0,Re A)]

x ae (a;c;A(x—-u))
f (u)du

56. IL 2
oKn Foss

8
om

ah iesu) faodu (Re p>0]

(a
ale Gg" n+l] u
37. seas
p Gra :9| Pp
0
(6)

[r<q; Im+2n>r+q; Re b 2-1,

k=1,2,...,m; Re p>0]

58. k (-1)*
(-1) —[coth
= (lvp)] F(p)
p

[k=0,1; Re p>0]
Chapter 2. ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2.1. THE POWER AND ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS

n
2.1.1. Functions of the form x, 0(¢x¥a)x", [x]

T(v+l1)
v+1

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

n!
n+1

[Re p>0]

(2n-1)!!Vn
non lee:
2 P
[Re p>0]

1
4. @(a-x)x” a heap)

[Re v>-1; a@>0]

n k
n! n! —-ap (ap)
5. 8(a-x)x” n+1 peri
n+1S te » k!
p k=0

[a>0]

lie
6. Oca=xin 2

cp hap lay SAROn=oo Vap)

Frais i pe) oes Cd a
[a>0]}
16 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

1
7. 0(x-a)x” v+1
T(v+1,ap)

{a,Re p>0]

A nt a n Ca so
8. 6(x-a)x © ——e oar
nal
k=0 ‘

{a,Re p>0)

-n-1/2 Bas LG ae
~ k r{n-k+3)
1) a k-n-1/2_kp+
9. O(x-a)x — hn

(tye aN YR
+ Tit+l/2) erfc(v ap)

[a,Re p>0]

n
== 1 e Bae DED k (n-k)!a~”
nip k-n-1_k
pe
10. 6(x-a)x

- 2) Ei(—ap)
[a,Re p>0]

11. [x] A.
pte —1)
{Re p>0]

p
12. S[x17 1
p(e?-1)
[Re p>0]

n Kuk
itd" eb | co" (nt
P ad le" d =
[Re p>0]

2.1.2. Functions of the form (x+z)”, (a-x).

pz
1. (x+z)” P(v+l, pz)
v+l

[Re p>0; larg z|<n]

THE POWER AND ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 174

! n k
ie y (pz)
p
n+1 =
k!

[Re p>0]
e pees n-1 1 k és
Sie gil Sibtkesh
a4) e”’Ei(—pz)
(ee

[Re p>0; |arg z|<n]

Jzeerfc(Vp z)

[Re p>0; |arg z|<x]

= e”Ei(—-pz)

[Re p>0; |arg z|<x]

ee aia Vn pe erfc(Vpz)
Vz
[Re p>0;_ |arg z|<zxJ

+ae pe’ Ei(-pz)

{Re p>0;, |arg z|<zx]

-ap

v+1
y(v+1,—ap)

[Re v>-l; a>0]

e”* [Ei(—ap—pz) — Ei(-pz)]

[Jarg z|<n or z>a, a>0]

T(v+1) eo?
v+1

[a,Re p>0)

ser? Ei(bp—ap)
{a>b>0]
18 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

be Jy PEED (—apy* - &In(ap)

k=0 :

[a,Re p>0}

2.1.3. Functions of the form x" (x+z)”, xP (a>x),

ptv+l
1. x? (x+z)” T(pt+l)z Wut, wt+v+2; pz)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<nx)

+1/2
PBeesleaia TGs (2) P22 B
ae p v+1/2{ 2

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<n]

:
SEX
Si CEL)
ae ~ivn
Fa T(w+1) a
Zz) +1/2 e siap Ase
,((141)/2) (pz)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; -(2nt+n)/2<arg z<(2n¥n)/2]

ca 2” +1/2 pz/2
4. Pareienla - T(v+l)e D_,,_,6V2P2)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<x]

v v +1
5 92 pz/2
2 ee Te Be Dew Doe cre
[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg zj<x]

papi
ee r (v+1)z ree
e T(-v,pz)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<zx]

5 Be 1 n+l on pz. " (250

es Gls zee EiGpa+ ) Ely "
k=] p
[Re p>0; |arg z|<x]

8 ge n__n-1/2 pz
ean (-1) nz e erfc(v¥pz)+

Yn 1/2-n<
Renter
.
AD,
k=]
(2n-2k-3)!!(—2pz)"
[Re p>0; |arg z|<z]
 THE POWER AND ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 19

9. ee se) -1/2
sf) (4
[Re p>0; |arg z|<n]
p v pt+v+l
10. x (a-x), B(u+l,v+l)a fF, (ut, wt+v+2; —ap)
[Re p,Re v>-1; a>0]

v+1/2
v v
Il. x (a-x), VnT(v+1) (<}
(Re v>-1; a>0]

12. x2 (q-x) 1”?

[a>0]

p v
Kaa x)
+v+1
(ee ae B(ptl,v+l)a # Zz °O, (2,0; p+v+2;— 2 ap)
(x+z)°
[Re p,Re v>-1; |arg(1+a/z)|<n; a>0]

6 (a-x)
14. aay etl = erf’(Yap)]
Vx (x+a) 2Va
{a>0]

pb v +v+1
15.. x (x-a), Tv+la . e€~@ PW y+], utv+2; ap)

[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

v
16. x (x-a)
Vv r(v+l1) (2)mM? aol ap
v+1/2 2
vx VP
[Re v>-1; a@,Re p>0}

47.
:
x! v (x-a),,-v-1/2 EO gt p iyTap)
2°
¥ pi
[Re v<1/2; a,Re p>0]

-v-3/2 T(-1/2-v) -ap/2

18. i(e= a). avril? is2© D ave § 2ap)

[Re v<-1/2; a,Re p>0]

20 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

1/2
19. x! (x-a), na erte(Vap)

(a,Re p>0]

PQ) 2 Got cap) nave "cot vn

p
[Re v>-1, v0; a,Re p>0]

l/k.v
2.1.4. Functions of the form sliney Medes x" (a-x es for 1Ak

eae : ee
Werte
[Re p,Re z>0] .

1, p+l pt del Ae oad eae 3 wtl, 1

Zs xP (xt 2?y”
2 - 2 2
Pay 84
p+3 Be “fale ~y-Ha 1}20H?
yO er|

epee prim T(n+2v+1)

sae bast 225EVES 4 -)+ oe x

[Re p>-1; Re p,Re z>0]

T(v) (d lee Gaal

(-2)""!athedz
EU pore ef Srey |

[Re v>-1; Re p,Re z>0]

Sy AN tee .

mre Pars es ee
— COS pz si(p2))}

(Re p,Re z>0]

(S10 m+n
ind sad)" (3/2 1
Siva] =

“an(t-cvo
nt2" iT dp m “ {: [eospe(3 -

[Re p,Re z>0]}

 THE POWER AND ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 21

m-1/2 m+n_3/2 3m n
x G2 NN) I d d 2) |pe.
6. Ceoeec ye 4(2n-1)!! eas {ve|77,.[ 4 t

2 (pz
tial 5\]}
{Re p,Re z>0]

mt

ale vd Pa [sin[o:-"5] ci(pz) — cos [p25] si(pa)| t

[m/ 2]
+t on 1-p72)*"
Pp k=1
[Re p,Re z>0]

8. lh Nes
Reith ae rare:
(any ew
lr(=v)p"

Fagard Rayte! A(l,-p), iin)

aml p Te Zz A(k,0)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<z])

v+1/2
9. (a?-x?)* orev)
(28) 7260) ~ Ly 1/260)
[Re v>-1; a>0]

p+2v+]
10. x!(a’-x")” a —B| sa

(Re p,Re v>-1; a>0]

-1/2 (-1) "vn d" ap ap

a aia pT. YP Ki p4(—3) [A1val- 2} *

4 2=1/2 a
xX (a -x'), +1444(2)]}
[a>0]
22 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

12. x" (a-x

Why (vel uae ;
Lt? x
abe On ee ish conan

fag 1! A(l,-p), A(k,v+1)

xKGe Sarraary
k+l,k
a p |Atk,0)

[Re p,Re v>-1;_a>0]

/2
T(v+l1) (2a vi
13. (ap)
Vn Ee
p K isa

[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

14. Fle” Ei(-ap-bp) —e “PEi(ap—bp)]

[O0<a<b; Re p>0]

15.

a ai” KS 2 » in
ae ] 9) B[v+1-v- -1}tao

Sot CD PGut2v 1) bw
pps ss preyed Clee ae”

(Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

v+3/2 n
ah ee ae: -v-1/2 K .3/2(4P)]
2Vx dp"
{Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

Bbw’ BY2 2ealea 2 f(a

¥V2n dp “4? i [#5]“Ki74(“5| |}

[a,Re p>0]

Pp ap a
a|In Ky B\K/4(25|
[a,Re p>0]
 THE POWER AND ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 23

HM, 2) PEND [z= 2 fap

19. x (ea ey) sd 5)

[a,Re p>0]

20, alta) Sea)

alee
v,p+l/2

(20) pa
ee 1! ACU =p), Atkyv+1)
PS Nar
Ew aE NCE)

[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0}

v = 2am,
x veils) SSV We Ge jal
ae 272-32 eat Lae pay 4 )+

ae2 Pe -a
oes (ce?
— @ “cos vn)

[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

on alts 1 eae Pop

ee [ip Cee ap) se Eicap)| ate
7 2
x -a
{m/2]
l 2k-2
jose car y (m-2k)! (ap)
D k=]

[a,Re p>0]

m aak 3 ay ap
23. ———. Se [e PRi(ap)
— (-1)""e“PEi(-ap)+
x -a

+ 2 sin [av-"5) ci(ap) — 2 cos [av-"5} sicap)]35

[mn
/ 4]
1
aca), (m-4k)!(ap) 4k-4
p k=]
[a,Re p>0]

ey iy ee -v-1

24. l-ax
TTk > CL any
(207)
eS
ght! aki! A(1,-v) ,A(k,0) , A(k, 1/2)
x 2k+1,2k [!
p A(k,0) ,A(k,1/2)

[Re v>-1; .a,Re p>Q]

24 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

ph Rrperil2 -p-l vn ki kel k

IA, = v
eh - U2
ee sec G,’
k+1,2k
ax
eax (ny ey 2 ~ 2k+

! Osh, set
x am7 :
p |Atk,0) ,ACk,(1-v)/2)
[Re u>-1; Re v<1l; a@,Re p>0]

2.1.5. Functions containing ¥x+z

1. <a a erfc*(¥pz)
(x+2z)Vx+z 2vz
[Re p>0; |arg z|<n]

2 2
Ze
(V¥xt+z-vz)
ray ie
nf{d
5 dp
[pz erfc(V pz)

{Re p>0; |arg z|<x]

s = meer
1 “1/2,
(x+w)
-1/2 + Re
——..——
ee erfic(pw) erfc(pz)
WZ

gs Beye [Re p>0; |arg w],|arg z|<n]

{a eu [2 ro+ve 2pzPED 2 (/2pz)

(x+2z) ¥x+z . eve
[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<nx]

v/2 /
5. ((Vx+z+Vx)*- RATELY
p v/2| 2

= (Vx+z-Vx)"] {Re p>0; |arg z|<x]

6. yal ( AY . T(v+l1) pr/2p Vips

Vere Vee ee 2 DTR Cyst T2© ~y-(%2 Pz)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<x]

Vere+V¥z]" 1/4 pz/2

i: ge Vaz Ki(25)
[Re p>0; |arg z|<n]
 THE POWER AND ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 25

2.1.6. Functions containing a Meer te for 1+k

De Vv

1. (xtdx 2422 i za SUV Ze [J_(pz) — J_,(pz)]

p psinvn
[Re p,Re z>0]

Vv
Iz
sinvn [_,(p2) - J_(p2)]
[Re p,Re z>0)

(5}bere iz-2v)/4 (25) a

AY (ia wld A ~ Jew /4(*3].

XY ua /4Gl
[Re p,Re z>0]

v
-2r,2r-1/2 p+i/2
4.
x" eee Le (CRW amen x
(ieee ee) Van t2ny** Fe T2 per.

A(l,-p) ’
yeGk Bat! :: l :
{r-0 or 1/2]
2k+1, 2k l
p Atk, (v¥v)/2),
Atk, (v+1)/2), ae oe
Atk, (v+v)/2)
[Re p>-1-(1¥1)//(2k); Re p>0; |arg z|<n]

5. —————;
x"
x
(ENP Doe-2r,2r-1/2ppri/2
ok = x
Gis i

ak kel [2 "0! A(l,-p),

x(fi+zx! x ree ‘ XG
2k+1, 2k 1
p A(k,0),
[r-0 or 1/2] A(k,l-rtv/2), Ack, al

A(k,1/2)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<x]
 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2va”~
6. 6(x-a) [(x+4 ends lee K (ap)

[a,Re p>0]

2a K . (ap)

{a,Re p>0]

§ [22 aP | K. ap
g eat Aa | 5)

[a,Re p>0)

yin 2r cag 2rd epntil2

Qayis! Pate a

2k, 1 ! a (/5 =O)

x [(+4 leax" ‘ Dee
X Gore] p
1 A(k,0), Atk,v)
A(k, (v+1)/2), anid
a(t hia) |
{r=0 or 1/2] [Re(lv+kp)>-k; Re w>-1; a>0]

nega 2 tee
10. ae ibe x
(Qn i?
~ 1 pee
x

< |(eee le ples Delano iasgh

XG wm) p OT |Ak,0), Atk,1/2)

A(k,1-r-v/2), a
Ze? ( apaies

ees j2.Re p>0)

[r-0 or 1/2]
 THE POWER AND ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 27

2.1.7. Functions of [x]

—— 1a l-e
D
"4 (e A-P“, S, a)
({x]+a) *
[Re p>0]

p
aa te e- = (2, -p
“pe Li (e )
({x]+1)”
[Re p>0]

cael ER Ppa
_— p -_

P)
[x]+l
[Re p>0]

-p/2
1
sinh £ fete — ee
2[(x]+1 p 2 pees?

[Re p>0]

PEy yD -p/2
? sinh ) arctan e

[Re p>0]

eo) -p/l4 =
gpl4 ens
1 7" (inUne FATT Ape Gion € sia
P lea?! 4
(Re p>0]

e3P/4 1 IP
e ia Ife -p/l4 => actinic oS p/4
4[x]+3 NG lee
[Re p>0]

_ mH J

ai exp(e i)
leale!

ie weit ol 4, cosh, xt eh,

l-e
(2[x])! p cos

(+1)1 2... p fsinh,-p/2

2 sinn {$30 (e r}
MP ixlti)!
28 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

1 [=eme
Zp feosh (er + cos(e
—p/4
)]
ll. aTx])!
ela anes
(le [x] cosh (# Jos
eres Pe v2 v2

p
1 p/4 Le [sinh(e
—p/4
) + sin(e
—p/4
)]
13. TaTxj+D!

eae beet.
14. TaTxI+1)!
&

Olin) =e = =
15. ails ip oe e) T(n,e P)

{x] 1
16. >
eR
Oy k+l
= *Inte”)
k
[Re p>0}

2.2. THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

Dp 43be exp(-ax"/%) and the power function

1
pta
(Re(p+a)>0]

T(v+1)
(pta ) v+l

[Re v>-1; Re(pt+a)>0]

3. 6(b-x)xe Re Er yy(v+1, ab+bp)

[Re v>-1; 5>0)

 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 29

1
. O(x-b)x"e ae ee T'(v+1, ab+bp)

[b,Re(p+a)>0)

ads ea) ene]

2
5 exp(-ax’) 7 |— exp| 4s] erfc

[Re a>0]

Cet s73 Fa) 2 [Ae

2
b xexp(—ax’) oe
(Qa wd
a
2
exp.
8a
JON as
seat My Ie

[Re v>-1; Re a>0]

i x"exp(—ax’)
PE
st

[Re a>0]
exp
fol)2
erfc

5 2s exp(—ax’) mea exp( Fa

3)ete(—2-}]
aa [ ple Va.

[Re a>0]

1{p tee De pa
Hb exp [$5][«sra(Ba] -Kia(Ea}]
[Re a>0]

10. 1Wa eyPl Pele Ae.

ga}*i/4| 8a

[Re a>0]

11. 6(x-b)exp(-ax’) Bete ab a}

aleexo(4

[b,Re a>0]

}
2
T(v+1) Diao) 2ab+p
12. (x-b) Yexp( -ax’) Paani tee exp [Fa prabry)|D_,_,[ ¥2a
[Re v>-1; b,Re a>0)

3
13. exp(-ax”) 2
3 Tha sual? 27a
[Re a>0]
30 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

ii. (V1) yeWen/3> ee (veka T 29 eitpi

14. xexp(—ax>)
are ee nah a
era) yee oc) Art ae
Hest ie Wile 4 oe ni

oe Lae ig
6 (32) Jae Bele? e(Seape
caesaee
r oa
(Re v>-1; Re a>0]

15. exp(-avVx) le ™ exo($5)ere ]

p 2) 3 de Vp
(Re p>0]

2
16. x’exp(—aVx) 20 (v+2)
SE Sm AT O40
E Do. a
||
)
(tay ae Pap
[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

Al
2
(n-1)/2
UTX exp(-avx) (-1) |e a = [exe($5
5)ert
Pda” 2
(Re p>0]

18. x eexp(-a¥x) mae +4—

“22 Fe e(t5
syete(—4
2p? 2Vp
{Re p>0}

19. jiexp(—avVx)
4\p) “*P\8p) |*3/4| 8p 1/4(8p
[Re p>0]

20.
Felten
[Re p>0]

21. ES Se OR is2 a”2

(spy ot esl a)Kval80)
[Re p>0]
 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 31

1/2,v+1/2_ -v-1 k,1)AC,-v)

22. x*exp(-ax") oom (k+l) 72-1 Gi, oe I
(20) kept ACK-0)
[Re v>-1; Re p>O for ‘kk, Re a>O for l>k,

Re(pt+a)>0 for /=k]

pg Ns exp(-ax and the power function

nei a (v+1)/2
l. xe 2($] K.,,(2¥ap)

[Re a,Re p>0)

n
2. xt l/2-alx ees d ape *F,)

dp
[Re a,Re p>0]

-n-1/2 -a/x n[{nd" -2vap

ge X e (-1) et

{Re a,Re p>0)

4. xl/2e-alx apex A rapye2¥ 2?

Dp
(Re a,Re p>0]

-3/2_-a/x 0 -2v ap
S35 x e JEe

[Re a,Re p>0]

2
| id
Ay -| l-

6. x"exp(-a/x’) pl Po+DgF,[- oo pa

(v+1)/2 2
a v+1 JU wees)
2 vay)
= r{- FAG: a |

[Re a,Re p>0)

32 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2
7. x exp(—a/V¥x) p 'Tw+lF, (3.aye 24) *
2
-v-1/2 1 Op OE
— ap r[v+3] oF vA apr | }+

+2a*r(-2-2)
a AAA)Ff, [S4y,
BIG 24y;-ae22
|
[Re a,Re p>0]

~ -I/k NLR pores) Sam

Bh Seoqees k l
*) (ke Dye - 10
(2x)

Spee A(l,-v), 4)
XGiito ap:
k_1

[Re a,Re p>0]

IIPABY. exp(-ax*/*y and algebraic functions

I OE 20 (v+1) Ce Ly / E:
. Ve CEI i ew a
x (2p)
xD. (Bee
Vv2p
[Re v>-1; 5,Re p>d!

2: =
6 (b-x) -a/x lf{a | 2Vap a
e 22 [e ert¥Bp+]$ |-

-e? “Pert ¥bp-[¢ 27°? +e 4

[6,Re a>0]

2 eb 6(x-b) -a/x
Af [oF Ffotr-
lf [ 2vap a

or “Pert([$-¥bp) -e” Oe ere ma

[b,Re p>0] .

etx * /
4, ——____ adh QPF PRSie Givpz
Vx (x+z) , vz ll? je
[Re a,Re p>0; |arg z|<n]
 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 33

2.2.4. Functions of the form f(x, e”, eet early

ey”4)
lis (LSS 1+ pie v1]
B(2,

[Re v>-1; Re a,Re p>0}

2. x"(1l-e
v
)
-ax,m
OEM v(m
Nd toon(Sa)
maneE rare
k=0 (pt+ak)
[Re v>--1; Re a,Re p>0)

noon
Si xtc)" ted OL ey" a v+1]
a aaa
dp
[Re v>-n-1; Re a,Re p>0]

4.-x(-e ~aXxyv©.) 1 pfe

185041] P
[v[B+vet] esl »(2}]

[Re v>-2; Re a,Re p>0]

Vv
x (Veta) Pp
5. Ter 2* See ¢(v+1, 2}

[Re v,Re a,Re p>0]

ears, keane
n n+l
x 2 1hI (n) {p

(Re a,Re p>0; n=1,2,...]

Gei Civ+l al v4, oa — | v+l, p+a

Ie]
‘Poesy epeeek 2a 2a

[Re v>-1; Re a,Re p>0]

yee ted 3” Pp
8. Teenee wea a

[Re a,Re p>0)

9 1 Ab P - 1B 2
BS
(is a x 2 a a a

(Re a,Re p>0]

34 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

-bp -ab
e o(-£ hi
10. az z a

[b.Re a,Re p>0; |arg z|<n)

11. Fuel) ofl, v+1,2|

vtl
a Z

[Re v>-1; Re a,Re p>0; z¢[0,1]}]

- 1 ml
12. + In P(p) + =) Inptpt qin(2n)

[Re p>0]

13. p(p+b) — In(p+a)

[Re(p+a) ,Re(p+b)>0)

14, x1 pt+b
In pta

[Re p>-Re a,-Re }]

iss SS 2Vn(Vp+b-vVp+a)

{Re p>-Re a,-Re }]

16. (p+2a) In (p+2a) + (p+26) In (p+2b) —

— 2(p+a+b)In(p+at+b)

[Re p>-2Re a,-2Re b}

1 -ax in (29) (pt 5)

17. lice )x
p(pt+at+b)
xa Sees) [Re p>0,-Re a,-Re b,-Re(a+d)}

~ax.m Cy ) co'(a) S co’(") 52

18. (ie yy se
k=0 k j=0 ]
—bx.n
x (1 —e ) x In [p+ (m—-j)a+(n-k)6]

[Re p>0,-mRe a,-nRe b,-Re(matnb)}

 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 35

19. 1 p \In p-(p+a)|n(p+a) —(p+6)In(p+b)+

+(p+a+b)|In(p+a+b)
[Re p>0,-Re a,-Re b,-Re(a+b)]

n mt a
toa -~e™) m x
20. » co*(7) 2 c1y(") [p+ (m-j)a+(n—-k)b]x
x k=0 j=0 )
~bx.n
x(d-e -) xX In[p+ (m-j)at+(n-k)6]
[Re p>0,-Re a,-—nRe b,-Re(ma+nb)]

tf el A

(NOE
(CAEL! odin AWS 7g 1) hen
nN
a. 4 m dp" Sa no [pra,+a, +.
x
nl
n-1
x (1 ~exp(—ax)] +a, | In [aja tata |
Lin Peds i,

[o<m<n Re p>0,Re p>-Re [-eo Tyee, :

j
iy Fe k
the notation means that the kth member of the

sum contains i terms which differ by the subsets

of indices is i,Seen i, from the set j=1,2,...,7

22. Iho (222) — » (ete

Cc c ¢c

[Re c>0; Re p>-Re a,-Re 6]

(pta)/(2c), (pt+b+c)/ (2c)

23. InT
x
(p+b)/(2c), (p+at+c)/ (2c)

[Re c>0; Re p>-Re a,-Re 6]

24.
“eleaalt
1/,,(pt@
Sacelatle| <8[erated
p+b)_,(p)_

[Re c>0; Re p>0,-Re a,-Re 6,-Re(a+b)]}

plc, (ptatb)/c
InT
(pta)/c, (ptb)/c
[Re c>0; Re p>0,-Re a,-Re b,-Re(a+b)]
36 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

n
yep har(2 + na _ ka}
26.
k=0

(Re c>0; Re p>0,-nRe a]

27. ba [2.1—v)1- Fy Hl. .-am wsne PRET

i
Ipi2 p-vtls wo)
[Re v<l; Re a>0; |arg(l—u)|,|arg(1—-v)
|<m]

28.
B(utl, p/a) | ee 2 Ml
v oF a’?™? qthtl; zy
az -
[Re p>-1; Rea>O; |arg(l+z )|<m]

Vv po
29. (k/z) é rex
v

x Gk ke! rigs
A(l,1-p), i,
A(k,0) , A(l,-—p-v)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<m]

30. klay Fr f?]x

v k-1 v
(20)

kee | A(l,-p) , Ak, ual

iol:
A(k,0) ,A(1,-p-v)
[Re »>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<m]

x p pet eee
31. (i-e ~)
l /k j k+1-2 x
[z+(e*-1) (20) z*T(v) P(pt+ptl)

k+l,k+l} —k
A(,1-p), al
xG k+1,k+l
A(l,u+1), A(k,0)
(Re p>-i; Re p>0; |arg z|<m]

32. P (pt) wk ok,k+l -k A(l,1-p),

peas 2k+ 1,2k+1
A(k,0),
A(k,0), A(k,1/2) |
A(k,1/2), A(l,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; a,Re p>0]
 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 37

Lae Ke = A(l,-p),
33, lac
fh evs ee roe
2k+1,2k+l
lat
aie A(k,0),

A(k,0), ACk,1/2)

A(k,1/2), A(l,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; a@,Re p>0]

34, joel Oot 2 ae UF 6 9 eee roe a

a=€er A) © / (20) )~ ar(ptpt1) 2k+1l,2K+1

A(l,1-p), A(k,0), ee
A(i,u+1), A(k,0), A(k,1/2)
[Re p>-1; a,Re p>0)

Beats ,
5 ae ly —Le” thle)
cos (vn/2)
p[wt] x

A(1,1—-p),
ky k+l -k
x Gore 1,2k+l f
A(k,0) ,

Atk, lv), Atk, (1-v)/2)

A(k,(1-v)/2), ACL,-p-p))

[Re p>-1; Re v<l; a,Re p>0]

as he n(k/a)~ r[e]x
LP-cos(vn/2)

x Gi‘k+l [."A(d,-p),
2k+ 1 ,2k+l A(k,0),

A(k,l-v), Atk, (l1-v)/2)

A(k,(1-v)/2), A(l,-p-p)

[Re p>-1; Re v<l; a@,Re p>v)

38 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

qa Roa?
esi
secnh2) x
2(2n) Pv) P(pt+ptt)

INU M=o)-
Gt"! k+l -k
X Gokel, 2kel A(,p+)),

A(k,l-v), Ak, (A-v)/2)

A(k,0), A(k, (1-v)/2)

[Re p>-1; Re v<l; a@,Re p>0}

SOUUGR al y
Vv

38. Gime" ax a)
k kane

-lx/k.v kyl 1
A(,1-p), Hie
xX (a-e )+ xG k+l,k+1 ;
a |A(k,0) , A(1,-p-p)

[Re p>0; Re v>-1 for O<a<i, Re w>-1 for

a>l, Re(u+v)>-1 for a=1)

a Eee b ata
v

39. (l-e *)"«

-x.l/k,v kyl 1
A(dl,-p), A(k,v+l1) |
a= =e) xXxG rn
+ k+1,k+l
a |A(k,0), A(l,—p-p)

[Re p>-1; Re p>O for a>l, Rev>-1 for

O<a<1, Re(p+v)>0 for a=1]

40. (l-e
2yDex Gaal
v,nt+D r| v+l1 |x
(ame ee utpt+l

_ Xtal ANE fy Ad,l-p), A(k,v+1)

SER sh. ee
A(i,u+1), A(k,0)

[Re v>-1; a@,Re p>0]

 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

41. (l-e *)*x (2)P (n+l) (v4+1) %

hae
-lx/k v 0, k+l ie Ad, l=p), A(k,v+l)

ee eee XG). k+l

A(k,0) , A(Z,-p-p)

[Re p,Re v>-1; O0<a<1]

42. (1-e *)*x (¢)POISE ps

1?

Sle 5 acy 0, k+l ie NCU AU) ame GK paves)

CMe sal) OE ver A(k,0), ACL, -p-p)
[Re v>-1; 9<a<1l; Re p>0]

v,pt+p
43. (l-e - *)"x a
(Qn)
1
! Pee:
v+1
ae |p+pt+l ]x

et oe ret (1 A(,1-p), A(k,v+1)

(e-bay, XGuy a
A(,u+1), A(k,0)

(Re p,Re v>-1; a>0]}

44. (1-e : *)*x 72 Cen / 2 PEP

Seer
Cay a1/2
WF Lane
,u+t at/2
wePAT
Gel)

Vv

yidieze 17 +1] yeGk tke! |ok A(l,1-p),

Clive oe r 2k+1, 2k+/ Atk, (v¥v)/2),

([r-0 or 1/2] A(k, (1+v)/2), Atk, 1-2r+v/2)

Atk, (vtv)/2), A(l,-p-p)

[Re p>-1; 2kRe p>-(1¥1)/; |arg z|<x]

40 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

VD (ELD) ep) e
45. (en x k= 2 2
(22) i

Vv

Udez ine *) 1" +} k,2k+1 k Aoi) ’

rel keer XG ake! : A(k, (v¥v)/2),

[l+z(l-e ~) ]

(r=0 or 1/2] Atk, (1+v)/2), ins

Atk, (vtv)/2), A(l,-p-p)

[2kRe p>-(1¥1)/-2k, Re p>0; |arg z|<x]

V2 Gey) 2) PGs)
(any Ro F/B ypwe ly l 2-23

Pasi Nf AN Wi sil=fD).
XG) kel c
A(k,0) ,
Atk,l-rtv/2), A(k,1-r¥v/2)

A(k,1/2), Ad,-p-p)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<z]

[IED eel)
x u

Fen ca all Mien Sie et

[l+z(l-e ~) ]

kizkel | ok NCE |),

NcAe
eee punts X Gop) 24! c
A(k,0),
seGize ye: A(k,1-r+v/2), pera
[r=0 or w/e) A(k,1/2), Ad,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg z|<z]

a ati nviDp 22h, Eten

2p+v+1-2r
x [[rdi-e-*)"- [Re p,Re(p+v)>0]

aerial
te heer) |
[r-0 or 1/2)
 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 4]

49. dae alii l+e *+ v+2p+2r-2,, a Be

p+v/2+1-2r
itce Ve [Re p,Re(p+v)>0]

esid eae eae

[r=-0 or 1/2]

QP rep (221) 2PHB-D/4 7

x ea
1/2-v

[Re p>0]
aS
OE atin Stage

DA) me | x
v

1=p, sits
Gas Gq
{ OWsaP
[Re p, Re(pt+v)>0; O<a<1 or a>l, Re p>-1]J

{r=0 or 1/2]

2. v/2-r
-lx/k.-r 2 ¥nk v/2-r
52, Gee
)' a=e'). + x Cae
v 1

Sl (Faxda mTR) is x Gk!

2k+1,2k+1
we A(l,1—p),
A(k,0) ,

A(k, (1+v) /2), A(k,1-2r+v/2)

OM Valse)

Atk,V) » ACL, =p=py

[r-0 or 1/2),
[Re p,Re(kptlv)>0;, 0<a<1 or a=l,

Re p>2r-3/2 or a>l, Re p>-1]

42 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

53.(1-e *)"x

x Pe ees ox 2k, -k
x ae A(k,0),

Atk, (1+v) /2), A(k,1-2r+v/2)

< varlaecincmt
yee
INCE). NY)
eeiyel
ee (Re p>-1; Re(kptiv)>-k,; O<a<1 or

eeat
leer ee a=1, Re p>2r-1/2 or a>l, Re p>0]

[r=-0 or 1/2]

2.2.5. Functions containing exp (—cl x +5 a

1/2
Notation: ued? (5a4 2) ,

: =aelpe prea
+

ae ue
- exp(—b eet) P as i
Sie
[ex,,| 2 |x, 2 ]
rer
(Re a,Re b,Re(p+b)>0}

1/2
yuT2 1 exp(-ad b?-p”) erfew_)-
fee

= i. exp (af b*-p 2)erfotu,)}

+
(Re a,Re b,Re(p+b)>0)

3. exp(-b1 x40") x
— eerfc(u erfc(u_)
x
2
Hay Vv2a
1
x [Re a,Re b,Re(p+b)>0]
(ale cane Hh ff2
 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 43

ie ee ee
PSeciisa CA ae 1
[2 r{>~»] Dj y(V2u)D,_,
(V72u)
ty Sac

x exp( <b x a 2) [Re v<1/2; Re.a,Re b,Re(p+b)>0]

Sy (eeay ; 1? x b zal
2 b
Ss v z exp(-al p? 252) erfcw_)—

x exp(- x? 4") 1 exp (ol p?=0Jenew,)

+

[a,Re b,Re(p+b)>0]

2 2
2 2-3/4 (2 ae u
oa a) ex Be | 2 \x,,| 2 |

x exp (-s x ges a z) {a,Re b,Re(p+b)>0]

-1/2
(x-a) , It ap
LD remem
sear 75 —— e erfc(v, erfc(v_)
a

exp |= Peal [a,Re b,Re(p+b)>0)

zh 2v+3

8.ae (xtay"(x’-a?)
he ara ee
* x 2s
GP
D.v-1/2 070,
ives ff)
47,020)=
scetp|_-t4 me) \ [Re v<1/2; Re a,Re b,Re(p+b)>0]

v/2
= p 24 2
9. Gag, x 2a | 4 K (al p -b }
p-b

x [eke [a>0; Re p>0|Re b|)

Mert t=? |*

i aa.

exp <b x72) |

2.2.6. Functions containing exp(f(x))

1. exp(—ae”) a’T'(-p, a)
[Re a>0]
 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2. exp(-ae*) a ’y(p, a)
[Re p>0]

. (l-e *)exp(—ae”) Pewee? P/,42y

(a)
ay

x Pare: (p+1)/2,-p/2
[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

. (l-e *)’exp(-ae*) B(p,v+1) F, (p;p+v+1; —a)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

Bip,vt lz "®, [Pwr ia ia)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0, Jarg(l+z")|<m]

Costly ke ote
Sed ~e *)"exp(-ae*") x
(ln) tere

Ad,1-p), ie
xG balk
a A(T) —p =v)
[Re v>-1; Re a>0]

. d-e *)’x a =) 9/82 x

(22) Ck

kyl yf A(1,1-p)
X exp( <gers
“Sino PTE
‘ k A(k,0) ’ A(l,—p-v)

{Re v>-1; Re p>0]

1/2,-p
. (l-e*)*x (p)k l x
(2n) CK aD

—x, l/k k |A(l,-v)

<exp[—a(l—e")) J
XG cee ona
: kK} Ak,0), Ad,—p—v)
[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

(lene) r( Wee Lae

(Quy eee

x exp[-a(l-e *) Rule _ 70, k+l) k k|AW@-v),

’ ? AD’
a |
A(l,—p-v)
[Re a,Re p>0]
 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 45

» 1/2,ptv

10. (1-e "x (20)

Gee I (p+v+l
~)
k1AC,1-p), A(k,1)
x exp[-a(e*—1) OE A
“ta |A@,v+1)
[Re v>-1; Re a>0]

1/2,pt+v

(21) I (pt+v+l1)

x exp[—a(e*-1) oe RG £-
. k- |Ad,v+1), A(k,0)
[Re a,Re p>0]

12. : (1-e*)"exp|EXE - eee Pipya”

P ew -p-v/2,(1+v)/2 (a)
[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

2.2.7. Functions of [x]

-_ ToL - -

1. a re (t-ae?)"

[Re p>In|a|]
Se LY 8
2. a“ en—x) ize l-ae—
B l-ae

se ny
3 [xja"*! L ; ae ’(1-ae ”) <

[Re p>In|a|]}

[x] Spl i
A ae l-€ o(ae P 's,b)
({x]+)°
[Re p>in|a|; |arg 5|<z)

5,
be
—4£—_—. §(n-x)
l-e ?
————-[M(ae
-p “,s,b)-ah-ay
e “(ae
(na-P “,s,n+b)]
([x]+5)° P
ex} Lda =
6. —_4+—__ £1 Lita P)
([x]+1)
[Re p>In|a|]
46 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

ieeu
Indl -ae”)

[Re p>inja|]

“2 ie eS m=1 k mys
en? & nt
inc -ae P) - Lae e€ 4
[x]+m k
[Re p>In|a|]

az lk) -p/2
9, ———___ a) sinh 8 in +42 —__
ap 2) lop eee 2
2(xi+1
[Re p>2In|a|]

i | :
/2
10. ACsl) AE qe! 2. sinh 5 arctan(ae °’“)
ap
2 (x) +1
{Re p>2In|a|]

Ae]
pisdieee:. if rae Gy
ie 2 +2 arctan?)
4ap -p/4
4[x]+1
[Re p>4In|a]]

4[x] ‘ 3 = -p/4
: SYN ten
Za In itae —___4 arctan(ae
"|
4[x]+3
{Re p>4In|a|]

tx] m= /P. =
a
13. ean: oes nae ey
[|arg a|<n]

fea] eee = 7
14, Txpee
Tra tyTpexPlae Pn, ae?)
Lexa) Dp
a Cia = Pe
arg CEA OT ap [exp(ae “) - 1]
[larg a|<n]

[x]
16. (ET)
(ZIxp)t 2 2[x] =e" {cosh -p/2
D bee (ae )

[larg a|<x]}

xa
id
eye)
(== 0 2, dp (sink, =pi2
a C2ir eink ap ae 2 1a =< }

[|arg a|<n]
 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 47

mesa
18.
B _ -

(4[x])! l [cosh(ae play + cos(ae pA,

[arg a|<x}

(x ] Pe sah
19. (St) 4[x]
(4 fee” Ine cosh 7 eth) cos [+ oy]
P Ua Spid
[larg a|<z]

ae!
Pak |- A =p © —p
20. tae Sa ) + sin(ae “)]
(4[x]+1)!
[|arg a|<zx)

(-1)
[x]
4[x] -p
21. eo 1-2 IsinBe | cos = | +
(Atxieiyi” ¥2ap v2 v2

+ cosh (-£| sin (2 "||

v2 v2
{larg a|<n]

qisn)
1
22. sinh P fcosh(ae ”’*) — cos ae ?'4y)
(4[x]+2)! a
2

[larg a|<zx]

tex)
(1b) 4[x] 2
23. sinh §
7 sinh {2 e a sin(—2 an]
CATH eR a’ p
2
v2 v0
[|arg a|<x]

“ene
4[x Bes te z,
24. Pls ee sinh ie 4 pipe sin(ae?’*)]
(4[x]+3)! Zighsp
[|arg a|<x]

(-1)
[x]
4[x] —se 4 -
25. ert eo [sinie e? ) cosh [4 f ‘"=
©WESE hee Y2a° p v2 v2

— cos & e | sinh (Ze

oy]

{larg a|<x]

(ety le -p .
26. e. ine _ y(v, ae Py
(erttteteey# ap
[|arg a|<x]
48 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

27.
(1p
§21 Qt) +
lees
ap [C
ee
+ Ina — p ~ Ei(tae
ee
“)]
Qes Ee Dy aliens)
{larg a|<zx]

qgi*!
28.
[x] ! ([x]+n)

Kou.
x(t - exp(ae ”) DSpee et)
(larg a|<x]

[exo qzi*)
icy
29. au sinh erfi (a6
ROAEIES® ap 2 \erf
{larg a|<z]

(£10 ee
A We -p/2 erfi(, ~p/2, -
30. | mae orf (2e 5
GEES yee)
a“p
F exp(ta’e?)+ 1
{larg a|<zx]

1) 9213 Da .
31. + 2£
—*5 : [{CF ae
(2x42)! Cl x41)
a” p
[|arg a|<z]

32. (+1) 1%)

(ixleiyt *
qzi*)
{arg a|<n]
XTHx1ED

ee
33: Vn
MH Pl4iy
COTEDP RECT EEI OD 4ap ad > [erf(ae ? EK + erfi(ae °/4 )]

{larg a|<z]

Cae 4[x]
34. n p/4l-e- ~p/2,
PAEVOMT LUGS [Be i C(a’e

{larg a|<n]

ei (ex)
Shy % 3p/4l—-e ° ee
QixsteptT™ Re” a Se of,
a p
qi kel
(larg a|<x]
EBSD
 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 49

36. (41) '*) any 2 A& "(2ae? ues

[x]! ([x]+n) %
ail ce
{larg a|<n]

(+1) (*) “Als eet? J, (dae?!) +1, (2ae?/*)

Sil
WON
Ss aoa 2P \2 ber (dae?! 4)
[|arg a|<x]

(Ca ks a ae | \ i (Qae~?!) J (ae?!)

38. sas sinh 7 ora
“Coane ode a’ p 2 bei (2ae )
[Jarg a|<x]

ree
39.
(2ix])! [x] 1q71 area + |Bae Pleexp [= ’)x

(alse)
{larg a|<x]

5
40. (ry) [x] 1q2l41 2 a sinh exp [egre#] x

{ls}
Qi a1p)s!

[|arg a|<nx]

(2[x])! oid) Hees ae he

_ ply - -

41.
Claisive
(Re p>In(4]a|)]

fe
42.
(2[x]+1)!
2
[1
(1-4ae”)-3/2
Clxc ale)
[Re p>In(4]a|)]

(2[x ytql*) p a
43.
LonuGialaips
hae ii—(i-4ae")
[Re p>In(4]a])]

-p
Qixtria e
Sis ‘-1
F) eid(
-p,1/2
ae“)
Cis) (isla 1)
[Re p>In(4|a])]
50 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

(+1) ! EG eek. lee arcsin -p/2

45.
ap inh Abie io »}
Clecla!s) PPIX a1)
(Re p>2In(2|a|)]

46. Gen) xepet) 5 e?-1 farcsin (poe \

See ! ssoe arcsinh | 2

x 2 [Re p>2In(2/|a|)]

= -p/2
l-e ? _ nae g a_-p/2
47. Del»
p [ 4 H (Je
eae 2 ots)
[larg a|<n]
Chilechoiie

48.
-1)
isnt
{x ]

Chatty: 2[x]
ean)
TONES
EN BUS: [larg a|<x]

49. -phly 2n
ap sinh p 5H es -p/2
2
[all 2[x]
icine 2 [larg a|<zx]

50. 21x) I lee ?

exp(2ae ")I,(2ae ”)
Glxtiye p
{larg a|<n]

yx A Qalecile) =Hy
Se 2
Dp
FeQae?! :
CUPS) ~
x a2) {larg a|<n}

$2. (eTEONE eyts 2 Ne

x ? K(4a
-p/2
)
Chalis
[Re p>2In(4|a|)]}

53. UESLEBLS Y i ea 1 -p/2

K D E(4 )
Che rts=
qzi*)

Su ESET [Re p>2In(4}a|)]

 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

4. n [x] l-e
-p —p.n
5 (eg x D (1+ae *)

x 6(n+1-x)

n.)?-1 el?
55. a x (ae -pn, ler+a
?)"py |£2
[x] p n
e'-a
x 6(n+1-x)

2.3. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

2.3.1. Hyperbolic functions of ax

sinh ax 1 a
—

cosh ax Fiche Dp
[Re p>|Re a|]

mila [n/ 2]
2. sinh ax
. n
oT] te?2k+ 09707)
Pp k=0
E boat Re p>n|Re a]

[(n-1)/2] # 1
3. cosh"ax ee [i]
2 k=0 —(n-2k)

ets
1+(-1)" n
ee Re)

[Re p>n|Re a|]

sinh ax 2 1 2a”
4.
cosh ax p(p?-4a’) p’-2a*
(Re p>2|Re
a|]

5 L i ,(ere
“ coshax a 2a
(Re p>-|Re
a|]

7" cosh7ax
l joe
2 (84) -2 2¢
1
.
[Re p>-2|Re a|]
52 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

sinh ax 1 a ete sinh ab

7. 8(b-x) Memon pews) a
cosh ax Da— Ga) Da a cosh ab

cosh ab
+a
sinh ab
(6>0]

sinh ax sinh ab
2 2 ae +
ss pa=a cosh ab
cosh ax

cosh ab - sinhac
are Pp 4
a (a -e

x>c] sinh ab cosh ac

0 [0<x<b.or

cosh ac
+a
sinh ac

9. sinh ax sinh bx oy: ea pees 2 Fon

[p?-(a+b)
7) [p?-(a-b) 7]
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

2 2 2
10. sini ax cosh bx tb a th)
[DataDy) lip tab) s)
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re b})

11. cosh ax cosh bx aL Peete 8)eee

[p°-(a+b)“] [p°-(a-b)*}
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 6|]

Sinhax 1 .({ptat+b p-a+b

12. Sinhbx 75|¥| 2b el 2b =I
[Re p>|Re a|-|Re b|)

13. tanh
nh ax 85aba
(2 el5
[Re p>0]

14. (cosh ax-1)” 2 3(2=4 2ve1]

a ’

[Re a>0; Re v>-1/2; Re p>Re(va)]

 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 53

15. (cosh x—cosh by, P'(v+1)P(p-v)sinh”b P’? (coth 5)

[-1<Re v<Re p; 6>0]

2.3.2. Hyperbolic functions of ax and the power function

sinh ax
Piya ) lp=a z Gay]
| ee,3
cosh ax
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re al]

2s \X
<3 sinh ax

cosh ax
i eae 2
Daa
2
n+l

{ (n+1-6)/2j {n+] a 2k+5

x Ds 2k+6] F) \?

[re
p>|Re al; {5}

sinh ax 1 2ap
Shy bs
(peat)? ee a
cosh ax
[Re p>|Re
a|]

2 sinh ax 2 a(3p? +a’)

4. x
cosh ax Cp a4) : p(p?+3a’)

[Re p>|Re
a|]

n-1/2{ Sinh ax ane re =] =|"

53 x. 2 n 2 2
cosh ax dp p —a@
[Re p>|Re
a|]

_1/2{Simh ax
x
cosh ax
[Re p>|Re a|]

1k 1 sinh ax 1),
2 In peta
o=a
a
[Re p>|Re a|]
54 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

=fy/7) Tepe pe -a2y!/?

my BS sinh ax
[RE p>|Re
al]

ns sinh ax)n Wer ob. reyes!

9, x a cap ist (Z|x
cosh ax 2 k=0
x [(p-na+2ka)” 'F (ptna—2ka)"7} +
1+(-1)" n
a Na tht rob | inf]

[Re v>-1-(1+1)n/2; Re p>n|Re al)

m! n {n oe
me. n
x sinh ax
? m+
DS PSO (p-nat+2ka)
[Re p>n|Re
a]

Foe)-2n
n=1

ah
k-1{2n
k

x In [p?-4(n-k) a7] = Fl aleaae

2
[Re p>2n|Re
a|]

n
ret -2n-] k(2n+1)
=x S sinh ax 2 (-1) ( x
me k J

Dar (a=
94 ete) ))Gi
so a aay HS Dw
[Re p>(2n+1)|Re a|]

-4in(i 423)
l 4a
p
2

[Re p>2|Re a|]

2
@arccoth = ie
p 4 p 2
(Re p>2|Re a|]

a) arccoth 4 + 1 arccoth 3a
p 4 p
[Re p>3|Re a}]}
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 55

16. 1 sinh?ax aye arccoth 3a + 3p arccoth 4 -

4 4 p

2
p -a
[Re p>3|Re
a]

v
x
as
sinhax
GSB
v
SE vets
wea

[Re v>0; Re p>-|Re a|]

18.
x
coshax
v

FOL ffoontis) -e(oone24]

[(v+1) ar@t\) +3a

[Re v>-1; Re p>-|Re a|]

-v-]1
Vv
19. x tanh ax CS
Ssearrorh|[s[v+1 ga
4a]ee eve, pta
za\|

[Re v>-2; Re p>0]

20. eee
4a
in D2
4a
| 2 ine ee
4a
[Re p>0)

-v-1 a 1
21. x coth ax Tv+l) E2” ¢(v+1. 85] at

[Re v,Re p>0]

a sinh ax
22. 6(b-x)x Fltp-ay yw, bp-ab) ¥
cosh ax
F (pta)
” 'y(v+l, bp+ab)]
[Re v>-(1+1)/2; 6>0]

23. 6(b-x)
x
sinh ax yin BES + 5 Bi(-bp+ab) - i5)Ei(—bp-ab)
[b>0}
Ne sinh ax
24. Flip-ay el, bp-ab) ¥
cosh ax
¥ (pta)” 'T(v+l, bp+ab)
[Re p>|Re a|; 5>0)
56 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

Mesa sinh ax
25. fel Ei(-bp+ab) + 4 Ei(-bp-ab)
2
= cosh ax
(Re p>|Re al; 5>0)

McComas 1 a’
26. x in{1-25}
x 2 ne

[Re p>|Re a|]

l-coshax = ea a, pra
27
2 pin p 7 IN =a
a5

(Re p>|Re
a|]}

ax-sinhax a oe Py, Pa
28. 2
ine
x 2)

[Re p>|Re
a|]

| ae eK a
ax-sinhax
29. 2 [er in[t-$5} «Pe in B*2 — ap]
2
x

[Re p>|Re
a|]

ib 2»?
30. coshax-coshbx
x Jia sppea
(Re p>|Re a|,|Re 5|)

2 2
coshax-coshdbx HOnpoy ni is paby Nant pa
31.
2 pie 2 2 eb” 2 bee
x

{Re p>|Re a|,|Re 5]

32. sinhax-axcoshax A pi de td Jee

x 2 D=a 2?
Pa

[Re p>|Re
a|]

Sinhax-axcoshax
33: a =f jyypete
2 2° p-a
x

[Re p>|Re
a}]
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 57

sSinhax-axcoshax il 7 Zak PHS

3
aK @ yin =a 2ap|
x

[Re p>|Re
a]
2 2
sinhax-2axcoshax B jn B44
35.
2
x p
[Re p>|Re
a|}

36. ey
x
list «
xcoshax 2inr(2434) -2inr(2*2)
4
- nF4a
{a,Re p>0]

1 a Pea Aa pes
37.
x sinhax | a Ino
(a,Re p>0)

38. L —acoth ax

2
39. 2 ee:
2
6
F
a
2
x sinh ax
[a,Re p>0]

40.
sinhaxsinhdbx 1 Igo fa-)”
x 4 tos i) 2
Dima (Cat0))
(Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

ee Dig, 2
sinhaxsinhbx
41. 4 jy (PO) ~a- , Big (pray db ,
2
x Cp-h ya (p-a) *-5"
2 2
+f in? —(at+b)
poe
Ca by -
(Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

sinhaxcoshbx 1, (pt+a)~-b
42. 4h MIPS)
x
(p-a) -6b

3 2
sinh ax
43.
xcosh(2ax)
{a,Re p>0]
58 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2.3.3. Hyperbolic functions of ax s for Zk and algebraic functions

a oe (45)
a\nx a
1. sinh aVvx

[Re p>0]

2. cosh aVvx an + ae exp fa ne }]

P 24p 4p Wn
[Re p>0]

» sinhavx
me2
2 =
SK 3%
2} exp ($5|Pear . B
cosh avx (2p) 2Vvp
=D -2v-2
CS 2Vp

[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>0]

4. x"sinh aV¥x (C1) var en ae ia

pe Le Saas |e

[Re p>0]

PES Ip

(Re p>0}

2 [Sem
25[5+$5+ "ae(3+ 3a pce )x

eee)
4p - ee)
2

2¥p.
{Re p>0]

7. x sinh aVx Yna (6p+a*sexp (47)

Pre 4p

[Re p>0]

8. x cosh aVvx 1[i+ + gf ex0(22)et a )]

2 4 yrs

[Re p>0]
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 59

9 1/2¥ a 22 “ie Tt at a
. x “sinh av¥x 5 gees 5 exp} Z| ert
2p Pp p 2vp.

[Re p>0]

2 2
10. x! cosh aVx 2p ia Foal
» 4p

[Re p>0]

1/4 sinhavx Kika 3/2 a2 ac

11. Se se Gs.
‘ fatiin® lb exo $5]Bawa
2
eeiell
[Re p>0}

12 bal seinhiav x FFexo (45)ex( a

Pp 4p
[Re p>0}

2
-1/2 EL ame
13. x ‘“coshavx JFexe($5}

[Re p>0]

aA sinh avx am () (35)

2 we eral nf 5 ex? 8p) +1/4|8p

[Re p>0]

15 1 sinh ax n erfi[
x 2vp

[Re p>0]

-2/3 sinh a 3 ni/2 3ni/2, _

16. x sesoak aale S.1/3 42 )F 551/30

{u-2p -1/2 *(a/3)>”: ; Re p>0]

60 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

yey vti/2_-v-t ‘ 2k
sinh
17. x" (ax) Bet Clot): a2 ie Ez) as
cosh i(2n)

] 1)}AC,-v)

x (5)
P) |A(k,5/2),A(k, (1-8) /2)

[pe Re v>- 1-58, Re p>0; {i\]

—- sinh avx
18. xX+zZ aE AG inh ay amean ert pues +
2
2Vp.

”orf Ee }]
2Vp.
[Re p,Re z>0]

yr i/2 avi
19. == cosh avx x 2 [2cosh ave" “ent[¥pz+44 i|=
2vz 2vp
- €™ ert{voz a }]
2Vp
[Re p,Re z>0]

20. se coshavx vn AP sinh’B

cosh bx vx ne ba cosh B

[+-- =a 4B-in 2* 5-2Ab; Re pinebi|

a

a1, Sinh[(2n+1) avx] 74 Free ea

¥xsinhavx Fl ext 0:
{Re p>0]

22. cosh{[(2n+1) avx]

(<1) at 22
¥xcoshavx 34 PX 1) ‘expika"/p)}
{Re p>0]}
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 61

2.3.4. Hyperbolic functions of dee? Hee and algebraic functions

Notation: z,= 2 zped p 7)

F sinh (asx 2 4+xz)

[Re p>|Re a]; |arg z|<n}

HZ,
- — | cosh( ¥74x2z) IO
x Cp —a~)z

[Re p>|Re al; |arg z|<nx]

72 ¥#1/2
2 IE asn/2(PttP -@)
i (x+z)! f x ae exp(z_)
ee
p“-a
sinh(a4 x ~+xz)
x [Re p>|Rea|; |arg z|<n]
cosntae x ae z)

-1/2
2x, (§ pone
. see
ted yeas
hal x7+x2z)
[Re p>|Re al; |arg z|<nx)

v G2 18) / 2
x 2
U[vesge| ox
en Le zva
sinh(a ~ 74x27)
<M (z_)W (z,)
x 2 v+3/4,+1/4 —v-3/4,1/4
cosh(a4 x +xz)
[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>|Rea|; |arg z|<nx]

yee sinh(a@ x7+xz) erf(¥z_)

an 2 ete¥=
i cosh( x? +xz) Zz 1

[Re p>|Re a]; |arg z|<x)

62 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2... =3/4 ee 2/2 Fie Faas

TOG RRAN 52s “re heb ne
sinh(a x2+xz)
< 7} [Re p>|Re
a|; |arg z|<nx]
cosh(@aax +xz)

1 v 2)" ays v/2 ype —v/2 pel

. ae
XX: Z
[(+3 é tx2] ¥ 3] ie Sleed) | 2
# (x45 1x? 4x2] |x p - a’
xK 4 [#e?

sinh(aa x Le 2
x (Re p>|Re
a|;_ |arg z|<x]
cosh(ad x2 +Z .)

-1/2 GES 7) 9) Af AO)

oe Seal
4 ue lyise

sinh(a x 7427)
2 2 94
\cosh(atx +z")

[Re p>|Re a|; Re z>0; ved Dp 2 —a ? +ia)]

2.3.5. Hyperbolic functions of oleh eax? and algebraic functions

Notation: u,= aod p?+a 2+),

= biptd ) 2 —a a

1. (bx-x 2,yy
- ri
me gals pr+az

x cosh(at bx -x 7) [b>0}
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 63

_ANN
3p
=) EU gt ;4%) ~
x costed bx-x aN
Sfp)
[5>0]

. O(x-b)
x’sinh(a pee ea head “be bd 2a
(prema?) (oot) 72 wont PeReS?
[o=0 or 1; 6>0; Re p>|Re
al]

» by? x
2 2)1/2
[2 eee seh ored)
2 2
p -a

X cosh(a rh} [b>0; Re p>|Re a}}

qeitly/2, 21/2 F1/2

; 6(x-b) x It soe
2 x
Vx+b
pasa
ee x 2 5 |
x X exp(-Hi p ‘ =a 25
cosh(ad x 4 -—b a)
[b>0; Re p>|Re a}]

(x-b) |
(eeb) Sue 4 )M,,3/4,41/40 X

sinh(a 6p2 al OF
x ae AW 3/4ipae
cosh(atx~-5b”)
[b>0; Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a|]

2
Gaby ats erfc(Vvv_)
x+b x x ePeric(V ,) *
¥26 1

sinh(a -h 5
x [b>0; Re p>|Re a|]
coshta x ny zy
64 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

= bp)
o
2g?
8. x0 (x?-B?) x > 3 s72 Ko! D— a.)
(p= —a™)

xX cosh (a eb) [o-0 or 1; 6>0; Re p>jRe al]

eye : ”), o

9. ve ae Ort 1/4| 2 1/4|2

xX cosh( eSB) al]

[b>0; Re p>|Re

_-
v v
Mae
20 2 =3 14 a
he aehil )Kunalz
es at
x 7) 7) [b>0; Re p>|Re
a|)
cosh(aix -b”)

2.3.6. Hyperbolic functions of ax, the power and exponential functions

_by. y{ Simh ax 1 ye a
1. (l-e) F518[v+t, 254] -B(v+1, 2¢4)]
(cosh ax 26 b b
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re a|,|Re a|-Re(bv)]

nebx ie. ee pra) >. |psa

2. (l-e’”) sinh ax 5 ¥( ; vf b }]

[Re p>|Re a|,|Re a|+Re 5)

85 -cx 2 2
oh a cosh ax doipte)
aa
as
(p+b)~-a

[Re p>|Re a|-Re b,|Re a|-Re c]

= 2 a4
sinh ax Sy eee By aed In erate +
: (ped) eee 2 p-atb
a bse in Ptare
p-atc
(Re p>|Re a|-Re 6,|Re a|-Re c]
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 65

5. ehh Se oo shax 1, (pte)? =a”

. (p+b)?

[Re(p+b)>0; Re(ptc)>|Re al]

6. x (ae *sinh cx - Ly oe, + fi ptd) ;ptatd _

(oes) 2 22 p-a+d

Ere ainian) _a(prtb) ) ptbte

2) p+b-c
[Re(p+b)>|Re c|; Re(p+d)>|Re a|]

2 sinh ax
7. exp(—bx’) LF exw 252) erfe{2=2] +
cosh ax 2WVd
2 .

Pexb ane ae ae)

2vd.
[Re 4>0]

sinh ax 2 2
(v+l1) +a a
8. x*exp(—bx”) eashiae
ee
2(2b) 6% t!)/2
EXD (2552-]
85
[exe(-$3)
46
x

x. (55) #0 [75]>_.. (Z|

—~v-1 YIb 46 ~-l YI5.

[Re 6>0; Re v>-(3+1)/2]

sinh ax 2
9. x exp(-bx’) ee8} ,.3
(p-a)exp Cer
4b
ertcl ao =
cosh ax b 2Vvb

+ (pt+a)exp (‘eze2-) erfc bal + ie

2vb
[Re 5>0)

sinh ax J
10. x vb/x pre ipa) eT Rs (bp-ab)
cosh ax
= (tay eK (2¥b p+ab))
[Re b>0; Re p>|Re a|]
66 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

sinh ax ee = [o-o a 3/4,-20bp-ab

: = ~
He 7/2678!
cosh ax 26 :

¥ (pta) (o-3)/4 -2¥ bpt+ab |

{[o-0 or 1; Re d>0; Re p>|Re al]

l+ax-e"* p+a)_ p_)_..(pta

12. xsinhax 2inr [Fe 2int 2a a! 2a

[a,Re p>0}

2.3.7. Hyperbolic functions of Bee for I#k, the power and algebraic

functions

a sinh avx ape 2 e

lie oe 3 [85[@-wer (5S Jerte(4 2 +
cosh avx Pp P 2Vvp.
2 =
+ tarexp( PFO] erte( +4} ve eas

[Re p>0]

2, Pert* grat POMD op (5) [exe(- $2]x

cosh avx (Qn; | SP #

Dav a(2=2) #ex0(24)0, (24)

b-a)
2v-2 von
— ab
4p}
b+a
-2v-2 YIp

[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>0]

Gel
inh
mG 2] [exo( 2 erte(®=2) 7
vx cosh avx

of ot)
24 p 4p Vp.
2

[Re p>0]
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 67

_b/x |Sinh(a/x)
4. xen seme aA (2Vbp-ap) ¥
cosh(a/x) Becks My

¥ (b+a) CK avbprap)|
[Re b>|Re a|; Re p>0]

5, x 0/22
b/xy : —- = [o-a (o-3)/4,-2V°b p-ap ~
2p o- r

sinh(a/x)
x begs (o-3)/4 -2¥ bpt+ap |

cosh(a/x)
[o=1 or 3; 6>0; Re b>|Rea|; Re p>0}

% : sinhd
6. x ee DLR YO exp(—u,)
coshd
sinh(ax+c/x) , fei
x [a-mrin2 tt wars ((b+c) (pta) / (b-c) (p-a)) “4+
cosh(ax+c/x) F a Fe
+rs((b-c) (pa) / (b+c) (p+a))
re(prea®y'4; sa(b-c?)"”4;
Re b>|Rec|; Re p>|Re ai]

2.3.8. Hyperbolic functions of [x]

aD =p.
‘is 6"! sinh ax] l-e Be sinha —
P 1-2be "coshat+b“e “?
[Re p>In|b|+|Re
a|)

2. bl cosh a[x] l-e

-_ ae
l-be
= me
‘“cosha
Dy toane Ceosharh e 7"
[Re p>In|b|+|Re a|]

nee t-2.0.
3. sa
He
yin a(x] 474 —arctanh —¢ St aha
x] 1-be ?cosha
(Re p>In|b|+|Re a|]
68 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

[x] ca ee = x
4. b cosh a[x] “ if u In(1-2be Pcosh atb’e 2» )

[Re p>In|b|+|Re aj]

5 fx) ieee Taeae

5. —£ exp (be cosh a) X
[x]! cosh(a[x] +c)
Mee a
y,
cosh(be "sinh a+c)

2.3.9. Hyperbolic functions of f (e*) and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6=
0

sinh
: -x a 6 (DEP), NN i DEO a ag 2
f oc } p+6 ey pay Saban yae 27
[Re p>-(1+1)/2}

Sinn
I (lee (ae *) B ¢ VED) | FO; pt+v+l1;
a) ¥
cosh
+ \F (p; ptv+1;-a)]
(Re v>-1; Re p>-(1+1)/2]

% sinh _ 5
3) eam (ae) 5-8 (255,v+1] x
cosh
2
x, p+6,1 45 p+6
9] 37 +6, 9) tv+1; ae7

[Re v>-1; Re p>-(1+1)/2]

4. (en) ¥nkT(v+1) ct! ta 2k

i 6 1 v+l 1,2k+l k

,
sinh fos _ mal A(i,1-p)P
cosh A(k, 5/2) ,A(k, 1-8) /2) ,A(l,-p—v)
(Re v>-1; Re p>-/8/(2k)]
 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

(1+1)/2 2
wr
1 *
& ~ — | bss) hal F (151+ Reed 2)
aa =
= ~
Pp
p+ pe: hy 4 Seas
fe)me‘SJ
a(oe)
eet ye

[Re p>0]

v¥n(2 as ) PVT had el

a i 2)
+1/2
P
[Re p>0]

a°B [F+v+1.7] x

5 tv+]; 78 +v+p+1,6+5;lind
x ,F, (5 +}

(Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>0]

f 2k
Y¥UKT(p) Gk! (52)
re pe 1,2k+1] |2k

A(,-v)
-x, 1/ (2k) J|
—e
)
A(k, 5/2), A(k, (1-6) /2) ,A(,-p-v)

[Re v>-1-/5/(2k); Re p>0]

10. tanh
2
70 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2.3.10. Functions containing the exponential function of hyperbolic

functions

1. exp(-a sinh x) qt CSC prt [J (a) - J (a)

(Re a>0]

Tt

2. exp(-— a cosh x) CSC pr f cos (px)exp(a cos x)dx —

0

- nt (a)

(Re a>0]

ee exp(—a cosh Vx) 120 aa R

vx e'sec FKaia(3|
[Re a>0}

|
ua
3 a a
ie eS exp(—a sinh x)
¥vVsinhx
8 ly(1-2p)/4 [5]J s2p)/4 [5]ss
a a
* OEE Y “(sop /4 (5)]
(Re a>0]

ee exp|- v2T [>5 Den ay 2a) xX

¥Vsinhx sinhx
-ni/4
XD_) 1/2 ¥2a)

{Re a>0; Re p>-1/2]

lear):
(v-2)/4
6. sinh“bx exp(-a coth bx) neh
46 TeJES)

-—vb
x Roos oe ae

x W
—(b+p) / (2b) ,v/ 120)|

[Re a>0; Re p>Re(vb)]

 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 71

2.4. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

2.4.1. Trigonometric functions of ax

a

Notation: a
' (|
jee are
1‘ ap
ny
cos ax
al]
[Re p>|Im

se = coth 32
2. |sin ax|
Deira
[Re p>|Im
a|]

3. |cos ax| 7} 5 [0+ acsch 32

p +a
[Re p>|Im
a}]

Prantl [n_/
I] 2] [p24 (ka) 202] - 1
sie:
4. sin"ax
24-1
Pp k=0
[Re p>n|Im a}]

[(n-1)/2] (;) bd
a
5. cos"ax
rhe po+(n-2k) “a
2
Eo |n
9 htehy [n/2]

[Re p>n|Im a|}

; oe 2
sin ax 4 es ae
por
6. pie2e
p(p?+4a’)
COS ax

[Re p>2|Im
a|}

——[sint
2 xSeta .
7. |
|sin ax|”| 7
inh 22
Va

xB( 12 gee yaa ia)”

a

[Re p>Re v Im a]
 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

1 a gaoP sinab
ren - f
pape p p ag cos ab

cos ab
a @
sin ab

10. 6 [3--]cos x

sinx
11. 6(n-x) D
(=)/2 eee
——____

cos x p?+l

. sin ax sinab
2:
COS ax, cos ab

cos ab sinac
[b<x<c] +a
sinab cos ac

cos ac
0 [0<x<b or x>c] ta
sin ac

[n/2]
13. 6 [5-5]sin”x n! 2 P<
pz Pa 1 abl [p +4(k+))"] {1-

n-1 [n/2)
ine, *exp| (- 1) os][i y (p*ANA)

X (p or fers Ns)...(p 2401)" ix

x [(21+2A)!] “yi
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 73

!
[n/2] =
14. 8 (3-+) cos”"x a2-1 I] [p? + 4(k+a)7] 7!x
Pp k'=0
{terns pi ag

[n/ 2]
+ Y (p2+4n) (p?+4(041)%)...x
1

X wn (D-+4(A41-1)7) [(21+24)1]“y}

z -pxn/2F¢ a ae -1
15. 6(n-x)sin’x ue ——_[p(2452 + 1, 2-2, 1)
2” (v+1)
[Re v>-1]

heey -pn/2 -= =
16. 6(m-x)sin xcos x
eEEew, D : mpe : [a(t 4 =|,
Pp +(V+1)
[Re v>-1]

-_
17: 6(mn—x) sin ‘ax
tt n! 2m _-mpx
ear) e )x
p
[n/ 2] i
x |] 4ceyy 7
k=0

18. sin ax sin bx 2abp

[p= (AHRe ) [p74 (apes
(Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5}]}

api +a"—b7)
19. sin ax cos bx
[p?+(a+b)
7] [p*+(a-b) 7]
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5}]

20. cos ax cos bx p(p’+a*+b")

(paar) 1 tp +(a-6) °}
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5}]
74 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

sin bx -n-2 ae
Lon 2 1¥#142n_.
21. sin of ‘| PES IP exp aes ni}x

b+ipt+na ,|ociptna -
x 2a + (-1) 2a
n+l n+1
[a,6,Re p>0]

sinax Le les O_o ((W=O=a ie

22.
sinbx 25|¥| 25 vl 36
[b0; a,Re p>0]

. [n/ 2] ny 24-1
sinnx 2 _ Ise Geil}
23.
sinx 2p py [p+ (2k 2 \] m
esl (a Ts
Fea Te

[Re p>0]

24. cos [(2n+1)x]tan a Se2n+1 Se ae foey ae

C2 eel
eet)
p +(2n+1) k=0 p Det Dy
[Re p>0]

co = k -kb
25. a 1 i (Fl) e
Te
coshbtsinax csch o[
P4+ 2p ay = one
[a,Re p>0}

3 OO: yn k kb
sinax a (F1) “ke
26. Goshhisa nae + 2a ye — eee
coshdb+sinax

[a,Re p>0]

27. oe eee 1 [2s y (-b)*

1+2bcosaxt+b’ Bi ba k=0 p +kig-
(15|<1; @,Re p>0]

28.
error.)
sinax
1+2bcosax+b
oo
k=1
=
a
p'+ka
k-1

L15|<1; @,Re p>0]

 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

2.4.2. Trigonometric functions of ax and the power function

sin ax
I. 5 Fixet ) fe ten tia) a
COS ax
¥ (p-ia)|) =
: Piv+l) sinu
On ag 5 aah Re aheae

[u=(v+l)arctan(a/p); Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|]

sin ax n+]
Dax nt rear x
COS ax pas

[ (n+1-5)/2] k n+] e 2k+5

x y (-1) [<]
k=0 2k+6] \?
[5=(1+1)/2; Re p>|Im a]

sin ax 2ap
3% _Lin
biinfos:
7 2 DRAB) 2 2
COS ax (peta =) Daa
{Re p>|Im a|]

2 Sin ax 2 a(3p?-a’)
4. x a Te
COS ax (p +a’) 4 p(p?-3a’)
{Re p>|Im a|]

ifs sin ax Cyn | 2 at 1/2

SX Me 2 2
cOS ax "ey eae!
[Re p>|Im
a}]

i = 1/2

cOS ax p +a
(Re p>|Im
a}]

7 - Af in a:
Sina: arctan Pp
4
[Re p>|Im a|]}
76 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

=3/ 2m
8. x sin ax Via peepee
(Re p>|Im a|]

simax)n ((n-1)/2]
T(v+l1) —,. (n/2]-k
2: x
Vv
ale Ae (+1) x
cOS ax
[p24 (n-2k)2y OP? 5
sinu n
n Nata Ga) n

(ie. } 2 epee oD (72)

(u=(v+1)arctan((n-2k)a/p); Re v>-1-(1+1)n/2;
Re p>n|Im a}]

n+1n-1
oo Esler
2 k=0
2n
x In preain-ntt | | 7) Inp
n
ipy| 2
[Re p>2n|Im a]

(-1)" ee
a2 Dy.(-1) k x

x arctan 22=2k+1) @
p
[Re p>(2n+1) |{m a]

2
qia(1 +42)
p
[Re p>2\Im
a}]}

pein(t +425)
2a_p
— -* In} 1 + 4a’
@ arctan

[Re p>2|Im a}]

farctan 2 - }arctan3a
a)
[Re p>3|Im a|]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 77

Liaw. PB
15. —> sin ax 4 arctan 3a_3p
P 4 arctan a
D +

Zz 2
+ 3a, In p_+3a
8 DED
p ta
[Re p>3|Im a|]

jAtelyi2 +
16. 3 |pia)” yp(v+1, bptiab) F

¥ (p-ia) gl wrt, bp-iab)}

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; 6>0]

j (ll /2,2 Fe ‘
17. x? (26-x)1/? x — aoe [1 (p—iab) rs I, (optiab)]
sin(ax—ab)
x [b>0]
cos (ax—ab)

Oe: sin ax Ses ewe: a

18. Sg Kae I'(v+1, bp+iab) +
COS ax
¥ (p-ia) “'T(v+l, bp-iad)]
[Re p>|Im a|; 5>0}

-pxn/2
19. a[x-Ab sin x £230" p+9"-1]
(p +1)
(Re p>0]

-pxn/2
20. £ 7) 5[Fu*+D+29]
(p +1)
[Re p>0]

2
21. in{1|
brRo|—
p
[Re p>|Im a|]
78 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2
22.
l=cosax a arccot [@ias
paoPi in{1+ a_
“|
2
x
{Re p>|Im a|]

2
39S INGE a$ in( +5]
as + p arccot ©Le a
23. 2
x

{Re p>|Im a}]

ax-sinax
24. 1 ap Inj 1+ a
Bee Ae
+ (p*+a’)arccot oe ap
a
3
x

(Re p>|Im a|]

25. cosax-cosbx is pith?

x pees 2
pero,
(Re p>|im a|,|Im 5]

Dee?
cosax-cosbx
26. |, yy
es arctan “ + b arctan 4
2
x 2 ee aed P
{Re p>|Im a|,|Im 5]

SUNGX=@xC O'S'G%
27. arccot 1g a
x
Dea

[Re p>|Im a|]

Sinax-axcosax = parccot 12
28. a — -
24
x
[Re p>|Im a]]

Sinax-axcosax 1 DED
29. AKG +a) arccot = = ap|

[Re p>|Im a|]

2
sinax
30. Pia| tees
p
X (2ax cos ax-sin
ax) [Re p>|Im a|]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 79

. E 2 2
31. Sinaxsinbx qinb thar b)
Dt GaeD))
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im |]

32. Soe 4 arctan —2bp__2 + arctan “22+

Dy 2 2
pta —b Vat Si

p +(atb)
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im }|}

33. singxcoshx F arctan $22 eels

p-a a is
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]; +p +b'¥a>0]

: ; : 1/k : ,
2.4.3. Trigonometric functions of ax ~ for /4#k and algebraic functions

F 22
sin ax sinu cos u
1. 2 [z. [7-sw| + [2
COS ax COS uu sinu

x [5= zu

(u=p’/ (4a); a,Re p>0]

7 Z
sin ax a itale) ey) 2 2
v i iv+l) Victor De
2. x 2 aay 2 {exp -i{ 4 n=) |x
cos ax 2(2a)
xD | p ew") s

Pe) a

(Re v>-2¥1; a,Re p>0]

 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2 5
sin ax 1 sinu
2 : ,—Vap [2-cw] =
3.x
a 3/2 2
cos ax 0 (2a) cos u

cos u 1
F{ E - sw
Sinu

[u=p’/ (4a); a.Re p>0]

anyl De a n| 1 p? 2
Sie
yx SS pera Eolas eal
[a,Re p>0)

2
. sinavx 3[23 e(- nl
Pp
{Re p>0]

2
- cos avx ari ksp [Fs erfi( a ]
Pape We 2vp
[Re p>0]

4 2,2
- lanavx 2/5 yy Dk exp(-4 K )
p” k=) P
[Re p>0]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 81

a sec vit vi,@

9 Rel es, 9% CAP 8p .
CSC VIt

a
x Ean ee Rese (-=i)
[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>0]

Ww.
10. x sinavx A
a
(-1) "va ( -]pel
ONY Roe
(
==
a
7 ae 4p) 2n+1 2p.

[Re p>0]

ex
n-1/2
cos aVx (-1) "Va a’ a
2n AytH 2? |” ap H,,
2 Pp 2vp
[Re p>0]

2
é x?! "sin avx =F Seegyt Tela 3a" AR
4p° P P bag?
2
xX exp - | erfi Gal
4p 2Vp

[Re p>0]

e 2
13. x sin avx ts (6p =a “exp -ss]
p
[Re p>0]

14. x cos avx

[Re p>0]

2 2
Wiran
» x Sin avx 4, + Pee
a [Fsexp(- $5}erfi[ a }]
4 p> 4p 2VD.
2p?
[Re p>0]

16. x! 2695 avx

[Re p>0]
82 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

sinavx
ieee
cos aVx

[Re p>0]

It
a exe— a4 _|
2 a
18. pa avx [5 ie erfiee

[Re p>0]

19. x W205 avx

Freo(-43
Pp
[Re p>0]
2

4p

sinavx 2 2
20. 3/4 a a a

bese avx
n]$5exp(-D ler
[Re p>0]

Di ei avx x erf ES
x
2Vp
[Re p>0]

+
3, (itl /2
sin ax!
ip, gel wt 2a
ni/4
[e So1jg4e) F
3ni/4. _

cos ax '~)

{u=2(a/3)"p ”*; Re p>0]

Fu
sin
es C
vaE eos 2 Stays (5yx
23. G 4ate

cos (2n) EI) r 2 1,2k

2k
. (4)L AC, v)

\P) |A(k,6/2),A(k,
1-8) /2)
[S5=(1+1)/2; Re v>-1-/5/(2k); a,Re p>0]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 83

24. a sin aVx ia i g |i:

2Vp.
~ 6 ert[¥pz- Z }- 2sinn av7]
Vp
2Vvp
[Re p,Re z>0]

Pa
25. ao = COSY = fle ert[¥pe+ 3 )+
2Vz 2Vp
+ oe" erte|¥pz- Z }]
2vp
[Re p,Re z>0]

sin bx VE Vie oA sinB

26. cosavx
cos bx Vx CN eal SE cos B

[4(p +6) A=a’, 2B=arctan(b/p)-Ab;

a>0; Re p>|Im d{]

D7 oS, felt +2 Y exe(- ms ]]

x Sin[(2n+1) avx]
{Re p>0]
sinaVvx

n
oR) (-1)" alt2) -rytexp(-452]]
P ei P
y £08 [(2n+1) avx]
{Re p>0]
cosavx

ie el 2 iss 2 2
2 | 1 k ka
29. saatale oe exp(- Zp
1-2bcosavx+b"
(|d|<1; a,Re p>0)
84 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2.4.4. Trigonometric functions of ax hs and the power function

sin(a/x) fena(al
: (v+1)/2
[exp( +522) .
: .
1. “|
cos (a/x)

XK, 1 (2e™!/4¥ap) + exp -fees x

XK, (26 4¥a P|

[Re v>-2; @,Re p>0]

1 sin(a/x) kei (2V ap)

Os = +2
cos (a/x) ker(2Vap)
{a,Re p>0)

sin(a/Vx) sin v1 pare) 3

3. “| + 21(-2v-2) a of [veg.ve2:
cos (a/v¥x) cos v1

OD
2 A
(141) /2 =
3F1
7] + tee ely }x
Itong

[Re v>-3/2; a,Re p>0)

co
Pde Rates k 2k +1
(a_p) 6) 1
2 J rhaPa| ESTt
- 3c - nor
{a,Re p>0]

co

Le AY (-avp) *
Jp ety Fit TY#TTT)
[a,Re p>0)
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 85

p e Sn ll by 9 Seah -v-1 Goeke! 2k 2k

l
|
; caK FesPct Ns Ew 2k+1,0 a p

cn lalla treeuet

[Re v>-1-/5/(2k); a,Re p>0]

2.4.5. Trigonometric functions of eee: and algebraic functions

Notation: z, = a2 p Cea 2 +p)

1. sin(a x74+x2z) peer Al p?+a’|

2 Deg ©
[Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<n]

2. —cos(atx
1 2
+xz) ———
th os
exp(-z )
vx (p +a’ )z
[Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<x]

2 2 +1/2
(Alpe has --p))
3. Getay lx JB a9#0? —_____expi-z )
2 2
p +a
sin(a x7 +xz)
x 5) [Re p>|Im
a]; |arg z|<n]
cos (atx =+xz)

-1/2
x
4. —*—_;5x & z/2 K,[Ho
ZA ee are 2
+a
(x+z)

X cos (a x? +xz) [Re p>|Im a|; |arg z|<x)}

86 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

Vv C2 ier
x 2 S5+1) pz/2
5. a eu x Se r{v 4 Je M ,,43/4,+1/42 *

Ra es
x cosa peas)
x Ww—v-3/4,1/4 (Ze)
"+

(Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>|Im a]; |arg z|<x]

Pe ae erfi(vz_)
6. geree erat. Ly 7 erfc(vz |) :
vz 1
5 »)
sin(aax +xz)
x [Re p>|Ima]; |arg z|<nx]
{erat

2 -3/4 Na pz/2 <2 ar

fle sue eet anne
eeu dees | hee leo Ab
sin(a x +x2)
x 2 [Re p>|Im
a|; |arg z|<nx]
COS (aN xX ~+xz)

8. teeny lx f
2(3) | |x, (ilea?)
v {sind

cos b
Vv
Zz | 2 =
x |[=+5+ x +2] + [b=v arctan(a/p); Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<n]
2

+ [x+5 Ax? +x2) |x

: 2
sin(avx “+x z)
x
{encir——|

-~1/2
9, a np Fig) =
2 2 4 F402 WF
x +z ij,"
sin(a pes (Oy)
x EY Rw 1/4°°+
cos (at :x 7+2z
7) Wk are (v))
2 2
(2v,-2d p +a +a); Re p>|Ima|; Re z>0]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 87

2.4.6. Trigonometric functions of Ab eee and algebraic functions

Notation: v, = bd p 2 a 2 +p)

a2 Vi2 =bp/2.,) (0 |pa2e2

1. (bx-x"), (3 Pp

X cos(a bx-x’) [b>0]

Chie a es (a2 ae -

2 = x ee ee)
x
2
x cos(at bx-x~) fat 1404]

(u.-2'b(ad
x
a -p7); 6>0]

o+l oa
3. 8(x-b)
x"x ee Op ee)
2 Deco le ae
CDi at Ge)
X sin(a a te [o-0 or 1; 6>0; Re p>|Im
a|]

| ee /2
4. (eb? [3 prepa exp(-Hl p “+a~)
p +a
DD
<cos(aix' —5b ) [b>0; Re p>|Im
al]

leas 2 eal/ a2
5, B(x-b)y i pee tebe 2
Pp) ba ra
¥x+b J p2+a2
sin(a Po he.
x [b>0; Re p>|Im a|]
cos (a Poy ven
88 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

(x-5)? ae Stal
r {ve 4 fe ne *
Ceeb ye ce bVa
sin(a Rhea)
x XW sya /4es (
cos (a Sooke
[b>0; Re v>-1; Re p>|Im al}

(x-b) 1!?
erfi(vv_)
x oh oP ertc(y v e)
x+b
¥26 l
sin(a YB)
4 —— [6>0; Re p>|Im a|]
Coe EP 2

8. x7(x"-b7) |! /2, (bp)” die ta 3

WED a2o| Ne ta
(p°-a’~)”
X cos (ad x?-b’) {[o-0 or 1; 5>0; Re p>|Ima|{]

(x2 52) 1/2

9, ——__——_—_——___x l Uy ae
Vx Ten Kira(a7)Kire(3=
X cos (a Eb) [b>0; Re p>!Im a|]

10. Gi hae ; wa
v =
v +
2 alk ETAL
sinitee 252)
x [6>0; Re p>|Im a|]
cos ene)

iL. Gen sind

a ile p? +a’)
cos

x [xd 262) = [d=v arctan(a/p); Re p>|Ima|; 5>0]

- Vv

= Ax b2)- 150
a
x
cos (a ee
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 89

2.4.7. Trigonometric functions of ax, the power and exponential functions

-by. y| Sim ax j (ltl /2 racy: = o4

1. (l-e™”) <5 —[b [v1 2544) = Bvt 2544)
COS ax
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; 5b>0; Re p>|Im aj]

2 wile "Bed Did) a Pattti

Zon Cle) eaSiniax, 75 : vf b }]

[b>0; Re p>|Im
a|}

3: FT
et sai
pe
2% COSIES Ife
gli@ge
ast
ns
(psc)*
a~+(p+b)
[Re p>|Im a|-Re b,|Im a|-Re c]

-bx -cx
Cie = sin ax pe aa foe
x a Clee
— (p+b)arctan a
—;b
Piel Rian 1G Ne ia

5 ole ec osax 1, (pte) "+a"

x a 2 ok
[Re p>-Re 6,|Im a|-Re c]

2
- -bx..
6. x (ae *sin cx - oe tn a ipsa)” — a(p+b)arccot poe ar
G 24 (pth)
- ce “*sin ax) + c(p+d)arccot bed
[Re p>|Im c|-Re 5,|Im a|-Re d]

2(sin ax Ses why : 2 :

Pr ke 47 AG Neos a Jerte(2*£2
2)+
cos ax Fie 2Vb
F exp (alee
<5 ) Jert(2=£4}]
[Re b>0)
90 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

sspears sin ax insist SE Bisons

8. xe (v+1)/2
COS ax 2(26)
2 2 é x
DP =@ iap Ditati@)\ien
x exp }[exe[ )p Cy )?

= meeaup, ptia
* exp <5] Oe re ]
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re 6>0]

2(sin ax med acta apie ¥ 2

9, yeu ee gs Eh oom (pt+ia)exp CPELa) = x

COS ax 8 pe 46
. A 2
x erfc Bee ¥ (p-ia)exp fa x
2Vdb
a 9) —
2Vb
[Re 5>0)

sin ax
10. ven} ‘Siam ws | Bria) 2
cos ax
(pt+ia)) F Gap
(2Vb ey
XK,

°F Fay) |
xK,,,

[Re b>0; Re p>|Im a|]

Sp ei pe = Sim u_
Wks Bee Sg Ly a LA er u, ats
cos ax 2Vb(p’ +a“) COS U_
cos u
tu %
“(sinw,
/ | 2 2
{u,= (26)' a p +a +p)”, Re 5>0; Re p>|Im
a|]

sinu_
12. ‘x -3/2, ”'“e-b/x| {Sim ax [Bexp-u,)
COS ax cos u

{u,: see 2.4.7.11; Re 6>0; Re p>|Im a]

 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 91

2.4.8. Trigonometric functions of axtll* for /#k, the power and

exponential functions

px |Simavx
Le |
Ph ae ea gs (betay
5 [orinere (55) x
cos aVx
; ; 2
X<enIG coe + (b-ia)exp eee x
2Vp P
xerte(2—£4) + st
2Vp }
[Re p>0]

pele sin avx pea(INN)

aria-2 2 2
l G22) exp(? -a )x
I, 3G
vot l
cos av¥x (2p)

«wo tee} Paral)

[
iab
4p
oraia\
2v-2 vIp
es

= exp -se D i
4p -2v-2 Vip
[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>0]

= a sin avx
e
a cos aVx

{Re p>0]

eas = sinavx cos

Ch ag [2 *|cw) -Si) F
Vx cos aVx sin @
sing
+ {2 1 -C(g) -S(@)]
cos @

[p=a ?7 (2p); Re p>0]

92 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

i
<p/x| 5100/2) ida:
Zi
fp
aaioa/aes (b+ia)
eS
_ (v+l)/2 K,,,@2 ee
p (b+ia))+
a: xe
cos (a/x) P

¥ (bia) "7K Vp (b- 7a) |

[Re b>jIm a]; Re p>0)

sin(a/x) sinv_
6. a [Fern |
cos (a/x) COS v_

{v,- cap) a +b apy: Re b>|Im a|; Re p>0}

sin(a/x) sinv_
eae gr ae exp(-v,) |v, +
cos (a/x) 2Vp(a°+b") COs U_

cos v_
tv
(sino,
{ul: see 2.4.8.6; Re b>|Ima|; Re p>0]

sin D
Six ene x aeexp[-2rs contacto
cos D
sin(ax+c/x)
x (2A=arctan(a/p), 2B-=arctan(c/p),
cos (ax+c/x)
Dim2i/4 2 21/4
r=(p +a)". s=(b +c us
D=A+2rs sin(A+B); Re 6>|Imc|; Re p>|Im a|]}

-3/2 -b sinE
Oe vaee Ixy YR exp[-2rs cntavonl
sin(ax+c/x) cos E
x [A,B,r,s: see 2.4.8.8;
cos (ax+c/x)
E=B+2rs sin(A+B);, Re b>|Im cj; Re p>|Im a|]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 93

2.4.9. Trigonometric functions of [x]

1. 6"! sin a[x] ees be sina

P 1-the-’ cosasb- ce 7"
[Re p>In|b|+|Im a}]

Ze pl cos a[x] Peer 1-be ?cosa

2 L-?¥e-“lcosatbse
oF
[Re p>In|b|+|Im a|]

pl*) eels a Pia

3. ao sin a[x] le arctan 22 Sina _
; 1-be ’cosa
[Re p>In|b|+|Im a}

pix) i Pes 2 z
4. Yr cos a[x] E | In(1-2be ?cos at+b’e Sy

[Re p>in|b|+|Im a|]

[x] (sin(a[x]+c) _—— Ey

5. 5 j lee exp(be “cos a)x
* (cos (ajx]+c)
sin(be "sin a+c)
x —_

cos (be ?sin atc)

2.4.10. Trigonometric functions of f (e*) and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6=
0

Sine q® 2
1. (ae *) F bee
Z atd Pron; te =
a sina
=a T(p) U _(2a,0) +
cos a P
+ cos @
ie U el (2a,0)

[Re p>-6]
 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

arse Fs (p;p+v+l;ia) +

a fF, @sptvt1;—ia)]
[Re v>-1; Re p>-(1+1)/2]

(eS pion
2 ORG.
xc p+6.1,.
enolpts,
ae :
(Re v>-1; Re p>-5]

VERE (v+1) ok! | (a ds

jos 1,2k+l Qk

A(1,1-p)
A(k,8/2),A(k,
1-6) /2) ,A(,-p-v)
[Re v>-1; Re p>-/6/(2k)]

. d-e*)"’x VaR (vt1) (0k | (2k a

ee 2k+1,1 a

x
sin
fae 2)
A(,1-p) oa |
cos A(,-p-v)
[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

sin = ft)
x [a(l—-e ~)j Li as 1:1142 p+2el a’ sy
cos
p\p+l) 1 F, 2 2 aa
= P(p)U (24,0)
[Re p>0]

5 (v+6+1)/2
a B(v+6+1,p),F,
§+1/2, (p+v+6+1)/2,
sin ae (v+5) /2+1; 4
x [a(l-e*)]
cos (p+v+8) /2+1
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>0]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 95

sin 1/2-p Af (a) i

8. (a me} + va($| rf p+1/2 |.esi|
cos

a°B [vf | x

a eee
x iP. [ype sptatvtl b+5; = a
lea
[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>0]

10 deeroe
sin
(Aree) [Re p>0]
cos

i aye sie
+ li=e%) [ax
VaR (p) okt |(a_)*
1° 1,2k+l] |2k
cos

xd eal A(l,-v) |
A(k,5/2) Atk, 1-5) /2) ,A@,-p-v)
[Re v>-1-/5/(2k); Re p>0]

6 Eerie ¥VukT (p) Go: kt! [74]

2k
<a (ler) [ax 1? 2k+1,1 a

eit) -l/ Dy
A(l,-v) ee
x ad
A(l,-p-v)
(Re v>-1-//(2k); a,Re p>0]

Bede) Xx a°B G Serpe]

2
Fy Geaeuars
2 sin px
Spel | + 2a }.
cos px
2
ule ypeettig
x F,[pevelipt an )
[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>0]
96 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

vn
Sy (1/2-p)
eee [UU =
(a)-L_,(a)]
i4, (eet yx

xsin(ate *-1 {a,Re p>0]

2¥n(a/2)”
{seitenyex T(pt+1/2) Ae

xcos(ate *-1) [a,Re p>0]

VakL oO Leet | (2S

Tou Goel a
(2n) l(pt+v+l) ‘

A(,1—p) ,A(k, 1-6/2) ,A(k, (1+) /2)

x eye}
A(l,v+1)

[Re v>-1-/5/ (2k); a,Re p>0]

a ors sin
5 6 6 6.
- (l-e-) [ax aB [»-atl v5] if, [+ fi6+5.
cos

79 sin vit
x oa} $4] ae 2 ap} \.
cos vit
2
x ve gvPONG2s4
F, [prt tive Ys )

(Re v>-3/2; a>0; Re p>-(1+1)/4]

a Be. (sin
= Wee} [ax
¥akl? crt (a)
cos (2x) !~ Ppt)
x (gael ) -I/ (2k) }|
A(,1-p) !
A (1,v+1) ,A(k,6/2)
,A(k, (1-6) /2)
[Re v>-1-//(2k); a>0; Re p>-/5/(24)]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 97

2.4.11. Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions

sinh ax si
1. sin bx 3 5 3 a7 %
cosh ax pte 0)) malapin ta@ra—0)) aan

2ap
x
p'+a’+b"
[Re p>!}Re a|+|Im a}]

sinh ax a 2ap
De sin ax See gl 5 >
cosh ax p +4a~> |p +2a

[Re p>|Re a|+|Im |]

sinh ax 2 xp? a
3. cos bx Sp

cosh ax [per (tare) Wip.tCra-b) 1 tp

[Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

sinh ax 1 a(p?-2a’)
4. COS ax oF | eT 3
cosh ax p +4a p

[Re p>|Re a|+|Im a|]}

< anes sin bx GWITEY Vrwsp ,

cos bx ola
(p—va-ib) / (2a) (p—vatib) / (2a)
x<4P 2)
(p+va-ib) / (2a) (p+vatib) / (2a)
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re(va) |+|Im 5|]

6 1 sinh ax sin ax 1 arctan 2a”

TEX 2 2
[Re p>|Re a|+|Im a|]
98 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

1
The x cosh ax sin ax
: 51 arctan |
2ain +1]oteus
7 arctan2a_
7 i

[Re p>|Re a|+|Im a|]

on in2 + 2ap+ 2a”

8. 7 sinh ax cos ax 4 a »? a2apt2a-
{Re p>|Re a|+|Im a}

4
i 4a
oO a l-cosh ax cos ax) 7 int 7 ]
p

[Re p>|Re a|+|Im a|]

1 : bade
ea SINNI MS Ina $ [arctanee +] + arctan(24 ale
2 i)
x

+FInean. § arctan 26
2Vea peda
[Re p>|Re a|+|Im a|]

1
11. 3 Xx
$ [arctan& +1] + arctan & -1}=
i) p p
x
2
“gine +2aps2a” ~Bin( +827
x (1-cosh ax cos ax) 4
—Jap+2a’ salesp
[Re p>|Re a|+|Im a|]

12. sinax ale Marlyse it) — {{jdarlosy@

sinhdx Dahle eb Vip
[Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5}]

cosh b¥x sinaVx

sinh bVx cos avx

[Re p>0]
 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 99

sinh aVx sinaVx

x
cosh avx cos aVx

=1/2
15. -x x

sinh bVx sinaVx

x
cosh bVx cos aVx

-1/2
16. x x

coshavVx sinavx
x
sinh aVx cos aVx
[Re p>0}

x (Shaeas (5)
-3/4
Af eae x
qi/4 P| aay -1/4| 4p
sinh avx sinaVx
x [u=(a’+np)/(4p); Re p>0]
cosh avx cos aVx

sinu 2

cos afl 27)

-3/4
3/4
18. x
2 cos |ad Gal
cosh avx sinaVvx
x [u=(a’+np)/ (4p); Re p>0]
sinh avx cos aVx

19. x
|
*
coshavVx sinavx

Cipipee
100 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

20. x
“1/2 cosh b¥x x Gio
Se aes
Vin Pepe
> 7)
|oae
(pietiGa®) 4p +4a cos v
sin ax re ae
xX (v=ab"/(4p +4a )+2 arctan(a/p); Re p>|Im a{]
cos ax

2 Me
-3/4 nfan (cosh [a°/8p)]
Poe I aff;|sinh [a’/ (8p)]
hulp
< (sinh a¥x+tsin aVx) [Re p>0]

2
-3/4 nfanw (oS [4°/ 8p)] a2
ESE A ae sin [a’/(8p)] ke
xX (cosh aVxtcos av x) [Re p>0]

; 1 ek: :
23. cos(a sinh x) 7% csc px J (ia) + J,(ia) =

zs 2 cos pL9)1,0]
{a,Re p>0]

24. x -1/2. x . 2ne a’P [°,[2<0.4p

4; e)+ 6,
: [220,SP)
4i z) 1)
1
13
X sinh (Re a,Re p>0]
cosha-cosx

2.5. THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

2.5.1. In"(ax) and algebraic functions

1. Inx -FC+Inp)
[Re p>0]

7) 2
2. In’x +13 + (C + In p) 2
ljaz_

[Re p>0]
 THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 101

T'(v+1)
3. x'Inx [p(v+1) — In p]
v+1

[Re p>0; Re v>-1]

n! e 4
4. x"Inx 5m os clap

[Re p>0]

n
x
n-1/2
Inx
¥u(2n-1)!! 1
2" ptt e/a fOi; 2k-1 -€-np)

{Re p>0]

Inx - J2[c + nap»)

[Re p>0]

7. x"In"x
dial hive)
nede poe

[Re p>0; Re v>-1]

T(v+l1)
8. x‘In?x v+1 {{pv+]) - In p]?+p W+D}
[Re p>0; Re v>-1]

9. B6(a—-x)In x +[Ei(-ap) ~e“ina-inp-C]

[a>0]

x
10. 6(a-x)In a “-(Ei(-ap) ~In (ap) - C]
[a>0]

11. 6(x-a)In x sle7In a — Ei(-ap)]

{a,Re p>0)
102 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

12. 6(x-a)In - 5Ei(-ap)

[a,Re p>0]

13. Seay Inx = e” (Ei? (-ap) —21na Ei(—2ap)]

x+a D
{a,Re p>0)

0) (22 Sa) 5,28 Lap .2

14. ror pees 7 e Ei (-ap)

{a,Re p>0]

pai : Nolet) Pp
15. eee: (=) ie (en (D) a eal
ral ~Seseiai
[Re p>0]

+1/k
2.5.2. In"(ax- “+ 6) and algebraic functions

1. In(ax+b) Fliny= Boas ' =)

p a
{a>0; |arg(b/a)|<n; Re p>0}

2. In|ax-b| usinheeewaEi Eat

p a
({a,b,Re p>0)

3. 6(a—x)In(x+b) “In piseee= oP Ei(-bp) + ePEi(ap-bp)|

{a>0; |arg b|<x)

*4 oS b v+l bp
4. x In(ax+b) wore | a [vetsV+2° e)an

ZA VOTO
ri E eee
2 piv+l) + bp
ae x

wey v; LEAl
X oF ,(L1520
. [|arg(ax+b)|<n for x>0; Re v>-1 for 61;

Re v>-2 for b=1; Re p>0]

 THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 103

(1+In @ In 6)In(a+6) + pe! x

Eno In(x+a+b)
x {Ei(—ap) Ei(—bp) + [1-In(ad)] x

x Ei(-ap-—bp)}
[Re p>0]

pb pt+l
6. —*——— In" (a+b) cp"rarn [2] x
(ax+b) ;
d nN ae b

ol ¥ [n+l n-ve2; 22}|

dy" 2
)
[Jarg(ax+b|<n for x>0; Re p>-l for b#1;

Re p>-n-1 for b=1; Re p>0)

Bed 2 e :
7. |In(x% +a>) pla a — Si(ap)sin(ap) — ci(ap)cos(ap)]

[Re a,Re p>0]

Daye? l pews -ap yp.

8. In| x°-a"| pl Ina-—e Ei(-ap) -e~' Ei(ap)]
{a,Re p>0]

DI 2
9. In(l+a“x") si*(2] +c? (2)
x a a
[Re a,Re p>0]

10. In] 1-a7x?| S[ eee)Ei(2]

Bi(- Ve
x

[a,Re p>0)}

F ik page /2_-v-1
k,2k+l |_k
11. x In(l+ax) (amy Beeb a 3) 72 Take 2k ELS

poet
x (5)
l
l
P) |A(k,1),4(k,0)
(Re v>-1-//k; |arg a|<n; Re p>0}]
104 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

I/k l v+1l/ 2 p -v—= 1 2k kek-| -k

12. x‘In(lt+ax "”) Ee Clea) 72 2k, 217 *
(21)

l Sona
(5)P)
l
|A(k,0),A(k,0)
[Re v>-l; |arg a|<n; Re p>0}]

ieee -v-l Gk: 2k+l ae

13. x‘In| 1-ax!"* | BI? 3k+1,3k

! A(l,-v), Atk, eas Gl

x
5]
P) |A(k,1),A(k,0),A
(k, 1/2)
(Re v>-1-//k; a,Re p>0}]

p ORS 1/2 -v-

-l/k
1
yee ue
h x'In| l-ax
ID (95)
(1-3)72 ase x

! a
x
aP) \A(k,0),A(k,0)
A (k, 1/2)
[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0)

2[cosh (ap)shi(ap) — sinh(ap)chi(ap)]

{a,Re p>0]

16. ToT
Lin Cera
x+tatb
e(7*)?
Bi(—ab) Ei(—bp) — In (ab) x
x Ei(—ap—bp)}
[Re p>0; |arg(a+b) |<x]

-1/2 =
17. x (a-x) 1? x ne Pl? Ee (427) + [ina”= c}i, (23)
x In[x(a-x)] [a>0]

(Pay? x
~ [c+ in? K (ap)
x In(x*-a?) [a>0]
 THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 105

2.5.3. Functions of the form ind x?! aC +dx*! . and algebraic

functions

1. In(/x+z+Vx) Bs PulrK Dea inz

2p Oe?
[Re p>0;, |arg z|<x]

2. In(Vvx+iat+vx-ia) Bla H) (ap) - FY (ap) + inva]

[a,Re p>0]

3. O(x-a)In(Vx+a+Vx—a) ZplKy(ar) +e In (2a))

[a,Re p>0)

4. th Y¥x+z+Vx - A/z ce” Ei(ap)

X+z va P
[Re p>0, |arg z|<n]

5. 6(x-a)In oad 53 2 -a ay 7[K(ap) +e in a)

[a,Re p>0)

6. inde tee ori (pz) — Y(pz)] eine

p 0 0 p
[Re p,Re z>0]

1. xin x?+2 +x) —* [Hy (92) - Yy(2)) + 521H,(2) -

2p i
Ze
~Y, (p2)] ee ee

[Re p,Re z>0]

in(24|2—+1
8 L lalat tat
a
a heed (t) -Y,(t)]dt
were
‘i
0

[a,Re p>0]
106 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

9.
ene eee
: : 7 In z[H(p2) ~ Y9(p2)] ~S_, 9(P2)
x +z
[Re p,Re z>0]

10. Pe eee Jle"K (02) + In z]

{Re p>0; larg z|<x]

ma és ae ee pet eed Be) BTL 1s Be

(tea Dw) ae 2 2k+1 , 2.

L|}AC,-v)
,A (Kk, 1-r),A(k,1—r)
ware Nesrese ee x(5]
PY |A(k,1/2),A(k,0)
AS oe [r-0 or 1/2; Re v>-1-//(2k); |arg a|<n; Re p>0]

t st = ; (ky PTET pT phates ak

Cltax. vie (20) TCU Sy) 2k+1,2k

aa / 1} ACl,—v)
, A(kK, 1/2), A(k,1)
xIn(d l+ax at x (|
P) |Atk,r),A(k,r)
ry ee (r-0 or 1/2; Re v>-1-rl/k; |arg a|<n; Re p>0]

v+1/2 -v-1
13. 6(a-x)x"x at p_____ gt jax
2V2k(2n) :
i [Tk ] 1} A(L,-v)
, A(kK,1/2),A(k,1)
mlz) = xt)P) 1A¢k,0) ,A(k,0)
; l/k
ais (¢) =i [Re v>-1; a>0]

% prrts2 -v-1
14. 6(x-a)x x th ay Goth! |."
x
< 2VTE (an) '7*™ 2k+1 2k

welll a LO/BK
«Ey A(l,-v)
,A(k,1) Atk, 1)

A(k,0) ,A(k, 1/2)

+ (<] -1] [a,Re p>0]
 THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 107

2.5.4. In"x, the power and exponential functions

2 n 2
Loxe Inge | eee fa)
dv” (4a)
[Re v>-1; Rea>0] or [Re v>-l; Re a-0,a+40; Re p>0]

2. we nx 7a" ong 4 oe 1 a i)
ae Gi! IEE Ws,

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

v -a/x,_n a” (v+1)/2
3. xe In x SG K

[Re a,Re p>0]}

1 -a/x. a
4. ae In x In| Ko(2¥ap)

[Re a,Re p>0]

(1+1)/4
-1+1/2 -a/x nla LO S/Gp Ge
SX e In x [3(¢] [re Ing

reg de *?Ei(-4/ap)]
[Re a,Re p>0]

2.5.5. The logarithmic function of f (e*) and the exponential function

1. In(i-e™) Slybe i +¢|

[a>0; Re p>-a]
108 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

a - in
index
if }) Ufa
Veal poner |bd fee
pak ar cl
[a>0; Re p>-2a]

3. (l-e ™)"In(l-e”) 13 (241) [vor -»p & ++i]

[Re v>-1; a>0; Re p>-a]

4. (l-e“)"x ids [B+]

a av" a

x in: (lens) [Re v>-1; a>0; Re p>-na)

OX, aX
5. In(lte’ +e +... +[o(2
3h P +1) = ¥ para“
= 1)|
Pee —(n+1)ax.
) [a>0; Re p>-a]

6. In(ite”) [in
p
2 -6(2+1)]
a

{a>0; Re p>-a}

Plan
iects) Sly ee
Peer ge Ptka l
[a>0; Re p>-a]

vin(ite **)-1n2
8. eat PG@asbmemeiD!
rts | {tev p) — G41, pt]
= a =|

[a,Re v,Re p>0]

9. =e)" Tver
2k+1, 2k+l|7
Grays:

A(/,1-p) Pp),A(k,,A(k,0)
0) ,A ,ACk,1)
x In(tae™/*
A(k,0) »A(k ,0) ACL ay)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

 THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 109

T(vt+l1)/
-v-1
v
,2k+ k
10. (l-e*)’x
Gin) -1 Ot

A(,1-p) ,Ak,1) ,A(k, 1) |

x in(laee’
A(k,1) ,A(k,0
ACL ),
,-p-v)
[Re v>-1; |arg a|<n; Re p>-l/k]}

aT (v+l1) 72k, k+l -k

iis deux i v+l Gae41 Sef

A(l,1-p) ,A(k,0) ,A(k, 1), A(k, 1/2) |

x In| 1-ae™’*|
A(k,0) ,A(k,0) ,A(k,1/2),A(1,-p-v)
[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

nu(v+l) Qk, 2k+l k

Po aleen ex 1’ +1 3k+1,3k+1 ¢

A(l,1-p) ,A(k,1)
,A(k, 1),A(k, 1/2) |
x In |1 ef te
A(k,1) ,A(K,0)
,A(K, 1/2) ,A(,-p-v)
[Re v>-1; @>0; Re p>-//k]

va pla
13. in(et* 244 Aspnes
2p p/at+1/2
[a>0; Re p>0]

14, In(i-¥4 le) Nee Pa ie

Bh eee p/at+1/2 2p
{a>0; Re p>0)

l OP. Ep) Gtewel af

15. (l-e *)*x (any Fo! keh ake

A(l,-v) , A(k, 1), Atk, 1) |

x In[it+a(l-e *) ue
A(k,1),A(k,0),A (1, —p-v)
[Re v>-1-//k; |arg a|<n; Re p>0]
110 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

LPP (py) Gr kel at

16. (l-e *)“In[1+ Oa) 2k+1 ,2k+1

A(1,-v) , A(k,0) , Atk, 1)

eal “Ey a)
A(k,0) ,A (k,0),A (2, —p-v)
(Re v>-1; |arg a|<n; Re p>0]

mT (Cp) pk, 2k+l k

Uinieeaou. 1? 3k+1,3k+1 a

A(,-v) , A(k, 1), A(k, 1) A (kK, 1/2)

x In| Teadne)h |
(kK, 1/2) , AC, —p-v)
A(k,1),A(k,0),A

(Re v>-1-//k; a,Re p>0]

nut (p) Glk kt! po

18. (1-e*)“In|1- 1? 3k+1,3k+l

A(l,-v)
,A(kK,0) , A(k, 1) ,A (k,1/2)
uu a( l vane e |

A(k,0) ,A(k,0),A(k,1/2) , AW, —p-v)

(Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

poe
2k+l,k+1 -k
19ecleeb yo ke l=2 k+l, 2k+1| %
(201) I (p+v+1)

Ad,1—p),A(k,0) ,A(k, 1)
x< In eae
A(l,v+1),A(k,0) ,A(k,0)
[Re v>-1-//k; |arg a|<n; Re p>0]

per
k+l,2k+l | k
20. (=en ix k+l- k+l, 2+] 7
(21) 2r( p+vtl1)

A(l,1—-p),A(k,1) ,A(k,1)
x<In Wealae
A(l,v+1),A(k,
1),A(k,0)

[Re v>-1; |arg a|<n; Re p>-l/k]

 THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 111

if pty
21; (lee ye nl 2k+1,k+1 [-"
(in) 1-1 Pi p+v+1) 3k+1,3k+1

A(l,1—p) ,A(k,0),A(k,1),A(k,1/2)
x In| 1-a(e*-1)""*|
A(l,v+1),A(k,0),A(k,0),A(k, 1/2)

{Re v>-1-//k; |arg a|<n; Re p>0]

if pty
22. (l-e a, nl k+1,2k+1 [
(2x) is) Pi pt+v+l) 3k+1,3k+1

_ A(l,1—p),A(k,1),A(k,1),A(k,
1/2)
x In] 1-ace*—1) "|
A(l,v+1),A(k,1),A(k,0),A(k,
1/2)

[Re v>-1; |arg a|<n; Re p>-/l/k]

= Sf my/ee
Gere] ™ (nk! kK,2k+ k
23. Gere es rs tap gas ytd PV+1) Gor axes |4

A(1,1—p)
Atk, l-r) ,ACk, 4
Mincitede - * Rae
A(k,1/2),A(k,0)
,ACL ,-p-v)
pee) (r=0 or 1/2; Re v>-1; Re p>-//(2k); arg a|<n]

= ey 2 rea 2
(l=e ) (nk) 2k k+l -k
Ly
Ulede tere ee
2(2n) * Lvs UME G ee a

A(l,1-p) PEE ae
indie ee ee
A(k,r) ,A(k,r),A(,-p-v)
ae =e {r-0 or 1/2; Re v>-1; Re p>-rl/k; |arg a|<x]

=X V + V¥aTk r+) G24! G

255, O(a—x) (l-e~ ) x = a1%*! 2k+1, 2k+l

l(a- x)/( 2k De
x Inte“
A(1,1-p) ,A(k, 1), A(k, 1) |
A(k,0) ,A(k,1/2),A(,-p-v)
* PERE Se: SP § [a>0; Re v>-1]
112 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

4 V0alk al
26. 6(x-a) (1-e “)” x 7 PotD carekel c
Dh

A(l,1-p) ,A(k,1/2),A(k,))
<Intes: = a)/(2 k a

A(k,0) ,A(k,0) ,A(,—p-v)

e l(x-a)/k = {a, Re p>0}

2.5.6. The logarithmic and hyperbolic functions

sinh ax
1 In x -
OU bad G2 hed |
+ >=———_In
(p+a) —
7 ee | 2(pta)
cosh ax
1
TORQ a
[Re p>|Re a|]

saaN pati
7 InBEE K (atpp”2h)

X sinh ( Mans [a>0;’ Re p>|Re b|]

ee a
xX In
a

: sinh (b4x7+2x2) )
Pin BEE Kyte pats)
15 ee
[Re p>|Re 6|; |arg z|<nx]
2
xX +2xz+x+z
x< In
z

- In(sinh ax) p[in2+2+e+(8-)I

otk a p_

[a,Re p>0]

- In(cosh ax)
ol (Ea)~>]
[a,Re p>0]
 THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 113

2.5.7. The logarithmic and trigonometric functions

1. sin ax Inx eo Earctan ‘ —Ca- >2 in (p?+a >]

pea

[Re p>|Im
a|]

1
2. cos ax In x - pire
Earctan ; +Cp+ 5 In(p*+a°)]

{Re p>|Im
a|]

sin ax sind
Ss: x” In x See, wiv+l) —
cos ax (p' +a’) cos b

cot b
- 4 In(p*+a2) BE arctan 4
tan b P
(b=(v+1)arctan(a/p); Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im al]

5 2. ®
4, + sin ax |Inx - arctan ${C+ FIn(p +a ]

[Re p>|Im a}]

lee a “ait
5: = sins In x In p kei(2Vap a5© ker(2Va

[a,Re p>0)

6. (x?-ay71/? arctan(2] Kil p?+b”)

A 2 2 :
Xsin(x -a )xX [a>0; Re p>|Im
a}]

5g Pe Pn{x?-a?
Sl
a

‘ ax|
7. In|sin rk (i 42) +c] mdip in2
2)+ w(-4
[a,Re p>0]
114 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

8. In|cos ax| ded +6(-32)]

{a,Re p>0]

ee 1,1, 1-ip/a;b
9. In(1-26 cos ax+b’) rae ore af 3 -
P Pre “9 =i pa
1 1,1, 1+ip/a;b
———— F
a+ip3 2 22+ipla

[a,b,Re p>0]

2.6. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Some formulas containing inverse trigonometric functions can be obtained

by means of the relations

5 2 Tl
arcsin x = Re, l-x° = 7 ~ arccos x, 0<x<]1;

oe ‘
arctan x = arccot Parke arccot x = arccos = arcsin
hee fi+x?

2.6.1. Inverse trigonometric functions of algebraic functions

Lap
1. 6(a—-x) X *$5[
"oo= L, (ap) = ( \
arcsin (x/a)
x [a>0]
arccos (x/a)

= Yaa’ v/2+1 (v+1)/2, v/2+1;

2. O(a-x)x” x
(v+3)/2]? 31192, (v+3)/2,

ae (x/a) a’ p?/4 pe ae. (v+3) /2 v/2+1,

sa LES oes AG F
arccos (x/a) (v+3) /2 2(v+2) woe S726

(v+3) /2; a2p?/4 1+] -v-1

+—Z-np y(vt1,ap)
v/2+2, v/2+2
[Re v>-1-(1+1)/2; a>0]
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 115.

3. O(a-x)x xX + ae I, (ap)- ap! (ap) - L, (ap) +

2p
arcsin (x/a) = |!
x + apL (ap)- 1+ (1-e P_ape °°)
arccos (x/a) 0
[a>0]

v+1/2 -v-1 l
4. O(a-x)x’x ee ae |u
kOayee Geap

arcsin 1/ (2k) ‘ etl. -v-1 kee 1! A(l,-v),

x arccos a af 2V2Kk (20) PRS bel og bet Bay
dT
0,
A(k,1), ]

A(k,1/2)
[Re v>-1-(1+1)// (4k); a>0]

-ap_
5. 8(x-a) Xx 7 S ;+ aK, (ap) + FA 1K (apyL, (ap) -

arcsin (x/a)
x -K i (ap)L, (ap)]
arccos (x/a)
{a,Re p>0)

ae -v/2 (v+1)/2, (v+1)/2;

6. 0(x-a)x”x
ayer (1-v)/2 2s 1/2, v/2+1,

y arcsin (x/a) a’ p 214 via

v+2 , —(v+1)/2 F v/2+1,

arccos (x/a) (v+3) /2 -v/2 3 af.

v/2+1:a7 p oe = 1/2,
+ap Tv) .F
(v+3) /2,v/2+2 3/2

1/2 va’ p?/4 Fe -v-1/{y(v+l1 ,ap)

=
(1=¥)/2, 1-v/2 2 rv+l)
[a,Re p>0]
116 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

‘t v+1/2_-v-1 airy
7. 8(x-a)x"x izif
_—

2 ep1-3)/2 eee ’

> (2n) | ~ I+1,1

a
i n 1/ Qk) A(1,-v),1 pryti/2 -v-l1
ra x
a WIK cay htt 2a
arccos

! A(l,-v) , A(k,1/2), |
0,k+/+1 1
X Gist k+l .1
‘1 A(k,0),0
[a,Re p>0]

8. 8 (eee? 82) x Lexp(-fa?+5”) =

x arcsin ——4*— - £ [cosh bip-0K (da?+b*)at

Lae Dp
[a,6,p>0]

9. arccos ee Ip [eos= J (2) + sin 5 Yo (*5)]

x+4x +a
(Re a,Re p>0]

2.6.2. Inverse trigonometric functions of ‘the exponential function

: oe eek a 1 pole (p+a) / (2a)

arccos Pllo| va 1+p/ (2a)
[a>0; Re p>-(1+1)a/2]

1
2. 8(a-x)(1-e = *)”x 1{Tpea
(p+v) cit!,0 -al| ~~’
“{! pee +1, “uf A(,p), 0

arcsin yi) A(l,1+p+v) ries

a le J = v+1 x
arccos 21
l
k+1+1,0 -al| ’
xG : é
k+l+1 ,k+l+1 | A(L,p)

A(k,1), nee |

A(k,1/2), 0
[Re v>-1; a>0]
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS E47,

3. 8(x-a)(1-e*)”x =
INE sd) git fem AC pea) ’ 1
F
2{0) 1 : 0,A(1
, -v—p)

~ arcsin fet (2b, < Vn (v+1) k+l,1 al A(l,1—p)

, ,
yi apvt! ke l+1 kol+1 |© 0
Atk,1), 1

A(k,1/2), A(,-p-v)
[a>0; Re p>-(1+1)//(4k))

2.6.3. Trigonometric functions of arccos (ax*!/*)

please fll
Notation: 6-{}

fr 6 wt+d pt]
1. x a?=xy D/2 care eats x
2 (u+v+6) /2+1,(u-v+6) /2+1

ae & (ut1)/2, p/2+1; a’p*/4

arccos *\
aay [» x,F, =a
1/2, (u+v+6)/241,(u—v+8)
/2+1

Mev ate
ght sr2

+2
xT x
(u+v+6+3)
/2, (u-v+6+3) /2

ake (n+3)/2; a
x F, 3/2, (ut+vt+5+3) /2,(u—v+6+3) /2
[Re p>-1; a>0)

3feyi/2
2x
“1/2% 9 Oh112 ap ap afl -
(a -x), . X ( 8 ) bee Recent 3

x c0s[varccos*|
x ~ ap Ss
cnn ean | }]

[a>0]
118 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

3. gti
gty ly (-1)’ NP2 7 aPlz ap
er, I, 2) -n+1/2| 2

l x5
X< cos [(2-+3] arccos®] [a>0]

wyEBay) pC 21k) AIM 2 07 eal Vee

U/k, (6-1)/2
4, ea pe + ua 1/2-1 +1
x
v2 (207)
p*

y/o
-(3]
on 8 1/ (2k)
2k, l
:
l
1 A(l,-wp),
x{eae [»arccos a } ce Ll
a p Ak,0),
Atk, (v +6+1)/2), inf poeta

A(k,1/ 2)
[Re p>- 1; a>0)

—y-6
coy Bey? -a’y (>D/2
2 avegt Op x

"i
(1-p-v)/2,(1-p+v)/2

(l+p+v)/2,(1+p-v)/2; a’p’/ |
x sin Vvarccos ~
cos a
1/2, p/2+1; (ut+1)/2+6

IO)
= ht! es or
x
(ut+v) are

1+(utv) /2,1+(u-v) /2; oa

Al
3/2; (y+3)/2, w/2+6+1

+ voa°p “cos os T(u) X

| (1+v)/2,

1-p/2,
(1-v)/2;

(l—-p) /2,
a’ p’/4

1/2+6
|-
1-5, 1-u-26,;

J
+ (va) in~> T(u+26- 1) x

|
I+v/2-6, 1-v/2-6; a*p*/4

342-6, 1-p/2-5, 3- n)/2-6

[a, Re p>0]
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 119

(= a mae

1/72 x JZDy _yjg%2aP)D_._ 1 j,/ 2ap)

x

55
X< COs [»
arccos 2 [a,Re p>0)

9. xt
k§_all (OVI2y, Ub
may C26) 707256 pwr / 2
k
+ = VIOry oo

‘ 1/ (2k)
x sn8 Vv arccos Sh
val eo ® 60. 2k+! 2 A(l,-p) ,

cos a 2) 72kel,2k| 0 e
ap Atk,v/2),

A(k,1/2), oa

A(k,-v/2)
[a,Re p>0)

2.6.4. Trigonometric functions of arccos f (e “) and the exponential

function

A ee agp
Notation: 6-{o}
ie pla
r —@. IX.
1. sin(varccose ~) gerarl [Peay e1,poe

[a,Re p>0}

a~Pla
*[p[etgeee ca eel =,
SAGE | Seo eeL p AGE NE:
x cos(v arccos e ”) (a,Re p>0]

6
Vv vauk 0, 2k+1 la
3. O(a-x)(l-e *)"x (| 1 Put DG 7, i

A(,1-p), A(k,1/2), A (k,6)

Ma-x)/k_ 1] (6-1)/2
x [e x
A(k,v/2), Atk,-v/2), A(,-p-p)
sin 1(x-a)/(2k) [Re p>-1; a>0]
Hive [»arccos e }
120 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

6
Ses Vv ne la
4. O(x-a)(l-e “)" X eb72 ie
2k+

—6-1 A(l,l-p), Atk, (6+v+1)/2),

eileen 2 x
A(k,0) , A(k,1/2), A(,-p-p)
ata
Aea [v arccos X

. ola-v/ Sin} [Re p>-1; @,Re p>0)

2.6.5. arctan(ax**y, arccot (ax*"/* and the power function

arctan ax (6
1. os {‘
\ssin 2 ci(2 = cos 2 si(2}|
arccot ax E
(Re a,Re p>0]

ae arctan ax aT) 1, 1/2;

Pe -p°/(4a‘)
242 A
i 23 =
aE eNO - z 3 as
arccot ax 2p ap 3/2, (1-v) /2,1-v/2

ny ena Vee p?
+ (v2) see Salts, 3+2; - 2a]

avicalt 2

ees an aa Te a
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re a,Re p>0]

ss str} ta[eete(s)-24()]5
arctan ax 1 Pp Pp

arccot ax 2 Me = a

Aloe
a a Pe
si(2]+ cos Pole
2 ci(
2

[Re a,Re p>0]

 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 121

4. arctanavx OW re erfc [F|

[Re a,Re p>0)

5. arctan(aVx+1)+ {cosBall a ai25) a (22) ze

p 2 2 2
a a a

+arctan(avx-1) + sin 2p le(24 2 s(24)|

a a a
[Re a,Re p>0]

6. x’ arctan aVx RI Cut iy! hy Saree DC v+Lsv+2; rs =

; c 2p’?! D(v+l)cosvni‘l ea

TT Gout lod) eee (bts let po

ap
v+l/2 #,[ Ey Egoe: a
;|
[Re v>-3/2; Re a,Re p>0]

vy Li (2k) doe eo tes : k+1+1 2k

7. x arctan [ax J EeCPH 3) 7 2 pees 4
2(2n)

ve A(l,-v), A(k,1/2), ]

p‘|Atk,1/2), 0
(Re v>-1-//(2k); Re a,Re p>0}

Np oeie -a 2» “)-
8. x’arctan4 ap ‘T)F 3
. 3/2, (1-v)/2, 1-v/2

=a)
v+l vt
©COS ae
War)l
Il ers) foal
© 2p
-

~ ap
v+2
sin vn“FF,(F415
v
9.5425 - at : GP]
3v

[Re v>-1; Re a,Re p>0]

122 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

- 2
v a -v-1/2 1 1/2, LE g
oS arctan ap r vty oF, im
BG 8/2; hi2=9

2
SOREES RCE iF, ots v+2; ap)

[Re v>-1; Re a,Re p>0]

v+1/2_ -v-1
1 k+1, k+l
10. xx Gia
[.x
k+¢1-3)/2
2(2n)

Adl,-v), Atk,1/2), 1
X arctan [ax
-1/
AA
(2k
4 x iel
p 0, A(k,1/2)

[Re v>-1,; Re a,Re p>0]

2.6.6. arctan f(e

*), arccot
f(e *) and the exponential function

i
arctan
arccot
(ema)
ileal
(Re p>-(+1)Re a/2]

d-e): x P(v+1) 7 ae, Gh: kela | [email protected]),

at cal k+1+1,k+l+1 | Ack,1/2)

INGEN ID) IM
X arctan Eexp -
A(l,-v-p), 0

{Re v>-1; Re p>-l/(2k); |arg al<n)

(l-e *)’x VCEION

Oe loan x%| |
ato! kel+1 keler |% A(.p)

A(k,1/2), A,pt+v+1)
X arctan Eexp &3
A(k,;1/2), 0

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 123

li +1+1,k+l |—2k
4 (laen)x a
2(2n)** 1 = 27 ives) k+l+1,k+l+1

1/ (2k) Ad,l-p), A(k,1/2), 1 |

xarctan[a(e*—1) ]
Adl,v+1), A(k,1/2), 0

(Re v>-1-//(2k); Re p>0; |arg a|<z}

pt+vy,-1
-xX.v l 1G (ptv+1) k+l, k+l+1 2k
cy Aen We. arn) §* 42 eee

-1/ (2k
AU, =p)s 80K 172), 21
xarctan [a(e*—1) is ui
A(l,v+1), Atk,1/2), 0
[Re v>-1; Re p>-//(2k); |arg a|<x]

=e 8 T(p) ky k+l+1 ax |40-5

6. (l-e ) x a*x*- 1)? k+1+1,k+l+1 q
Ak, 1/2),

NRA) 1
—x, L/ (2k)
xarctan[a(l—-e °) ]
A(l,-v-p), 0

[Re v>-1-//(2k); Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

= T'(p) k+1, k+l -2k

7. (l-e "x A AEUE Sell

NCKAN/2), 1
~x, -1/ (2k)
xarctan[a(l—-e ~) ]
A(Kyl/2),, SC,-v=p)
[Re v>-I; Re p>0; |arg a|<n])
124 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2.6.7. Trigonometric functions of arctan(ax*!*)

eee ered al
Notation: 6-{}

Ge v+1/2[ (sin(ap/2)
Is x +a’)? x = vat.a (<} x
P cos (ap/2)

z cos (ap/2)
sin x ap ap
x{ [»arctan =]
| ore E J [ }
cos a v+1/2| 2 sinin)D) v+1/2{ 2

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re a,Re p>0]

9Wer
EEE sin(vn/2)
2. xt ttary”? x
cos (v1 /2)
¢ ? mer 4
(l-v)/2, -v/2; -a“p~/4 Z
sin x
x ene v arctan 7 x oF, a
1/72; —(ut+v)/2, Cl-—p w/e

Lz cos (vi /2)

+ vap a T'(u+v) x
sin(vn/2)

l-v/2, (1-v)/2; ~a*p?/4

a8 -
3/2, (l-p-v)/2, 1-(ut+v)/2

. sin(px/2)
= qh* *2 .B(-p-v-2, +2) x
cos (un/2)

n/2+1, (w+3)/2; -a2p?/4

XF _
3/2; 2+(u+v)/2, (3+p+v)/2

% cos (un/2)
aa. *1B(-p-v-1,p+1) x
sin(un/2)

(w+1)/2, p/2+1; ~a*p*/4

x4
1/2, (3+p+v)/2, 1+ (p+v)/2

[Re .>-1-5; Re a,Re p>0]

 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 125

Sys pean gee: VL 2K)

3. xo *+al!S v/2 x
(2x Meas
= Ss 2 ae
x
r(-v)

{0 sarctan(2) "”")}
cin Os 1/ (2k)
x Gk 2A!
DRCIG2R
|faa
a
byt
p
wl
A(l,-p)

Atk, 6/2),

A(k,v/2+1), A(k, (v+1)/2)

A(k, (1-8) /2)

[Re p>-1-/8/ (2k); Re p>0;|arg a|<nk/JJ

_ vn0(vt+1) sin(p/2+a) yo, (3)2

4. x(x Ber NLC, 2p” +1/2 cos (p/2+a) v+1/2

cos (p/2+a)
x {520 arccot xtay}
~ sin(p/2+a)}
J ”* (8)
[Re v>-1; Re p>0;|arg a|<n]

alah) isa (ek ON i a O72)

x
BY ee ptt
T(-v)

2k, k+l l : AEB);

xG 2k+1, 2k l
a 'TAk,O),
A(k,1+(v-6)/2) , fea

Ak, 1/2)
(Re p>-1; Re p>0; jarg a|<nk/])

v/2 he 2
|g apa Ps x
6. (x41) cos ax x
x

© 2p 2pta +e?D pipe

x cos(v arctan Vx)
bd ae ¥2p
{a,Re p>0)

fos) k
a, arctan ee b pea Be
l-acosbx a= pp? +k? b"
[a,b,Re p>0]
126 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

2.7. INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

Laplace transforms of inverse hyperbolic functions see in Sections 2.5 and

2.6 after the following substitutions:

‘ 2 ; Mig as
arcsinh z = In(z+4 z “+1) = -i arcsin(iz),

arccosh z=+ inters Zz of 1) =arccos(iz),

SP ae Wag
arctanh z = 7}In ee = —i arctan(iz),

z+
arccoth z = 5 In i 1= 1 arccot(iz).
Chapter 3. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.1. THE GAMMA FUNCTION [(z)

3.1.1. I "(x+a) and the power and exponential functions

1 ae
LG 1) we
[p>0]

] (ol) De Der
Zs Tixta) e vie a=)

[p,Re a>0]

x" -p
3. TaGxcnll). T(A+1) ple , A)

(Re A>-1; p>0]

ee
* Tx+a)
ratbedy? :
wer ie t3a-1)
[Re A>-1; p,Re a>0}

(x-a)* “Py
5. Bively, T(A+1) ple ©, A, a)
[Re A>-1; a,p>0]

Seana
gare
wa (441) aed
we
[Re p>0]

ee
7, [ieee Fu(ta]
it ciel) pve
(Re A>-1; Re p>0]

pe iee eertins tfa)

=

4 I
At + oO

(t+o+l)
1 1

[Re A,Re g>-1; Re p>0]

128 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.1.2. The gamma function of [x]

—p/2
erf (ae ”’”)
cen) tt! 2[x]
2. sinh Byexp(ta’e ) a
I. FCTx1+3/72) 7 P erfi(ae ” /2
{|arg a|<x]

4[x]
= eee a sinh OSerf(ae ?! )erfi(ae ?/?)
(QixY)
1
[|arg a|<x]
AT (2[x1+3/2)

qgi*!
f=cu! =p, v-1
(eas ae (Fa) To)p (1+ae “)

[larg a|<x]

-p/2
(21)ete acted 1-e ? es wag :
einai ap
ap J \_, Qae™
[|arg a|<x]

5 PeLx ev) qt!

ieee ae (l-e’)(1-ae ’)~”
[Re p>In|a|]

@ P¢ [x] /2+v) Jt Pry teen. a ap

Palas SS
aves p
ont D.,.(-

{larg a|<x]

pee eee xX
lesa
[J,, ae ””)cos vn +
“ TC [x]+v4+l1) p
1
AT Clix]
—v4 + BEQae’”)sin va]
[larg a|<x]

oo
Cues =e”
u
make Ph ae
—p/2
)
* FCixlt3vw a) v-1/2
a P H,_3/2 (ae?! .
1
XT Cpeey) (larg a|<x]
 THE GAMMA FUNCTION 129

gis)
Hina/2 1-e ? D gnpe #2 =p
e pe pd gtiae )+i E (Qiae )]
9. T(1[x]/2+n/2+1)*
1 [|arg a|<x]
ARCA
Y 2=n7 221)

aoe -p
1- a np/2
el?
10. Fe] 7IED * [J,,Qiae ”)-i H, (Qiae ”))
ap
[larg a|<n]J
XPOS TORE

4[x] _ ri p —_ _

Ml. SaTrcslew * —
n
.
v-2
ae pie [ber?
v-1
(2ae ia) 7

Orissa
oe A. + beis | (2ae 7)
IMP
ES ar):
[larg a|<x]

fea qi '*!
Slee.
Py fe-typ/? J. Qae
-p/4
EX
Enc) 2v-2 v-1
a p
.
x1 (Qae.?!4)
XF(2[x]+v) v-1

{larg a|<x]

(+1) ropes) ek ed a.-p a.-P

13. FIT Cixi +24) Vit ome Re ila
[larg a|<x]

Zalex) “- }
14. (2{x]) ta x oS . Oae AS (2ae TEs
p Vv =;
Clad) 2F((xhevtl)
[larg a|<x]
oSwaET ERES

coi) [x] az !*)

15, 44 > Lc e Wp /2 bei, (2ae”/)
{[x) !PC[x]+v+1) v
ap
X sin AES ay)nu ({|arg a|<x)
130 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

[x] az i*)
ie. =o def 0/2 ber, (2ae ” :4
+ Nera PARSE Same
up
v

xcos(22L+ 32). [|arg a|<x]

3.2, THE RIEMANN ZETA FUNCTION €(z) AND THE FUNCTION £(z,v)

3.2.1. €(n[x]+m) and various functions

1. a5
¢[x]+2) [en
apa ete p(1—-ae
-p
)]

[Re p>in|a|]}

2. (+1)
[x] 0d
€(2[x]) =p/2 iP a eee mt)
Wace
2p coth (Va eo?! 2a)
[Re p>2In|a| J

Ss [x]
e? exe!
3. Tx] +2 o(41+2) ee in T'(1-ae_ N - Cae |
a *D
[Re p>In|a|]

[x
4. oa €(2[x] +2)
UP -_

Se atV ae Pe csc(Vae_ JESS)]

ap
[Re p>In|a]}

(p) alt ne
5. ee ts eCity) = t(u, 1-ae ”)
[Re p>In|a}]}

6. (3[x] - . (-1)" 1-e? (wn

i=l) f°loess
op (1-ae™?)
[x]

ale (fx +p) [Re p>in|a|]

 THE POLYLOGARITHM 131

3.2.2. ¢([x]+p, v) and various functions

ae ({x] +2, v) £1two - piv-ae)]

p — pa

[Re p>In|a/v|; O0<v<1]

(pn) Pe ~
‘ Sean x =e C(u, v-ae Py

x O({x]
+p, v) (Re p>n|a/v|]}

3.3. THE POLYLOGARITHM Li, (2)

3.3.1. Li, (-ax’) and the power function

l-1 fey) (21l-j) Oy)

Pd eA 7 dO la & Gore (1) eR
Notation: Az2y Files)! aye (eeber }

1. Li. (-ax) cere ny fear —| nt

a Ck +1 )
PSD
1 n | . n-k [k/ 2] A,
tyAbe(m4)
cotte Pp PC
a
= ITT

x re)
[Re p>0; |arg a|<zx]

(<1) "7 ee ee ee |.
2: xi, (-ax) 5
: (v+l) sinva
n lle lcepia
adel) PW) -¢ | |
v n+) n+l
ap l-v, Dee

n n-k [k/2] A
spre eer aadtat a eeear a l .

x pe +1)

[Re v>-2; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

132 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2 2
3. x1|;
Li, (-ax) 132
6 in a+ 4C)_2 24%+6C-4C
>i rs 4 p
In=+

203+3n7C+40(3) _pAs (play iy

hz a ko (k+1) 7k!
x[parn + cy —In A
[Re p>0; |arg a]<n}

de : CO err El bek CEs ESD) -n co

4. x Li, (-ax) ce waa a:ee Ges

Gis
k
— rk+1) ia =

pl ie 1 i n-k

a alah p ; “s

-21
ae Thi eal r&D ovary
jy BDI
[Re v>-7-1; r,Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

3.3.2. Li,(f(e *)) and the exponential function

2
1. Life”) Lae — p(ptl) - c|
p
[Re p>-1]}

! Oil pil
2. Li, (ae *) E ot meine
P pee oy)
[Re p>-1; |arg a|<n]

- 2 p+l,1;..,1—a
3. (1-e *)*Li n (-ae *) -aB(v+1,p+1) nv n+]
p+v+2,2,...,2
[Re v,Re p>-1; |arg a|<n]
 THE POLYLOGARITHM 133

!
e errs) ky k+l+n A(l,1-p),
Civ te k+l+n,k+l+n
A(k,1) ,
BARS lig A georsars tl |

0,0,...,0, A(,-p—v)
[Re v>-1; Re p>-l/k; |arg a|<x]

1-p-v,l,.., a
5. (ise. eo Lin( ae) — aB(v+1,p-1)
nt+2>
F
n+l
DD Lonaee,

exe pee
=n —V,P,..»P;—a

sinpn sth
ptl,..,p+1

[Re v>-1;Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

i saihidel wre Atl, 1p),

k k+n, k+l -k
6. (l-e *)”x (Inyr ny! k+l+n,k+l+n ¢
A(k,0) ,

lx/k
ING Sa ae | |
x Li, (-ae )
ORO. oe ,0,A(/,-p-v)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

A(,-v),
7. (l-e
x\vV
) X
e kt "P(p) ck kelon
On 1? k+l+n,k+l+n
ANG sai),
rN(29 Oy ee eae ia |
x Li,(-a-e *)* )
0,0,...,0,A(,-—p-v)
[Re v>-1-//k; Re p>0; arg a|<n]

A(l,-v),
RV. te PON Ee Ghtn kel
8 (l-e ~) X (2n) a | 1? k+l+n,k+l+n
A(k,0),
AGO), let 401 |
-x,-l/k
x Li, (-a(1-e ) )
0,0, eee ,0,A(l,—p-v)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0,; arg a|<n]

134 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

p+1,1,..,1; @
xv +
9. (d-e~ ) x — a B(v,p+1) rel
RIP eto?
v+1
x Li,(-a(e"-1)"') Sa
(v+1) sinvan
ing1v+1, ..,v+1 ‘
x n+l
ks on
VED stag VEZ

[Re v,Re p>-1; |arg a|<n]

pase?
k+l, k+l+n k
k+1l- k+l+n,k+l+n
(22) 2r(p+vtl1)

ING Fi) oN. ID aI} Scasg!!

x Li,(ace)
Ad,v+1), A(k,1),0,0,...,0

[Re v>-1; Re p>-l/k; |arg a|<n]

l-n,vt+p t
lleghzel*)’ - — 4, ttn ta"
(LIE, CGPIFT ee

NUNS) JNO sls tl 9 coagll

x Li, (-a(e™-1)/)
A(v+1),0A(&,9) ,0,0,..:,0

[Re v>-1-//k; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

3.4. THE EXPONENTIAL INTEGRAL Ei(z)

3.4.1. Ei(ax) and the power function

1. Ei(-ax) -Fin(2
p a
+1]
[Re(p+a)>0;, |arg a|<n]

2. Bitox Saale -1)

[Re p>a>0]
 THE EXPONENTIAL INTEGRAL 135

3. x’ Ei(-ax) LiG@val)
ea pee [vet v+2; a |-
(v+l1) (pt+a) pta

fs eae b; v+]
(p+a)
[Re v>-1; Re(p+a)>0; |arg z|<n]

4. x’ Ei(ax) vt+l
I'(v+1)cot vn + ei ees x
a(p-a)”~
2H psFa Vv; aoe )
. _' aot ie

[Re v>-1; Re p>a>0]

5; x" Ei (tax)

Re p>a>0
Re(p+a)>0; |arg a|<n

6. be Bice) vn __V¥n_, Vp+a+vp

pYpra p!*
[Re(p+a)>0; |arg a|<n]

7. «! *Bi(-ax) =2 JzIn pA SE
a
[Re(pta)>0; |arg a|<z]

It p+vp(p-a) _
8. x Bi cax) ale In}2
p a
1

[Re p>a>0]

9, 6(b-x) Ei(-ax) 5
Dp
|Bi(-ab-bp) — ePBi(-ab) - In (1+2)]
a

[b>0)
136 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

10. 8(x=5) Fi(_ax)

x
[C+In(bp) — Ei(—bp)] Ei(-ab) -

— 412) + (C + In(aby)”) -
Kg k+l k m
_ gab y 1 eS s (ab)
beOnCR
alh) oe Leen om
[oe}

4 Yi Cagib ak
Rain alee
[b,Re(p+a)>0; |arg a|<n])

ia at
(lex (Ricavo Fale

+ Ei(aVx)]
(Re p>a>0]

P pyelz2 -v-1 Gh aay

12. x"Ei(-ax! VE Clare de [21 [+1,k+1] [k

] 1} A(1,-v),1

x (5)
P) 10, Ak,0)
{Re v>-1; Re p>O for /xk, Re a>O for I[>k,

Re(p+a)>0 for /+k]

13.
2 Pe
p Ko? ap)

[Re a,Re p>0]

RaGvitaly)
v+l
le+ In(ap) — p(v+l) -

_ ;ap of (1,1;‘ 2,2,1 avi ap)|

[Re a,Re p>0]

2] Ei(-2Vap)
[Re a,Re p>0]
 THE EXPONENTIAL INTEGRAL 137

16x *Bi(- |
x
- 2]Be? oP _ 4VpnEi(-2Vap)
[Re a,Re p>0]

v+1/2 -v-1 k
/k a l p G eet) x
17. x*Eic-ax ig Oe Gears Mdecet. k+l+1,1]
x
la

x
l I]A(,-v),A(k,1),1
o_

Ri |0
[Re a,Re p>0]

+1/k
3.4.2. Ei(ax ), the power and exponential functions

pilrprvel/2 Sepa a)
1. x*exp(ax!/*) x ese
Cony
US
*
eee eee
be? k+1,2k
We x

1)! [4C,-¥)
,Ak, 0)
Bia")
[5]P) 1A (k,0),A(k,0)
(Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n)

ete Ri ax) ay oP ri(-2¥b p-2V (bea) p) +

+e 2¥ PE Ovbp-2V(bFa) P)I
_ JRe p>a>0d
[reVs be >0; |arg aul

3. Pia daa (tax) Fle >? Ri(-2Vb p-2Vb (p#¥a))+

pee PRGVbp-2Vb (pray)

_ JRe p>ard
[reO70; i aeons jarg Fea

-1/2 a/xp.{_ @ 2] tcos 2Vap ci(2Vap) +

% e Bi(-$)

+ sin 2Vap si(2Vap)]

[Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]
138 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

-3/2 a/x,.{ a a : '

S. xieone Ei(=4] 2]®{cos2Vap si(2Vap)

+ sin 2Vap ci(2Vap)]

[Re p>0; |arg a|<x]}

6. x exp(ax
-I/k )&X kik 1/2 _-v-1
eysop 2 eT k
(Qny (3441) /2- 7 Opie “a

A 1)! [AG -), AD AK,D

< Eir@ax) -) x (4)
P) |A¢k,1)
[Re v>-1-//k; Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

2
vi av x. I
Te [é *Bi(-aV¥x) + FFexo (45)8:(-a

+ oY *Eiav)| [a,Re p>0]

-1/2, (a+b)¥x/2 I (a+b) 2 a{- Dg B!

8. xieerle < 2 [Pep See |Bil
= 5)

x [Ei(-aVx)+Ei(-bVx)]+
+e at Vx I2,. [apRe pl

X [Ei(avx)+Ei(b¥x)]}

3.4.3. Ei(f(e*) and the exponential function

p
1. Eitcue’) .Ei(-a) + 2—T-p, a)
[Re a>0]

2. Ei(-ae*) a Ei(-a) - 1 y(p, a)

Pp pa p
[Re p>0; |arg a|<x]
 THE EXPONENTIAL INTEGRAL 139

e
-bp ‘4 b a
Dp b
. 6(x-b) Ei(-ae") 5 Ei(-
i(-ae) +—TI(-
P (—p, ae )

[b,Re a>0}

-bp s
. 8(x-b) Ei(-ae *) Se Pp ECE} —rae y(p, ae”)
{b,Re p>0; |arg a|<n)

Soca |
. 6(x—-b) xEi(-ae *) [ot] [(ae™’)’Ei(-ae”) - y(p, ae”)] +
pa
co
-bp -b k
se y (-4¢ )
PP eS0k! (k+p)
[b,Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

()
v-
Gye) a 0,k+/+1
. Od =eey Ener) 5 Hs |
(Ox)

alien |
0,A(,-p-v)

[Re v>-1; Re a>0]

;
(
v- 1
V(v4+l)1l— k+1,
tee Mee Keeley, Qeealiy)2
G 1+1,k+/+1
a
k
(2n) ‘ k

|
AG yi=p)s

0,A(k,0),A(,-p-v)

[Re v>-1; Re a,Re p>0)

0,1l+p
31
ce (G0) (ae*) Ei(-ae") - G3 |.
p,0,0
[Re p>-1; |arg a|<n]

. exp(ae *)Ei(-ae*)

[Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

140 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

co
-b.k
_ oP y (fae 4 + (k+p) (p(k+1) =
10. 6(x-b)exp(tae*)x
k=0k!(k+p)
< Ei (Fae *) -Ina+5)]

_ f larg al<x)
[rep>0; ihe }]

Ibe l=e> x
Nivti kee ee ees (4)
3(k-1)/2 2k+1, k+l] |a
(20)
A(,1-p) ,Atk, vai
x exptaen) x
Atk,1) ,ACL,-p-v)
x Eicue 4) (Re v>-1; Re p>-l/k; |arg a|<n]

12), deer).x pete!

(2ny3fk-W 7/2
ea (2):
k+l, 2k+l] (k

x/k
A(1,1-p) ,Atk,0)
x exp(ae~ )x
A(k,0) ,A(k,0) , A(,-p-v)
pieae 5) [Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

13. ie) 5c
a TEC hth! (2)
Wek Ch <1) Tt Ae

A(l,-v),1
~HiGcatieen.
0,A(k,0) ,A(,—-p-v)

(Re v>-1; Re a,Re p>0]

is FEF (p) 0,k+/+1 k k

14. (l-e *)*x Vion ee k+l+1, l+1 a

A(l,-v) ,ACk,1),1
xEical=e 2
0,AC, —p-v)

[Re a,Re p>0]

 THE EXPONENTIAL INTEGRAL 141

ror

15. (l-e*)*x x

1, k+l+1 k
k poe
x Ei(-a(e*-1)!/*) x Cust +1 (4)
A(d,v+1),0
(Re v>-1; Re a>0}

Tae,

16. (l-e*)”x Vian (* (ees 2

x
T'(vt+p+l1)

+1+1,l a fk
Ad,1—p),1
<Eiote-1)) x 141, k++] 1k
A(1,v+1),A(k,0) |
[Re a,Re p>0]

de) x
Pek nis. G aheked a)"
3¢(k-1)/2 ~k+l,2k+l) (k
(21)

-x,l/k
A(l,-v)
, A(k,0)
x exp(a(l-e -) )xX
A(k,0) ,A (k,0) aids)
<Eiatt=e
7)" [Re,v>-1; Re p>0; arg a|<nx]

bef k k
kT TL PP) _oh.2tel
18. (1-e *)*x Cay chloe 2k+1, k+l] (a

-x,-l/k
A(1,-v) , A(k, 1) ea
xexp(a(l-e) )x
A(k,1),A(1,-p-v)

~Hitcailae aD [Re v>-1-//k; Re p>0; Jarg a|<n}

vkL**?
19. (l-e*)*x (nm a
x
T(v+pt+l1)

aa) ;
vere) x 2k+1,k+l] |a

|
A(l,1—-p).A(k,1),A(k, 1)

x Ei(ate*=1)")
A(i,v+1),A(k,1)

(Re v>-1; Re p>-l/k; |arg a|<n]

142 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

v+p

20. (1-e“)"x SPUR

(27)
EES LER T(v+p+l1)
Bae

ceroate Mn xo
k

¥ A(l,1—p) ,A(k,0)
x Ei(-a(e*-1) “5
A(l,v+1),A(k,0)
,A (k,0)

[Re v>l/k-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<nx)

3.4.4. Ei(tax) and trigonometric functions

sin bx ip easy!
1. Ei(—ax) -—L, i 1(pra) *b" 5
cos bx p a5 ad

Pp
+ {|arctan fi
|

[b,Re(p+a)>0; |arg a|<n]

sin bx b | PRR?
I. Ei(ax) ae I 5 In “pray sb” ee
cos bx PPPs tp
p
+ (3arctan oa

[b>0; Re p>a>0]

3.4.5. Ei(tax) and the logarithmic function

a
1. In x Ei(-ax) us| ancp+a)+Coin{ 1+ Dir?
5 | a Er LR el
0585:

[Re(p+a)>0; |arg a|<x]

2. In x Ei(ax) ok Lial4 + In? $+ in” (Cp-Ca) -

3
- In? (Ca) + +
[Re p>a>0]
 THE EXPONENTIAL INTEGRAL 143

n
3. x"In"x Ei(—ax) adie [toto [per 1 w}]
pe (pray*! pt+a’

[Re v>-1; Re(p+a)>0; |arg a|<n]

4. xIn
x Ei(-ax) aerate " [In(p+a) — p(v+1)] x
pta

xo( 525.101] +o[e,

gav+t)}

[Re v>-1; Re(p+a)>0; |arg a|<n]

n k
5. x"In
4 xEi(-ax)
1 nt [in(i + PB
eh y Anee
oe |x
Pp k=]
ui 1

x [ec
+ In(p+a) -
bit i +

Ve em 2,n+1
(pta)"*! Gz :
[Re(p+a)>0; ‘|arg a|<n]

6.e + [Ei(-ax) -In(ax) -C) ee

2\ Pp
[Re(p+a)>0; |arg a|<n)

3.4.6. Products of Ei(tax) and the power function

2
Va:
1. x Ei(-—ax) Ei(ax)
d vere 3,3] a
otis;
a Pp

1,1/2,
(v+1) /2, (v+3) /2

(v+1)/2, (v+1)/2, (v+1) /2,1+v/2

[Re v>-1, Re p>0; larg a|<x]

144 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

}+
2
iDee : n! e : a eG fae ees
2. x Ei(—ax) Ei(—bx) reeks 6 =u,|5 5 | ine

+Inalnb—- In?(p+a+b) oF [inpay =

k
=a |=pratt, [incoesy —

[Re(pt+a+b)>0; |arg a|,|arg b|<n]

3.5. THE SINE si(z), Si(z) AND COSINE ci(z) INTEGRALS

3.5.1. si(ax hen Sitax”*), citax!” and the power function

1
Notation: 6 =
0

si(ax) 1 arctan(p/a)
1. =
ci(ax) P (nliiep aa

[a,Re p>0]

2. Si(ax) F arccot 2

[a,Re p>0]
 THE SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 145

a. si(ax) Tiv42 sin(vn/2)

4 Bs
> = 5 x
ci(ax) (v+2)a cos (v1/2)

v/2+1,v/2+1,(v+3) /2 x

a Bw dk wep ela"

5 Piv+l)_
cos (vx/2) y,
(v+l)a” sin(v1/2)

ees a
Sune
1/2, (v+3)/2; -p?/a?
[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

a
4. X si(ax) <a
SP Ls 2 Z arctan 4
p(p° +a’) 3a
[a,Re p>0]

- xX ci(ax)

1/2
2
. Wx si(ax) ae Pe A Ml Cece. name
2 #4
Desa tp

. Vx ci(ax) p

{a,ke p>OJ

|I a
. —si(ax) = | arco —————
p
pr+a?+p
[a,Re p>0)
146 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

9. — I ci(ax) = a arccosh
D {p?+a?+p
F
x
[a,Re p>0)

10. 6(b-x)si(ax) 51 46 si (ab) + n — 2 arctan 5 =

-i Ei(—bptiab)+i Ei(—bp—iab)]
[a,b>0]

Teer Tale ef citady MiniizpeasD +

+ Ei(-bpt+iab) + Ei(—bp-iab)]
[a,b>0]

12, sas’ -PE-s(4a]] 2 -<(éa)]}

{a,Re p>0]

13. si(aVvx) Sey

Dp 2Vp

[Re p>0]

si(aVvx) aot? 5
ida See foe reese r[v+5+2] x
Clee 2p trots 2542711426) 2
1,6/2+1,v+6 /2+2;-a”/ (4p)
3.3
2,6/24+2,3/2+6 “f

a
5 6
zi> eee r{v+5+i] [25+c1-6) x
. 2 6x1
x [2c+v0+D-+In 2] = v+l
T+)
uy)
[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

15. lees
ye Ht22 Ei(-45]
eM a
{a,Re p>0}
 THE SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 147

si v+1/2_ -v-1 2k
16. x4 (ax?) as wires cme Nd (zz) S
ci 2V2k (20)
1)}A(1,-v),1 |

0,A(k, 5/2) ,A(k, 1-6) /2)

[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

si(a/x) 2 kei (2V ap)

17. ae
ci(a/x) P lker(2Vap)
[a,Re p>0]

si v+1/2_ -v-1 2k
18. x") (ax) a= FT2-1 ee ve eB *
ci 2V2k(2n) :

i pe eee ee

0
[Re v>-1+//k; a,Re p>0]

3.5.2. si(f(e*)}, Siff(e)), ci(f(e

)). and the exponential function

]
Notation: 6 =
0

si si(a) -p sin(px/2)
1.2 (ae) ; -42 rip) s
ci P \ci(a) E cos (p1/2)

[a,Re p>0]

si si(a) p{S(a,-p)
2. 4 (ae*) : + :
ci P ci(a) C(a,-—p)

[a>0; Re p>-1]
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2k
vn Gh! (5
. (Ee Dex ee
at Tei) l+1 esl ak
2k

ACL wp) rat

si —lx/{2k)
x (ae )
ci 0, Atk, 6/2) ,A(k, (1-6) /2) AU, -p-v)
[Re v>-1; a@,Re p>0]

Lr
reon ots 28
2k
. d=es)x
2Vvk j

Si A(L,1-p) , A(k,1-8/2),1,A(k, 1+8)/2)

x (ael*! (2k))

ci OFAC paw)

(Re v>-1; a>0; Re p>-Il/(2k)]

k
vm »-p k+1,l a 2
U=e) X icDVE. PP) Gi ket (s|
A(l,-v)
. aioe -x/2K),
Ci 0,A(K, 5/2), A(k, (1-8) /2) AC, -p-v)
‘(Re v>-1; a@,Re p>0]

vn —p 0,4+/ +1 2k at
: (d-e")" x . VE. rt]

xd (aake Satie] A(L,-v) ,A(k, 1-6/2) ,1,A(k, (1+8) /2)

ci 0,A(1,-p-v)

[Re v>-1-//(2k); a,Re p>0]

gerr
x
VIE (2a) |) 3! MP psy 41)
x Girkttsl (24)
2k! A(,1—p),1,
2k+1+1 ,1+1 a
A(l,v+1),0

eee

{Re v>-1; a>0; Re p>-//(2k)]

 THE SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 149

Bees fo
8. (1-e ) x b-0 2: rane ET 5 i Be

2V2k(2n) Tr(p+v+1)

si x -l/ (2k) k+l+1,1 a 2k Ad,1-p),1,

A ci lete =) } XGis1 aks | (DE

, A(i,v+1),0

Br dae

{Re v>-1-//(2k); a,Re p>0)

+1/k
Sco: 3S1(aXme un); cian and hyperbolic functions

Notation: u(p,6) = - PEW+2) _ cog e580

)H
2(v+2)a"*?
2
x Ff (Sg BINS)
>AAYt25- ish)+E r(v+1) sin. (v-5)
M581 0x
cP R 9) ge 2 a? mere yae™ 2

2
Vere Vite vies lenvt7 Omg
| ROPE BEG To E |

sinh bx i
1. si(ax) -3| 1 arctan = 15 arctanP*4|
cosh bx P o P ’
[a>0; Re p>|Re 5|)

sinh bx 1 1 aR Te)
De ci(ax) mileeee 1+(p-b)°/a’™ ¥
cosh bx ag
2 2
toh ind 1+ (p+5) /a |

[a>0; Re p>|Re }}]

sinh bx
3. x” si(ax) u(p-b,1) + u(p+b,1)
cosh bx
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Re 5|)
150 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

" sinh bx
4.x ci (ax) u(p—b,0) + u(p+6,0)
cosh bx
(Re v>-(3+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Re 5|)}

sinh bx
a 1
we B3 si(ax) +

cosh bx Aliph)
[(pob)” +a]
2

z
+ a
1 +

(p+b) |

1 Dao p+b
+
5 [arctan q+ arctan A
3a
[a>0; Re p>|Re b|

sinh bx
1
as 1 =~ 1 a.
6. x ci(ax)
cosh bx eee eae
Zz
Hosea2 |:
2

ali ep
(p-b) a
Zz
1

(p+b)4% a

[a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

1/2
sinh bx
1. vx. si(ax) fz 1 poh) nes is
cosh bx
8) p-b 2 w
(p-b) 2a

1/2
Ly=ts|ta |e
—7%
(p+b)*+a?

a
=n
Leet es

= arccos
(pepe 1 (p+b) tae tepes
[a>0; Re p>|Re 6]
 THE SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 151

1/2
sinh bx
8. vx. ci(ax) 1x 1 | (p-b)? ie 6 ik b es
8)p-b i
cosh bx Cp =b)y.2 at
5 5} 1/2
el f (p+b) +a“+p+b vn
* P
p+ (pt+b)
Oe
“+a
ore

xf hac ( 6) = = b

| Bie) ea a
+p
arccosh
(p+b) Bye

[a>0; Re p>|Re |]

Vu ] a =
65 = arccos .
oe LC peby
aa oped

jail iearccos —— |
pee 1 (ptb) 7 +a7+p+b
[a>0; Re p>|Re b|)}

arccosh ( b) = = ers
vp-b

d (p+b) es
+ arccosh
a
¥p+b
[a>0; Re p>|Re 5})

ll. 6(c-x)
sinh bx

cosh bx
|. a:
2(p?-b*) 1peee
b
Ae1 [zen (ac)+

X si(ax) + 2 arctan ae + i Ei(—cp+be+iac) —

Rite
Sy i Ei(-cp+be uaeia) +aol -cp-be x
ah [ze

;
X si(ac) a ie
+ 2 arctan rEg

+ i Ei(—cp—bc+iac) -i Bi(-ep-be-iac)] }

[a,b,c>0]}
TS2 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh dx \ 1
125 O6(c—x) x ae [Bicep+be-tiae) + Ei(-cp+bc-iac) -
lp '
cosh bx
X ci(ax) ~ 26 “ci(ac) = In [ Pay =42)
hart )Tes}]+
a
EiC-ep-beriac = Ei(-cp—be-iac) -
+ pap |

-cp-be . (pt+b) 2
—2e ci(ac) — In} 1 + He
a
[a,b,c>0]

of sinh bx

jes TEE Blase 2 2\42

peste
cosh bx 4a

4a 4a’
[a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

sinh bx Tos 30 toe) a ] a

14. si(av x) |e | }* erte| }]
cosh bx ol la 2Vv pay 2v
[a>0; Re p>|Re d|]

_yy5{Sinh bx 2 2
15. xy x ee Bi(- 72-757
p [p+d
Bi|-gSaa5
p+
a5}|
cosh bx Vvp—b
x ci(avx) {a>0; Re p>|Re
b|]

sinh bx a “ihe
16. . si($] pup kei2Vap--a DE Sree:
B kei(2Vap+ab)
cosh bx
[a>0; Re p>|Re 5|]}

sinh bx
i; ci Ee p ker(2Vap- abyt osp ker(2V¥ap+ab)
cosh bx} \*
[a>0; Re p>|Re b|]
 THE SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 153

+1/k
3.5.4. si(ax), cilax ) and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.5.3

sin bx
1. Si (ax)
a
Acai
ce p-iba ra

cos bx

sages
fara LISA
(i2M
a ]-
ee

p 2 2
- -—j—|¥4 Geatcatby
2(p? -b“) b pAb bs
b
ste |fri PS]
p a -b =p
{a>0; Re p>|Im 5|}

sin bx l -
De ci(ax) HL = ituiotes Sey eilg? L
p-ib
cos bx

p+ib
I Inf1+ (p+ib) ?/a"| =

P
-—_1—_|+ arclan 222 -
2p ith OL |b P Fao)

cal b | (pita Bb woth pa

21, . a
4
[a>0; Re p>|Im }]]

sin bx i
35x" si (ax) [u(p+ib,1) # u(p-ib,1))
cos bx 1
(Re v>-(3+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Im 5]

sin bx i
4. x” ci (ax) {foro =a
cos bx l
(Re v>-(3+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Im 5}
154 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx a i 1 =
5. | hs
(ax) 2 : ; Pe)
cos bx 1) |(p+ib) ((pt+ib) +a’)
i
1
ng (p-i6b) [(p-itb)
Ty +a Be
|]
ey 1S
Saal
x

x [arctanptee F arctan ea | =

= a ae a lel a se : A ao x

(p24?) (Cp +aacbe) +4 bap

a’b—b+3bp- 1 Inc
x —

a’p-3b* p+p° 3a? arctan D

iCal (Cp +( a+b) Vf tp +€a-b)»),

D=2ap/ (a’-b’-p’); a>0; Re p>|Im 5}]

6, sin bx

cos bx
fon folele sce at = ngs arch eg ae
ANT Geb cas pth) eae

ellis i pares2a 5 in(12ti ‘

#tb)
2
bd|=
AG DetaeeD>) a

: z
ee
(p-ib) a

1 2bp

(p? +a? bt) 4b p- p’+a’-b"

bp In A-(p2-b?)B
2(p7+b7) 7 |(p?-b?) InvA+2pbB
[A=( (p'+a-0’)"+46’p’) /a*, B=arctan(2bp) / (p'+a’-b’);
a>0; Re p>|Im b}]
 THE SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 155

sin bx |PISO ee) af2

7. “4 si(ax) i — =P
1(pid)
ES) *+a?-
eee p tot
cos bx BALD ca
(pt+ib)
t tae

5 1/2
a5 ary [ease +a ae |.
(p-ib) cea?

“Alten
X arccos a
| (p+ib) ee

ce thats ee g
Sy BA ail preg aea
(p-ib)“+a“+p-ib
[a>0; Re p>|Im d]]

: 1/2
8. vx sin bx ix) i A
LT(ptib)
(pti
ip+id) 4a
“+a*+pt
24a".+ idb
p+t z
cos bx pets arr
(pt+ib) rae
1/2
walt p-ib) * +a|
ih
tne id).

fi,
[ : 2 2 ;
sAarttosh “(prib) +a +prib +

a ccock
Ee
(p-ib)
re
+a
ee
+p-ib
* 3/2
(p-ib) z
[a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

sin bx i
—
9. da ftom me | l actos
¥x (cos bx I} [¥ptib Liptepe ea leps th

= ——————
Vp-ib WB) 4ee pAid
[a>0; Re p>|Im 5}]
156 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx i
10. 2 i(ax) ue x
¥x\cos bx 1

" 2 2 :
«| 1 arccosh (P+ib) ad +ptibs
pti

ai
+ arccosh:
Tp- ib) 2407 4p-ib
a
vp-ib
[a>0; Re p>|Im 5}]

sin bx b i :
11. 6(c—x) x = °) -4 sa
cos bx 2(p +b )\p 1) \?

5 ; a
X si(ax) xX si(ac) + 2 arctan p+ib +

+ i Ei(-cp+iac—ibc) - i Ei(-cp-iacibe)| +

pod [2<+105 (ac) + 2 arctan —4_ =

p-ib p-ib

+ i Ei(—cpt+iactibc) -i Bi(-ep-iactibe) }

[a,b,c>0]

sin bx 1 i 1
12. O(c—x) x pare |Bi-eptiae—ibe) aa
cos bx 4 1) ee" b

X ci(ax) + Ei(-cp-iac—ibc) - 2e “tbe i (ac) -

; 2
Sint ee) |e
a

SHe4|
+o-ib [Bicep +iac-ibey + Ei(—cp—iact+ibc) —
pee
— 26 Pi (ac) - in{1ESAS oe S2 ) }]}
a
[a,b,c>0]
 THE SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 157

sin bx
13. si(ax’) - | (ost)
LG Late
a DiesV's
cos bx

Sui firey } 2\72

2 4a
[a>0; Re p>|Im
b{]

are
ae | a

[a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]}

sin bx i 2
15. x? x ee = Ei Eoes ,
cos bx 1) lWp+ib P

x cilavx) +

[a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

i
\[peavaapt+iab)#F
1

+ op kei2Vap- i ab)

[a>0; Re p>|Im 5]

1
Alesp kerQVaptiab )+
1

+ orp kerQVap-iab)]

[a>0; Re p>|Im b|]

158 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin ax sec(vn/2) A
18. x” i(ax)F + MPTv4?) Ss poe
COS ax 2 csc(v1/2)

_ {cos ax) — 3. 2 AT CPW) csc(va/2) > Rad

Ny bed beer babs vel 7a a ant.
sin ax a 2a sec(vn/2)

1 2 6-2_1-v-6
Vv
ath:
oe
Fe +a “p ’ T(v+6-1) x
a

[Re
v>-1l; a,Re p>0; of,

1/2
19 giz, [Sees inde +a?+2p
2A 2 a
4p +a
sin(ax/2)
x i(ax)+ [a,Re p>0]
cos (ax/2)

cos (ax/2)
z= Si(ax)
sin(ax/2)

20 Paes tex (-$5] [>erti( Z )-8i(35)

I, Pl 4p te 4p
x [cos aVx ci(avx) + [Re p>0; |arg a|<z]

+ sinavx si(avx)]

2 2
1/2 it nu _a fa
IAS Ber TSK 113 exp irlE lap)

xX [cos av x ci(av x) + [Re p>0; |arg.a|<n]

+ sin aVx Si(aVx)]

 THE SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 159

ae
nu tas) \..(-a5
JB cxo[ l6p }ei(+4)

X [cidaWx)+ci(bVx)]+ [Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

+ sin Bs2x x

xX [Si(bVx)FSi(a¥x)]

avers es S2ril, Wit) Pa oe

TF any Bet TD kel 3k 2k x

l
if A(l,-v) , A(k, (L£1) /4)
a (;] A(k,0) ,A (kK, £1) /4) ,A(k, 1/2)
cos
+ (axl! 2), x
[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]
sin

x sitax!/ 2)

3.5.5. si(ax™'), Si(ax*!), the exponential and trigonometric functions

x sin u_
1. x 3/2 ,lx x
fe exp(—u,) ci(2u,) +
cos u_

COS U_
x iE Joon + +| Si(Qu,)| +
fe)
ato)
—a“
=
—.Ns sin u
———<
es

cos Sin uw
- (4) Si(ax) + exp(u,) Ei(—2u,)
sin COS U_

[u,-v b/2A4p Phe a : +2p; a,Re b>0; Re p>0]

160 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

a +

COs, A sinv_
x Gi) + exp(v.) Ei(—2v,)
i) * * (cos v_ :

[v,-v p/ zd Parra ? +26); a,Re p>0; Re b>0]

3.5.6. ci(ax) and the logarithmic function

2
Hee Le a
1 5 lei(ax) -In(ax) —C] 7 Li, ‘i=

{a,Re p>0]

3.5.7. Products of sie and eURs

; /2 -v=1 2k
v2 RDA! fame ap 3k+1 k+l a
1. x [si (ax ee VEE (any Dba tT BH? Thole 3k 2h]

L|A(1,-v) ,A(k,0),1
+ ean) x [4]
0,A(kK,0), A(K, 0), A(k, 1/2)
[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

3.6. THE HYPERBOLIC SINE shi(z) AND COSINE chi(z) INTEGRALS

3.6.1. shi(ax!”* , chi(ax!/*) and the power function

1 ee 1 {In[@+a)/(p-a))
- Sni(ax

2P \in{(atp)/(a-p)]

frrinen. {iii a\<

 THE HYPERBOLIC SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 161

1 (Inta?/(p*-a))
2. chi(ax)
2p In [a’*/(a’-p’)]

[remiss {estat
3. x'shi(ax) ae
a
P42), edWe
li lee
§pSee 3ee) 3; a;
eee ae

[Re v>-2; Re p>|Re al; |a\<|p|])

4. x‘chi(ax) a*T(v+3) 1, 1,(v+3)/2,v/2+2

tt”? Old, 25h2; B59
“iPtaint sp
Peed 9,
v+1
[ec
+ pvt) - in?|

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Rea|; |al<|p|]

2
. shi(ax) ; Reve cos’ (vi/2)
5. xX
chi(ax) Gears sin?(vx/2)

(v+1)/2, (v+1)/2,v/2+1
we eee A dae Le
> APs) [2 plan i Piz
(v+2)a
2p

sin?(vx/2) v/2+1,v/2+1, (v+3)/2

x F
cos?(v/2) ae 3/2, v/2+2; p’/a’
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Real|; |a|>|pl|)

2a(9p‘-8a’ *+3a°), 3 i conceal

6. xshi(ax)
ee (poate 4|in{(at+p)/(a-p)]

emits (a
Pp

a\<

277.2 2k

7. x>chi(ax) hig teat ’+3a°. 3. [lar e -2))

B Gp Pare p4 In{a/(a?-p’)]

[re
p>|Real, ear
162 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Za 2 In[(p+a)/(p-a)]
8. x’shi(ax) 2a(2p —a), L.
Pm CP tO) p~ \In[(a+p)/(a—p)]

[remine at. {leisieih) a\<|P|

ye ie:
As 3p2— a2 1 Infa’/(p -a’)]
9. x chi(ax) aca 3 at
eee 3 Eee
P Cpraa #) p~ \In{a’/(a’-p’))

[remine, {letciri}

-s 1 In[(p+a) /(p—a)]
10. x shi(ax) ETON )
p(p°-a’) 2p \In{(atp)/(a-p))}

eines. {is a\<

2)
ees 1 1 In[a /(p’-a’)}
- x chi(ax) ar 5 re Wee
p -a 2p \In[a“/(a’-p’))

[Repire at {ive
la|<|pl

mec shi (ax) Ire

okoor
((@) se a

[Re p>|Re a]; |a|<|p|]

; 2
13, Shitax) a Tei as ie
3 = a | Sle

[Re p>|Re al; |a|>|p|]

 THE HYPERBOLIC SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 163

. shi(av x) git? 6
14. x Se ye
chi(avx) Aesop 8! 2 2
(1, 6/241, v+8/2+2; ap '/4
3° 2 6+3/2, 6/2+2
t

6
a 6 1
a6 prrelae2 r[v+5+1] [sa-s) [crpvo+n ts

+ in(72)}]
vp.
[rev>-6/2-1; Re p>0; |arg al<n; {5}

pear chi (avx)

alate)
L[a -{a
2
;

[Re p>0; |jarg a|<nx]

eapy ee ey? pale fi (3) x

shi l AES—Vi hk
1 2), ACK)
sdf tax’ x (5
chi P A(k, 5/2), A(k,5/2), Ak, (1-5)/2),

PON
[2 Re v>-1-/6/(2k); Re p>0;|arg a|<n; {ih

3.6.2. shi(f(e*)), chi(f(e)) and the exponential function

be ran
Notation: 6-{5}

shi(ae*) ps3 Dia l-p/2, 1/2, 1

1. -x Z G,'s 4 §/2,5/2, (1-5) /2, (1-6) /2,-p/2
chi(ae -)

[Re p>-(1+1)/2]
164 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

6+2

2 e140) x 4 [v+1, ers) x

4(6+2) (1426)

shi(ae *) 1, 6/2+1, (p+5)/2+1; a7/4

x a x Fy oh
chi(ae ~) 2, 6+3/2, 6/2+2, (p+5)/2+v+2

6
+ = B [252.v+1] [s+a-6) [iary (5) =

3 5¥(5+v1}+c}]
[Re v>-1; Re p>-6]

peony (Ds ae eRe [.

4VTED*! 2kelskel|?

. shi
(ae!) 2 (Fz2k A(l,1—p), A(k,1/2),
chi A(k,5/2), A(k,6/2),

Atk,1)

Atk, (1-8)/2), Atk, (1-6) /2), eal

[Re v>-1; Re p>-/6/(2k)}

SUE Welk Boy atx

4. (l-e”)’x
4vTEL? 2klke|
shi
XS t/(2K) LS
2k
A(l,-v), A(k,1/2),

fe Sy’ } @ (27) A(k,6/2), A(k,6/2),

A(k,1)

A(k, (1-5) /2),A(k, (1-8) /2), es

(Re v>-1-/5/ (2k); Re p>0]

 THE HYPERBOLIC SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 165

3.6.3. shi(ax'’, chitax!/*) and hyperbolic functions

if 1 (inb@t+a-4)/(p-a-5))
1. sinh bx shi(ax)
41? lint(a-b+p)/(a+b-p)]
1 (In[(p+atb)/(p-a+5)]
P+? lin((a+b+p)/(a-b-p)]

[rimecrimest {isinsttna
1 (inl@+a-6)/(p-a-5)] +
2. cosh bx shi(ax)
P~ lin t(a-b+p)/(atb-p)]
a|—

+
1 (In[(p+atb)/(p-a+d)]
)]
(eek. In[(at+b+p)/(a-b-p

[rimearemen. {iia
ined In[a’/((p-b) *-a’))
3. sinh bx chi(ax)
4) P-9|infa?/(a?-(p-)))]
1 Infa*/((p+b) ?-a’))
ee In{a2/(a?-(p+b)”))

[eisec re a
me {i ra n}
1p-b

‘ian: (a2/((p-b) ?-a")]

4. cosh bx chi(ax) S +
452 lah atta’ -(p-8)))
In{a2/((p+b) ?-a’))
+

P+8) 10 fa?/(a?-(p+b)*))
a|<|p+6|,|p-0
[Rep> ine ai+iReb|, {sapere
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

+u,(-5%5]]
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|,|a|<|p+b|,|p-6)]

1 sinh bx
: shi(ax)
Paella)
vue) (44)
cosh bx

{Re p>|Re a|+|Re 6|,|a|>|p+b|,|p-6)]

‘ JL tsinh ax-shi(ax)]
x sals)-us-3) 4
[Re p>|Re
a|]

2
: 4 tsinh ax-—shi(ax)] p_|3a,a
-p’ ), pta_j; (4), 1,
x “4 rp? p-a 2\p 2
p
[Re p>|Re
a}]

sinh bx
]
friars)
V¥x|cosh bx

[Re p>|Re |; |arg a|<n]

(-14¥1)/4
10. x x

‘|
sinh avVx
fiers [Re p>0; larg a|<n]
cosh aVx

|
cosh avx
i aa
+

sinhavx
 THE HYPERBOLIC SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS 167

3.6.4. shi(ax!/*), chi(ax!/*y and trigonometric functions

Notation: = arg (p’-a?+b"+2abi) ;

p= arg(p--a’-b’—2bpi)

1. sin bx shi(ax) —t—_|o1n ipranee + re

4(p +b") (p-a@) +b? |

Ja|<|p+ib|,|p-ib |
Re
pA
p>|Re a|+|Im d|,
Pec aces
; :

2. cos bx shi(ax) —_t—|p in (44) +b” 5 59

4(p +b) (p-a) 2 pe

a|<|p+ib|,|p-ib |
[Reminecision. {ee eoibty

1
3. sin bx chi(ax) ee
2(p*+b’)
a
x on co are
MBSE 2aA, +os|
a

) a|<|p+ib|,|p-ib|
[Remineaisiinbl.{eee ioiy]

4. cos bx chi(ax) eeie x

2(p ite
| 1 ey ee 2a
(DT SG a +4p 6b =
x |pin
a

a|<|p+ib|,|p-id |
[reoineaiviim as.{tehera tobi
168 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1 sin bx P 1fi ‘ a ah eee

ay aeee shi (ax) 411 Li, prib Li, p+ib =

z eas} “ ui,(>775)
[|a|<|p+ib|,|p-ib|; Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

1 {Sin dx x7 {0 li , 4+ib) 22 (= p+ib)

6. a 66 shi (ax) mR aecnee eerie) teSollee a)
~1: (p-ib +42 petD
* Li,| a )#u,( - }]

[|a|>|p+ib|,|p-ib|; Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

sindx) | : 2
7.4 chi(aVx) at l [EiCreceed| - ni]5
¥x cos bx ¥pt+ib P

= E(aptars) -
23
;
Vp-ib . 4p-4i6

[Re p>|Im b|; |arg a|<zx]

3.6.5. chi(ax) and the logarithmic function

I + [chi(ax) -In(ax)-C] qli

[Re p>|Rea|; |al<|p|]J

2. +{chi(ax)-In (ax) -C] x

[Re p>|Rea|; |a|>|p}]

 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 169

3.7. THE ERROR FUNCTIONS erf(z), erfc(z), AND erfi(z)

3.7.1. The error functions of ax +6 and the power function

erf (ax) 0 2
1. 2 + exp oy erte(55]
erfc (ax) Py\\y 4a

Re p>0; |arga|<n/4
jarg a|<n/4

‘ e erf (ax) “ T(v/2+1) .

erfc (ax) (v+l)v¥nav*!

(v+1)/2,v/2+1; a’p’/4
cm
721 1/2, (v+3)/2
~ Pv /2+3/2)
py
(v2) Vana.

v/2+1, (v+3)/2; a °p’/4

2713/9 /942
eS
GO] =p™

ie v>-2; Re fai larg aica/s]

Re v>-1

erf (ax) ol nt ~ Un! k-n

| | (hats FS ate x
\erfc (ax)

x exp ap
Sa"
Dee
k-n-1
pT
(
Via

Re p>0; |arga|<n/4
|arga|<n/4
170 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

erf(ax) 2 2 2¥2 2
4. x ae exp) erfc ee +
Dae 2
erfc (ax) 2a p 4a 2a

z 1 wu 0
Yap p? 1

Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4

jarg a|<n/4

anti hoe - 2 F,[} 13.3.

2
5. +erflax)
: 4a ¥na
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

erf (ax) erf (ab)

6. 8(b-x) 30 UN aL rs
erfc (ax) Le P erfc (ab)

erf [a+]
a

erf(ax+b) )/ 1 erf (5)

7: i
erfc(ax+b) P |erfc(b)

Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4

jarg a|<n/4

fae: erf(ax+b) ni [ertd) ae ied bn

3 x ; +(-1) —|=x
erfc(ax+b) (ae erfc (5) dp" P

p?+4abp
xX exp ) erfc (+45)
4a a
Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4
jarg a|<n/4
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 171

3.7.2. The error functions of ax!!k +b

. ee aE ¥: |
erfc(avx) Pp 1 Pee

Re p,Re (p+a’)>0

2
Re (p+a )>0

a
2. erfi(avx) ir
pd p-a*
[Re p,Re(p-a’)>0]

erf(aVx+6b) 1/0 |
3. +—Jerf(aVWb) +
erfc(aVx+) Clay 2
bp
$122 — rice op)
ee ee

Re p,Re (pta’)>0

Re (p+a’)>0

erf(avx)
4. x" erfc(avx)
=
elie
¥up
2
1 g) aye a O| T(v+l1)
‘oe Geaeas : _ - (| vad

[Recpeat>o, ibsae meeet |

a -2v-2 3
5. x erfc(avx) Sa r{ve3] x
(vt+1l) vn

xP, [vee 3425.sv+2; 129za)

[Re v>-1; Re(p+a’) >0)

172 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

ie erf(avx ) ( s Lyn!
m !
{of+ nmem ‘jes
1
6. x
erfc(avx) P : “ pta?

Re p,Re (p+a’) >0

2
Re (p+a )>0

7 nile erf(av'x ) Ci) gt a) |~!

—, | ~ aretan ke
erfc(avx) vx dp |vp vp.

Re p,Re (p+a’)>0

2
Re (pt+a )>0

ve erf(avx )
82 Xe + : 21E aan 22
erfc(av
x) ae pta vp

p> /2
1

Re p,Re (p+a” )>0

Re (p+a” )»>0

9. eS ceive)

erf(avx)
10. x i/2
erfc(avx)

Re p,Re (p+a’)>0

2
Re (p+a )>0
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 173

ieee derfiry Lj, ete

¥vanp vp-a

{Re p,Re(p-a’)>0]

: | 2
12. + ert(avx) Prgeel
cce Maoh
a
[Re p,Re(p+a’)>0]

13. erfi(aVx) 2 arcsin —*

Vp
(Re p,Re(p-a’)>0]

2
14. erf(avx+b)terf(avx—5) 20 erf(b) + —24— exp ey x
Ply - wo pta

1
x
ie pta |
(Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

erf(avx+b) n
15. x" Of mts 1" | ert +
erfc(avx+b) 1) p ape it

te g exp
be?
-2 2, oe —————
ab
, a pta Ay

[Re p>0; |arg a|<x/4]

he) 2
16. x[erf(aVvx+b) + HSS [ira = F(1-2b px
PeUpta.)
2
+ erf(avx-5)] x wav?" exp] — bop
pta
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]
174 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

4
a? ae a‘
17. erf(avx) avap>!? exP($5] ate
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

Sige RON EG: -v-1

V9) ee) eee x
(k+1-1)/2
(20)
veght: 148 (e) ayy iy Be
PURE TAP IER eae
[re>-1-6//(2k); Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4; =i

3.7.3. The error functions of ak or of aVx

+ b/Vx

file + = reyx
v+l
p Vip
Wx -a’p’/4
x \F, sie
3/2,1-v/2, (i-v)/2

Soa CaP
¥n(v+l1)
v+]1

Pi a
+
[oie |
1/2 ,v/2+1, (v+3)/2

. que r(- “5H .

vn (v+2) 2

v/2+1;. *ei-a"p?/4
N °13/2 \wf2+2, 43)/2
Re v>-1; Re p>0
c a|<n/4, 1 p>0 }]
THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 175

+—4 5 [Zoe +
Vat Mea (Et?
+p(-4-b -2in Gap)All|ap5)
2k
See = ye

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

(Qe
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4)

+ 2a (v+1/2) cot
Vain HEPA 12|
rR]
— bo vi ap)
nNl—

as
q?**?r-v-1/2))
¥n(v+l1)
2
Xx if> [vetive2.ve$: a | +

e O[T (v+1)
1 po

Re v>-1; Re p>0
[isea|<n/4, bep>0 }]

2 1/4
n! l 7 2la p) x
0 vn

xy 5 Gey n

i
k

k-1/2
au’
k=0
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

176 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

7. eae 44 k av) + 2Vna[K,(2avp) x

15 vn
xL, (2avp) + K, (2aVp)L,(2avp)]
{Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

) -2 Ei(-2avp)
(Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

9. a et| S| fee eae + 2 pEi(-aVp)

2a
(Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

10 x erf (ax) JOP. vie VET Go kel+1-8 (*) (4)

re On ees k+1+1,1 ae p

0 ea

Re v>-1; Re p>0|. . 1
Re p>0 \: jarg a|<n/4, {i}

Whe ert{avx+—?) 7exp|-26d pra?sa| | — 1a

Vx. Fh,
[b,Re p.Re(p+a’)>0]

! ! Diemlyc
12. x"erfc [avxe—) ~. ; Of Cpa
it ay) +2 ) x
Vx. P 1 ¥ap”

eri n rae b? aN

k=0k! pta 2

2)
x [Kanl2 pta )?

#8
oe

pta
—K,,1,[201 +07]
a

2
2

[b,Re p,Re(p+u")>0}
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 177

+
k : 3
3.7.4. The error functions of ax and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6 =
0

ages erf(ax) 0
1. (e&-1) B(p-v,v+1) + 24 B(p-v-1,v+1) Xx
erfc (ax) 1 vn
2
1=p/2,(=p)/2,1/2: —-a
+
X 3f'3 (3+v—-p)/2, (v—-p)/2+1,3/2

re pisti ee
¥n(p-v) 2
-v/2,(1-v)/2, (p-v)/2;-a?
303 4
(p-v)/2+1, (1+p-v)/2, 1/2
p-v+l J
23 dS ee Na }x
vn (p-v+1)

(1-v)/2, 1-v/2, ( l+p-v)/2:-a

23 (p-v)/2+1, (3+p-v) /2,3/2

_ jRe(p-v)>-0; Re v>-1
[iera|<n/4; ineeel }]

2
Zi exp(-a?x”) erf(ax) YO exp mao eiabee
4a 2V2a
[|arg a|<n/4]

1 2
Sh exp(a?x”)erfc(ax) exp -—B nerti(5] =
2avn 4a
2
- Fi $s
4a

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

178 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

292
4. x*exp(—bx’)erf(ax) at (v/2+1) Neuf) teed
ep Pe
arene oy [sdb b =|
be ap v+3
reed 2 x

[Re v>-2; Re b,Re(a’+b)>0)

erfi (ax) tes (1iatporte */da))WRC

Sax cinch}
erfc(ax) 21 1~-v/2, (—v)/2
cot (vi /2)
> s 1 {254} x
2a csc(vx/2)

peeloe p
xa 7 a

ee (3
r{5+1] x
sec (v1/2)

pry ee se;
7 ly; a2

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

ae eG hie 2 2
6. exp(—a?x”) erfi (ax) ak Pry bape 2 | Ei alae
2avn dp 4a 4a
{Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

Ts
co
Lt
[expca’s) erfc(tavx) - ] -2in{1 +]
Vp.
(Re p>0; |arg a|<x/4]
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 179

= T'(v+2) x
Vip v+2

[Re v>-3/2; Re p,Re(pta’)>0}

a Ler ee Le -v-l ©
9. x"exp(Faex!/*) x
(3/2-6) (k-1)+¢€1-1)/2
(20)
erfi 2\k
2 ane (2k), 2k-5k k+l) [
XG on (=) x
erfc
A(1,-v) ,ACk, 3]
x (5)
!
1
P) |A(k,1/2), A(k,0)
[Re v>-1-5//(2k); Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

2
a a
10. exp(- x erfe (4) 24 1H, (2aVp) - Y,(2a¥p)) - 2
x Vp Vp
(Re p>0; |arg a|<x/4)

nea +1

AG Tae aehe
L_,_,(aV¥p) - 1, (Qavp)
x
H_,_,(2aVp) - Y_\_, (2avp)
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

7A
2
1x exn(- ayer &
a
—2- tsin(Qa¥p)ci(2avp) -
x ip
— cos(2aV p)si(2aVp)]
(Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]
180 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2
13. F expr <Jerfc fe n[H,(2avp) - Y,(2avp)]
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

nO VEL Ge Le i i |
14. x"expea’x “4 x x
(Pa ee a elt) f2

erfi ,
XG 2k-mG k“
x lax. eat
2k+1,k
erfc a

1)! A(1,-v) ,A(k,1/2) Atk, 1)

x(5)P) |A¢k,1/2)
[Re v>-1-//(2k); Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

3.7.5. The error functions of e ~ and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6 =
0

erf(a) -p
i¥ <a (25 1 |
P \erfc(a)}) vn
(Re p>-(1+1)/2]

Olena n} 2a,
1 pe (pide va

x EF stepee
nt2, n+212°R 28

eh
hS pry I VILL) deo
pr3-_2
Ta WR

[Re >-(1+1)/2}

as erf(a) +4 Dp (452, a’|

P lerfc(a)) wap

Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4

jarg a|<n/4
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 181

ae
2a B(v+1,p+1) x
vn
1/2,(p+1)/2, p/2+1; Sar
+

29° 3/2,(p+v)/24+1, (pt+v+3) /2

0
+ B(v+l,p)
1
(Re v>-1; Re p>-(1+1)/2]

feeae B[v+1 254) x

vn
1/2,(p+1)/2; -a”
x +

a,
3/2, (p+3)/2+v
0
+ {|ch BR
5)B[v+1.5)

{Re v>-1; Re p>-(1+1)/2]

Gea =e) {
erf
laes ay,CO) | vai(2ny*!?
“ftSeve). rel
1+1,k+1+1
2k
erfc
1 NCAT =p)
<<<

k* |A(k,1/2),0,4(,-p-v)
(Re v>-1; Re p>-6//(2k)]

erf
Te ae yt widen
erfc
1/2,(1-p)/2-v;-a?
ste
X oF

Pp =v, p/2; -a’

22-1152] F, +
i ¢ 71 (pth)
fp /2+1

{ReKey me ai jarg aica/4]

182 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

e
8. a
erf
oon VII YT TP(v+1) 6, kr
ey |
41-8 k
kx
(any */? k+l+1, l+1
eric

A(l,1-p) Pie |

x 7
a 0,A(_, -p-v)

Re v>-1; Re p>0

{iey>-1 : Is argaicas]

-X\v erf -Xx 2a

9. (l-e") [a(l-e ~)] ae B(v+2,p)X
erfc >
1/2,v/2+1,(v+3)/2; -a
x 4F,
+

3/2,
(pt v)/2+1, (ptv+3) /2
0
+ B(v+1,p)
1
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>0]

erf :
IG Mite. (aval-e*) +24 R043 x
erfc vn
1/2,v+3/2; ah
x 2 F, ae
3/2,p+v+3/2
0
+ B(v+1,p)
1
[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>0]

11. d-e*)"x Vole Tp) mel (e)

C22 l+1,k+l+1) [k

erf A(l,-v),1
| cent |
erfc Atk, 1/2) ,0,A(,-p-v)

[Re >-1-8//(2k); Re p>0]

 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS
183
12. (l-e *)’x 21" PTC p) pb,kels1-6( (x)*
(2n)*/2 k+l+1, 1+] 2

|erf cicest eit A(l,-v) »A(k,1/2),1

0,A(/,-p-v)

Re v>-1
[{Roo ;Re p>0 }, larg
aicx/4]

=
vt+p
isan le oyu
(20) Tr I'(v+p+1)
x erf
[a(e*-1) UD MC 4 e 2\k
ee (-]
erfc
;

A(d,1-p),1

A(l,v+1),A(k,1/2),0

Re v>-1;Re p>0
He p>0 ? ;
}. arg aicn/4]

14. (l-e*)’y
yaite®
(2a ie EL}
ou X_1)/ 2k) Got kelsi-a] (k_)*{AGI1-p),
x late-1) ]
erfc i tie 2
a A(l,v+l1),
A(k,1/2),1

[Rev>-1-68// (2k);

Re p>0; |arga|<n/4
Jarg a|<n/4

2-2 ferfi _
15. exp(Fa°e “) (ae *) meme
2a +1.3 p+3
erfc Pr Bs }+
Vm (p+1)
0
ff al La Daegat
Lae (Bets!
[Re p>-(1+1)/2]
184 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

erfi
16. exp(Fa’e"") (ae*)
erfc
Brie Bi of tan(px/2)
+ om IC 9) +
sec (px/2)

0
Bt
Steaua _ Pp.
il fe ee
5°]

[Re p>-1; |arg a|<x/4]

17. dl ~e *)"exp(Fare 7) x + 24 Bist

p+) x
vn 2
erfi S 1, (p+1)/2,p/2+1; +a
x< (ae ~) x F 3/2, (ptv)/2+1, (p+vt3) /2 “
erfc
0
+ B(v+1,p) X
1
p/2, (p+1)/2; a
x F, (p+v+1)
/2, (p+v)/2+1
(Re v>-1; Re p>-(1+1)/2]

18. (-e 2*)"exp(Faze 7) x B(v+1,(pt+1)/2) x

erf a,
x (ae ~)
erfc

-{4
0
1 a(v+18)B vr, (§Brvris?]
zt Pp sae

[Re v>-1; Re p>-(1+1)/2]

Vii” Ret)
19. (1-e"*)"expGeaze x Mitel - PeeLe = ae aw Wa

x
erfi
tae *! ae 2k-8k k+l] (a 2yk
erfc
X Git 2kel (=)
A(,1-p),A(k,1/2)
A(k,1/2),A(k,0) , ACL, —p-v)
[Re v>-1; Re p>-6//(2k)]}
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 185

20. (-e *)"expea7e™/*) x VETS

UP EL)
(3/2-8) (k-1) x
oe Ca)
erfi
, tae a rie (bel
2k+1 k+l 2
erfc a
A(1,1—p),A(k, 1/2) va)
A(k,1/2),A(1,-p-v)
[Re v>-1; Re p>-//(2k); |arg a|<n/4]}]

2
exp(a’/2)
21. exp(a’eerfi(ad 1-e~*) . p+1/2 T'(p) X

2
XM (99) /4,(142p)/4 ?
[Re p>0}

VEL PT (p) .
790 fyaa hae = Gia opneLab
nN (27)

G2k-dks kel aa.

pd exp[Fa7(1 sey x XG. oe | LK

erfi [a(l-e os.son} A(1,-v) ,A(k, 1/2) |

|

A(k, 1/2), A(k,0) ,A@,—-p-v)

(Re v>-1-5//(2k); Re p>0)

Vkl-?T(p) ¥
oer x 1 (3/2-85) (k-1)
nf 2a)
cee, |)
x exp[Fa°(1 ed ee x 2k+1, k+l 2
a

erfi [a(l-e ra x) & ‘| Ail,-v) ,A(k, 1/2), A ed

|
A(k,1/2), A(l,-p-v)
[Re v>-1-//(2k); Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]]
186 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Le TE p+p
24. (l=e >) X =n it x
A (2x) "T(p+pt+l)
k
x explFar(e*-1)/*}
-
x ca eA (5)
1;2k-8k4+l| (k

x
erfi[a(e*-1) } U2) A(1,1—p),A(k,1/2),A(k,1)
erfc A(k,p+1),A(k,1/2)

[@=(3/2-8) (k-1)+/-1; Re v>-1-I/ (2k);

Re p>-15/(2k); |arg a|<n/4]

= ptp
25. (l-e se See ees
Ai (20) °P(pt+pt+l1)
2\k
x exp[Fa(e*—-1)/") x XG Pe |
(4
erfi A(l,1—p),A(k,1/2)
x fate*— 1) }

erfc A(l,p+1),A(k,1/2),A(k,0)

[@: see 3.7.5.24, Re v>-1-//(2k);

Re p>-l/ (2k); |arg a|<n/4)

3.7.6. The error functions and hyperbolic functions

2
Notation: u,(p) = _ on 5
2p

u,(p) = lr((v+3)/2)p Arias: +2;—P 2 I;

42) oa eae be Te

T(v/2+1) v+l1v 1 v+3 p?

aS TSS stl; a, :
ees] 22 Bak ° ya? >

2
=e p_+4acp p>3]‘
u,(p) -Fpo| rep erfc [e+
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 187

u,(P) = : fa + arctan 4 ;
2 |a 3|pta Vp

u,(p) = Eo erf(aVc) + 5
erfe a“ c+pc)
pta

Salty +1/29 Eg
on Begs:
eo Yap t 2 uh bas uA P|ce
2v+2
ee r{-v- 5 es [vetive2.veds “*p)
2V¥n(v+l)

sinh bx
1. erf (ax) uy (p-b) ¥ uy (p+b)
cosh bx
[Re p>|Re b|; |arg a|<n/4)

sinh bx b |
2: erfc (ax) er) mee (p-b) + uy (p+)
cosh bx DD) pia
({|arg a|<n/4]

3 sinh bx
Ayes erf (ax) u 2(p-6) Fu 2 (p+) +
cosh bx
+ EOD (py 1s (pt)
[Re v>-(5+1)/2; Re p>|Re 6]; |arg a|<n/4]

sinh bx
4. x" erfc(ax) — u,(p-b) + u,(p+d)
cosh bx
(Re v>-(3+1)/2; |arg a|<n/4]

sinh bx :
5. 8(c-x) erf (ax) = soy (ais * orf(ac) 4p
cosh bx P

erf [acep-b
5)7]+

e Perf (ac) ¥
2 (pt+b)
2
o 1 (pt+b) p+b
¥ 9 (p+b) or? i? |et{ac Va
188 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh bx) b
6. 8(c—x) erfc(ax) ots <5 Ryo +o orfc(ac) =
cosh bx P|) DP =5
2
Be 1 (p-b) p-b
¥(p—b), o| a2 ert{ac A she

EtsD(p+b)
1 oP orke(ac) +

l (p+)?
exp War AT: ertac+P58]
+b
- 2(pt+b)
a
[c>0)

sinh bx b erie)
Te erf(ax+c) Sra u,(p—b) + u,(p+b)
cosh bx Pp) ep =e
[Re p>|Re bj; |arg a|<n/4]

sinh bx b mr hele)
8. a erfc(ax+c) Re arg - u,(p-) etsu,(p+b)
cosh bx -
[Jarg a|<n/4]

sinh bx 1 1
9, erf(avx) 3 SS See Se ee
cosh bx (pb) pepe: (p+o)4 p+b+a’
[Re p.Re(p+a’)> |Re 5|)

sinh bx b 1 1
10. erfc(avx) gees ———— ee
cosh bx p) p -b Oph Be
P

CpeByA pa bea |

[Re(p+a’)>|Re b\)

sinh bx 3 /
i. x rf(avx) = r{v+3] [oo 2x
cosh bx iT
2
dry 3.0.2 as
alte! si 4

= —~v-3/2 ee Es ae
2
+e i ee (db: =)
[Re v>-2F1/2; Re p,Re(p+a’)>|Re b|]
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 189

12. x
- sinh bx

cosh bx
erfc(avx) ot 8) -2v-2

2(vt+1l)
von
3

x LF[riveen.b=a +

<F 3.049.
iF; frre ptd
i 8]

(Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re(p+a’)>|Re b})

sinh bx
13. en Jetov) u, (p—b) + u ; (p+)
cosh bx
[Re p,Re(p+a’)>|Re b|]

sinh bx
14. a Joc - u,(p-b) + u,(p+b) +
cosh bx
-3/2 —
+ ve/ F w+)?
[Re(p+a’)>|Re bj)

_1/2{Sinh bx
15. x cosh bx
erf(avx) | ____ arctan .a
vn (p-b) V¥(p-b)

= 1
+ ————- arctan —————_
¥n (p+b) ¥(p+b)
[Re p.Re(p+a’)>|Re b\)

_1/2{Sinh bx
16. x erfc(avx) Epod 8ES, EPR St Sa
cosh bx ¥n (p-b) ¥(p-5b)

+ —| —__ arctan +
vn (p+b) V¥(p+b)

+
Vn
Blo
21/2 +— (p+b) -1/2 |

[Re(p+a’)>|Re b})
190 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

n
aes Losinh be erf(avVx)
2Bae n
(aiye
¥n k=0 k)V¥p—nb+2kb
a
X arctan
Vp-nb+2kb
(Re p>n|Re b|; |arg a|<n/4]

1 sinh bx
18. ~ erf(avx) aL 1n {p-b+a7+a21, 4 ptbt+a*+a
cosh bx
2 2
[pe ptaeee ay eee
{Re p,Re(pta’)>|Re b|)

19. cosh b¥x erf(avx)

2 {p?+a"p
[Re p,Re(p ta’)>01

ab
20. xa! sinh bVx erk(avx)
2 me
{Re p,Re(p+a’)>0)

n 2n+1
Dlx. inh bye 2
—2n} 1
iB (-1)
k
x
Demo |k |
x erf(avx)

xX exp
ee
[n-K+5] ae erf}a

{Re p,Re(p+a )>0]

, 2n-2k+1

2 p?+a’p |
22. x! sinhibx

erf(avx)
x
erfc(av¥x)

i Re p, Re(pta-)>0

Re(p+a )>0
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 191

sinh bx
23. erf(aVx+c) u,(p-b) + u.(p+b)
cosh bx
[Re p,Re(p+a’)>|Re 6})

sinh bx b
24. | facie ~ u,(p-b) He u,(p+b) | ; ;
cosh bx Pp) p -—b

[Re(p+a’)>|Re b|)

sinh bx 4 b \ ,
25. aA erf(—4) ~p-b exp(—2av p—b) +
cosh bx x

1
Be exp(—2avV p+b)
p+b
[Re p>|Re b|; |arg a|<n/4)}

iY sinh bx z
26. x i erf (4) u.(p-b) + u(p+6)
cosh bx x
[Re >-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re 6]; |arg a|<n/4]

sinh bx o
29. te erfc eS — up(p-b) + ug (ptb) +
cosh bx x
—-) —
+ PO) ((p-0) = (p+b) ”"}
[Re p>|Re 6]; |arg a|<n/4]

ZOsexX
sinh bx
erf &
A
AW
iid Coie
(p2-b2)?
ae
cosh bx vx.

- itavp-6 exp(-2av¥ p—b) +

2(p—b)

- LbeyVp+s
pte exp(—2aV p+b)
2(p+b)
[Re p>|Re b|; |arg a|<x/4]
192 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh bx ——
29. 4 feoS L+a¥p~ exp 2av p—b)+
2(p-6b)

peGREE Ry exp(-2av p+b)

2(p+b)?
[Re p>|Re
5]; |arg a|<n/4]

; Zz
30. ae yin 22) + Ei(-2a¥p—b) -
— Ei(-2av p+)
[Re p>|Re bj; |arg a|<n/4]

1 sinh bx is
31. A >, exfe(—4) — Ei(-2avV p—b) + Ei(-2aV p+b)
cosh bx x
[Re p>|Re b|; [arg a|<n/4]

sinh bx ais
32. ! erfe{—2] eset L exp(—2avV p—b)+
2
x (cosh bx vx a4

+ l+2a bee exp(—2aWp+b) +

4a
+ (p—b) Ei(—2av p—b) +

+ (p+b) Ei(-2aV p+)

[Re p>|Re 6]; |arg a|<n/4]

sinh bx
33. faves) Baeba,
by exp[-Lye ee bea +a)] x
cosh bx

x —="
1883"

+ Toss expl-2ed p+b+a~+a)] x

1 p+b+a? Py P<
[c>0; Re p,Re(p+a’)>|Re b}]
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 193

sinh bx
34. erf [avz— TOBY
b) exp[-enadig4 b+a 2a) x
cosh bx

x [es ]&
Lye5 872
= 1 2
+ >(prby CxPl-2ct p+b+a‘’-a)] x

b
57 eS 5
re ;
2_»2
ae ed
[c>0; Re p,Re(p+a’)>|Re b|)

3.7.7. The error functions and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.7.6,

law
“ (1(p+a2)? 24

sin bx 1
1 erf (ax) | hi(p+ib) + uy (p-ib)}
cos bx 1
(Re p>|Im 6|; |arg a|<n/4]

sin bx b fl 7
2s erfc(ax)
cos bx p paenbs
i
- [u, (p+ib) + 4 (p-ib)]
1
(Jarg a|<x/4]

sin bx i
Bre erf (ax) |fou Fu 2(p-ib) } we
cos bx 1
+ T(v+1)(p re ane ore
sin[(v+1)q]
x
cos [(v+1)Q]
[ arg(p-ib); Re v>-(5+1)/2;
Re p>|Im b|; |arg a|<n/4]
194 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

: sin bx I
4.x erfc(ax) ~ {fain + u,(p-ib)]
cos bx
(Re v>-(3+1)/2; |arg a|<n/4]

sin bx -cp| ,{OS be sin bc

5. 6(c-x) erf (ax) re, a <
cos bx sin bc cos bc
1 i
x erf(ac) + x
2\1

1 (pera) DitteD
* |+ ib oli aeaae ert
{act Va }*

zachosrs (p-ib)? lacePzit

p-ib Ny 4a2 le ea
[c>0]}

sin bx b cos be
6. 8(c—x) erfc(ax)
a 2 aee +
cos bx p) p +b sin bc

sin bc \ i
+ erfc(ac) — x
cos bc 211
Sher 2
trae]
1 (pt+ib)
2 ert
{act a
pt+ib) 5—

1 (p-ib)?
a
29%EP
ertactP5 )
+ 5-15 XP
[c>0]

sin bx b i
as erf(ax+c) Lae
;f i ) + [u,(p+id) T™
cos bx Pp) p +6 1
+ u,(p-ib) }
[Re p>|Im b|; |arg a|<n/4)

sin bx b i
8. erfc(ax+c) ertete) _ [u,(p+ib) +
(cos bx Pp) p +6 1
+ u,(p-id)
[larg a|<n/4)
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 195

sin bx
a £
9. erf(avx)
cos bx
V2 (p¥atyl
psn ub
[Re p,Re(p+a)>|Im bj)

sin bx
10. erfc(aVx)
cos bx
bu, + pu,

(pea ya (pea
YY +d
[Re(p+a’)>| Im b\}

sin bx i
11. x: erf(avx) 2 r[v+3] (priby >! y¢
cos bx vn 1

( goat ba
2 1 sar etme aa} +

]
z
= -p, v-3/2 fore Oy,
Pe a
+ (p-ib) oF [Beds
p-ib

[Re v>-2¥1/2; Re p,Re(p+a’)>|Im b|)

é sin bx -2v-2 3 1
fee erfc(aVx) EE x
cos dbx 2(v+1l) Vn PE

Ot sin, 2
4 5 frien
| =

a+f fretvedivn 3.9.

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re(p+a’)>|Im 5])
paid
—s
a ]
1/2 sin bx i
13. x erf(avx) {sso + u,(p-ib))
cos bx
[Re p,Re(pta’)>| Im b|)
196 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1/2 sin bx i
14. x erfc(aYx) - [u,(prib) ¥ u,(p-ib)) +
cos bx ]
y vn pd pi ab eb Ep
2v2 (p2+b7) 3/244 p245 24p
[Re(p+a’ )>|Im 5{)

1/2 sin bx 1 i 1 a
15. x erf(aVx) arctan $
cos bx Val} |v¥p+ib ¥p+ib

Fo arcane
Vp-ib Vvp-ib
[Re p,Re(p+a’)>|Im 6}]
_1/2{Sin dx Fea (: \
16. x erfc(avx) - arctan —“— F
cos bx Yul} |vp+ib Vpt+ib

arctan +

¥p-ib I

[Re(p+a’)>| Im b|)

17. x /?sin”
bxerf(avx) an
ia Bat —e
a iG al ats}
vn aed, A psind- 2kib
DEEN | ——
ean
[Re p>n|Im 6]; |arg a|<n/4]

sin bx i | ; 2
iH Jattars AH In Wetibta tas

2\l re re

F In bei
Le ibt+a

ay ra
{Re p,Re(pta’ )>|Im 5]
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 197

19. cos bVx erf(avx)

2
exp b erfi ab
4p 2 Z
24p +a’ p
[Re p,Re(pta’)>0]

2n 2
nf{ad b
Dee | hys ehava) (-1) lec e| -5 x

ab |
X erfi
24 p>+a’p
[Re p,Re(p+a’)>0)

n 2n+1
-2n| 1 n+k
Wan DOS x 2 E (C1) x
pe |k

x erf(avx) x exp [-
["re
Te|hg:
a erfi 1 ee
|
auc2eel)

2 p?+a’p
[Re p,Re(p+a’)>0]

22. sid bYxx |:

erfi a TR re
2
24 p +a’p

erf(avx)
x
erfc(aVx)
2
Re p, Re(pta )>0

Re(p+a’)>0

sin bx i
23. erf(aVvx+c) {if
esiom ¥ u,(p-ib)}
cos bx
[Re p,Re(p+a’)>| 1m b\)
198 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx i
24. jeter - {)} on = u,(p-ib)] +
cos bx

b
+
1
{"Debs
[Re(p+a’)>|Im b]]

aed
sin bx b 1
25.
cos bx p poebs

i
aie exp(-2aV p+i b) +

z 7k exp(-2a¥p=75)|

(Re p>|Im b|; |arg a|<n/4)

i
{|[u,(p+ib) + u(p-ib) ]

[Re >-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im }};

jarg a|<n/4]

i
-|fag + u,(p-ib)] ze
l

a 22 —(v+1)/2
+ T(v+1)(p' +b") x

sin[(v+1)Q]
x
cos [(v+1)g]
[p=arg(p-ib); Re p>|Im 5];
larg al<n/4]
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 199

28. x
sin bx

cos bx
e
ts de
2bp 1

(p?+b7) <

= aoe
eee pats exp(= 2aV p+ib) F
1 (pst by

pop.
ae AWDoelil -2aV p-i b)
2ep-t by"

[Re p>|Im 5]; |arg a|<n/4)

dhaVptib 5 exp(-2av/p+i
b) +
1 Pip+iby-

g ttavpn td exp- 2av p-i

b)
2(p-ib)
[Re p>|Im
6]; |arg a|<n/4]

1
30. x sin bx erf |— —iarg(p-ib) + i Ei(-2aVp+i b) -

- i Ei(-2avp-i 6b)
[Re p>|Im 6]; |arg a|<n/4)

i
31. | |[eicrevon b) + Ei(-2aV p-i B)]
1
(Re p>jIm bj; |arg a|<n/4]

i -
32. EES
YD+1B oxp(-2aVpFib) F
1 4a

oT exp(—2av p-ib)+
4a’

+ (ptib) Ei(—2aVp+i b) F

¥ (p-ib) Ei(-2aV p-i 5]

[Re p>|Im 6]; |arg a|<n/4]

200 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

F
in bx
33. (ee jet(oven) { horses exp[-(ocilipati bea 44-0 x

re

“pea y expl-Poedn -ibt+a 2+4a)] x

b
2 2
I eee PP ae
[c>0; Re p,Re(p+a’)>}Im b|)

sin bx i
34. | fa{ove 2} { We exp[-=a-11 p ub-bor —a)| X

x inn ]$
Ana beet

* 2p-ibyy expl-eae SU b+a’ SO yIPS<

Sy ee ee be 5) he=y
ipetinen: PJ p +0

{c>0; Re p,Re(pta’)>|1m b\)

3.7.8. The error functions and the logarithmic function

-2v-2
1. x’In(6Vx)erf(aVx) ye
a » [»+3) .
¥n(v+1)
afer rq2r*2
x
v+2; Lp/a* (par), *!
2 1/2,v+1
xin Pee |v+2;p(p2 +a )
selP:
2a 2v+2
>
v+l
(v+1) (pt+a’)
1/2,v+1,v+1
SOrr,
PIS v+2,v+2sp (p?+a) |
[Re v>-1; Re p,Re(p+a’)>0; jarg b|<n]
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 201

| 2
2. In(aVx)erfc(avx) or ile megtem
_ Ctin4-2Inatin(pta’)

| ae.

[Re p,Re(p+a’)>0)

3.7.9. erf(ae*), the exponential function and inverse trigonometric

functions

2
arcsin 2 1 1/2,(p+1)/2;-a
He (e *) serf(ae *) are F, =
arccos 0} ? 3/2, (p+3)/2

ns p/2+1
+ a | r x
P (p+3)/2

1/2,(p+1)/2,p/2+1;-a”
3 3137/2, (p+3)/2, (p+3)/2
[Re p>-(3+1)/2]

2
arcsin _ 1 1, (pt+1)/23a
2. exp(a’e*) (e")}x ate F, ¥
. arccos 0} ? 3/2, (p+3)/2

as pa aS|
p/2+1
x erf(ae *) + Tr x
BFS een

1, (pt1) /2, (ptl) /2;a”

3 3
3/2, (p+3)/2, (p+3)/2
[Re p>-(+1)/2]
202 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1/k
3.7.10. Products of the error functions of ax

Notation: A = pta?+b?

1 2
1. erf*(ax) 7) erfc” a
P 4a 2V2a
[Re p>0; |arg a|<x/4]

2: x"erf? (ax)

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

3. erfc?(ax)

nt f
2v2a (2 v2 a )
[|arg a|<n/4]

4. x"erf? (avx) (ij n

tad n
Li See |
I n
d
pri pra
2 pta

[Re p,Re(p+2a)>0]

5. erf(avx)erf(b¥x) | a b
arctan +

np
Lae ree

RU eS Ast |

[Re p,Re(p+a +b’)>0]

6. x ertiavx)erf(b¥x) arctan ab
¥np Avp
[Re p,Re(p+a'+b")>0]
 THE ERROR FUNCTIONS 203

Ix? erhaOebvas 1
—-|a In
b+A
———
at+A
+ 5 In ——— -
vn Py+0? Lace?

— vp arctan
Avp
[Re p,Re(p+a’+b’)>0]

pa Wie a 5
8. x ectetaV mere OV) ——| 5 ~ arctan — - arctan —— +
Lp Vp Vp

+ arctan—“ b
Avp

[Re(p+a’+b’)>0]

4c:
Fee: 1/2,1,v/2+1l;a'/p
9. x'erfi(avx)erf(avx)
ape © 813/4,5/4,3/2
[Re v>-2; Re(p-a’)>0; jarg a|<n/4]

is ld 2
(ap med - 4 jn tS,
10. x"! "erti(avx)erf(avx)
¥n dp \vVp p-a
[Re(p-a’)>0; jarg a|<n/4]

4 4 2
4a 3
11. xerfi(a’x)erf(avx) v+3/2 r[v+3] *
wp

1/2,1,v+3/2; a’p'/4
o 3) 3/4.5/455/2

[Re v>-3/2; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

204 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

12. erf(avx)erfc(b¥x) X 2 @_ srjanieee ag,

mp Ree ad p+a?

x erf(cYx) + —2— arctan —_22— +

p+b? A, p+b?
ab
— arctan
pte? A, pte?

wed p+a?+b +07;

Re p.Re(pta+b'+c) >0)

3.7.11. Products of the error functions of fe~)

re 1/2,1, (p+2)/4; a*/4

1. erfi(ae “)erf(ae*) ——~~— .F
N(P+2) 3 41374 574 3/2, (p+6)/4
[Re p>-2]

2. x erfi(ae *)erf(ae*) roma, elas

n(pt+2)?
bee, (p+2)/4, (p+2)/45 a
45
3/4,5/4,3/2, (p+6) /4, (p+6)/4
[Re p>-2]

a? p+2
3. (1-e 4”)“erfi(ae*) x
1/2,1, (p+2)/4; a?/4
x erf(ae*) 3 4
3/4,5/4, 3/2, (p+6) /4+v
[Re v>-1; Re p>-2]
 THE FRESNEL INTEGRALS 205

4
2
4. (1-e*)"erfi(ad 1-e*) x 4aau B[+3. P|x
4 : 1/2,1,v+3/2; 2
a“/4
water *) «st
3/4,5/4 , 3/2,p+v+3/2
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>0)

3.7.12. The error functions and the exponential integral

2
1. Ei(-bx, )erf(avx) 2 ard pta*+b >
Pp vp+b
_ a indpta? +4 pta*+b

plat +d vb
[Re 5,Re p,Re(p+a'+b) >0)

3.8. THE FRESNEL INTEGRALS S(z) AND C(z)

3.8.1. Staxt!!y; Ciax’» and the power function

1
Notation: 6 =
0

1/2
1.
S (ax) ae]
2p eha?
C(ax)
[a,Re p>0]

; y |5 (ax) feat Arov+6+3/2)

ioe C(ax)
rrr
p
Pave (26+1)
(26+1)/4,
(2v+5) /4,(2v+3) /4+5

3 4) (25+5)/4,5+1/2; ~a?/p”
[Re v>-5-3/2; a,Re p>0]
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1 arctan’ “22 pe fee 2ap+ud

ie a+V¥2ap+p

4. x S(ax)

p +a
[a,Re p>0)

S pee S(ab) ae
mn
P e@
x [(ptia) erty bpt+iab) +

= (p-ia) *erf(Vbp-1ab)]
[a,b>0]

S (ax?) Wa sing
> [7-s] ets
C(ax’) cos @

1 cos @
+ 5 -cww|
sing
[o=p'/ (4a); Re p>0]

| et
C(avx)
Ya
(pee
oan);
8p) +1/4| 8p}
ois

[Re p>0]

: S(av¥x)

C(avx)
RULE +1) po roms

ZOE Le? O56 2.0

+ el a
x 2F, Ney eT ah Tae
[Re v>-(26+5)/4; Re p>0]
 THE FRESNEL INTEGRALS 207

2
-3/4 1 lay

2Vp
[Re p>0]

Ss v+1/2 -v-1 2k
10. x”.
1/ (2k) l p , f+ a
(ax ) fee th pe ON Gt (Sz) x
{. aC2Aj eM 2 14+1,2k+1] (2k

(A)
A(,-v) ,1 |

Atk, (2+1) /4) Ak, (2¥1)/4),0

[Re v>-1-(2+1)//(4k); a@,Re p>0]

S(a/x) 6in safe

11. | ak oe Ve Cos V2aptsin Y2ap)|
C(a/x)
[a,Re p>0)

12 > vee TPOLE TD ee git! aan

oak pee ) 2(dn) (P7172 mele (a) (p

eal aaa
0
[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0]

3.8.2. S(f(e*)), Cif(e*)) and the exponential function

S(ae *) g3F1/2 11/2 .

C(ae*) (5+1)
an (2p+2+1)
(2p+2+1)/4,(2+1)/4;-a7/4
x ,F; (2p+6+1)
/4, (6+1) /4,1+1/2

[Re p>-1¥1/2; |arg a|<n]

208 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

S(ae*) ) ari Wi/ee) paWem

leye7-
aa 2 X
2. i
C(ae ) (541)
Vn (2p+24+1)
(2+1-2p) /4,(2£1) /4;-a7/4
x F, (6+1—2p) /4,(6+1)/4,1+1/2
|.
a
+ r [2->] sin 2prtely
¥2np
[a,Re p>0]}

i]
2k
T(v+l1) pk, l+1
3 ae py Gry » 2k+1 ( 2k

|
S Ger Gh), ACE lSpys
x

Cc Atk, (2£1)/4),0,A (k, (241) /4) AW, -p-v)

[Re v>-l; 4kRe v>-(2+1)/; |arg a|<n)

4. (-e x
C¢dv+l)
Wade
Al, k+l
all je) a

x
S (ae! (2k) ) A(l,1-p) Pere

Cc 0,A(,-p-v)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

5 ilies (p) 1+]

1+1,2k+1
eB ke
1
S ea
Ad,-v),1
<4 “fotlne
7). 1
Cc Atk, (241) ne anrenrenaeal

[Re v>-1—(2+1)//(4k); Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

 THE FRESNEL INTEGRALS 209

6. (1-e*)”x P(p) glke! (24)2k

21 Dp 2k+ 141,141 a

S A(Ll,-v) ,A(k, (2¥1)/4)

Ak, (2£1)/4),1
{.[ad ony von)

0,A(/,-p-v)

[Re v>-1; a,Re p>0)

sa _
sag 1 v+p Glth kel (242k
Mow Tose ee
S
{cian}
A(l,1-p),A(k, (241) /4),1, Ak, Tae
A(d,v+1),0
[a,Re p>0; 4kRe v>-(2+1)/-4k]

ry ete .)
. 2k

8 (-e")"x
= i
ot pat?

1+1,2k+H4+1] |2k
Ze 23h) toh (peat)

A(l,1—p),1
2 a

(k, (2F1)/4)
A(1,v+1),A(k, (2#1)/4),0,A
2 [a>0; Re v>-1; 4kRe p>-(2+1)/]

+1/k +1/k
3.8.3. S(ax” °°), C(ax”) and hyperbolic functions

S12 64302)
Notation: u(p,6) = eX
ately eo

2
26+] yr 2VtES P2645 . 71. a
| 4 ay wa ae GR 4 b+55: A
p
6+1/2
T(v+6/2+5/4)
v(p,6) = VER CLOm Dy Met 4
x

XG,8:
Fhe1 #20+5 2645, 1. “a 2
( 4 iV pas 4 5+53 a ’

t)
210 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

| | : 2 +a 2 -p+b 1/2
(p-b)
sinh bx | z
ses va | :
1. 4 g
cosh bx Cob dice mene ae
W/ 2
ge re
+

(p+b)4 (p+b) *+a7

{a>0; Re p>|Re 5|]

| SE 1/2
sinh bx (p=b) = +a +p—0b
2. C(ax) al ae

soshiee (pb)
d(pb) 24a?
Wie
eh
+

(p+b)4 (pb) 24a?

[a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

J sinh bx
Sh os S (ax) u(p—b,1) + u(p+6,1)
cosh bx
{Re v>-5/2; a>0; Re p>|Re }|]

sinh bx
4X C(ax) u(p—b,0) + u(p+b,0)
cosh bx
[Re v>-3/2; a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

_1/2{ Simh bx 1 2 Teas

5. x S (ax) ae arctan 2a(p-b) aE
cosh bx 8v¥x|v¥p—b DME
+ 2 arctan 222 (P+b)
He? +
p+b p-a+b

=edb 8M ti bat2p = 0 z
V¥p-b p+a-b +V¥2a (p-—b )

z—l_j, ptatrb-v2a(p+b)
Vp+b pt+atb+V¥2a(ptb)
[a>0, Re p>|Re |)
 THE FRESNEL INTEGRALS 211

: sinh bx meee SES

6. x 1/2 C(ax) a 2 arctan op 5° a
cosh bx 8¥n|vp-b * P 4S

eee arctan ~—2

LETTS
P70?
Vp+b pare
Css) PRasoaV2aCp=b) y
Vp-b pt+a-b+V2a(p-b)

+ l ta pta+b-vV2a(ptb)
V¥Vpt+b pt+at+b+V¥2a(ptb)
[a>0; Re p>|Re 6|)

sinh bx Conc pian 0 Cee

Te m0 sts S ( go) toes ae ae
cosh bx Ore b+p
Bf WP.
ar GH poplo-beia x

xerf(¥c p-bc+iac)=—

= (p-b-ia)*erf(Ve p—be-1ac)] a
eal ..-1/2
+ p+p prb+ia) x

xerf(vc pt+bct+iac) -

- (p+b-ia)”" ert eprbe=Tae))}

[a,b,c>0]

sinh bx be-cp Chez en

8. 8(c-x) C(ax) ee ae |re
I p
cosh bx
ijaf{ 1 . .-1/2
45 Be [(p—b+ia) x

x erf(Vvc p—bc+iac)+

Be (p-b-ia)"ert(ve p-be-iac)] z
= . 1/2
= Stplip+b+ia) x

xerf(vc p+bct+iac) +
+ (p+b-ia)erf(Ve p+ be =i a1}

[a,b,c>0]
212 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

s inh bx
9. |sure
Ccosh bx

[Re p>|Re 5|]

sinh bx
Via 1 a?
C( avx)
10.
cosh bx
8 Ls areen(- eo) <
oy eee1/4|8p-8b
2
bi
(p+
1
Bra
2 2
a a
xexp{- Fpics |r ee
al
[Re p>|Re
5}]

sinh bx
Vv
11. x |swrs v(p—b,1) + v(p+b,1)
cosh bx
[Re v>-7/4; Re p>|Re 5|)

sinh bx
v
12. x Jew v(p—b,0) + v(p+b,0)
cosh bx
[Re v>-5/4; Re p>|Re 6|]

a bx
13. x Jour
cosh bx

(p+b)
[Re p>|Re b|]

Kt‘
sinh bx
14. 7 pile’ FE GIA Va (p=B) +
cosh bx
+ 008 YFaCP=BY)] os

1 [:~eV2a(ptd)
ames
pt+b Xx

xX (sin ¥2a (p+b) +cos v2a (+b) }

[a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

 THE FRESNEL INTEGRALS 213

sinh bx ——_——
15. de l palite 2010-0) in /Tacpob
cosh bx x 4\p-6
— cos YIap-B))| $

a1 pre soe
x
p+b
x (sin ¥2a (p+b) —cos yracp+5y)] |

[a>0; Re p>|Re |]

+1/k +1/k F : ;
3.8.4. S(ax ut ), Claxt! and trigonometric functions

Notation: Res (ptarab dy 246° pe,

Q= arg(p’+a--b-2ibp) ;
- 3 ape KOS a pW e KY sige.
= arg(x_t+ly_), x,=R cosy +P, Y== R ‘sin 5}iD:

u(p,d), v(p,5): see 3.8.3;

|sien ce
; (4
| Tyee
(p+ib) “+a
eeeib) eee, =

1) | pi bd (p+ib)
2+02
= 1 (p-ib)?+a?-p+isy'”?
ope
Se rat ae te
-1/2 1/4] (6 p_-9@
-& 5 (x7+y") S 5) et
pyro Pp
rylae p_-@
ze, sin
; 2

[a>0; Re p>|Im 5|)

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Saline biceeteeth) bo
41) | 2 2
(pt+ib)a (pt+ib) +a

ei e oS Ne wieee
i SRE
etd
PR Or
-1/2 b UE AD
R Dy PIE +
= (x +y,) COS eer
Tes, Pe ICA | 2

[a>0; Re p>|Im 5|)

i
||r ¥ u(p-ib,1)]
1
[Re v>-5/2; a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

i
|insido + u(p-ib,0)]
1
[Re v>-3/2; a>0; Re p>|Im |]

ie |e SpE
2 Uo
eY VIG HtD)
rscayy sees
8¥x\1)|vp+ibd P
ei |
aT ae
poe ke Sretah 2a ( ib) +

Yp-ib p-ib=a

s es rg etBale NG EAL =
¥pt+ib pt+atibt+V¥2a(pt+ib)
s 1 fq eet es 2a(p=w by)
Vp-ib pta-ibt+V2a(pt+ib)
[a>0; Re p>|Im b}]

i
1 2 aia ¥2a(pt+ib)
2atprib) ;
8¥n\1)|vp+ib ta iva?
2 arctan V2a(p-ib)
2a(p-ib)_
ae
Vp-ib p-ib-a

= Bel ) 4, ptaribev2a(p+ib),
Vpt+ib pt+atib+V¥2a(ptib)
+ l ped be 2a(p-ib)
Vp-ib pta-ibt+V¥2a(p—-ib)
[a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]
 THE FRESNEL INTEGRALS 215

sin bx i -cp-ibe -cptrtibe

7. 6(c-x) S (ax) = eT ee as+ SS +
cos bx 1 Pose Prat

1
lla ] pee 1//2
+ ‘Pitts [(ptia —ib)

Xerf(¥c p+iac—ibc) -

= Deiat Cer T4e=? bec)) ¥

2S
Lees
ai [(pt+iat+ib)

Xerf(Vcptiact+ibc) -

- (p-ia+iby | ert v cp-iactibc)]

[a.b,c>0]

sin bx i -cp-ibec —cptibe

8. 6(c—x) C(ax) - srt leaeer ere eee +
cos bx ] pale iid

1 be J eee el /i2
{ith Hortoliovev

xerf(¥cptiactibc) +

+ (p-ia+ib)ert(ve p—iacti bc)] +

_ l eS N1/2
+ pane [(p+ia-ib)

<erf(v¥c p+iac-ibc) +

+ (p-ia-ib)
|"ert(/e pit ace-ibe)]
[a,b,c>0]

sin bx i 2
9. S(avx) ae ee rae ena
cos bx 1) | (pt+ib)

x! 1/4|8p+8bi
Aonhe
See1
ipa)?"
ie 2
a a
x exp|- Bp-8bi7 HAlap =8 7]
[Re p>{Im 5|]
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

i iz
Y¥na|' 1
——————~ a
exp] - 7-37 | X
8 lee 8p+8bi

x1 1/4(8 Gels
ae
p+8bi
1
(pet bye
es x
2 2
a a
xe -552r57)anlestena)
(Re p>|Im |]

i
11. |r + v(p-ib,1)]
1
[Re v>-7/4; Re p>|Im }|]

i
12: ||r + v(p-ib,0)]
1
[Re v>-5/4; Re p>|Im b|]}

13. x 1} —_a(hastena]
4lil|
peroyt? ©" AB ere oe
*

1 {ove
Gparby U4 4’°8p-8bi
Seamer adCTE 174

(Re p>|Im 5]

- V2a(pt+ib)
14.
lt

ieee 2 ae

1 -¥2a(p-ib)
+1

x (sin ¥2a (p—i

b) +cos vreo-T)]}

[a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

 THE GENERALIZED FRESNEL INTEGRALS 217

15. Maes C}—a 1 i 1 weV2a(p+ib)

Patt
cos bx (2) 4), pris |te e
x (sin¥Za (pti B) -cos¥2a (PFI B))|ae
1 [earealesh?
*p-ib x

x(sin ¥2a (p—ib)

-cos var=7))}

[a>0; Re p>|Im 5|}

16. x 1
7 lcos ax C(ax) + a
4a vn (pt+a) (/p+atva) /2
|

+ sin ax S(ax)] x - arctan ponte oie

4a (Vptatva)'
1
2 VprarVa) 17?”

xX In
Va-V5G (1pea2Va) an1tpe
oe ed prrcdeye (vata
[a,Re p>0)

2 C(ax’) x sing cos @

17. cos ax 5 ate a ci(@) + si(@)
S(ax) cos @ sing

at:
»(Stax’)
+ sin ax 3 :
C(ax’) [=p /(4a); a,Re p>0)

3.9. THE GENERALIZED FRESNEL INTEGRALS S(z,v) AND C(z,v)

3.9.1. Sax Wh Can *y) and the power function

1
Notation: 6 =
0

NE aa (ain SLT (itd +L) (2) acd

: ey eae We cos v@
C(ax,v) (v+1)° (p'+a™)

sin(vn/2)
pe)
P cos (v1/2)
[p=arg (p-ia); Re v>-}-5; a,Re p>0)
218 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

oe S(ax,v) _a’**r(nsv+6+1) y
C(ax,v) ave beat oe)
(vt) /24+1, (utv) /2+1, (ut+v+1)
/2+6
+

3 21 641/2, (v+6)/241; delps

sin(vn/2)
Tush Po |
pu* 1
cos (vx/2)
[Re p>-1; Re(y+v)>-1-5; a@,Re p>0]

S(ax,v) r(v) sin(vx/2) arPe S(ab,v)

3. 6(b-x) = =
C(ax,v) P |cos (vn/2) P {C(ab,v)
i
= tp {fovea bptiab) ¥

+ (p-ia) “y(v, bp-iab)]

[b>0; Re v>-6-1]

' S(av¥x,v) avt? 1.3

4. x Clavey Herel
(yepoatscosa
ee ore
+1} x
2

(v+5)/2, n+(v+5)/2+1;-a*p 1/4

+

22 lst 172, (v+d)241

/
E+ DP) eon
+1
p» cos (vx /2)
[Re p>-1; Re(2p+v)>-2-6; Re p>0]

S v=3/2, V1) 2 pad

/,2 2k
5. | cnt ol 2 k l Ghth! (sz) ~
1+1,2k+1
Cc (Qiny! (2-1 ee

1) {AC-w1
(>) 0,A(K, (6+v)/2),A(k,
1-6+v) /2)
[Rep>-1,; Re(2ku+ly)>-2k-6; a,Re p>0]
 THE GENERALIZED FRESNEL INTEGRALS 219

{Stax /,v) ap to, Git bf 2h Se5

a Pree
ax Vv
k po ees - SPPSRR Ys
v+0 rl “yo x
2

(v+6)/2; a’p/4
+

1 31 641/2, (v+6)/2+1,
(v+5) /2-p
rigid Tey 9 -2) sin(v/2-p)n y

Bel * (cos(v/2-p)x

ut+l; a*p/4
x F, 4
u+2,n-v/2+2,n+(3-v) /2
Pe +E) sin(vn/2)

pe cos (vn /2)

[Re(v-2)<4; a,Re p>0]

7. xt axl . VD alae a abies res 2k =

S Cc : Qt atl 2k+/+1,1 a

< —
i 1] A(,-p),
1,4 (k,1-(6+v) /2),
P) \0
ia ee!

[a,Re p>0; Re(2ku-lv) >-2/-2k]

3.9.2. S(f(e*),v), Cif(e~*),v) and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6 =
0

S(ae *,v) S(a,v) S(a,p+v)

1 l = +
C(ae *,v) Piciayv)) pa” |Cla,p+v)

pe +v)
sin sat

pa” cos [(p+v) 1/2]

[Re p>0; Re(p+v)>-(1+1)/2]

220 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

S (ae*,v) 1 S(a,v) a? S(a,v—p)

+
2. x
C(ae ,v) P C(a,v) P C(a,v—-p)
{a>0; Re(p-v)>-2]

uil(S (ae *,v) a

v+6
3. (l-e”)" Saas B(u+1,p+v+) X
C(ae " ,v)

x JF 4[0+/2, 049/248, p44) /2;

6+1/2, (v+5)/2+1, (pt+p+v+1) /2+6,

(ptptv)/2+1 ;-a7/4) +

et
+ B(p, +l) root
cos (vx/2)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; Re(p+v)>-6)

S(ae *,v) ak p+v+6

Anion) | | ae 2(v+ 5yB[u+, 2 ]><

C(ae *,v)
(v+6)/2, (p+v+6)/2; ~a*/4
+

2 31 641/2, (vt) /241, (ptvt+6)/2+p4+l

sin(vn/2)
Efe) bowel
cos (vn/2)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; Re(p+v)>-5]

qv Vek rt) x
5. (-e*)"x
S 2k
x enon »v) xo 1+1,2k+l+1
+1,1
==
|
a
(2k) 2k
Cc
A(l,1-p),1

0,A(k, (5+v) /2),A(k, (1-5+v) /2),

seas
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; Re(2kp+lv)>-8]
 THE GENERALIZED FRESNEL INTEGRALS 221

is S (ae*,v) v+6
64(lsex5 ' a
=3(yeby > [n+1.2=3-4) x
(G;(ae*,v)

iene (v+6-p)/2-p; <a?/4 |

23 cs
6+1/2, (v+6) /2+1, (v+6—-p) /2+1
ae sin[(v—p)x/2)}
-—I(v-p) x
P cos [(v—p) x/2)]
—p,p/2; ar y4
x F, +
p/2+1, (p+v)/2,(pt+v+1)/2

omeae|
sin(vxn/2)

cos (vn/2)
[Re p>-1; a>0; Re(v-p)>-2]

s
Tentie-es) ' tages »| 2 ak Paen x
Cc
0,k+/+1 2k
x Goris l+1 [aw x

1 A(1,1-p) ,1,A(k,1-(6+v)/2),
X2k
a 0,AC/, -p-p)

sail

[Re p>-1; a>0; Re(2kp-ly)>-24)

S.idleex) "sx 2 Wak 7 ?r@) x

s
xfto -x,-l/
Ape (2k1} i0,k+1+1 a a2k x
1 [4¢,-B), 1,4G,1-+y)/2),
x2
a 0 ’ d ’ —p-p)

ie

[Re(2kp-lv)>-2/-2k;, a,Re p>0]

222 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

9.) (ey 1 Vak’ 71oy

|S ae}
. k+,l |ahs
xG 1+1,2k+/+1 SSP
(2k) 2k
C
AC = 1

0,A(k, (+v)/2),A(k,
1-5+v) /2),

Poo,
(Re p>-1; Re(2kp+lv)>-5-2k; Re p>0)

v+6
a v+6 v+6 !
10. (i-ea) core ta B25 7 i) +] SK

s (v+6)/2, p+(v+8) /2; a*/4

x4 faerie +

Cc 2 3641/2, (v+6)/241, (vt+d)/2—p

gzut sin(v/2-p) 1
tz ress Oe T(v-2p-2) x
cos (v/2-p)

p+l,ptp+l ; a’/4
x oF; a
ut+2,u—-v /2+2,u+(3-v) /2
sin(v1/2)
+ T'(v) B(p,p+1)
cos (v1 /2)
[Re(v-2)<4; a,Re p>0; Re(2p+v)>-8]

gv-3/2pv-1/2) pth
11. (l-e*)*x =
ee= a
On) repel
S x Ggitithd 47°
ANU Meal |
x :ey Ae |
1+1,2k+/+1
(2k) 7* 1AG n+),0,

Ak, (6+v) /2),A(k, ee

[Re(2kp-lv)>-2/-2k; a,Re p>0; Re(2kp+iv)>-/8]

 THE GENERALIZED FRESNEL INTEGRALS 223

qv-3/2,v-1/2, pn
2 d-e
)' x x
(3x)?
7?Tus pete
} x Girktlt h Ad,1—-p),1,
[2t2k
xftoc-n elt 2k TAG vaty 9
Cc

arses vaste

[Re p>-1; Re(2ky+/v)>-6/-2k; a>0;

Re(2kp-lv) >-2/]

3.9.3. Slax!" yy, Ctax'/*,y) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: u, (p,e) = (-D)*™ rereeely| 24 o ;

v

2(v4+1) *

@ = arg(p-ia),
bis
aitA
T(utvt+er+l1 )
u,(p,e)
2
= <6
2 (e+e) pe
eee ke

2
ents Tick, & SURSaae | AvoSte Laat
| an) 1b 7 +€; 5) +1,et5; “):

avie® ~v € v
u,(P,£) = 4p [(ptia) “y(v, cpt+iac)
+ (-1) (p-ia) y(v, cp-iac)],

vt+eE
a vte
u,(p,e)
4 = - Oy ee ig ein Pe R(ut—5—+])
2 X

2
WAS De ViteOe ry)Vtee ae eae
xF,| miki,
1 9 Bets; ak

p = arg(p+ib)

sinh bx _
1; S(ax,v) u, (p-b,1) + u, (p+b,1) +
cosh bx b

tO
2_ 4? bein UR
2
[Re v>-(5+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Re 5|]
224 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh bx
Ph C (ax,;v) uy (p-6,0) + u, (p+b,0) #
cosh bx
b
oP ay
2 2 fo 2 vn
p'-b'\p
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Re 5|]

sinh bx
34x" ‘S(ax,v) u,(p-b,1) Fu,(ptb,1) + HED EO) x
cosh bx
x sin “¥[(p-b) *" = (p+) ]
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(u+v)>-(5+1)/2;
a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

sinh bx
Ces 7
4. x" (ax,v) u,(p-b,0) ¥ u,(p+b,0) + P(p+ ye
cosh bx
X COS YF [p-By ¥ (p+b) ae,
[Re p, Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Re b|)}

sinh bx
5. O(c=x) S<ax,v) ~ u,(p-b,1) ae u,(p+b,1) de
cosh bx
b
+ p(y) jin
p -b :
ous sinh bc
Oo 2 t
Pes cosh bc
cosh bc
ar S(ac,v)
sinh bc
[Re v>-(5+1)/2; c>0]

sinh bx
6. 8(c—x) C(ax) = u,(p—6,0) + u,(p+b,0) ae
cosh bx
b

Be TAY
__e -cp sinh bc R

p 2s be cosh bc
cosh bc
+ C(ac,v)
sinh bc
[Re v>-(3+1)/2;° c>0]
 THE GENERALIZED FRESNEL INTEGRALS 225

sinh bx
We x" S(avx,v) u,(p-b,1) ¥ u,(p+b,1) Put eos x

cosh bx oe at Sos
x sin 5 [(p-b) YF (pt) )
[Re p>-(341)/2; Re(2y+v)>-241; Re p>|Re b|]

sinh bx
u,(p-b,0) me u,(p+b,0) + r(p+l it (v) x
8. x" C(avx,v)
cosh bx
x cos ~F[(p-b) -p-1
Y= (p+by -y-1
* 7
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(2p+v)>-1F1; Re p>|Re 6|]

3.9.4. Stax! vy, Car! * ») and trigonometric functions

Notation: = arctan = u(P,8), J=1,2,3,4: see 3.9.3

sin bx i
1. S(ax,v) [u, (p+ib,1) + u, (p-ib,1)] +
cos bx 1

a ‘ sin >
prve? b 2

[Re v>-(5+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Im 5}

sin bx i
is C(ax,v) [u, (p+ib,0) + uy (p-ib,0)} +
cos bx 1

T(v) 6 vO
tt, 5 cos >
Dp, Hb .\p
(Re v>-(3+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Im b}]

sin bx i
3. x S(ax,v) [u,(p+ib,1)
¥u,(p-ib,1)] +
cos bx 1

T(ut+l)(v) sin[(u+1)%p] NT
20, oF (pen dy 2 ne
(p° +b") cos [(u+1)p]

(Re p>-(341)/2; Re(u+v)>-(St1)/2;

a>0; Re p>|Im |]
226 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx i
4. x" C(ax,v) [u, (p+ib,0) + u,(p-ib,0)] +

ea of
cos bx 1
sin[(u+1)yp]

(p' +b") cos [(u+])p]

[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/2;
a>0; Re p>|Im |]

sin bx i
5. 6(c-x) S(ax,v) [-u,(pt+ib,1) + u,(p-ib,1)] +
cos bx 1
b
+ rs ; sin = =
Dp +o \p
ay bcosbc + psinbc
Titty 5 S(ac,v)
p +b" \|pcosbe — bsinbe
[Re v>-(5+1)/2; c>0]

sin bx i
6. 8(c—x) C(ax) [- u,(p+ib,0) + u,\p-ib,0)] +
cos bx 1
b

p +b" \p
eo? bcosbc + psin bc
neo (ac,v)
p +b" \pcosbe —- bsinbc
[Re v>—(3+1)/2; c>0]
sin bx i
Gb san S(aVx,v) [u,(ptib,1) ¥ u,(p-ib,1)] +
cos bx 1

SEPT (p +b) ©
sin[(pt+1)v]

cos [(u+1)]
ileal
x sin
[Re «»-(3+1)/2; Re(2u+v)>-2F1; Re p>|Im 5]

‘ sin bx i
8. x C(avx,v) [u,(p+ib,0) + u,(p-ib,0)] +
cos bx 1

Pedr tay ph
¢(pi+b~) °F cos [(u+1)]
x cos *F
(Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(2u+v)>-1F1; Re p>|Im 5|]
 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 227

3.10. THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS [(v,z) AND y(v,z)

3.10.1. Poo vevyaxtt*) and the power function

1
Notation: 6 =
0
, T'(v,ax) Tare 1 =| i )

y (v,ax) P 0 ede
[Re v>-1; Re a,Re p>0]

T'(v,ax) v
6 aka eo P(utv+l) F [vnevelsVl: =e
Rua wae Ll 74E p
37
vy(v,ax) vp

roo rab
0 prt!
Re p>-1; Re p>0
[Rew Soe1; Re a>0; : Mep>0 }]

T'(v,ax) bp (T(,ab) fee ae

3. 6(b-x) = + { )x
y(v,ax) 6 y(v,ab)} PPT
x p(v,ab+bp) + EY
o} ?
[Re v>-1; 6>0]

Par: Pw,ax’)
Wee _~_Piv+ (uti) /2)
a 2 Cutt) /2
y(v,ax ) (u+l)a
(ut+1)/2, (u+1)/2+v _

7 2D @a3yi2ia,
p14
= C(p/2ev+lip
Bs Wwe SS ie

p/2+1 ,p/2+v+1

21372; w/2+2;a
|p*/4
+
ll r(v) Ppt)
0 pt+l

. _ JRe p>-1; Re p>0

[Retnean>-1 Re a>0; ikp>0 }]
228 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

T(v,ax’)
5: :
y(v,ax )
[Re v>-1/2; Re a,Re p>0]

Tw,avx)
6.
y(v,avx) 2
v/2
T(v)a”

p
Pa EE ($5) (2)
one

‘
[Re v>-2;
rcv)
0 p
Re a,Re p>0)

‘ T'(v,avx)
4 Pe =e an
v p
-u-v/2-1
r(n+3+1] x
y(v,avx)
v/2,ut+v/24+1
af, 2-1 =
1/2,v/2+l;ap /4
v+1
a —u-(v+3)/2 v+3
tyr? r(u3) a
(v+1)/2, + (v+3)/2 |
x A
3/2, (v+3) /2;a7p '/4

LJ 1
rooras+p
0 pee

Re »>-1; Re p>0
[Recnew>-2 Re a>0; {
Re p>0

* rwv,ax!’*y Od pets ed
8. x Se
(ohy (Ae D2
y qwv,ax!/4

<a ir((8'G) A(1,-p) rl

A(k,v) ,0

[Redtnearonk Re a>0; + p>-l; Re “ay

Re p>0
 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 229

9. P'(v,a/x) Oa bY
2 'K (/Tap) +
0 T'(v)

y(v,a/x) Nee:
[a,Re p>0]

T'(v,a/x) v_ v-p-l
10. x" 7:5 PE —_- P(p—v+l) x
y (v,a/x)
x FF(ivt1,v—pjap) +

F Pw-p-Da"") F(u+Ljp+2,2+n-vjap) +

ae
0 p p+

_ jRe p>o
[reas. {fsp>-1; Re a

eagle T'w,a/x) gi -2rv ye T'(2v,2Vap)

3X
y (v,a/x) pe. ee y(2v,2V ap)

_ JRe p>o
[regee iev>-1/2; Re i

. 3/2 T'(v,a/x) 72° Va acest

12. x =
y(v,a/x) p- hae y(2v-1,2Vap)

_ jRe p>o
[reea; esv>-1/2; Re S

Pwax @ abedod pw V2 -p-1

13, x! (vax
/k ) ‘ (20)
naa x
k
1-5, k+5+/] (k
XG (2 x

x
l
—_
w/ A(l;-p),A(k,1-v),1

P) lo
_ Re p>d
[re
a>0; bs w>-1; Re my]
230 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.10.2. [({x]+v,a), y({x]+v,@a) and various functions

1 toa steal£ [oF] (6

Dre.

[Re p>In|ab|]
p Dp hae

esd _o7 ,
2. b__(ix]+v,a) — Aes —__yy,q—abe s)
Leis p(t=be?)

sed ip
b
bed+9.@
3. Tepy ee
l-e Tt
poe a-abe
¥: —p
”)

[x] et a
a I'([x] ,a) Lbs Ei(abe ?-a) [Re p>In|ab}]
(Far

3.10.3. rw,ax”4, y(v,axe*) and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6 =
0

2 2
-ax ni 2 JIN(ag)y Pp ep
2 e y(v,e ax) oe > exp(vnind ]r{ cy

(Re v>- os, Re a, Re p>0]

v(1-6)a2i w+1/2
2. xHexp(tax!/*) x —2_—_ vk i
C28)" Fo (1=v) Fo Pas ee
§ Pivyaxs
Ik
3) Gk thok+l] (a :
y(v,e
ni__ax)
Ik AU ECU TNE}
L ne
a0PY |Atk,v) ,A(k,0)
g=(i+k)/2+5(k-1)-1; Re(ky+tly)>-k;

: |arg a|<n; Re p>-1

selec! (e a>0 \]
 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 231

pb a a p-2v+3 a
(u+1)/2
S20 exp(2)r[v.$] Z T(u-v+2) (<] x“

x Soya ps 2Y EP)

[Re(v-p)<2; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

au eV WO )iau pt+il/2
4. xexpitax “%) x 2 5 sie =] A
(2x) 97° (A-v)P (v)p*
Po,ax !%) Gk k+k5+l] (ke A
ms vihetiax th 5d el alo
1) {O,-B)
ACK, 1-v) ACK, D
(5)P) |A(k,1-v)
[e-usor/2e6u-n-1 Re(ku-lv) >-k-l;

50: Jarg a|<n

SM {3 a>0 }]

3.10.4. rv, fle”), vv, f(e*)) and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6 =
0}.

T T(v,a) - p (T(p+v,a)
1. 4 (v,ae>) 3 -4 +
y P \y(,a) P| y(p+y,a)
a I I (pt+v)
0 pa”
Re(p+v) ,Re p>0
Re(p+v)>0

ip , I'(v,a) p (l(v-p,a)
ae ans 4 = ; ~
y f P y (v,a) y (vFp,a)
0) a Pp :
+ |
Ne eT (v-p)
(y=

Re a>0
Re a,Re 5>0
232 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

r : af Vis DaVis as
Boal ane | cars| + y Bint pty) oF, 15
Y
v+1, p+ptv+1
1
ao jrovmonen
0
_ JRe p>0; Re p>-l
[Rew es io

aE 5 oe Deed) Ghtoel-8+! aye

4. went (v,ae ray Cm ee a l+1,k+l+1] (kK
Vy
A(,1-p),1
A(k,v) ,0,A(,-p-p)
_ JRe p>0; Re p>-l
[Reinet teet }]

5. went waits]
on fle : ko"? Pued) ci-s.kee!| (k)*
(any Poa k+l+1,l+1] la
Yy

A(1,1-p) aa

OFAC pp)

_ jRe po-l
E a, ee u>-1; Re pall

me iY - a Vichy le a
6. ae (v,a-ae 5| + | Bip,ptvt+)) oF, +
Vy v+1,ptp+v+l
1
-{jroopien
0
_,. jRe p>0; Re p>-1
[Retuen> 1; bSp>0 i]

1, dé "SX
k v-1/2 Gps)
Wes
Cinyistee
1B
k+8,1-5+1] [a
k AN C9 | |
“|[v,a(1-e *)] A x LES Pegs (3
Y A(k,v) ,0, A(l,—p—)

_p. JRe p>0, Re p>-1

[Retniy> ky (Rep>0 }]
 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 233

: x
8. (1-e.")" k v-1/2 tip
—A____ r(p)
(Qn) ot Se bn

r oye ; k]AC,-n) ,A(k1-¥),1

x4 [v,ad-e*)) Gt (4
Y ; 0,A(.,-p-w)
Re p>0
E en: isp>0; Re p>-li}

ae OM ae
9. (l-e*)"x Cty te papel)
x
2 k
x)[v,a(e a-1)]
es 1-5+1,k+5+] (k
X Gestalt (4)
ween hod
A(d,u+1),0
_,. jRe p>o-l; Re a0
[Retush> k; eep>0 }]

KY ~1/2)p+n
10. (l-e *)*x (2n [os CRS a 2 pened) x
r
i k
-l/k k+6+1,1-5+/] [a
“|[v,a(e"-1)] | X Git kel+l (2
Y
Ad,1-p),1 |
Ad,u+1),A(k,v),0
_ JRea,Re p>0
[Retasnn>-o i ase }]

rm aair 5 14,2 1-p,v

11. exp(tae ‘x ale ry G, 3 |4
‘ ré (l-v) } V5.0) p

-x
T(v,ae “) Re(p+v)>0, Re p>0
i y(v,ae"*) a I
234 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

12. exp(tae”) x
G cl-¥) a3
T'(v,ae*)
Jarg a|<n
x ; [Rew-v, He a0 |
y(v,ae™ **)

p
13izeyl x P(v)B(p,u+l) |F,@sptptl;a) —
a”

x exp(ae °) T'(v,ae
*) aict B(p+l,p+v) X

F (pty, 1;v+1,p+u+v+1;a)
[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p+v)>0; |arg a|<zx]

14.
aye
(1-e*) exp(+ae
£ Ix/k
x
VEL oe SET ag EC Pee
oxo) Wade VY CRS Bae purl
Tinaer IPN)
k
k+k5,k+l| [a
xX :
yoQnde) ol (2
A(1,1-p) ,A(k,v) |
A(tk,v) ,A(k,0),AW,-p-p)
_ jRe p>0; Re p>-l
[Rene iebt }]

er
15. (l-e*) exp(tae~’")
Ix/k
x VEle Piya) =z
(2x yo FAVE Coa) 125, NE vy get!

To@rae*)
k, k+kd+l| (k
k
x A
veces XGrie | I &
A(1,1-p),A(k,1-v) os

A(k,1-v) ,A(1,-p-p)

[rep>-1; Re(kp-lv)>-1; ES:eet

 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 235

16.
-x,"
(l-e =} x a
Veter * Two)! Pe
B55) EZ
Oo ieA oeA AG
ia) 1?

—x.l/k +k6,k+l
k
x exp[ta(l-e “)" } x XGie, xl(9
Eeadaer S) AC,-»)
,AGe5¥)
x -x, 1/k
y(v,ae" had Oye 5) A(k,v) ,A(k,0) ,Ad,-p-p)

_,. jRe po-l; Re p>d

[Retineiy> k; ‘esp20 }]

aru
17. (l-e*) x ViE
VO)ie
de Tcp) x
(In yk eA Sel EY 2 wi vyl?

K
; l
x expla) x oie el
Peudee 7) =Itky
A(1,-p)
,A (k,1-v) , AK,D
x
y@jae. d-eae Aikiewr Ad) —p—1)
_ JRep>o,
[Rect lv)>-k-l; {fsie po}

tae ies. Viale ST) apace

(Vay % Pépept1yr’® Gi)

ek ke 1 kekb+l| (k)*
x exp[ta(e’-1) ]x X Goes) kel (4)

Tv,a(e*-1) ns A(l,1—p),A(k,1—v)
,A(k, 1)
x :
y(v,ae" (e*-1) Ady A(k,w+1),A(k,1-v)

[ean easen sort: Re(ku+ly) >-k;

_ jRe p-l
Re (kp-ly) >-; in Ko }]
236 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

bam fEje!*' Toomre w

19. (l-e*) x
(2m) (Pr(pspt1)
PF? (1-v)
x Gkt kor! al :
< exp [ta(e*- 1) tax k+1,2k+l

Te ue et A(l,1—p),A(k,v)
x ni (21)
. Ik,
y (v,ae A(k,p+1) A(k,v) vA(k,0)

[ew )(26+1)/2+I-1; Re(kp-lv)>-k-l;

_ jRe po
Re(kp+lv) >0; {eei“
“of

+1/k +1/k
3.10.5. [(v,ax ), plv,ax ) and hyperbolic functions

a *P(ptvtl)
Notation: u(p) = — mi oF v,ut+v+1sv+1;—- ai
w+y
Pp

Vv 2
Anya eas ae nla zt
2 ).F2 [Fue pt lel its)
2v
v+il 2
pita /2y [n+v+3 v+l1 No 5 Vt one
2 alee er Dae oat
a
Gy eb)

w(p) _ Pivt+ (tl)

EEEORTT /2)
ARTET |y+1 pt Lvs:
ds -
FSi ly2]
2url)a Cpe1/222 2 2 2 °2’? 4a

__ pr (v+p/24+1) (4 Leet 3e 2B)

dpedrathane el? Di) aoe A aie

A ee [|
I(w-v+1) F give »V—p; ap) +

+71 T(v-p-l)a"*! jFy(utlu+2,n—vt2; ap)

sinh bx
1. T'(v,ax)
cosh bx

PereOe Gee
~ p+b\| pt+atb
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p> |Re | ]
 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 237

sinh bx v
2: 1 (vV,ax) Pye {___1____,

cosh bx (p-b) (p+a-b) ”

ete (p+b) (p+atb)

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

u(p—b) ¥ u(p+b) + r(v) re +1)

sinh bx
3. “| hb jr
cos bd
=p-1 -p-l
x [(p-b) PF (ptb) 7
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(y+v)>-(3+1)/2;
Re a>0; Re p>|Re {1

sinh bx
4x y(V,ax) — u(p-b) + u(p+b)
cosh bx
(Re(y+v)>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

sinh bx -cpt+be -cp-bc

5. 8(c-x) Tv, ax) | p
eae
p :
cosh bx
v ( 2h 4 ) ai.

= ei Bee y(v, cptac—be) ¥

pta+b)~
+ 7 yy, eptactbo)| -

+ 2g 8?
pip. —6
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; c>0]

sinh bx -cptbe -cp-be

6. 8(c-x) (vax) |AID2 RE gy
b-p pt+b oF
cosh bx
v Bois

me MY eS
ae hey
y(v, eptac—be) ¥x

+ Apres) yy, eptac+bo)|

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; c>0]
238 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Te
sinh bx

cosh bx
2
T'(v,ax’)
“Ebel ito alta]
ri(2y (vel (p-b) ped).

[Re v>-(3+1)/4; Re a>0; Re p>|Re bj]

sinh bx 2 2
ina? 1
S80) eset =
Ae eae =p) 2)25
8. y(v,ax )
cosh bx 2 V¥v2a

oe explaaecr 2 }0.»(2*4)]
v2a
[Re v>-(3+1)/4; Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

sinh bx 2
9. x T'(v,ax°) w(p-b) = wip+b) + LT +1) x
cosh bx
—p-l — -p-1
x [(p-by YF (ptb) 47 7]
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(y+2v)>-(3+1)/2;
Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|)

sinh bx 2
10. x" y(v,ax") — w(p-b) + w(pt+b)
cosh bx
[Re(u+2v)>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Re 6|)

sinh bx
11. &" T(v,avx)
cosh bx

[Re v>-3¥1; .Re a>0; Re p>|Re 6|]

 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 239

2
T(v)a’ —v/2-1 a
12. |

xD S| :
Ny pI:
9)
Ee —v/2-1 a a
OR ex? Gas Di;ea)
[Re v>-3+1; Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

13. “| vip-b)
¥v(p+b) + PHAN EO) y
-p-1 — -p-l
x [(p-b) YF (p+by * 7]
[Re w>-(3+1)/2; Re(2u+v)>-3F1;
Re a>0; Re p>|Re b{]

14. 4 — v(p-b) + v(p+b)

[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(2y+v)>-3F1;

Re a>0; Re p>|Re 5|]

ay ip-by""K 2 mp
TELE:
oTy
15.

a (p+? "K Va (p+b))]

[Re a>0; Re p>|Re
|)

16. — a! {(p-6)"
"K QVa(p—8)) F
+ (p+b)”?
1K (Va (p+b))] +
=}: b T'(v)
2 2
p)p -6
[Re a>0; Re p>|Re
5|]

17. = 2(p=b)-+2(p+b) + oA x

x [(p-b) | E (pts) YF
[Re a>0; Re p>|Re 5|)
240 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh bx a
18. x" v{v3] z(p—b) ¥ z(p+b)
cosh bx
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Re 5|]

sinh bx 1 = =
ior” 2 r [vg] Sa Oe a(p-b))#
cosh bx 2 (p-b)
oe eee T(2v,2Va(pt+b) |

[Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|)

sinh bx
205584 v[ve3] this ee (p-6b))+¥
cosh bx 2 (p-b)

+ S73 VO2°a TPB?)

(p+
{Re v>-1¥1/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

Die Pcie:
sinh bx
r [vg] a
piace ee (hep
TY ee
cosh bx

x PQv-1,2Va (p—b))

+l iT v1. 2V a (p+b) |
(pt+b)
[Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

sinh bx
22s cL [vg]
va 1
2v+1 v-1/ 2*
cosh bx 2 ilbears

X y(2v-1,2Va (p-b)) F

pean | vell/2
(2v-1,2Va @75)) |
(p+b)

[Re v>¥1/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 241

+1/k
3.10.6. T'(v,ax No y(v,axte*) and trigonometric functions

Notation: » = arctan = = arctan gab

pta’
u(p), v(p), wp), z(p): see 3.10.5

si n bx
I'(v) , _ a” x
1. T'(v,ax)
co s bx per p itpravare ee
psinvp
+ bcos vp
x
pcos
vip —- bsin vp

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

si n bx
Tiv)a”
Pr, 1 (V,aXx) v12*
co s bx pore)
tbp) th |
psinvp
+ bcos vip
x
pcos vip — bsinvyp

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Im b|]}

sin bx i
3: | T'(v,ax) ||e + u(p-ib)] +
cos bx I

ATO hig x

sin[(u+1)9]
x
cos [(u+1)q]
[Re p,Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

sin bx i
4. “4 breve ||won + u(p-ib)]
cos bx {al

(Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

242 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx 1 =P (ay, Ait) {meena

5. 8(c-x) T'(v,ax)
cos bx p?+b* pcos be — b sin bc
Vv 1 Fe 4 iy,
=!+ Serre aey(v,cptactibc)

: cae}

+ Apta—te) — y(vsep+ac-ibo) 3

F. b T(v)
22 2
pjp +b
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; c>0]

sin bx CC bcos bc + p sin bc

6. 8(c—x) Vy(V,ax) oy CE SANE VE +

cos bx po +s pcos be — b sin be:

vf{i é -v
p os, ae
+5 Es ae y(v,cptactibc) ¥

3 oy

Son Hastie
a hy v(vsep+ac-ibe)
— aaa .

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; c>0]

sin bx 2
Us T'(v,ax’)

co (28)=taeGL)
aN. | ea
cos bx
i iadpe al (p-ib)”

[Re v>-(3+1)/4; Re a>0; Re p>|Im }|]

sin bx 2
Ke y(v,ax )
Baw!" 1 (p+iby?
cos bx 2” |}
psteon| 8a }x

pred) — (p-ib)?
x Dialer | ee exp| Sa }x

<0. (24)
Ia
[Re v>-(3+1)/4; Re a>0; Re p>|Im 6|]
 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS

sin bx 2 i
9. x T(v,ax") fm + w(p-ib)] +
cos bx 1

Ary) Tut 8!) !? x

sin[(n+1)@]
x
cos [(u+1)@]
(Re p,Re(w+2v)>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Im d|]

sin bx 5 i
10. x” y(v,ax*) | fms + w(p-ib) |
(cos bx l
[Re(+2v)>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Im b|)

sin bx a
11.
cos bx
T(v,avx) ne
2 1
\for
2
a a ee

xe aeT5) ee :
=p ib) ‘ex PISp-8i6
dled x

0 (t-te =) p-2i p)p?+b?

[Re v>-3+1; Re a>0; Re p>|Im 6|]

sin bx v{l
12. y(v,avx) “ons |foovm2-1
cos bx 9 1

2
a a po

2
= (p-ib) exp eat)
8p-8ib
x

weal
[Re v>-3¥1; Re a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]
244 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx i
13. x" Tw,avx) [v(p+ib) ¥ v(p-ib)] +
cos bx 1
PEO uLD peop x
sin[{(u+1)9]
x
cos [(u+1)qQ]

[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(2u+v)>-3+1;

Re a>0; Re p>|Im b}]

sin bx i
14. x" y(v,avx) - [v(p+ib) ¥ v(p-ib)]
1
(Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(2p+v)>-3F1;
Re a>0; Re p>|Im 5{]

sin bx a v/2 i v/2-1

15. r{».g} a [(p+ib) K (QVa (p+ib))F
cos bx 1
+ (p-ib)”*"K
Va (p=1)))
[Re a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

16. sin bx
v[vig)
a
= v/2 i
[(p+ib)”"k v/2-1 Va (pFtb)) F
cos bx 1

= (p-ib)”
"kK (2Va(p-1b))] +
aN el Srts)
pj p> +b?
{Re a>0; Re p>|Im b|}

2 sin bx i aft
Wie r{v.g] - [z(p+ib) + z(p-ib)] +
cos bx 1

+ Pv) Ppl) (p24b4) 2,

sin[(u+1)qQ]
x
cos [(u+1)Q]
[Re a>0;,; Re p>|Im 5]
 THE INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS 245

bx Z i
oY)[3] [z(p+ib) + z(p-ib)]
bx i 1

[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Im bj]

sin bx r{v.4} vn i 1 .

cos bx ad 2 cpr hee ee

KPOyOredps) 2) i455
G@@igy
x
/2

xT Qv,(2Va(p-ib))

[Re a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

sin bx - Ta i |
¥ivey 2v v+1/2*
cos bx 2 1} | (pt+id)

vOMOV ape b)) Fee x

v+1/2
(p-ib)
x p(2v,(2Va (p-ib))
[Re v>-1¥1/2; Re a>0; Re p>jIm 5|]

sin bx Ae ve i 1
Wy Em peatoe
cos bx 2 a\l)| (p+ib)

x P(Qv-1,2Va (p+ib)) Boos 172*

(n=1b)
FO VTTPTIN)

(Re a>0; Re p>|Im d|]

sin bx " a i 1
ier 2vt+1 Sg Ee
cos bx ; ?2 a\l)| (p+ib)

C8, Vacs 172”

(p-ib)*”

xXy(Qv-1,2Va (p-ib))

[Re v>¥1/2; Re a>0; Re p>|Im b|]

246 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

+1/k
3.10.7. Products of Peter» and y(v,ax™ )

vab
Atutv+e]
i y+ _ 1 x
ates
‘i x! y(sbx) 900.0%) vp
XF, [Aentyt Lavine vt a 4

(Re(A+p+v)>-1; Re a,Re b,Re p>0)

v-1/2,a¢+1/2 -a-1
De Donate yx Qi) 2k+1/2-2 x
T(l-v) (20)

<revax!™) sitet tl (2 (2)

k+1+1,3k+1] (2k
a NLS
p
l

A(1,-A) , Atk, v),1 |

0 ,A(k,v/2),ACk, (v+1)/2),A(k,v)
[Re A>-1; -1-/Re v/k,-1-/Re v/(2k)]

3.11. THE PARABOLIC-CYLINDER FUNCTION D(z)

3.11.1. D (ax) and the power function

2
1. D (av¥x) aFU(3
le)
2y) Th avail
2 iadaad 4>
go 5 vgFk
a

[Re(4p+a’)>0]

n+5/2 2 A

a 5 Tie
a Ge} Pes
2. Dyn, (AVX)

[Re(4p+a’)>0]

(v+7) /2 2.0 = U7 2
3. D,(-aVx)-D (aVx) 2 ro ee (4 eae
si (4p+a Nae 2+1

[Re(4p+a’)>0]
 THE PARABOLIC-CYLINDER FUNCTION 247

v/2-p 2u+2
4. x"D (aVz) el x
wt (3-v)/2
2
PMaf fl belies
2 oe
} te
2a?
a

[Re p>-1; Re(4p+a’)>0]

Z n
5. x8 -D/2-Ap Ce eae (a“-4p) J
sf uae Sn koe
x oF, feebgetiee 2
ate
2.a

[Re v>2n-1; Re(4p+a’)>0]

1-v/2
6. xD (ax) 24 Vt Lap aeaeV Tay
dap+a?
[Re v<1; Re(4p+a’)>0)

v+l
Va [44p+a?+v2a|
—(v+3)/2
Th x D (aVx)
99!
2 Oy41)
[Re v<-1; Re(4p+a) >0)

9 (29 ta dL Ape RT 4
8. x °/4D vavx) AV Pe x

2) -(2v+1)/8
4p+a
x 4p-a
2 x

1/4 | Sp
<2 16p2 i
[Re(4p+a’)>0]
248 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2 n
=1/2 ¥m(2n)!(a —-4p)
9.Ly x D 2nia¥ Vxx) 2 al (azsdpy ett?

[Re(4p+a’)>0]

GY DED Bape ae 4?
10. ee eave 2) n(4 4
2 T((1-v)/2) (4pt+a~)
+ D (avx)] [Re(4p+a’)>0]

3.11.2. D |, ,(a@) and various functions

vt [x]

i COA
oats
[x+v'@
1=e
Pp
7? exp|2e?c2a-be)|
P 4
D v (a-be®)

Cav)
Lis
2. izes te D, 6g @ l=eD =D exp les
4eDye
(be 22)]D eva (a-be «*)

3.11.3. D (ax!) and the exponential function

v/2, (1-8¥v)/2 (1/2+6) (1-k)

Notation: A=2°“k (27) (2” ¥ar(-v} >,

1
i
0

1. exp(- 4
a*x? ]1o,cavx- ——
Y2np”
a nP — exp >
2 if ay
2
a T(-v/2) 2a 2a

= D (a¥x)) [Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

 THE PARABOLIC-CYLINDER FUNCTION 249

22 BEL Gel vin Gots)

vate

x pt! eS ee 5

(+1) /2,p/2+1;Fa “p?/2

2211/2, (atv) /2+(S1)/4
Be Ven ie PD)

varius

x pth = ae

n/2+1, (y+3) /2:a ?p?/2

Fy ‘i
3/2, (utv) /2+(7#£1)/4

1
x
;0 jrosvenaer™

-v/2,(1-v)/2;#a “p”/2
Xo 2
—(u+v)/2, 1-p-v) /2

_ jRe p>-l; Re p>0

c a|<(2+1) 2/4; i il }]

2 v/2-2p-1 | 2u+2
|.
ail ut (3-v)/2

A ag ea Sl
XP, [we Fan 71 a
(Re u>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<3n/4]

2 ps ¥2n (a+ Sp
Mee exp [4 D (aVx) v+1

[Re v<-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<3n/4]

250 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

22a ath aye x

ut (3-v)/2
5) nO, POD)
oF jutlwtaseta a ee
[Re u>-1; Re p>0; |arg al|<n/4]

=.
2 : greys 5 d 2 +a*-a)
6. eee 2) D (a¥x)~
155 a
[Re v<l; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

3/2 v+l1
2
q. x exp (-al D (avx) ny2 a —
v+l

[Re v<-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

Nie
CaN ay ea.
Bee Roe alll were
, ll ae
ioe
Ony tee? Gat 2k (5) “ae

A(1,-p) , A(k, ea
(5)
l
xD, ( ) x
P) 1ACk,0) A(k,1/2)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<(2+1)n/4]

+ gh? ay xr(—v)) It? y

*(— Sewet3) (ay -2)0*? x

=v, = 5¥1
xF (paermiactce 4 2
ties
Re p>0; Re(2p-v)>-2
[issa|<(2+1)n/4;
+ .
ee }]
 THE PARABOLIC-CYLINDER FUNCTION 251

phi -2v)d fA LF?

piayear/4 s v+1/2,1/2 (av 2p)

[Re p>0; |arg a|<3n/4)

M4
11. x Dery [a x TET les tld 2 Dp

x D a [Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

YX

2: rexpleg se |x
2 .
pee
ey Oe ae earl (DE)
Gfs1)\ja “Weelk 2|.%

-(
(2) a

-I/ (2k) A(L,-p) ,A(k, 1/2) ,A(k,1)

xD (a x )
v
A(k, (1-5¥v) /2)
Re p>0;Re(2ku-lv)
>-2k
[isea|<(2+1) 1/4; {
Re p>0

3.11.4. Di (fe *)) and the exponential function

1
Notation: o-| At see 3SAlle3:
0

ae -2x -Xx “19

1. exp(+4-e ]2,cae )
A ee 1-p/2, (1+6+v) /2
XGo'5: |2~ 0,1/2,-p/2
(Re p>0; |arg a|<(2+1)n/4]

qv/2-l Pe ¥nI(-v) ]-8 x

3,8 a”3 |
XG,’ 2 |p/2,0,1/2
jarga|<3n/4; Re(p-v)>0
Jarg a|<3n/4
252 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2k, 6k+1 aa .
Al*'P(y+)G
2 -

3. (l-e *)"exp [egre24 x k+l, 2k+l] |2k

A(d,1-p) Ak, ( +6+v)/2

5 D, aen (2h)
A(k,0) ,A(kK,1/2) ’ A(l,—-p-p)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

ol)
7 —p-l 6k, 2k+1
. (l-e *)"exp aw x Al P(pthG,

A(l,1-p) ,AK, 172 Atk, 1

5 D, (ae! (2k)
A(k, (1-6¥v)/2) ,

[isa|<(2+1) 0/4; {
Re p,Re(2kp-lv) >-1
Re p>-1
I}
AP rat
2\k
(2]
. d=2e 0° k+l, 2k+l 2k

2 7
A(l,-) , ACK, A+6+v)/2
xX exp Ee sot me
A(k,0) ,A(k, 1/2) , AU, —p-p)
—x, 1/ (2k)
x D, [ad—Cae) [Re p>-1; Re p>0)

~ -e*)*x
—p
ah rin
6k, 2k+l

(24)
2 oe A(,-p) ,A(k, 1/2) ,A(k,1)
xX exp [sq-a-e" i x
A(k, (1-8¥v)/2) ,AC1,-p—p)

|
¥ D, nl Soe “Qh, c al<(2#1) n/4; kep>0; Re(2kpy-ly)>-2k
Re p>0
 THE PARABOLIC-CYLINDER FUNCTION » 233

3.11.5. D (aV¥x) and hyperbolic functions

sinh bx) 5 2 le 3 3- bea Abad %

es cosh
D,(avx)
bx} ~
Mae
cee Pee a cay an
2a
ae
zp [13.32%.47-4b-4p
PW nk TR Pe. 2 2
a
[Re(4p+a’ )>4|Re 5]

sinh bx 2 . n
2, }D,,,, (av) 2" ar [n| —{a +4b-4p)
cosh bx} “” a?-4b+4p)
~__(a*-4b-4p)"
(at dpa apy *
[Re(4p+a’)>4|Re b]]

sinh bx “yt 2pt2 >

3. x" D (avx) ee air ay
cosh bx} ~ wt (3-v)/2

x oF, Lustelly pres a t4b-4p| =

a.

= fy [reterne cal

2a
[Re w>-(3+1)/2; Re(4p+a’)>4|Re 6]]

y 2s, v
j alee dv Yq | (14eta -4b+¥2a) =
i v/2
cosh bx 2 Lipeetah

(1d te wea bya

x D (aVx) a
fap+a?+4d
[Re v<2+]; Re(4p+a’)>4]Re b]]

sinh bx
bh ae x ae
wfIPTek [/4p+a?-4b+¥2a)"! =
cosh bx 5 (v+1)

x D (avx) F ( 4pra?+4b+¥2a)""]
-[Re v<+t1; Re(4p+a’)>4|Re 6|]
254 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

6. xe
sinh bx
x
vi(2n)!|__(a7+4b-4p)"_
"hn! (a SAREA pO
cosh bx

x D,,(avx. ) RN Pa 4b-4p)”
> 2 n+1/2
(a°+4b+4p)

[Re(4p+a’) >4|Re b|)

3.11.6. D (ax) and trigonometric functions

sin bx re ie i mn
1: D (aVx)
aQ((3-v)/2)
cos bx 1
2 5
Spo Via m4) Dato)
«L(t > - |;
2
a

=+ oF, 3 3-v iG=4ptaak

D9,ITV.
1,53 73 SS5 Pate.
7)
a

[Re(4p+a’)>4|Im b]]

2"*ar[ne3| i (a? -4p-4ib)" =

1} | (a°+4p+4ib)

eh ha =4p+4i
dye
Voew)
(a +4p-4ib)
n+3/2

[Re(4p+a’)>4 |Im b|)

2p+2 i x
qv/2-nl Van qh?
p+ (3-v) /2 |

3) 3-v a*-4p-4ib
x LFfectnedinedp 332
a

=+ F
3
p+, pts yp+ a4
3oy
o° dpe
PE
e ib
21 2 2 2 2
a

[Re p>-(341)/2; Re(4p+a’)>4|Im b]]

 THE PARABOLIC-CYLINDER FUNCTION 255

4 en
sin bx
\plaa Vz ] (4 4pt+a’+4ib+V¥2a)”
eS
1
dint 44ib

(1 4pt+a*-4ib+¥2a)”
rie est BEE Bites Sis See
14n2a Ard
[Re v<2+1; Re(4p+a’)>4|Im 6|)

sin bx
5. ae joer Va ‘
* yea x
2 (v+1) {1

x [dapra?+4i dev 2a" =

FA4p+a ie b+v20)""]

[Re v<tl; Re(4p+a’)>4|Im bj]

Yn(2n)! (a? -4p-4ib)"

2"n! ih ee

om fa oe +4i6)
(a *44p-yy, py ei7a|
[Re(4p+a” )>4|Im 5})

3.11.7. Products of D (avx)

2
¥; D, (ax)D, (ax) rTa -n-1/2
a
2a 2

[Re a>0]

Per aryl

2. xD (aVx)D, (bY)

ee
Yo es
xP
"\(a?+52) Sab"
[Re(4p+a ee )>0; |arg a|,|arg b|<n/4]
256 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

= HPAL
OG od OY ae UL Ae (-1)" {8 nia
3. D_,(-1a x)—-D_ (ia x) (n-1)! p Ric

[n,Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

1/ (4k) peer
L2ea-te S11
4k, 1 (32\ 2k
(4)l
4. x"D (ax yx G TE =

A(l,-p) , A(k, 1+v/2) , A(k, (-v) /2)

x D (ax! Mo
A(k,0) ,A (kK, 1/4) , Atk, 1/2) ,A(k, 3/4)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4)

3.12. THE BESSEL FUNCTION J(z)

3.12.1.
J (ax) and the power function
1/2 1/2
Notation: k = 2 !- |
22
p fas
Vv —V.

1. J (ax) Byeue (pdp2sa’)

potas
[Re v>-1; Re p>|Im a|]

+v+l1
xT v Ge _2. 4a eta pptmre
pi hea
pjetytl
PTA 2
p+v+2,
2

2
v+1; - 5 = (pray Peeve) x
p

fl Peaee= |
ml peer
p’t+a
[Re(u+v)>-1; Re p>|Im al]

4 ee (2a)
“PT(vt+1/2)
v Vi(pot+a

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Im

a}]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 257

v+l ee raak vt 3/2)

diyla®)
Vip sary’ 13!

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Im a|]

Vv

(esp ee 1am (dp? a -p}

ee te | (ax)
v
a* dp” lp? +a?

[Re v>-n-1; Re p>|Im a|]

a” (p+v4 peta’)
i x J (ax)
(ptt pa? nets

[Re v>-2; Re p>|Im a|]

. x J (ax) (pd p? a3 ))%

{Re v>0; Re p>|Im a|]

v-1

l f a ] a 2
. Zz Fj @9
2viv-l Pl ee

v+1

pol 2
vl ee wee

[Re v>0; Re p>|Im a|]

9. x 1/2
fi0 (2%) 2 eas
a K (k)

[Re p>|Im
a}]

10. x! elf9)
2 Gide) (2E(k)
-K(k)]
5)
1p
[Re p>|Im a}}
258 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

t [A=2A2Dfe -2e rR) -5-8KD KE

23 4)
i. x77 (ax)
np
{Re p>|Im a|]

¢ |

12. x°/77(ax) t [A=2A" acas-128e+12845 BO 7

up
— (31-144k2+128k
4)K(k)]
(Re p>|Im a|]

13. 0 At (ax) ee AVS ee Ke

e
3h CMICL -267)
~ (1-2k)E(K))
[Re p>|Im a|]

iz
14, x77(ax) P| (E(k) - (1-2k) KO]
Top Geli— km)

{Re p>|Im
a|]

2. 3

15. x!/77 (ax) [52k ae ~ (1-2k)E))

ayo (haba)
[Re p>|Im a|]

BRS
16. x? 27.1 (ax) 1
2k
ES
5)
Tak)
2
G8 KW —
SUP malame)

~ (1-16k2+16k)
E(k)]
[Re p>|Im a|]

{toe *J,(ax) ee
eeDierar ne =
[Sho (1-ka
ntl =e
— (1-k*) 2-2 K(K)]
[Re p>|Im
a|]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 259

241-2K2
: x77 (ax) 1-8) 02-3 VK -
SKM Aake yy wp

— 2(1-2k) E(k)]
[Re p>|Im
a|]

: x!/7 (ax)
4 1-2%7)3 (d-k7+k)
EU) -
ke Chek oes

— (1-k?) 2-k*)K (i)

[Re p>|Im a|]

i Pe 2 (ax)
J (1-2%7)9 [(2+5k?-8k*)
(1-k2) K(k) -
2K? (1 eeu pe
— 2(1-2k?)
(144k ?-4k) BK)]
[Re p>|Im a|]

21. poe, 3 (ax)

ear. ((2+15k?-144k4+128°)x
4k 112k
4 xp 44
x(k?) K (k) 214-772-1354
+-256ko— 128k°) E(k) J
[Re p>|Imaj]

22 ; x7 (ax) oe eee WP es 2 _ ig Hg) &

105k 4x C1-k-
(1 -2k-)
xX(kK?) 2. K (k) —(8-19k2+9k4-6k
2 4
>)E(k]
6

(Re p>|Im
a|]

2
23. Peel 3 (4X)
2 ; [A218 2a aathew %
Dok Axp CRoK,*)
— (1k?) (8-19k7+15k)K(K)]
[Re p>|Im a|]
260 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

23
24. x!/27 (ax) <b |12k ae (8-15k7+3k4)
K(k) -
; 3k°Amp” (1-k")
~ (8-19k7+9k
46k) E(k)]
(Re p>|Im a|]

25. de
—[1-J)(ax)]: {pte
In 2p das t
eh Di +ae

[Re p>|Im
a|]

3.12.2. J (ax’) and the power function

2 1 1 p_ _ni/4
1. J (ax ) r{v+3] eA 3 )x

xD p a
Be ee

[Re v>-1/2; a,Re p>0]

2. J(ax’)
Ones td
16a|°1/4| paid
8a pa

{a,Re p>0]

3 Jyploe —e—s(-$,
1642na°
2°)r(-4.-42")
2 ateas | haa?)

[a,Re p>0]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 261 ji

7 (u-3)/2 (ut+2v+1)/4 (u-2v+1) /4,

4. xbs - (ax’)
OT Bie (3+2v-p)/4]? 3 1/4, 1/2,
(u+2v+1)/4; ea ah! 2-1

3/4 eT
(ut+2v+2)/4 (u-2v+2)
/4,
r
@xnani/4 |? lay?) 3/4, 5/4

(u+2v+2) /4: eat qfn-1)/2 2

x
3

(u+2v+3) /4 (u-2v+3)
/4, (u+2v+3)
/4;
<r 23
(1+2v—-p)/4 Ba, 5/4, 3/2

-a say “p 4 “4 gul2z-1 3 pesaer

Ba ee (2v-p)/4

pee (u+2v) /4+1; beet

253
5/4, 3/2, 7/4
[a,Re p>0; Re(w+2v)>-1]

1/2 2 ¥Ip
2
‘eee
2
Des
Se x IS, 1/4(4%) Po es iAbe
{a,Re p>0]

6. x3! ye VR @ b3/2 H pe _y p
acta eX a Bie a ~(271)/4| 4a -(271)/4| 4a
x JLtt)/4(ax’) on
[a,Re p>0]

3.12.3. J tax") and the power function

1. J fe avn eae [7 ie =) a?
» J(avx) dp eye 8p) L w-1D/2\8p (v-1)/2| 8p

[Re v>-2; Re p>0; |arg al<x]

262 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2. J,(avx)

[Re p>0; |arg al<nx]

33 J (aVvx)
o3700(-$) [olfs) - (8)
oe P Sp)| 0l8p 1(8p

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

4. J,(aVx)

(Re p>0; |arg a|<a]

festa (a/2)° 2
5. x (aVx ) Vee Mee
2s p+v/2+1 HF, (wepetive =
Pp
{Re (2u+v)>-2; Re p>0; |arg al|<n)

FS eo eneFa]y(s |
v F pA Sei
6. x77 (av)
{Re p>0; |arg a|<z]

a ~
< —~No|
N
<
&
-_ =) ~
(2) of.45)
[Re v,Re p>0;_ |arg a|<x]

a)’
2) P —~-1,
exPl- (_a”
4p

[Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

[Re v>-n-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

fz Ts ae(hd
pron (Spr OleD
[Re p>0; |arg a|<z]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 263

a 2 2 2 Pe 2
ll. x12] (av) —*
4
2pit2 P
exp]-2-|]]1-G
8p 4p)
lie]
0\8p
+27
4p
|S
1\8p

{Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

2 2
1
12. xJ)(avx) SI! 7, |exb( #]

[Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

3/2 vn a? 3a%) at ae
13. x Jy(avx) gtie(- $3 [>-4p me abe! +

a Bi a?
+F(I- s}4(8]
(Re p>0;_ |arg a|<zx)

1 a? a?
14. xv) -1 Bi(-43 soy tes

[Re p>0;_ |arg a|<x]

2 2 2\4
1
15. x1, avx) §a [5
|x exooe
a Uea +1,($5]|
Uae

(Re p>0; |arg a|<zx]

= 2 2
n-1/2 2(-1)" 'n! eas ame
16. x J (aV¥x) Page 8p kon 3p

[Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

1/2 2 a”
ee J (a¥x) a
[1- exp -‘ell

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

: 2
18. is (aVx) ae exp(- tn]
[Re p>0; |arg al<n]
264 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

19. x J (avx)

[Re p>0; Jarg a|<x)

2 2
20. x?! *7 (aVx) a [2= aA exp
_@a

2p? 4p as
[Re p>0; jarg a|<x]

2. x77 (av)
[Re p>0; jarg a|<x]

1
22. x 2(aYx)

{Re p>0; jarg a|<n)

2 2
23. x27 aVx)
ALS
Jzexp(- sae
a Os
a
[Re p>0; jarg a|<n]

2
24. x? (avx) va ae ae

Dp
3/2 8p s4o(85] i (* 4p
(Re p>v; Jarg a|<n]

PSS oe J,(aVx)
rel#
WG
4p?
[Re p>0;
a?

arg a|<n]
4p

26. x?! *J,(aVx)

[Re p>0; arg a|<n)

 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 265

: v_-bp
27. 8(b-x) x (43) ;IU, (-2ibp, aVB) + WU, (—2ibp,avB)}
«x77 (ave) [Re v>-1; 6>0]

‘ -v/2 a ve (-bp)" v yar

28. 6(b-x)x x a oa (k+1) 0 (k+v41) L 4p

x J (aVx) [>0]

29. xy (ax!) l pet/ p 2p ght 2k ,\ | AC,-p)

|(@_)o(L£
v Cin) War trhe 1,2k| |2k p Atk.¥/2)

ae
(Re(2ku+lv)>-2k; |arga|<n for /<2k, or a>O for />2k,
or Re p>|Ima| for /=2k; Re p>O] or
[/<2k; Re(2kp+lv+2k),Re p>0; |arga|<n] or
[[>2k; a,Re p>0] or [l=2k; Re p>|Ima|]

3.124; hia 'S and the power function

1. 1,(4} [72 1s ¢¥2aprK,(/Zap) + J,(/Tap)K/Zap))

[a,Re p>0)

aes (2 git! a (v-p-1)/2 - (4 eee

v(x Due GBeusvy/2|° 22’ D : D

Pas " ro (v=) /2-1 ‘ a =V 49

L@ischrut pasta fiaey /242|° 2X2)
mpvag,- 2B +o pm r
i Vamninny ae l-vt+p
ae
2 l+v

[Re p>-5/2; a,Re p>0]

266 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3. 45 (<]
xX vix
2J (/Zap)K (Zap)
v

[a,Re p>0)

4. x1,(4] 38 f 3(V2ap)K,(v2ap)
[a,Re p>0]

2 NS 2
5. SAS $(%32| fort eltle ef 4 efit /2e% 2)
th Ne
liste es z=-3(a"p/4)'”; a,Re p>0)

Qut2 [v/2-p-1 ay
cx. ke (3) r oF [u-342 nr52;2 42]+
“x v/2+p+2

(a/2) v
oe-v/2-1 v_ ap2
lr ae of 2 2 B,v+1; 4

(Re u>-7/4; a,Re p>0)

1/2.-p-1 2k 1) Ad,-p),
mM -1/ (2k) pen ep o.k+l | (2k) (L
1. Xf, (ax ) (any E772 b+2k0 a) |p
A(k,1-v/2), Nengs

[Re w>-1-3//(4k); a,Re p>0]

3.12.5. J, (afx? 4xz ) and algebraic functions

Notation: z,= rz (ped p +a 2)

1. J, (ofx7 4+x 2] Goan exp(z_)

{Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<nx]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 267

hs (xt+xzy" x a ee os Giallo Eee pz/2

2) Va(p2+azy 2ervel la Rstiny
x I, (ad x? 4x2)
00 x k

}
x k=0
i eae za
'T(k+v4+1) a*z x
Mn ea:

z | 2 2Z
So eyes re ie
[Re(2p+v)>-2; Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<n]

3. Gon x Waka” z ees

vn Lae
x 1 (alx?+x2 | Dea

iz | 2 2
Soule eee )

[Re v>-1; Re p>}Im a]; |arg z|<x]

oie a; 2 pt+v/2 pz/2

3 CxX+Zz ) # a az y+] CW Ti r-wv/2@*

xJ,(a | xeZee
+xz) XM ijry/2@

[Re(2ut+v)>0; Re p>|Ima|; larg z|<zx]

gv ise! an We
x ldo 52 al ReS?
xt (al x? 4x2 ] [Re v>0; Re p>|Ima]; |arg z|<zx]

v/2 v
6. —*___;x (p’+a’) Be ($2-] exp(z_)
Cx ez) 3 +

TS (al x?+x2 | [Re v>-1; Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<zx]

v
268 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

ye So eee =|ale

xt (al x?+x2 } [Re v>-1; Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<z]

bX 2-1 — exp(z)]

xd, (ol x?2+x2 |} (Re p>|Im a]; |arg z|<z]

~—_#—_. exp(z_)
gQ|-
) 22
ad + * N aip +a

xJ, (alx?+x2 | (Re p>|Im

a|; |arg z|<n]}

10. 4x7+xz x Sle he exp(z)

: Ca? eee a2
x 1, (adx?+xz
[Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<nx]

3.12.6. J, (af+b g FX 3) and algebraic functions

Notation: v,=5 (1p 2a 2)

1. 6(b-x) x cay"? exp(iadap) x

xJy(al 6?- x?) + 21U (bla?-p?-ibp, ab) - iJ ,cab)]

[6>0]

2. x 2) Pd SOP m+n n(d_\""( d \"(, 2 2,-1/2

- x (b-x ee x (-1) a ta fea {«a = LD) <

J, (alo ?-x?] x [exp [isla?—p?) +

+ 2i U, (4 a?-p? -ibp,ab) - isgcab)]

[b>0]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 269

2 v/2+p, v/2-p+l
elPl tng
ch (b-x) ee x ap. (u,) Xx
1/2-p,v/2
v+1, v+l

xJ.,(ad bx-x z)
XM 77-4 y/24
[up=2o( Sap =e le -Re v<2Re p<Re v+2; 5>0]

1/2
4. 6(x—b) x (p’+a’) exp(=#1 Ppba 4)

xJIg(al eb} [b>0; Re p>{Im a|]

p(1+54p2+a7)
5. 6(x-b)x x
Citar 2
exp(-d aa

xJy(alx?-57) [b>0; Re p>|Im a|]

6. (x?-5)"x (3) eo ele *

Watpe ra) ch? ME

xJ,(al x?-57 k
co (v/2-p) 2
x)
feo.KIPck+ Adcy be I. t 2 |x
24p +a

RR eer) /2(fp? +0?)

[Re(2y+v)>-2; 5>0; Re p>|Im aj]

(ey aes (lp?+a?)

Sap 2 vei)
74 vil?
(p° +a’)

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Ima|; 5>0)

v_ ar
172 (=| Kir (=

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Ima|; 5>0]

270 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Mila prt3/2 (
9. ee = boy b98 eve nae) oe ee ipoas)
@ 2 2, (2v43) 14 Sv43/2

xJ,(2 eaap 7) [Re v>-1; Re p>|Ima]|; 5>0]

10. 2 So aa
pe v+l1
Wausr,v/2@) *

xcctby"y (al x25? x M_¥p/2,v/2 (v_)

[Re(v¥p)>-1; Re p>|Im a]; 5>0]

ll. Gabe
au
(ab) *e Py, v)

x¢e+b)! 7 (adoy: |) [b,Re v>0; Re p>|Im a}]

12. (x= 9)! ak ica DAD ea

xoe+b)
(af x?- 5?) [Re v>-1; Re p>|Ima|; 5>0]

2 2

13. (x?-67)!?
XJ, (ae [Re p>|Im a|; 6>0]

14. (x7-0?)1/?x iL [ee exp(-i1 p?+a?) |

xJ, (ad x?-57) [Re p>|Im

a|; 5>0)

15. x(x? aoe em cleaeeal|

2
p a?

xJ 1 (ol x?-5?) [Re p>|Im a]; 65>0)

 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 271

3.12.7. oy (ax*!) and the power function

1/2
Notation: u,= (2b) U2 (1Pp 244 2 +p) 4

1/2
v= p)'/2(J b ciirp ? +5)

1. er J (ax) 2J U)K Uu,)

[Re b>0; Re p>|Im al]

1 -b/ x -1 -1
2. 2 e “J (ax) 2a [¥;J, GU)Ky(u,) + u_ Jou rk, u,)|

[Re 6>0; Re p>|Im

a|]

eS, (<}
O|x
2alv,"s
el
W)K,(v.)
= 00+
+ =
Jv )K, eee
Ory &
|
(Re b>|Im a|; Re p>0]

1 -b/x a
4. x 1,(4} 2J WK W,)

[Re 6>|Im a|; Re p>0]

3.12.8. I (e *)) and the exponential function

ae (a/2)~
1. J (ae ’) Tev+l) (p+v) *
2
[Pave PEGNET Se Ge
x Fal et ye ae |
[Re(p+v)
>0]

Dp (v-p)/2 v
x a (a/2) xX
2. J (ae) —_———__
yet! |1+(v+p)/2 +
RiG@--l)(p—v)

2
x Fa[ a ve gees 4]
(Re p>-3/2; c>0]
272 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(3) ° pal BN F tex p+v+1,

3..d-e7)"J (ae ”)
v+l,pt+pt+v+l 2 3{ 2 2
2
tutvt+] pt+ptvt+2,
a”
iy cae a a
[Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0]

v ut+l, (p+v)/2
LS
4. (l-e bide)
2° v+l1,ut+(p+v)/2+1
2
ee vel pro + 1; ag

[Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0])

5.‘ (te Ape x T(ptl) gh! ae A(L,1—Ip/(2k))

x J (ae“*)
iyoi sll ach eo eae Atk,v/2),
Vv '

seetghenan
[Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0]

v u+1l, (p-v)/2 = =
6. eer) "YS(ae") nal |ane
2x v+1,u+(p-v) /2+1 2

x 2 p (v—-p)/2
vase ae. seal x
2P (pt+v)/2+1
2
a Be MsPy,
| > +1, ga
7 ire
liseee
4

[a>0; Re p>-1; Re p>-3/2]

pea or Ad, 1-Lp/(2k)),

ki" 2k+1,1 aoe
A(l,-p-lp/(2k))

A(k,1-v/2), eet

[a>0; Re p>-1; Re p>-3/2])

 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 273

Ne pt+l,pt+v
$-"d-e
)" [5] Tr oF,{»+3: p+v;
v+1,p+ut+v+l1

x exp(tiae *)J (ae *)

2v+1, ptptv+l; +2ia}

[Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0)

_ Vv Pe a, i
9. 6(x—b)exp(iae*)x [5] T(v+l1) (pt+v) [regress

xJ Vv (ae”) 2v+1,ptv+l; *2iae™|

[b,Re({p+v)>0)

2 p
10. (- ey
(2] P(p)J

x J, (ad ames [Re v>-1; Re p>0]

eM gitl
s+- 1,p-v (a)
T(v)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

(a/2)~ v v Vee
12, (l=e
)" x T(vt]) B(m+F+l, p-¥} [ee ye
2 2p | v/2-p
xt (4 eres) FrP+l, ves S| a a | |x
v/2+pt+l

. me
x F,[ptwl; ptytl, p-xt1; fe
a
[a>0; Re(2u+v)>-2; Re p>-3/4]

13. Niecy8 2casayPrrt

rev/2-p ay
T(ptv/2+1)

x(a ay [a>0; Re v>-1; Re p>-3/4]

274 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Tip eet azt A(l,-p)

14. (l-e *)" x
pe eh a ey F* |AED),
-x, 1/ (2k)
xJ,(ad-e )
A (k,-v/2), pene
(Re(2ky+lv)>-2k; Re p>0; [arg a|<x)

15. d-er)' x
Ep )180 tol |.C2.6) Se Nai eoee
p 2k] 2k
l a A(l,-u—-p)

A(k,1-v/2), A(k,1+v/2)
“xy -1/ (2k)
XJ (aa- e€

[Re p>-1-3//(4k); a,Re p>0)

16°68)" x
(an) cay Cpe
perw
Gi!

lahat (ae
Os

x sea A(,1-p), A(k,1-v/2), ae

x7, (ace ll)
Adl,p+1)
[a>0; Re(2ky+lv)>-2k; Re p>-3l/(4k)]

|
2k
peer k+l,1 a
t7g-l-en x
(inp Teele ee (2k)

|
A(l,1—p)
x -1/ ap)
xt (are =i)
A(,ptl), A(k,v/2), A(k,-v/2)
[Re p>-1-3//(4k); a,Re(2kp+lv)>0]

m/2
3.12.9. J (ax ) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: u,=[ (ptby*+a"\" te

va" [pron (pt+b) Pig? '
2
z,=(ptb) Aa 1 Ta By t hveb-
a

(ptb)?
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 275

sinh bx
1. J (ax) zu ¥uv,”)
cosh bx] ~
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

‘ sinh bx v Jutvt+l
x J (ax) 3(3] r (z_¥z,)
cosh bx v+1
[Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5]

‘ sinh bx -l iv
ee Ps
x J (ax) “YT vty er" + ae
cosh bx} ~ I
(Re v>-(3+1)/4; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5]]

sinh bx
Va) * 3 2v+3 _ vt
; Pied. J (ax) ama) [(p-b)u- i + (ptb)yu? 4
cosh bx
[Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>|Im a]+|Re 5|]

, sinh bx Ca) n yn
Ve =,
x J (ax) (uv +uyv,)
cosh bx} ~ 2 dp"
[Re v>-(3+1)/2-n; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5]

sinh bx ] wo -v
J (ax) ms ski, )
| 2v
cosh 6x} ~
[Re v>-(1+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 6]

1 sinh bx a l-v— I—~v

5 J (ax)
TET Ie +
x” (cosh bx
a -l-v. -l-v
ZN CEU Ras ee
[Re v>(1¥1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5]]

ite fareece
ooas sinh bx J (ax) zinZ-
[Re p>|Im a|+|Re 6|]
276 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

v
-2 —2
9. “sinh bx J, (ax) 0 =o.) ls
(Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

2 2
eee l |p; a _pli__4@
10. x sinh bx J)(av x) 5[Ei{- s=75| Ei[ 15 ||

(Re p>|Re
6|]

1/2 Z a*b
1138 sinh bx J, (av x) 5 exp -—4P_) sinh] 4° —~

(Re p>|Re b|]

=+1, /k
3.12.10. J (a(sinhx ) and hyperbolic functions

° a a
ee a L 4p)/2 (5)Ky -p)/2 [5]
(Re v>-1; Re a>0; Re p>-3/2]

PX, Jy(avsinhx) 75d] []« &

Dp Dp V2.

[Re a>0; Re p>-1/2]

1 a (p+v+1)/2
3. ste oe g|— . v+1
|
M 5 /2,v/2OW _p/2,v/2
[Re a>0; Re(p+v)>-1]

(p+v+1)/2
exp(bcothx) dk b Ade 2
4. sinhx x al ean M 5 /2,v/2 PIL? bear Te fees

|—4 —
xJ vl{sinhx xW by ete
ép)2,0/2| 29% a

[re(«044 4a7+6 *)50;Re(2p+w)>-1 |

 THE BESSEL FUNCTION pea

3.12.11. J axel) and trigonometric functions

2
Notation: rol p+ (a+b) 7a oes 2 ,
Ro=(p'+a-=b) 4b pe

b
tan rs
@=—

2bp cot 2n=p’+a’-b’,

u,-[(ptib) 2a] Nae

vi-a" [psin+d (ptib) iP i |,

1/2
eel (poate 2a 4b" be nu (p?+a?- | ,
V2b
2
z,=(ptiby YF, wesel 2 vel, —t__ ae
; (ptib)
@=arg (p*-+a*—b?-2ibp) ;
1
{p=v arcsin 25 of|
Ta
0

sin bx if? aM aR
— c J (ax) 7 (uy, Fuv_)
cos bx 1
(Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im }})

sin bx 1
Ze J (a)
cos bx Lf Ca Tip ee a—b) 2)
(Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

5 bw -pw_
3. sin bxJ, (ax) ik,
La a
oe wet?
{Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5])

4. cos bx J (ax) =
a
Himeeees 5
2
cos»)

(Re p>|Im a|+|Im |]

278 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx (aw ut+v+1]| (i

ae J (ax) 213] ip (2, ¥z_)
cos bx} ~ v+1 1
[Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im }}]

sin ax -v_ vt+6 p+v+6+1

ie J v (ax) pine Pe A
p+v+6+1 weed
pa
423'|
ee
ee
6:
2

2
eras PMs Ayal ik
a aed aed+6; b+y, v+5+5, v+1;
._ 4a5

(Re(utv)>-1-6; Re p>2|Im a)

sin bx LVS eile

r[v+3] (ee Fue ye
A x” J (ax) 22
cos bx l Vi
v _5,_, (Sin[v+1/2)q@]
aes [veg] {
vn cos [(v+1/2)@]
(Re v>-(3+1)/4; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]]

meS
vey |Sim bx x
iawn 3
r{v+3] [(p+ib)u,
2v+3 + (p-ib)u
2v+3 ]=
cos bx 1) va ;
v ty)
x J (ax) =e 2(2a)_ r{ve3] Rowe cos(v+3/2)@ +
vn Pp
p
ct: }inararg
b

(Re v>-(S+1)/4; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5)

sin bx ey elie) peat

9. x" J (ax) ( 7 d (uy, Fuv)
cos bx I}dp” aes
(Re v>-(3+1)/2-n; Re p>|Im a|+|Im |]

[Re v>-(1+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im |]

 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 279

sin bx
1
11. ta é a Coe eas
x fgets ee +
x“ (cos bx}
a -l-v— -l-¥v
xX J v (ax)
+ Av (vt) sade ]
[Re v>(1+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5{]

3w,w_(pw,+bw_)-bw>-pw>
12. x sin bx J (ax)
(wow?) ?
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

ir
13. x Sin bx J (ax) arcsin
r
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im d}]

aw_(2w> -w?)
14. x sin bx J (ax)
3
Gwe +w?)

(Re p>|Im a|+|Im }]]

sin bx 1 -Rsinnt+b
1
15. 4 J (ax)
cos bx AiRoos |
[Re p>|Im aj+|Im 5|]

1
16 2
sin bx J 1 (ax) 2
[R p*+b*sin(+n)-(p’+b”)sin 26]A
x 2ab
A Reiintdp abe sine
See
TG 2 |pa
2

b Reointie pacos®

[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5}]

2) {sing 2) [cos@
dja |, (_p_ zy |e
Wal‘(rtecos @ |syolréa){. \
7 (sin®@
[=p'/(16a)-n/4; a,Re p>0]
280 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2 2
7 fe : a
18. F sin bx J(aVx) 5[Ei{ pats) = Ei(-ap ai) |

[Re p>|Im
6|]

19. — sin bx J (avx)

2
~ exp oaegeliog sin op
5 a*b
Vx : q 4p? +4b 4p*+4b
{Re p>|Im 5|]

1/2 2k
sin, -
I/Qk pe
V
8)
Se
bee ee eee
Gk 2kel (¢)
= x

20. {5i2(as r}x (ex gel ioplaset 2k+1,4k| (k

l[A(,-p) , Atk,1/4), A(k,3/4)

x xPy Gres x [5]
: P) |Atk, (v+6)/2), A(k,-v/2),

A(k,(1-6+v)/2), A(k,—-v)/2)

[kep>0; Re(2kutlv)>-2k-6/; {5 |

a1, {sin a y Vailas ee Grkike Ls

Sm\icos yl / (2k) Oa oo 4k+1,2k| la

’ i l}A(l,-p), A(k, 1-(v+6)/2),

xx"s,| sesnr ae
x P) |A(k,3/4),,
Atk, 1/4)
ee Me |

[arep>0; 4k Re w>-4k-l; {i}

3.12.12. J Gene) and trigonometric functions of Fat

Notation: 5-{i}

sin(ae*) e gye (v+p+8) /2,

1. ep Tye) —__4_____F,
Cossde 2° (ptv+8)P(v4+1) l+v+6/2,

(2v+26+1)/4, (2v+26+3) /4;

§+1/2,v+(6+1)/2, (v+p+8) /2+1
(Re (p+v) >-6]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 281

F x p |p+1/2,v-p] ;.
2. ees J (ae’) (2a)" 7 sin (252a) +
vn v+pt+1 ces

-v vt+6 (v+6- Wie.

a 2aend ; P
(pov-8)Te+1) ? 1- (p-v-6) /2,

(2v+25+1) /4, (2v+26+3)/4; 4

6+1/2, v+l, v+1/2+6
[a>0; Re p>-1/2]

ae P (pt) ok.2ke! (2)2k| A(L,1—

(LTP).
¥ipt*! 2k+1, 4k+ll] |&
Atk, (v+6)/2),

sin, _-lx/(2k)
A(k,1/4), A(k,3/4)
Sion — »}
A(k,-v/2), A(k, (1-6+v)/2),

Gee
A(k,(1-v)/2), A(,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; Re(2kp+lv)>-8]]

"x P(ptl) oktlrk | (a 2k) A(k,1/4),

4. (-e 2k+l, 4k+l| (k AUP)
, vip

x{Sie cas! 5} A(k,3/4)

cos A(k, (v+8)/2),A(k,—-v/2), A(k,(1-5+v)/2),

x J (ax!)
Atk, (1-v)/2)
[Re p>-1; @>0; 4kRe(u-p)</]

3.12.13. J) (x) and the logarithmic function

Notation: pad p 4 +a 2

1. Inx J, (ax) Jinn) —2 In r-In 2-C]

[Re p>|Im a}]

282 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

271 2 2
-(1¥1)/4 2. a a a (7 ee
De 5% InxxX pes | [=$5-42i($5]|

XJ, (avx) [Re p>0]

ore 4 a? Pe a
3. xIn x J,(avx) 4? exo(-4p [Ei
(= —2 In55+

2
+ 16 exp CO
a5 ie s|

[Re p>0]

4. 8(x—b)In(xtb)x tle "in brebp | e"Ei(-260)] +

| 0
xJo (al| ?) + H |i - e Ei(br—bp)}
1
[Re p>|Im a]; 6>0]

5. InxJ,(alx?+xz] re ye (in eeee ry,Bi(“3>22| |+

+ ol ei(-tetPe
a+ 2|= Ei(-r2)]}

[Re p>|Im a|;. jarg z|<n]

6. In(x+z) x TTexp(225) In face — exp (322) Bi(-ra)|

xJo(alx?+x2) [Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<n]

3.12.14. J (ae *) and inverse. trigonometric functions

ind-e=t)y
Poy es
7x aap
v ptv
x
2 v+1,(p+p+vt1)/2,(p—p+v+1)/2
Z 2
Xcos (pu arccos e *)x x F, [p+ v+l, peed boweeel $3)

xJ " (ae *) [Re(p+v)>0]

 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 283

3.12.15. J ,(axJ (bx) and the power function

Notation: k=sin p=2Vab [p?+(a+b)7] 2,

1=2a(p?+4a2)
1/2,

sin p=p [p?+ (a-b)”| id

dyad p24 (a+b) 7+ pte Geb) cs

2 =(1-4 l-a 2» 2)ae

2
l p Pee Ya
1. J v (ax)J v (bx) —
nvab. v-1/2 2ab

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

bye o ptv+l1
2. J (ax)J (ax) [5] p ee
» 7 ut+1,v+l

(utvt1)/2,
(w+) /2+1, (atv) /2+1;-4a"/p”
v+l1
[Re(ut+v)>-1; Re p>2|Im a|]

foe) 24
; Pp a
3. J (ax, (a) 2 y “ear c 2
ta’ k=1 2a

[Re v>-1; Re p>2|Im a|]

4. J GF, (@0) Ve
Va NBS Teed 2.19!+ ete
dna? =

n
a Q , 1+
ae os k-1/2 2 24

[Re p>2|Im a|]

284 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2
5; J ans n+2 (ax) - Pont l)+ ee raFh}.
ae a
2n+1
2
pala p
2
Serer iit} gD Qq] sete?

2 2 n 2

rg na
etd) k=ys1Q-12| +o 2a
>
(Re p>2|Im a|}

2
=| arccot Je), Q,_ [3
aa
wa

(Re p>2|Im a|]

2
ee df
ie 1/2
(ax) X = —P-(2n+l)arccot rat
$— 2ng - ees -
a 2a
2 2 n 2
xJ
n+3/2
(ax) - 2nt lo +P] + aned YQ, [14
2a na k= 2a
[Re p>2|Im
a|}

k
8. J (ax) J (bx) K(k)
nvab
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 6|]

o J y(ax)J, (bx) os,In(ab?)!/?

Seen Lees [Ku #52 A,¢0.0]
aROnes
+ a:
[azb; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

10. J (ax)J, (ax)

[Re p>2|Im a}|]

11. J (ax) J, (bx) 2! 10-2) K-28)

nkva
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 285

Boe
Ava=~ Ek) -ba 0
12. J 0 (ax) J 2 (bx)
nb?! 2k kwh @)-4 _,
k nb 2pb
>
[a<b; Re p>|Im aj+|Im 5]

13. Jy (ax 2 (ax) —tEw-LKw-25

an
[Re p>2|Im a\]

14. J 1 (ax)J 3 ox) —?P___ Bik - FLO CUES SO

nk (ab?) ! Te eea
-1
a
+—2_ A (@,) +
5 ae ba
[acb; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5})

2 72
15. J 1 (ax) J 2 (ax) —2B_
py - BECP +34")
4
Kyy2a
1
nail 2na
[Re p>2|Im
a|]

‘
16. J 2(ax)J 2 (bx) [(4-k?) (4-3k7)K
(k) -8(2-)E(K)]
3nk>Vab
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5])

17. df1 (ax) J 3 (ax) 1 __(@2- 3877+3/°) K (2)-2(16- 231”JED) -

3nal he
(Re p>2|Im a|)

18. J,(ax)J, (bx) ——1__,(128-128k7+15k4)(2-R)K& -

1 Suk Vvab
— 2(128-128k7+23k
E(k)
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5}]

19. J Gx0J 4%) 1 _ 6144 12288%7+8000k*—1856k°+

105k?
+ 105k®)K (k)-32(2-k?) (96-96k7+ 11k) E(R)]
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]
286 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

; wav
ati A+pt+v+1
eS At+ptv+
20. x J (ax)J (bx) F >
gee Re a pra 2

2 2
Atpeved: tl, vel; —S,
P ==]
p
(Re(At+p+v)>-1; Re p>|Im a|+|Im |)

Tag | Apoes Soak At+pt+v+l

21. x‘ p (ax)J_ v (ax) (3) ear era Ae |e
p+l ,v+l

Bevel, Atpev+ be Atptv+2, ptv+l, p+,

2
Vitae ae |
Zz
Pp
[Re(atpt+v)>-1; Re p>2|Im a|]

», ghrrleD/2 atp’ _ 2p+2v+ (3+1)/2

ie x 2
pry p
2p+2ve(321)/2 p+1l, v+l
x

XJ (ax)J (x) Frew ptvelt5,ptvtlty; p+l1, v+1;

2262 ae Tae
i+2 2, 1+4—}-
Dp p
[Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/4; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]]

23, xHrrdeD/2, aX pb’ toe |st

vie OF hr ea |

xJ part (bx)
if
xX (vy -5°+)
IEA et
F, ptvts, vig, wtvtlts;
1

6? re A?
v+1; oS Sa J) 2 Peas
2 2 re 23
b°-y b°-y

[Re p>-(3+1)/4; Re p>|Im a|+|Im d}]

 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 287

4v+1 {[n/2] k
24.
xen
J y6@x)X ae (ab)” ek ip
NCAA (-1) ae
erat es! Eaal xHo k! ( 1) 9X

x J (6x)
1 ors ~2kF, [2venme k+y,
x [20+] id el
Via aV+93

v+1; 1- 446, - cot]

Pp sin’ @
[Re v>-(n+1)/4; Re p>'Im a|+{Im 5|]

24%42% v+1/2,2v+1/2 1
25. xy v; (ax) TGS oF v+a, 2v+5;
Ip v+]

Zz
v+1; - 4a |

[Re v>-1/4; Re p>2|Im a]]

26. xT (ax)J (bx) (~b) ath: 2-k

v Vv nvab dp” v-1/2 kK?

[Re v>-(n+1)/2; .Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5}

27. x J Vv(ax)J Vv (bx)

BPE Ghee ee
Param (iei
[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im d]]

(2a) ] l os
28. 5 aclv2 (ax) Bad avene(vrd, v9),F rd » +53
up
2
2v+1; - fa,

[Re v>-1; Re p>2|Im a}]

2 2
2v+1 eS
Pic
29. xd (ax) Jyr +1 et
ea v |
1+
2
-Q
v+1/2
1+
2a”

[Re v>-3/2; Re p>2|Im a}]

288 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1/2 ,2 er 3 Py
[25] eens.
30. x v3 (ax) Sat
2v_ 3/2 2) 1/4 — Pols Ree

[Re v>-3/4; Re p>2|Im a|]

-2v-1 [32
1/2 vpvtl/2
31. x J (ax) X [20° ee
dete +(at+b) *\(p as b) a
J 41/200”) (Re v>-1; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]

325%
1/2
J (ax) Xx
Gea 372 r(w+ S|
gevtt
1 x
TD 5]ay
i
Si ae (ax)
pel __Vv2 P(v+3/4) x
Pia mae
i roe ol ee
1/4 -1/4
ACs Wa = Ore oe )

[Re v>-5/4; Re p>2|Im aj]

33. x77 (ax) x

x J_Vv (ax)

[Re p>2|Im a|}

34. Se eC x v?r(nev+3]
2 ae (1l~a* y- ) x

x J, (bx) Pa eA ken
[Re(utv)>-1/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]}

any V2 ays ari [ts

Es rail
22% i

[Re v>-1/4; Re p>2|Im a|]

 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 289

36. _ (ax) X

x J (ax)
Balad fe
[Re p>2|Im a|]

4
37. x7 (ax) x : K(k )K(k,)
JOSEY
x J (bx)
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5])

Kk?
38. x J (ax) J (bx) > SED
E(k)
4n(1-k™) (ab)

[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5}]

l
39. x Jp(ax) ap
E(/)

[Re p>2|Im a|]

40. x7J p(ax) 63-27)

2
B)- (1-12) KO)
nap
[Re p>2|Im a|]

2 2
1 WG E(k’) + Ap 4) K(k) =
41. a FF (bx)
nukv¥b 2n(ab~)

0
+red£—
Ze A (@,) = ao}:
2160 it|
>
[a<b; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]]

l
42. eaJ) (axrJ, (ax) ve
nT EO ep
a

[Re p>2|Im a|]

290 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

43. x 1/77,(ax) x 4 (2E(k,)-K(k,)1 x

ee Sey eo
ayer’ b
XJ, (bx) x [Ek,)-
kA) Kk]
(Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]]}

5k
44, x J ,(ax)J , (bx) 3/2,5/2 [k? (b?-a?-p*) E(k) +
Siti la keia

+ 4ab(1-k2) K(k]
(Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

45. x J (ant, (ax)

l
5(K()- EO)
4na

[Re p>2|Im a|]

2 k3 CU Te Bae
46. x J (ax)J, (bx) Bh tak (b7—-Ga—p
0 1 32n(1—-k2)2a>/257/?

ue 12ab(1-#°)} B()— 1-2)? (6a? pK do }

[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

a7. Len 44 (d-P)K-d-2)B) - 8

x 3nl

[Re p>2|Im a|]

= y) 2 2
48. 17 (@x)J,(6x) Zip py eek petea 126 Ki +
nkv¥ad 2n(ab)
1(b +1
iailbas
«Gab rgcow +3(3|
>
{a<b; Re p>|Im a|+|Im |]

49.
1;
= J (ax)
p
aay | Eq)
_ Lp(p?+4a’)
rE K(@) +s
1
[Re p>2|Im a|]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 291

50. pS , (ax) x 4-2), =

| 3 2 2
3k ik, Tt 1 Sea PMse oat
x J, (6x) 2 2 2
— (-k)K k,)] [U-2k)
Ek.) -1k) KK, ]
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]]

pk 2 2
51. x J (ax)J (bx) 37 zl Q2Q-k JE(k)-2(1-k )K(k)]
4n(1-k?) (ab)
(Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|}

52. x’J (aS, (bx) —_ 4, {26 tk'p?-1-#9 x

l6n(1-k°)° (ab)

x (a7+b7) E(k) + (1-k?) [8ab(1-k?) -

- W2-K 01K do}

[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|)

l
53. x7J (ax) 2
(a -1)K@)-U-2) BW)
tap
(Re p>2|Im a|}

54..x'/77 (ax) 4 [8 (1-24) B(k,) - (5-822) K(k,)]x

2 2 3
9k, (1-k,) uy

x J, (bx) X [(1-k5)2 (2-3k,)2 K (k,) -2(1-2k,

2 EK)

[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5)

k ke?
+ lek2)
__2*______ Ea)
55. x 0 J.(ax)J,(bx)
2 2p5/2 K(x)
na!’ PS
—__— AR 4ab)o
: 0
+—> A,(Q,p) + 4
yee os
>
{a<b; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5)
292 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1 - PK
=, ! eeie ee
56. x J 0 (ax) J 2 (ax)
a nha 4n(1-l°)a
[Re p>2|Im a|]

1
57. iSJ (ax) J, (ax)
2
[4 -P)K)-4-S)
EO) - 5
Bn
(Re p>2|Im a]

58x > (ax) x A —_§ [1-) 1-8k’)x

15k ke (1-k2) Ind yC1-k?)
x J, (bx)
x K (k,)— (1-16k2+16k9)
E(k,)]X
x [21 -K}+ kp)E(k,) — 1k) (2-k5) K(k]
{Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|)

4a
Bh Sell =((-l’) (443/77)
K() -(4407-61) E(] - “
15anl
(Re p>2|Im a|}

60. x! 75 (ax) x 4 ___a-#} a+5k-

105k 2,2
72k?(1-k2)
2
(1-k?2 3
day
eS) 2 (ox)
— 8K)4 K(k) -2(1-2k2)2 (144k?pin 4K pi E(k) X
X [(1-K}) (245K
8K) K(k,)-
2 2 4
~ 2(1-2k,) (1+4k,
4k E(k]
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5}}

1
61. x J}(ax)
3 [(16-16/7+/*)
EW) -
napl
2, 2.
- 80-2) Q-1I)K@]
[Re p>2|Im a}]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 293

1
62. a J (ax) J (ax)
2 [4(1-17) (8417)
K(1) —
5
15nl
= (32-1217-
231) EW] - ae
[Re p>2|Im a|]

Py eerrer
[Re p>2|Im a|]

prtl eda?

” 2np(p?+4a’)
[Re p>2|Im a|]

+1/k
3.12.16. J (ax : )J (bx ) and the power function

1 3
pe?ip
1. xt] (ax’) x
np? reg} rs] verseleo ]4
XJ, v+1/4 (ax) red
=p
ern 8a ]
{a,Re p>0; Re v>-1/2]

2 2
1/2 2 Vip _..% ,,(1)(_p~) ,,(2)(_p
2. x J _,;36ax) xX BRE sec F Hie ea) Mie Tea
2
XJ 3 (ax ) [a,Re p>0]

|
2
i bp
3. J (ax) J, (bx) aad ness exp 7) ‘ i}|
prea’ 4p'+4a 4p*+4a’

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Im a|]

4. J (aVx)J (vx)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

294 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

($}pty piney =,lan |(At Ceti

2!
‘
5. xT (aVx)J (avx)
pt ,v+l

Ble fl, Mo Oya p+l, v+l,

a2
4 TARPS Sea
[Re(2A+p+v)>-2; Re p>0}

] 2 ab 2
6. xJ,(avx) x aap noes Lees | —ab(4pn+8p+b )x

x Jy YX)
] ($2)+[16p?n(n+2)+(4pn+a’)b’+b*] x

[Re p>0}

|! [ap 45)
2 2D
2 b a
1: x77 (aVx) x

x J, (oYx) [a>b; Re p>0]

Re
2
x
gi-v
ae
re? a
v+1/2
bee
Vb 1/4,v/2|
nanelSe)x
a
2p

x J tae Vx) x 2
a
ee 4h? bs
xJ (ae 4¥x)
[Re v>-1/2; Re a,Re p>0]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 295

11. x’ Io(avx)

[Re p>0]

12. x/?y (avx) M at ~ exp(-$5(5

3)
xJ,(a¥x) [Re p>0]

13. x1? (av) x

xJ,(a¥x)

14. x7 (ax) x

XJ (avx) [Re p>0]

Tree a a a?
15. x J aY*) 1 - exp -+ Bes +1,{

{Re p>0]

16. x Ji(avx)

17. x I avx )

[Re p>0]}
296 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

NeeA Uf 22 2k
a 1/ (2k) l k,2k+l | (a
18. x J (ax )xX LEG Te tatSater (Z} x
(22)

1]A(,-0), A(k,0), Ack, 1/2)

Jar, oe) x EA
a Atk, (u+v)/2), Atk, —(u+v)/2),

Atk, (u—v)/2), ah A
[Re(2kA+/u+lyv+2k)>0,; Re p>O for /<2k,
a,Re p>0O for [>2k]

Re 2 2k
r -1/ (2k) l 2k, k+l | (k
pcre as
ACE: us le aaice ela -

I}JA(L,-A), A(k,1-(w+v)/2),
IMGee a) x [5]
Atk,1), A(k,1/2)

A(k,1+(ut+v)/2),A(k,1+(u-v)
/2),

Atk, 1+(v-p)/2)

{Re A>-1-//(2k); a,Re p>0)}

3.12.17. Jae 7 (ae) and the exponential function

(utv+ 1 ) [2
1. J. (ae *)J (ae*) YAM a2) Sa
Sp: v (p+ptv) P(Cutl) Poel) 3° 4
u+l,
(ut+v)/2+1, (p+ptv) /2; a
v+l, ptvtl, (pt+ptv)/2+1
[Re(pt+p+v)>0]
 THE BESSEL FUNCTION 297

1
x
2: J (ae )J (ae )
eM (alr
ptpty
| 2G +
1+(p+p-—v)/2, 14+(p+v-p)/2

CT (u+v—p)/2,

+ (ppv)
Fant ly Post) 3/4
(u+v—p)/2+1,

(ut v+l1)/2, (tv) /2+1; 3

pw+v+l, vt+l, p+l
[a>0; Re p>-1]

3. d-e%)*x TP(A+1) pk, 2k+! (e)" ENP)

VEDI Weer raeHitk) 1 Ae (u+v)/2),

xJ (ae 8! 2) y.
A(k,0), A(k,1/2)

B A(k,-(u+v)/2), Atk,(u-v)/2),
“I (ae OL)

M A(k,(v-p)/2), A(l,-p-A)

[Re A>-1; Re(2kp+/u+lv)>0]

=x i T(A+1) Gkt hi2k a 2k} A(k,0),

4-(l-€) X Vuki**! 2k+l, 4k+l] |k A(,p)

Hers A(k,1/2), Ad, 1+p+aA)

xJ. (ae )x
B A(k, (u+v)/2),
A(k, —(u+v)/2),
eS (ael*! 2)

} A(k,(u-v)/2), Atk, (v-p)/2)

[Re A>-1; a>0; Re p>-l/(2k)]
298 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.13. THE NEUMANN FUNCTION Y,(z)

3.13.1. Y (ax) and the power function

time"
Notation: k = —
v2 CpDa+a =)

. -v

1. Y (ax) a [2"cotvit (o+4 P 2a" -

potas

-a “csc vn (p+4 p?+a” |

[|Re v|<l, v#40; Re p>|Im a|]

2. Y (ax) _ 2 ped pa?

Kap hae ¥
[Re p>|Im a|]

3. x" (ax) 4 20 (ptv+l1) 2,"| p

a
(ips2 Pacey
2
aan fiap |[ated
[Re p>|Re v|-1; Re p>|Im a}

4. x
-1/2Y ) (ax) 2
0HAG
ae K(k)

(Re p>|Im a|]

2 3
5. x'/?y (ax) 2k = 1)” 2B) -Kio)
wp
[Re p>|Im a|]

2 2
6. x ¥,(ax) ee Sees Free Yee
n(p? +a’) p +a
.
{Re p>|Im a|]
 THE NEUMANN FUNCTION 299

2 5
We ale (ax) = 5 [PED ip ae Em) 5-81 K 0}
np
{Re p>|Im a}}

2 7
8. sn os(ax) d | 2k =1) 19(93-128k7+
128k EC -
ip

~ (31-144k7+128k4)
K(k)
{Re p>|Im
a|]

9, mr (ax)
LQ <1)" 2 KK)
2
(12k) E(k)|
aah Ik 3 Zz
Tipe (=k ss)
[Re p>|im
a|]

2 z 2
oo pee pe ND: 2b Le ped p +a
10. x Y (ax)
n(p?+a’)|4 [a2 2
[Re p>|Im
a|]

tee *Y (ax) A |2k 2 =D 5

1-1-8
KH)
moo (ils =)

~ (1-16k2+16k)E(R)]
[Re p>|Im
a|]

12. x°/7¥ (ax) lew

oar |-Cie
maar parmae8BAS Ra 2 +128k°) 4)(1-k°) 42K(k) -
wp. (1-k >»

~ (3-134k74+384k4-256k)
E(k)]
[Re p>|Im a}]

leryerata
— AR
eam *Y (ax) 1) a 5k?-8k4 -KW)-
shel Lk 4np.
~ 2(1-2k) (144k7-
4k) EO]
[Re p>|Im a|]
300 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2 7
14. xy (ax) esEGE se
CEOWED b ci5e—144i eee
Pe ier iae Bae
x (1k?) K(k) -2(1+7k2-135k4+256ko—
-128k°) E(k)]
(Re p>|Im a|]

3.13.2. Y (ax's ) and the power function

1. Y (avx) avn__ ox fy cot vi] I ae -

4p3/? Pl” 8p (v-1)/2|8p

Ge a
. lowe a bee as :
2
a
‘ Hewal te)|
[|Re v|<2; v40,+1; Re p>0}

2: Y,(avx)
mp 0(- +)8($5)
[Re p>0]

- ali (-S5)4 (55)

2
3. Y (ax)

[Re p>0]

4. x"Y (avx) pee Gaia cos> va F(-v)TP}uw

w++1
pet on 2 x

2 -v
nile v+1; ee
x F, [arp a | Rs aptnt
Ca/2) are

xroor[u-F+1] Fy (eae 1-v;- an]

(2Re p>|Re v|-2; Re p>0]
 THE NEUMANN FUNCTION 301

5. x Y (avx) (a/2)” cot vi exp(- i oak

Cilia poo
yes
v+l

2
saailtBis 1-1;
eee ae
I

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

6 5 Vad
- se) ap S&C pan
—7 EXP a
8p| |Seine Lalsp
(2_)

1 a?
sie al
[|Re v|<1l; Re p>0]

7, xy (ax!) l w+1/2 p -p-1 Gk! (Sz 2k (5 AG@s-B)3

(dn) (EET? "hth3k Pp Atk,v/2),

A(k,-(v+1)/2)
A(k,-v/2), A(k,—(v+1)/2)
[Re p>-1+/|Re v|/(2k); a@,Re p>0)

3.13.3. y (ax) and the power function

1. ae [22[Y,(/2ap)K ,(/2ap) + Y,(/2ap)K,(v2ap)]

[a,Re p>0)

Mee [fea ata Wepebi2 dls SQHEMEP4) MAYES

De 5 ae Ag) |e +2 r of 3 De 2 ’ 2 ’
ice 2 (3+putv)/2
ae ‘ es (v-p)/2-1 . (3. =ye2,

ge? Vey aes

Fa iy Ze 2 Pact t—v-Fp
n+v+2, =o—2} + Fy lp .
16 Ya 1+v
Dee
ve Peet | i Ss a
Xo ep ape 16
[Re p>-5/2; a, Re p>0]
302 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

a z¥ 14) 2¥ (/2ap)K (/2ap)

[a,Re p>0)

4. mai) 2 (V2ap)K,(V2ap)
[a,Re p>0)

2 4, 1/3 2
5. Yna(—4| $(2z2] le*+ pti, ,dtD/2,-¢ |

imc z=-3(a'p/ 4)”: a,Re p>0)

Qut+2 Jv/2-p-1 2
6. x'Y Es (5} r oF p[u-3+2, one |+
TES v/2+u+2

(a1 2) —V/2-1
eer!Apa cae
2
. el of 2 2 bev+1; eee.
4 )

[Re p>-7/4, a, Re p>0}

9. xty (ax!) pees Gor2ktl] (2K) (Lb HAG-w,

2 Wiel any: (HN) 2a skal k a D

A(k,1—v/2), A(k,1+v/2),

A(k, (3+v) /2)

[Re u>-1-31/ (4k); a,Re p>0)

3.13.4. Y (f@)) and algebraic functions

Notation: Z,=2 (1p ee 2+) F

u,-0(4 p +a 249]

a 2he-nl 22 Z
ie ¥,(alx?+x2] ole x Ei(3-} -

-oof oF]
{Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<n]
 THE NEUMANN FUNCTION 303

Ve? 2/2
W a
azsin(v/2-p)x ~~ 1/2-p,v/2|2 as

“mike 2
XW 1 /2,v/2 a= Pog geo 7)

Zz Zz
+ =

XW, /2-w,v/2 = M p-1/2,v/2 i

[|Re v|<2Re p; Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<z]

Pa) Zz Zz
~ nwcos(vn/2) Kala] [als] i

Z
-. VIL =
+ asin 31 [-|
[Re|v|<l; Re p>|Ima|; |arg z|<x]

2 Dee
Hoel toy =

= exp(ol p ey 4 Bicu)|

[b>0; Re p>|Im a}]

= 4, secLVe 5w (u,)W (y=

2 +p/2,v/2 Fp/2,v/2

(1+v¥p)/2
—1.—(utl)/2
Ord), x l vip
ac eB 2 . | |Wayanals? x
v+1

x¥, (afx?-5?) <M Fp/2,v/2 (u_)

[Re v|<1#Re p; 5>0; Re p>|Im a|]

304 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Ie PRI)? 1 vo as u-
EEF) aT A 5 sec "Fk, 2(7"| Kva(z] 5
u
| 2) 2 ave =
x¥,(a x -b ) + xsin™F1,[(5-]|

[Re|v|<l; 6>0; Re p>|Im a|]

3135: ea.) and the power function

1/2
Notation: »,-20)"/?({ p ays 2+) ;

1/2
w,-p)'/2(4 Peles

i eva
ae v
2Y ve w)K
> ae
Ww)Ns
(Re p>|Im a|; Re 5>0]

2 . ey
pe 0
an) 2alv'Y,@)K.W.)
te Soke
+vHie YW eee )K,W)]
et

[Re p>|Im a]; Re 5>0]

Bee Olx
yale 2atwly.Ww eae )K.(w.)
te) Oakey:
+wSal l¥.(w )K. Ww aac )]
O aie dame
[Re b>|Im a|; Re p>0]

-b/
4, te ne) 2Y (w)K (wv)

{Re 6>|Im a]; Re p>0]

3.13.6. Y (fe) and the exponential function

2 l-p/2; —(l+v)/2
=¥ eo talieg
1. Y (ae ) yout
v/2, -v/2, -(v+l1)/2, -p/2
[Re p>|Re
v|; |arg a|<x]
 THE NEUMANN FUNCTION 305

x 1-30
2 —(1+v)/2, 1+p/2 |
2. Y (ae) 7G, a4
p/2, v/2, ~v/2, -Ww+l)/2
{Re p>-3/2; a>0]

3. (l-e“)*x ea ACH
Cel pee“k+l,3k+l] av2)
es Atk
purl (2K
-/x/ (2k) ) i p
XY (ae RREOLOTD

A(k,-v/2), Atk,-(+1)/2), A(k,-p-p)

[Re.p>-1; Re p>/|Re v|/(2k)]

4 (ee ise I (pt+l) 2k+1,0 as 2k A(k,-(v+1)/2),

5 peti k+1,3k+l) (2k Ken)

x ¥ (ae!) Rd peel
A(k,v/2), Atk,-v/2), A(k,-(v+1)/2)
[a>0; Re w>-1; Re p>-3//(4k)]

B Geet" (p) eat el ACaR)s

a a A(k,v/2),
{ A(k,-(v+1)/2)
x¥ (acl-e*)/)
A(k,-v/2), A(k,-(v+1)/2), A@,-p-p)
(Re p>0; Re p>/|Re v|/(2k)-1]

3.13.7. Y (ax) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: u,= [(ptb)?+a") ae

v=a | [por (ptb) aa

sinh bx 1 ae 2 = é
1. Y (ax) > CSC VIL E (v cosvm-—v)+Fu (Vv cosva-—v ]
v 2 -“- - ++ +
cosh bx
[inev|<(3+1)/2; ‘tie Re p>|Im a|+|Re 0]
306 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh bx u_ u,
2. Y ) (ax) > qeinet Inv,
cosh bx
[Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

3. sinh bx Y | (ax) jis

rie ayaa
se uinv,

[Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

sinh bx v +v+1
m 1 a La -p-v-1
4. x x 7%esc VIL] Cos vr [5]r (p-6b) Baa ee
cosh bx v+1
2

‘ oa 2 2 : (poh) *

¥ (p+by UF, pSes sores wae

-v [p-v+l
Beers 2ES5 Bet) Fe r
[5] (p=b) -pol
ee
(p+b) ay

F (ptby ee reve l-v:

2
[Re p>|Rev|-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re b}]
eat
sinh bx n n
5. x" x ol) csc vn d [uv Fuv yc Ss -_

ee a 2 dp" as Ne tae oa

XY (ax) -uvtuv
-—- + +
|
[|Re v|<(3+1)/2+n; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]
 THE NEUMANN FUNCTION 307

6. i sinh bx Y (ax) oo csc vn [(v_” - v,)cos va + v0. - v)

[|Re v|<1, v0; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|}

ion 1 2 2
le x sinh bx Y (ax) Jz (ln v_- Inv)

{Re p>|Im a|+|Re |]

3.13.8. Y (ax") and trigonometric functions

Notation: ie eae a Pe ces a

u,-[(ptib)?+a2} 1,
va" [prided (ptib) +a" |

sin bx i) | ch a
ile Y (ax) 7% ese vat [lv Fuv_ )cosvn —
v + + --
cos bx 1
Vv Vv
=e+ + a8 7 --DN)|

) +
[inev|<(3+1)/2; es Re p>|Im a|+|Im 0]

sin bx if?
2. Y ) (ax) (-u,Inv, tu _Inv_)
cos bx n{l

[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

ons Beak
3. sin bx Y, (ax) tek uInv,— +p*° ulnv_

(Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

308 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin ax 1 a v+6
4. x! Y (ax) _ cos Vit Ee ee x
COS ax

Dv
Dee SPe2Ns
4 1Os pe
7 +1,pee si
5) +6; 65,

v+ +4 1 (pheell op2a tea ate

p
2

1p
6-v

p-v+6+1

x P(u-v+6+1) ,F, 22v , APs, |

pew ves . Stay, l-v; - aa

2 2 2 p?

[Reu>|Re v|-1-6; Re p>2|Im a]; {5}

sin bx i ene a” ee “
5S. x Y (ax) 7 ese vat 5 [(ujv, Fu_v_ )cos va —
cos bx dp
-uvtu
++
v']
--

[|Re v|<(3+1)/2+n; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

6. + sin bx Y (ax) a> esc vat [(v, + v_”)cos va — v)+ v"] =

= ‘ sin [»
arcsin a csc vit xX

x|[¢
= =
Ee 4a
a|cos mn
- (= =
[ay 4a
|]

[|Re v|<l; v0; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]}

2
qe 1 sin bx Y (ax) 2 in eee arcsin 2 b

[Re p>|Im a|+|Im bj]

 THE NEUMANN FUNCTION 309

2
: 2 2
8. sin ax Y)(ax’) 1aal?o(rea)sia (85 - aU3)=

2 Lae
‘ valeE | 0s lea
6a 4]
[a,Re p>0]

+1/k +l/k
3.13.9. Y (ax ), J (ax ) and various functions

Notation: k = ——2——
2 2
{p +4a
M iio 4 cos (v1/2)
| ee x ———— ker, (V8 ap) =
¥xp| \sin(vx/2)
sin(a/x) » sin(vx/2)
x i} ab + kei, (V8 ap)
cos (a/x) cos (vx/2)

cos (a/x) v,(2) [a,Re p>0]

sin(a/ x) *

1 tad (: 4 cos (vn/2) 2 ,

2. = ie ste Ga [ker?/ ap) —ker’ /Fap |#
* | lcos (a/x) * sin(vn/2)
Ser sin(vx/2)
y,(3] + ker (V2 ap)kei (V2 ap)
E v v
sin(a/x) cos (vn/2)
[a,Re p>0]

3. Jy(ax¥ ,(ax) 2kEK

[Re p>2|Im a|]

2k
4. x J(ax)¥ 9 (ax) = 5 [IK(k) -E(k)]
Np
[Re p>2|Im a|]

5. x°J_.(ax)Y,(ax)
0 0 — es
2k) K-42) E(0)]
[Re p>2|Im a|]
310 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3
6. x J 9 2X) ¥9(ax) - 24 121-24) Kk) + +k 48k DEW]
1p
[Re p>2|Im a|]

7. J (ax)¥_ (bx) + “seve

Pyn(Egat)
ab
2 Zz 2

+J (bx)Y_ (ax) {|Re v|<1/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]]

=v, Vv

|2 2
8. J y(ax)¥ (bx) st
7 | 2 : -* ih)
nap +(atb) P
+ J (bx) Yo (ax) (Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

a v= 1
~(3v+1)/2 a 2
Le2
9. x (aVx)¥ (avx) _ Sie P exp|- $a ee )

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

10. J (aVx)¥ (bv x) a

+ Jy(bVX)Y ,(aV)

2 2 “1/2 as a*b
11. J(aVx)¥ 9(bx) Hi (p +b°) exp -—¢ 2 — Yo SRS OS REE
4p7+4b 4p7+4b
+2 J (bx)¥ (ax) [Re p>|Im }|}

12. x ax" Ns, Poe ir Ps stl lex

(2a AD Xo 3k+1,5k) \k

(A)
x Vo@x a)
A(l,-’), A(k,0), A(k, 1/2),

Atk, (u+v)/2), Atk, (u-v)/2),

Atk, (u—v—1)/2)

A(k,(u-v-1)/2), A(k,—(u+v)/2),

vam |
[Re (2kA+/y)>1|Re v|-2k; a@,Re p>0]
 THE HANKEL FUNCTIONS 311

3.14. THE HANKEL FUNCTIONS H (2), H” (2)

a Lge Laplace transforms of expressions containing H\” @) and

2 (2), one can also use the formulas

Dress = i. (-1)/vati $: ip
H > (z)=(-l)i esc val7_@)-e 1,0] =J ,(2)-(-DY (2),

where j=1,2, and the Sections 3.12 and 3.13.

3.14.1. H® (ax*"" and the power function

HP
1. HYD(ax) EE scwa ——_—__—_——_——_ -

ih dae sy
a

(p+4 moa ;
[j-1,2; |Rev|<l, v0; Re p>|Im
a|)

: 2 2
2. H? (ax) ee ee
ieee
[p24a?
[j=1,2; Re p>|Im a|]

eo be) |
3. xo )(ax) ca pian 1/24 jn PAP ta x
7Ye aie)
(p' +a’)
Be eau m
n(p?+a’)
[j-1,2; Re p>|Im a|]

Meas | 2 2
4. x Hy)(ax) - 3 atin) 2! eeerea|
Pata 2 2

[j=1,2; Re-p>|Im a@|]

312 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

-p-1/2
5. x “A”? (aVx) 2p 1 (us r1]r[u- F+1] x
™ 2 2 de
| a ee <a a (-1)'in
x exp|(1 “Pp. a Keysniige| ap
[j=1,2; Re p>|Re v|/2-1; Re p>0]

6. x'H!OD) (aVx) (a1)

ene 15 ys r [+g o * no) f
x
CO)Si
v
Ss ee

2 Hh
> MEU he
Xk oi ($5

[j=1,2; Re p>-1/2; Re p>0)

2 wes
7. x?
= ;
(ave) eye
Bey eenical le
tls ae a)
ma
[j=1,2; Re v<l; Re p>0]

8. x Ae
“H (avx) a”)
p So vn9 exp(- ee
ie (a*Z re
[(-p/ivn/2, lee

"i a?
is ae Kal$)
[j=1,2; |Re v|<l; Re p>0]

9. 1y® (<} 2H? (WTap)K 2ap)

[j=1,2; a,Re p>0]

3.14.2. He (alrey, “) and algebraic functions

agGlta?) SeHeeR ana pelt?)

7 2

here =
[j=1,2; 6>0; Re p>|Im a|]

2. x (al? =o?) ——
exp Data

Tp?ea? »
ae Fee j
x [iecn/ Ag eeboree™) aie!)
[j=1,2; 6>0; Re p>|Im a|}
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 313

ef a wa

[j=1,2; 6>0; Re p>|Im a|]

3.15. THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION / (z)

3.15.1. I (ax) and the power function

ene -| 2a
Notation: k ree

1. 1 (ax) aoe pA
[p?-a?
[Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a|]

Piss pt+v+l
2. x"I (ax) a ia x
i 2 p* v+1

2
oeVit epich Vite 2 en
«Fi Dye a 2 wets
[Re{pt+v)>-1; Re p>|Re a|)

3. x°I (ax)
(2a) *T(v+1/2)
Vv Vat aat). 4

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Re a|}

1 v
v+l BN T'(v+3/2)a
4. x I (ax) wena hg ro tia

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a|]

314 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

n ORES
n n vd
KK es T (ax) (-l) a SY aS
dp liciea*

[Re v>-n-1; Re p>|Re a|]

ae (p+vd p?-a?)

6. xI Vv (ax)
(ee \inepe oe
[Re v>-2; Re p>|Re a|]

-1/2 [2 B
Tx 1 (ax) na Cele

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Re a|]

8. 21 (ax) or (pela mae a;

[Re v>0; Re p>|Re a|]

9. L1(ax aba [pelptea? |

x vive io

[Re v>1; Re p>|Re a|]

-1/2 [2
10. x I (ax) k na KM

[Re p>|Re
a|]

1/2 k?
Il. x I (ax) oe )
(1h yA dea:
[Re p>|Re
a|]

3/2 ie 2 2
12. x I ,(ax) [2 (2-k DEK)
-(1k )K (4))
8(1-k?) "dana
(Re p>|Re a}]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 315

7
13. Ped 0 (ax) k [(23-23k2+8k*)
E(k) -
32(1-k7) dina?
~4(1-k?) (2-k?) K(k)
[Re p>|Re a|]

s\-43 [(2-k) E(k) -21-k VK]

au

[Re p>|Re a|]

1
1{2- [(2-k2) 2 K(k) -2E(k)]
[Re p>|Re a}]

a -E)-20-49
KH)
pera 2na°
[Re p>|Re a|]

Bp
eee Ee 2,4
17 tk EW =
Py ay Se Be
~(1-k*) (2-k)K(&)]
[Re p>|Re a|]

18. peel1 (ax) 415 [24 1(16-16k2+k

nk?
4)E(k) -8 1-k) (2-k)K()]
[Re p>|Re
a|]

l _16b242b4 erte (9
19. sgl 1 (ax) led [(16-16k°+3k )K (k) -8 (1-k’) (2-k E(k)

[Re p>|Re a|]

316 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

20. x!/ *1,(ax) l [(16-16k2-+44)

E(k) —
2KUE=R
DA 2ROT
-8(1-k) (2-k)K (k)]
[Re p>|Re a|]}

k
21. x71 (ax) [(16-16k?-k*) (1-7) K(k) -
$ G2)
442aa>
-2(2-k7) (4-4
-KA)E(k]
[Re p>|Re a|]}

re
Doe ley, 2 (ax) (4(2-2k?-K*) (2-K)x
22C1Ek oan
x(k?) K (k) —(16-32k2+9k
4+7984) E(k)]
(Re p>|Re a|]}

RY
23! 1,(ax) i $45 5 Pe5 [(128-256k7+99k4+29k°+8k3)x
aU

<(2-k?) E(k) — 2(1-k?) (128-256k? +

$123k
4+5k°+2k°) K(k)
[Re p>|Re a|]

3
24. x1 (ax) as [(128-128k2-k) (1-k?) Q-EK@®-—
gos |
cif

-2(128-256k?
+135k4 -7k°-8) EK]
[Re p>|Re a|]

4
25, xv! 1,(ax) vis | ((128-128k7+3k*) (2-2) E(k) -
~2(1-k*) (128-128k?+27k4) K(k]
{Re p>|Re aj]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 317

26. x! 2 3 (4%) 2 [(128-128k7+15k*) (2-2)

K(k) —
15k° ¥ina
~2.(128-128k7+23k*)
Ed]
[Re p>|Re a|]

Lil x'/71 (ax) i [(128-128k743k4) (2-k2)x

6k° (1-k7?)42na?
x E(k) -2(1-k?) (128-128k7+27k4)
K(4)]
{2 p>|Re al}

28. xr 3 (4x) Se
28-198 kV O-k)«
242 5
8k(1-k~ ) 1 2na

x(1—k) K (k)-2(128-256k2+135k4—-7k°-k°)
E(k)]
[Re p>|Re a|]

29. Pid 3 (4%) _k [(128-256k7+99k4+-29Ko+

39/1
kee a Daviess
+ 8k°) (2-k2) E(k) — 21 -k) (128-256k7+
+ 123k4+5k°+2k9)K
()]
[Re p>|Re a|]

1 a ae) ee
30. 5 U1, (ax)]
pide txa?
{Re p>|Re a|]

3315.2; 1 (ax!) and the power function

2
avn a a a?
1. I (aV¥x) 4p?! 2¢xP fa Ty-/2 ($5 + L41y/2 3
[Re v>-2; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]
318 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2
Lexy |2=
Pp 4p)
[Re p>0; |arg a|<zx]

3. I,(aVx)

[Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

& : I,(avx)
sf(--temC
[Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

p+v/2+1 v
| eee F
ew laa
v+1 pe
[Re (2u+v)>-2; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

v 2 2
(2/a) v-1 a ae
Pie e exo ($5 (¥ ‘)
[Re p>0; |arg a|<zx]

2)° -avi . a ek

ais aul 4p
[Re v,Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

3)°'e9(55)
(Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

2)
(5)mee (Z5] 2-35)
= < Peni)
—
a i !
—~-n-l a
a,
v aint
an
\—) ~ ~~8 ~

[Re v>-n-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

JEp “xP ex(2-|1,,(2-

8p} v/2\8p
(Re v>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 319

2 2
Nox! 1,(aVz) Pp 8p) 0\8p
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

12. x!) (aVx) april? xP 8p 4p) 0\8p}) 4p 1|8p

[Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

1 ig a?
13. x I, (avx) malice exp aa

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n)

14. x°/ 21,(aVx)

ae Gc as
+-(+¥5}4 (89)
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

15, +7 (avs) se) ol3)-nf 2

[Re p>0; |arg a|<x)

[Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

op
a
exp(45]
a
4p
[Re p>0; |arg a|<nx)

18. x1 (a¥x)
(Re p>0; |arg a|<nx}

a oN a‘
19. x71 (a¥x) wh
2p?
Z|
4p
exe($5]
4p
[Re p>0; |arg a|<x]
~ 320 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

20. x °! 1 (avx) srwool5)(82(83)- (83)(8

(Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

rie eT Kava)
ap
e Ai
(Re p>0;
oo(t-43—4
4p)
2)

|arg a|<n]
4?
4p

Frese} 87)
2 2
22. Sead es
(avx) p 8p) 1\8p
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

Wag 2 2 2 2 2
23. x!?1, (avx) a exp|
pol?
Ea ay ay
8p)|4p O0l|8p
eg Ere 2s ey Be
4p) 1|8p
[Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

2 2
24. x I,(avx) 4p?
2 exp (4)
4p
[Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

25. x*?1 (av)

7 2 4 2
: ee
PY
TePp
ay
[Re p>0: |arg a|<n]

ph utl aN a?
at a?z
26. og x
(x42)

x I (av x+z) [Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|,|arg z|<x]

~vni/2 p+i/2 sa a ia)**

c
Zi: on ar Oy
l1-1)/2 1,2k| |2k x
(2x)'

( ] 1} ACl,-p)

P) |A(k,v/2), A(k,-v/2)
[/<2k,; Re(2ky+lv+2k),Re p>0; |arg al<n])
or [/=2k; Re p>|Rea|; |arg a|<n]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 321

3.15.3. ie (ofSane 2) and algebraic functions

2
Notation: z (2712 (pe p —a

1. Inladx2+xz J
(pea?) /? expt

[Re p>|Rea|; |arg z|<n]

x" =)! u+v/2

2. Z| Jenin
(x+z) F v+l

x1, (adx? +x2)

x Ws j2-yv/2 2+)

[Re(2y+v)>0; Re p>|Re al;

bes
T(nt+v/2+1) ef2/2y,
(x2+-xz) x 2 Sn pe tae) (2p+v+1)/4

x1, (al x?+x2)

2 (-1)*(v/2-),
0M RIT (k+v+1)
Zz Ip? a’)
XK pine(ysiy/2 5
(Re(2y+v)>-2; Re p>|Re al;

eve
7 eg VO ei tae
x (pads) ba exp(z_)
ER TE ym

x1, (a x Sy [Re v>-1; Re p>|Re al;

Cpe hex
neal z iy. p
vn aa?
x1, (afPay) [Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a];

08 Zz,
pz/2
: x 1/2 (=| Ae (=|
eens
(Re v>-1; Re p>|Re al;
x1, (ab x? 4x2 )
322 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

7, ————_ x 2 [expt ) el}

[Re p>|Re a|; |arg z|<n]

2 |
8. x74+xz x = ar(4 Daa exp(z_)
(Peds)
x1, (abx2 +x2 ) (Re p>|Re
a|; |arg z|<n)

3.15.4. 1) (a xb a) and algebraic functions

Notation: vy=b (ned p 23 a 2)

2 fxg v/2-pt+l bp/2

1. x pol (b-x) ~p
, x ahs e M (u,)
v+l,. v+l 1/2-p,v/2 >"+
94
x1, (a4 bx-x ) XM 1 72,v/24

[u,-2"'b (1D a a z =) ; Re v<2Re p<Re v+2; b>0]

2. 6(x-b)x (p’-ay 1 exp|—al p?— a?)

x I (ad x?-57) [b>0; Re p>|Re
a|]

p(1+84 p?-a?)
3. 6(x-b)x x
(p?-a2)3/? exp - p?-a”)
x1, (al x?-67) [b>0; Re p>|Re
al]

v me (9+ 1)72
4. (7 -b?)t x (5} (26) P(ptv/2+1),
Z Jqlpinas) ee
x1, (af x?= 57] k
(-1)*(v/2-p), 7,
x}
k=0
bins) |oe
24 p?-a?

pis eee
Kienenayel P =a" )
[Re(2u+v)>-2; b>0; Re p>|Re al}
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 323

2_grvw2y ¥2b6/n(ab)” sljpea ne

ots atte Ta Kosa MY -a”)
x1, (a Fag?) [Re v>-1; 5>0; Re p>|Re
a|]

22a /2 Vee li
» (x -b y x tale) Xals"|

x1,( sa, [Re v>-1; 5>0; Re p>|Re

a|]

2v/2. eine 3:42 p plaziee

x(x" =o), ibe a Eaves a Kwaal P -a”)
x1, (al x?-57) [Re v>-1; 5>0; Re p>|Re
al]

(1+v¥p)/2
“Mut /2 i
ie -b), abe
| Wa u/avf2@? x

H (bP)
v+l1

x (xtb) is ax -b XM, /2,y/2

[Re(v¥p)>-1; 5>0; Re p>|Re al]

: (x?-07)"!? x colli ie kn ON pea |

(pxlp?—a?) '

x +b) %7 (a x20?) [Re v>-1; 6>0; Re p>|Re

a]

A/2. b 1 nd 2 2
Ge ee alDae
ey a CDi
aS oe aa) 75 exo(- eT: )

xt, (a Po) [b>0; Re p>|Re

a|]

2-1/2,
Cm =p)! 1 [exp(-f p?-a?) - e

wt (Fa?) [b>0; Re p>|Re

al]

x(x? Be x see Beshean (=Hp 2a?) Ler

1, (a Rob") [b>0; Re p>|Re

a]
324 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.15.5. exp(—bx")I (ax) and the power function

Notation: u,= Sb pratvp-a)

v= Vp(Vb+atVb-a)
—_: 4fe1,(ax)-1] -2 In YetYp-2a
[Re p,Re(p-2a)>0]

2 xy -3/2.,
s[P[3- 2([23)
[2 Tn 2a

x [e"7 (ax) -1] [Re p,Re(p-2a)>0]

eI Vv
(ax) 21 Vv u)K
ae Vv
Ww)+
{Re 6>0; Re p>|Re a|]

ri 5s "1 (ax)=}5)
Qalu_'I(u_)K,(u,)~ u,'I,(u)Ky(u,))
a sy

[Re 6>0; Re p>|Re a|]

Ser bes eae) Saree 16a)“\ Ky 0\ 16a(7s

[Re a,Re b>0]

6.. x
Drenee
ey 2 1 }raeg]1) 27a) Fe eee exp; p—
Gx) r[veg

2
‘ee
x W sy/2,v/2 Ef|
[Re v>-1/4; Re a,Re p>0]

1/2,~ax? (aap) dt 2 tip) al ope

7. xe x PUL 4) exe(Ba} F(a: F.|
Sele 1/ 4(ax’) [Re a,Re p>0]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 325

Yzperti/2 shitter Da”

8. x" exp(-ax"/4) > On? k+l, 2k k x

(4)! A(l,-p), A(k,1/2)
xl 3 (ax!/*)
P) ~lAtk,v), A(k,-v)
[Re(kptlv)>-k; Re a,Re p>0]}

=| =I
2alv_1,v)K,
0) —», 1,@)Kye))
[Re b>|Re a|; Re p>0]

21,W)K,0,)
[Re 5>|Re a]; Re p>0)

tS 2 va) n+l
| i2a) ss Fs [n+3s eevee
p+v+2 Va
u-vt+l v
w+v+2; 2ap]+ | |e. F tees
eye lale 2 je Die
Weyl |)Fe

V=p, 2v+1; 2ap|

(Re .>-3/2; Re a,Re p>0]

-1/2 -a/x a
PAs € 1,(3] [2 U)(%8 ap) = L)(V8ap)]

[Re a,Re p>0]

VE DY Poe BE i kok BS
13. x"exp(-ax!/*) x (an) Rr ?? 2k+1,2k) (2a

(A)
A(l,-p), A(k,1-v), call
«I (ax)
A(k,1/2)
(Re 1>-1-//(2k), Re a,Re p>0)
326 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.15.6. 1 (e *)) and the exponential function

a " v |pt+l, ptv

1. (-e*)"7 (ae) (5} r aR eee
v+l,pt+ptv+1

vt], Qtwtytl ptwtv+2, a")

’ D2 ’ 2 ’ 4

[Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0]

> v ut+l, (p+v)/2

ROC Seauas 4—T x
2 (pt+v) /2+p+1,v+1

x I (ae) 2
ode v+1 nr 2s +1; |
[Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0]

~2kx/ |p Rened).evesel k,l 2k

ah (IC in . GP axel (ia) Xx
2k :
x1 (ae *) \ A(1,1-Ip/(2k))
(2k) * |Ack,v/2) ,A(k,-v/2),

aes]
[Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0]

4. exp(-ae
*) x TPE pe
Tyaf 2 YrpPtidve | pty ;-2a]
—X.

x 1 (ae ) [Re(p+v) >0]

5: exp(—ae")I. (ae") (2a)? > ME + tai

Va ptv+l1 (p-v)T(vt+1)

xX,F, vty, v—p; 2v+1, v-p+li-2a]

[Re a>0; Re p>-1/2]

 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION Jor

aN agers) 1
6. 6(x-d) x
[5] (p+v) TP(v+1) F,[r+y. Rv Ye

x exp(tae “)/tae’) 2Qv+1, ptv+l; +200]

[b,Re(r+v) >0]

a Ye p+1,ptv
Tel seehe5c (5} Tr x
v+l,p+pt+v+1

x exp(tae
*)/e (ae*) xP, [v+5. v+p; vel p+wty+1;#2a]

[Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0]

Te
V20 (p+) 1 Gh: tl [ants
8 (l-e *%)"x (any */? k+l, 2k+l

X exp(-ae_ ih x 1 [Ads I-p), Ack, 1/2)

5 6 (ae ey k*lackv), ACk,-v), AQ,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; Re(kp+lv)>0]

p [v-p,p+1/2
9. UEP some | hat» pty; p-v+l,
x18 pt+v+1
Vie leo Vv
X< exp( -ae")I_ (ae’) pt+v+1;- 2a)+ [5]tr x
v+l,ptp-v+l1

x F,[v+> v—-p-p; 2v+1, l+v—-p; -2a]

(Re p>-1; Re a>0; Re p>-1/2])

-p-1
¥20(pt+1) 1 +1,k k
10. (l-e *)"x k/2 Gian (2a) Xx
(27)
x expi-ae x 1
A(k,1/2), A(l,ptp+l1) |
x1, (ae!
k*lAad,p), A(k,v), A(k,-v)
[Re p>-1; Re a>0; Re p>-//(2k)]
328 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

p
Z
11. dey (2] T(p) ae (a)

x1, (ad oe) [Re v>-1; Re p>0]

ora Bp) gk! (iay2* [AGW

12 =e eX
pe bth) Cony2* |ackv/2),

xT ace 4)
Atk,-v/2), ve,
(Re(2kp+/v)>-2k; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

¥21~°T(p) Akkel a ON
138 doe
Cin EE ae
A(k, 1/2)
=xil/k
xexp[-a(l-e ) ]x
A(k,-v), A(,-p-p)

x1 (a 629) UES [Re(ku+lv)>-k; Re p>0]

¥21
PP (p) pk, k+l bar sh
14. d-e*)"*x
Oceana Vey ate NCA ieay
Atk, l-v), A(k,1+v)
xexp[-a(1 Lahr hx
A(l,-"-p) |

xT (ad-e 5 [Re >-1-//(2k); Re a,Re p>0]

15. (l-e*)"*x
Vil +L kel | pk
(aap Hate aoe eS eR
1 A(dl,l—-p), A(k,l-v), A(k,A+v)
x exp{-a(e*=1)"4y Xx
“ay * A(lp+1), A(k,1/2)
x I (ace*-1)"” 2) (Re(kyt+lv)>-k; Re a>0; Re p>-//(2k)]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 329

s ptp
16. er 5" (2%)
¥21
k/2+1 RV (ptpt 1)
Go|
k+l,2k+l
ar x
fi Adl,1—p), A(k,1/2)
x exp[—a(e*-1) EN i.
k 1A(,p+1), Atk,v), A(k,-v)

x AC [Re p>-1-//(2k); a,Re(kp+lv)>0]}

m/2
3.15.7. J(ax ”") and hyperbolic functions

Notation: u,= [(ptb)?-a7\"/?,

v-a! [pto+d (ptb) erect
our 2
z,=(ptb) u-v mF ee B+; v+1; atl

a (p+b)

sinh bx 1 bs >
1. T (ax) 7 (u_v_F uv,
cosh bx
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

sinh bx lis v ptv+l

2. x! x 3(3) r (z_¥z,)
cosh bx v+l1
x 1 (ax) [Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5)

sinh ax -v v+6 p+v+6+1

cosh ax Lith ial v+1 a

Z
2ve3 2v+l 6. 6+, Listy, vl: 4a
<I (ax)
: 4 4 2 2
p

[Retnew>-1-8 Re p>2|Re al; {a}

sinh bx v-lov
Aa y 2 a r[v+3] Cipla: ue)
cosh bx vn
x I (ax) [Re v>-(3+1)/4; Re p>|Re a|+|Re b|]
330 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh bx Vv
2v+3_ 2v+3
5. xe x a r{v+3] [(p-b)u + (p+b)u, ]
cosh bx As

x1 (ax) (Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|)

‘. sinh bx (<1) "a"

: Vv. aay
6. x x (av Fuv.)
2 dp* -- ++
cosh bx
<I Vv (ax) [Re v>-(3+1)/2-n; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

1 sinh bx 1 —v_ -v
Flies I. (ax) Tag Ue ou Us )
* cosh bx} *
[Re v>-(1+1)/2; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5]

1 sinh bx
a l-v— I~ a -I-v_ -
8. ") x
aval oe eedle ee )
x (cosh bx
x T (ax) [Re v>(1¥1)/2; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

Le: Hage ees

9, nesinh bx I (4x)
Ih
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re b|)

v
a,-2 -2 a +
10. i sinh bxJ - (ax) 9, HO pore
x
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re |]

1s 1 ries ae
11. x sinh bxX
eee a Ei 7o=75)
x 1,(avx) [Re p>|Re b|]

“4 a’ p : a*b
12. xo 2 einh bx x
EAL 4p°-4b
ABER Wa a ees
PER PST
4p°-4b
x1, (avx) [Re p>|Re
}|]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 331

3.15.8. I (ae *) and hyperbolic functions

e 8

. sinh(ae ") Z ied F a 2v+26+1

cosh(ae *) 2” (p+v+6)P(v41) aot 2” 4

x I (ae *) Punters. b+5, Seve pots, a |

Peet
3.15.9. I(ax ce and trigonometric functions

1/2
Notation: r= [p?-a? 40+ 1 (7+ (p+a) 7) (67+ (p-a)”)
2
RaQ ab) 2446°p’, u,-[(ptib)’-a’) oa

v.-a'|ptibed (ptib) 2—a?],

be UP Pe es 2 4b p? tp-a—b>| 1/2
z b
Z
z,=(ptib) © "LF, wit ea v+1; — ;
4 (ptib)
tan 6-2, 2bp cot In=p'-a'-b’, p=arg(p?-a’-b’-2ibp)

sin bx 1 i as E.
1. IVv (ax) 9) (uv,
ot
Fuv_)
cos bx 1
[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im }]]

sin bx Zo ey ey heels2
Ze T (ax) 55S JCS
ta eas
x6 )Be
cos bx V2R
[b>0; Re p>|Re a|]

!
3.. sinsin bxbx I,
I, (ax (ax)
a yPaw?
oSpies
eeeee

[Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

332 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

J 24?
4. cos bx I ; (ax) cos(8-1)-1|
a R
[Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

v |utv+l (i

(4) °
(Re(ut+v)>-(3+1)/2;
v+1 1
(z,¥z_)
Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5{]

Vv

- 7124) r[v+3] [w?-a?—1?)7+

vn

-(2v+1)/4 (sin[(v+1/2)]
+ 46p"|
cos [(v+1/2)]

[Re v>-(3+1)/4; Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

1 v
a) r{v+3] [(p+ibyu2” * 35 (p-ibyu? v+3
+ ]

v
=F 2(2a) r{v+3] eee
Wn ?
22 -(2v+3)/4 1 (5
+ 4b°p | cos [(v+3/2)p]+
p
Dp
| }itona/a
b

(Re v>-(5+1)/4; Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5]]

i: n ov{i n “ s
(1 5 g d (uv, F uv’)
|
Ie
[Re v>-(3+1)/2-n; Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 333

$ 1 sin bx
oS I (ax)
imo l eee. oy
* locos bx] ” 2v} fOr FP?

[Re v>-(1+1)/2; Re p>|Re a|+|Im |]

1 sin bx
f a ( l-v_ _l-vw
10. 7} x 1, y PUK Gee =
x {cos bx

XJ (ax)
ey a ey)
Vv 4v (v+1) + Shade
[Re v>(1¥1)/2; Re p>|Re a|+|Im b}]

3w, w_(pw, +bw )--bw?9- pw?

11. x sin bx T,(ax)
ZS

[Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5{]

| ae qa ly
12. > sin bx T,(ax) arcsin —

[Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|)

aw_(2w?- w?)
13. x sin bx I \ (ax)
Gwtaw?y 3
[Re p>|Re a!]+|Im 5|]

sin bx 1 Rsiny-b
14. I 1 (ax)
|=
=
cos bx ¢ -R cos n+p
[Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

15. Lo sin bx e, (ax) i [«

ce )sin 26- Rip-
ules
p +b
x
Rsinnt+ap
Rsinnt+ q 7452.
+b sind
|

Rcosnt+4ip
1, 2+52
20080
[Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]
334 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

fi 2 2
Les Ei a ae
16. x sin bx I, (a¥x) 5[i( ap ¢a75) . Ei(z5275)
(Re p>|Im
5}}

2 2» a7b
17. — sin bx 1 (avx) @ cxP ; 7) Sit |=
x 4p +4)
[Re p>|Im 5|])

sin
18. {Stax
1/ (2k)
r}x
Va th ee Pye ayer
nie pe 2k+1, 4k

(A)
A(i,-p) , A(k,1/4), A(k,3/4)
x xT Gx)
Atk, (v+6)/2), A(k,-v/2),

A(k,(1-6+v)/2), A(k,(1-v)/2)

[arep>0; Re(2ky+ly)>-2k-5/; {i} |

Ga peri/2 keke | k ae
sin a
19. {icsler omen Omi ne 4k+1,2ki (a

1)/|4Q,-»), A (k,1-(v+6)/2),
(5)P) |A(k,1/4),,
p a
xl eran) A(k, 3/4)
Bde ahah tate |

[arep>0; 4k Re p>-4k-l; {3}

+1x/k +lx/k
3.15.10. I (ae ) and trigonometric functions of e~

Notation: 6-{j}

:
sin(ae_°)
—X. vt+6 oes
a
f. facts 5 }x 2° (p+v+6)
TPGvel) > “| a4v46)/2,
(2v+26+1)/4, (2v+25+3) /4; i
x1 (ae”)
Vv
§+1/2, v+(6+1)/2, (v+pt+) /2+1
[Re(p+v) >-6]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 335

bi ine? % Ox)oyae {sin(»sea} \+

cos (ae ) Ye vtp+l cos{| 2

e até (v+6-p) /2,

x I (ae*) ae eee
ee
2° (p-v-TP6)
(v+1) ‘1- (p-v-6)/2,

(2v+26+1) /4,(2v+26+43)/4; “
6+1/2, v+l, v+1/2+6
[a>0; Re p>-1/2]

; 2k} AC,1-p),
3. (-e*)"x are
Vv2p" a ee 7]
: Atk, (v+5)/2),
sin, _-lx/(2k)
Atk,1/4), A(k,3/4)
x {sirax r}x
A(k,-v/2), A(k, (1-6+v)/2),

Solar a)

A(k,1-v)/2), A(l,-p-p)

[Re p>-1; Re(2kptlv)>-6]]

ex bot otal 2k| A(k,1/4),

p
lea »P),

ear tx A(k,3/4)
os A(k,(v+6)/2),A(k,-v/2), Atk, 1-5+v)/2),

<I (ax! @™®)

id A(k, 1-v)/2)
(Re p>-1; a>0; 4kRe(u-p)</)

3.15.11. 1)(f(%)) and the logarithmic function

Notation: t=4 p Je gi

1. Inx I) (@x) Ffin (p+t) —2 In t-In 2-C]

[Re p>|Re a|]

336 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1
2
a 2p Bi a
2. Inx I,(avx) = 5 exp(45 [in Ge Bi( $a]

3. xo in seI, (avx)

4. 6(x—-5)In(x+b) x +[ein Ope LD.- oEi(-260 “4

0
x1, al x?-57) +4 LeEi(-bt-bp) — & Ei (bt—bp))
1
[Re p>|Re a]; 6>0)

5. InxI,(alx?+x2]
peel inech He aa) fe

Sagal [Ei(-ee . Bi(-t2)]}

[Re p>|Re a]; |arg z|<n]

6. In(x+z) Xx
~ epi/2 [e"*in z (p+ ) _ gt#/2Bi_, |

x Iga x?+x2) [Re p>|Re a]; |arg z|<x]

3.15.12. I (ae *) and inverse trigonometric functions

wae pt+v Ps

pleted: v+i,(p+p+v+1)/2,(p—p+v+1) /2

x cos(parccos e *) x 4
x Fs [priv ptptvth p-ptv+lopeay2
9) x ak

x1 Vv (ae”) [Re(p+v)>0]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 337

3.15.13. J (ax"y1 (ox!) and the power function

1/2
2D 20502
Notation: k = a
v2 [ip ?+a2—b*) 44a b?
1 1/2
r=? ie kg +(p+b)? (a 24 p= b)? ) |
v2
=ni€2v+1) 4 2442p?
1. J v (ax)I_ v (bx) ££ava dg v-1/2 Caan
2iab

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

2 2) 1/4
2 J (ax) 1 (bx) 2ik. d- K(k)

[Re p>|Im a]+|Re 6]

3. J, (ax), (bx) ae "eab (ky -1/44TB) - 1 -k)K

(0)
nuva

[Re p>|Im a|+|Re }|]

4, Jax), (bx) Seats ivan [(1-k?) (2-3k)K (&)—

3nd abk?

— 2(1-2k)E()]
(Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|)

Dm 5/4
5. J,(ax)I,(bx) 21k)
1 (8-23k7+23k)E(K) -
l5nVabk

~ (1k?) (8-19k7+15k4)K(4)]
(Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

eH Ss oo 2k+A+ut+v+1
6. x‘r (ax)I (bx) Del a a bs
pei)
Se 1
ye x
» : pies a eat CT Whar kevel

a*|(b ~
XoF —k, —k-v; p+; are (35

[Re(Atp+v)>-1; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

338 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(a/2) 20 seca AS
nr
UB os J (ax) (ax) 4
pe eee ei vel v+l, v/2+1,
- 4a‘/ A
(v+1)/2
[Re(A+2v)>-1; Re p>|Re a|+|Im a|]

Artal waved] Pal

. r
eae
=4 |x
8. x7 (axrx

<I v (bx)
-v
eas y-
(ee
[Re(u+v)>-1/2;
=

Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

ON
1 b- =a 2 ab
9. x J (ax)T (bx) Cone oer
5x0 ap }{aoe +4d)J ia +

- 2
+ ab(4np+8p-b)J,_, ($2)— [16n(n+2)p™-

2 b’(4pnta’) +b"), ($2)}

[Re p>|Im a|+|Re

|]

3/2
2p(k _ 12\3/4 fe
10. x J (ax) 1 (6x) ales (1-k)" [2E(k)-K(k)]
[Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

Liex J, (ax)I (bx) — vee 1-2) 4K

n(ab)

= (1-2k)E(k)]
"(Re p>|Im aj+|Re d|]

2 2-1/4 Pam
12. x J (ax) I, (bx) (1-k) (20. -k°+k )E(k)-
n(ab) 3 POS s
=(1-k?) (2-7) K()]
[Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 339

13. x J,(ax)1,(bx) —
PP 914 (8-154
+344)x
3n(abk)

x (1-k2)K (k) - (8-1924+.9k4

6k) E(k) J
[Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|)}

14. J,(aVx)I,
(6x) aoe Beep |, ——o
, 2

pb? Ape =46" 4p“-4b

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Re
5|]

15. - J J, (aVx)1_ ne(bv) p &xP b*-a*),

4p vl (ab
2p

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

wiv c ¥ os) 2k
16. x‘J (aVx)x pene! s)
x Zee Thode Ly atrke
KI
x1 (bvx) k+A+ (wtv)/2+1 ee
“ xT oF | 4 k-vitl5—>
k+v+l1 b
[Re(2A+p+v)>-2; Re p>0]

2, 2
1 b°-a
exp (2go*—|{abca 2 -4D)J 4) Ee
ab
17. xJ,,,,(aV¥x) x eae

x1, (bvx) - ab(4np+8p+a°)J,_ ($2)+ (16n(n+2)p"+

+a 2 (4np-a yea" lJ,(EEh;

[Re p>0]

3.15.14. JG Ye) and the exponential function

2v
1. J. (ae)I_ (ae*) tala Fes
. q (p+2v) T° (vt1)
4
vt+2 p+2v,,,._a
252 pete 1; $3
[Re(p+2v)>0]
340 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(p+v) 12 uty
ee Mee al Tr 2X
v+1,1+(p+v)/2+p] 2”
2
xJ m (ehitea SOLE |ogtet Lay lee
a al 2 4

x1 (ae *) [Re p>-1; Re(p+v)>0)

3.15.15. ¥ (ax! 1 (ax!) and the power function

2 2
1 a l a
1. Y )(a¥x)I)(avx) EUG eaealon

(Re p>0]

Poe) (ut+1)/2, p/2+1; -a‘p 7/16

2. xy (aVx)I (av) eee mt
nv p> 1/2, 1-v/2, 1+v/2

RicP-v--).p* *Fe21'3/2, «G=v)7/2,

4-2
-a p “/16 é ar cosva yp -v, ptv+l ,

(3+v) /2 2 ay aes es v+1

cis (u+v)/2+1; ton

2° 3
(v+1)/2, v/2+1, v+l
[Re p,Re(u+v)>-1; Re p>0]

2k
3.tea
x'¥_ (ax!) x ste aS a LyDek
tN
Ea CaeiKe
ih! oe2|
V2 (2n) 8k *

I]AC,-p), A(k,1/4), A(k,-1/4)

x Dex x (4)
P) 1A(k,0), A(k,1/2), A(k,¥/2),

A(k,1/4), A(k,-1/4), A(k,-v/2)

[Re p>-1; Re(2ku+/v)>-2k; Re p>O for [<4k;
Re p>|Re a|+|Imal! for /=4k]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 341

3.15.16. T (ax) I (bx) and the power function

Notation’ k=2v ab [pogo ye

7s Pa arse POA ab) :

1 2 st inlSd)
1. 1 (ax)I (6x) oni 2ab
[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

k
ae I (ax) 1, (bx) K(k)
nvVab
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

2 2 2a
3. I) (ax) 2-x(2¢|

[Re p>2|Re a|]

1 2a 1
4. I (ax)t (ax) +x (74|- Wa

[Re p>2|Re a|]

5. 1,(ax), (bx) —| (2-2) K()-2EH))

nk¥ab
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

73
6. 1?(ax) 2, [1-225] (24)-»(24)
Na Pp
[Re p>2|Re a|]

eX
x

I (ax) (6x)
7 veb Vv

ghey yhenevel |

AeweV2. wei, wt; Pp2,re Pp2 |

A+ptv+l

p+l ,v+l hee

2

[Re(At+p+v)>-1; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

342 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

AD aa A+p+v+1 544
r a
8. x I (ax)I (ax) [3] Tr 1a ae ’
4 p 2 pt+l,v+l cas
Bevel, Atpavel Atpoye?, eld vei,

2
ut+v+1; 4a |
2
p
[Re(At+p+v)>-1; Re p>2|Re a|]

9,535 ntyrdsen /2 abe 2u+2v+ (3£1)/2

a. x SS x
py eee ie es PE ut+l, v+l

et (ax)I (bx)
a xF, ptvt+l, ptvt+It untve lta; pt+l, v+l1;

woes 2 ,_ 24 ,
PNP ea! 2
Pp Pp
[Re(u+v)>-(3+1)/4; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|)

10, xtvtdtD/25 a" bY ‘ w+1t1/2

aa 2
v=p- (1 £1) 72 vn v+l
x

i (ax)I (bx) 5 -y-1F1/2 1 1

i xX (y+) Ee utvts, VF,

2 2 2 2
ptvelti. v+1; a Rains 1 =
2 pay
by b“+y
[Re p>-(3+1)/4; Re p>|Re a|+|Re b|]}

4v 2v [v+1/2,2v+1/2
I. x? (ax) ZB ES |
pre Mae a
|.

2
l 2vtaiv+l;
x oF [wh 1 . ay
4a

[Re v>-1/4; Re p>2|Re a|]

 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 343

2 -

12.
N xl; (ax)
T(2v+1/2) lon iasa]
ae a -1/4 p

[Re v>-1/4; Re p>2|Re a|]

13. xil2y (ax)

[Re v>-3/4; Re p>2|Re a|]

74 (2a)
Bar ble
aven(vedvr4), F [rt vty3.
14. x 1 (ax)
itp

2v+1; =|
Pp
[Re v>-1; Re p>2|Re a|]

-1/2 1) ,-u
[25 (ax) X y r{n+ve9] Ppl -
ph

x I (6x) 2 2
SC Pie ——
p-1/2 y
[Re(ut+v)>-1/2; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

[2avpvtl/2 Y are
MA
Lip? -(at+b) 2p eas by
[Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|)

17, x'!? ee
977th
-ni(v+1/2)

|p tpe—4e
raves) ory [ete 2 2

xP
~1/4 Pp
[Re v>-5/4; Re p>2|Re al]
344 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

[ep frre [fer 4a"

18. x7 (ax) x p -1/4 p -1/4
x I Vv (ax) [Re p>2|Re a|]

19. x7 (ax) x

x1 (ax)
Vv

[Re p>2|Re a|]

2
20. x I) (ax) eS 2 es A 2 ia
fe
®(peida ieee
[Re p>2|Re
a|]

22 2p 2a) 4a 4a 2a
21. x 1) (ax)
nu(p
2 -4a~)22 2x[2] - p
ao p
as p(24}
[Re p>2|Re
a|}

a2
22. x 1) (ax)
p
2 4
4a
[iu 20a
20g2) 32a
320"
p p

4,2
23. x 1 (ax)

«|
[rsedtgt 24s
p
2

p4
4
2 192a
p6
6

«(4
Bat fas.868 16a‘ 1924 |>(2s]|
, 2 2 4 6

2 4 6
Pp P Pp
[Re p>2|Re a|]}
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 345

1
24. a I ,(ax)I, (ax) iP tas
2a na p
[Re p>2|Re a|]

25. x [)(ax)I, (ax)

el toe) Pe)
wa P45

[Re p>2|Re a|]

Pp Pp p

2
26. x Tj(ax)1, (ax)

3
27. all axl 1 (ax)

[Re p>2|Re a|]

29.
scales) -[-*e3]e(28}|-4
[Re p>2|Re a|]

30. xl tax)
= : (24) 4 2 ser2 lo(2¢
n(p -4a’) se p
[Re p>2|Re a|]

2 2
31. x7] *(ax) 44, (24) = 427
up(p -4a ) P p

[Re p>2|Re a|]

346 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2 20
32. xT? (ax) 4; 9- 4a 2
n(p -4a° )

_[34 282? 2
_ 32a 4 |o(2a]]
4
Pp
[Re p>2|Re a|]

1/2
33. Xl -1/4
(ax) X Frater
np (p?-4a")

xT, 46a”) [Re p>2|Re a|]

1/2 Ween
34, x T_3,,(ax)X 5 5
ne 2up(p -4a’)
x11 ,46ax) [Re p>2|Re a|]

Vv
x n n a k

35. x* |] 1,(ayo They etd) Pf] —*—]r or arden,

a ea 2 pants kei T(v,4+1)

OP apse al Bs Seis
p p
n n

[rep> » |Re als v= y», Retaew>-]

k=l k=l

3.15.17. 1 (ax! 1 (ox!) and the power function

2 2
it
1. I (aVx)I (bvx) } expa ne+b ab
[3]
[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

atv A+ (u+v) /2+1

7ae | (a¥x)I (ax) a p: Iw kabr x
‘ wt+l,v+l
x Fa[ atl. a+1+ Be, u+l, v+l,
2
p+v+t; = a
D
[Re(2A+p+v)>-2; Re p>0]
 THE MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION 347

BTey Gv) 19
vy
(a
&XP 2p)| v(2p
Vosy
oy
«i's vtk| os
2p
[Re v,Re p>0]

4. x1, (aVx) x 1
so ap ¢ }{aba2 +4p)I
eed ab C.
e)
a“ p
x1 n (bv) — ab(4pn+8p-a)t_ n-1|2p
(22) + p16p2nn+2)
i
-

~ (4pn-b?)a°+a*\1_
P
(25
n\2p
[Re p>0]

6x Iavx) l re peo) (am) meaner (ar

car hte ap? \2P p } 0\2p peta

[Re p>0]

2 2 4 2
Dep a 4a a a
6. xl (avx) exp($5] [+ al [$5] -
2p 3 2p uae a Ze O02 p

a2 a az
5) (5)
“Fb
[Re p>0]

-1/2 1 a? a?
UBS I) (avx) x [ex $5]40($5 = 1

>< I, (avx) [Re p>0]

1/2 a a’ a a”
8. x I) (av¥x) X Tt exp($5] [$5] peel all

Ox I (avx) (Re p>0]

9 3/2
Myer x A yenol
a
$5)[[2+5-)/al5)* (+2)
ar BS aa 2

x1, (aVx) [Re p>0]

348 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

L32
10. x 1 av)
oo (a) old)- le) -
[Re p>0]

2 2 2 2
a a a a
“BSPp exo (35][ol$a}+135)
{Re p>0}

I i ae aia a’ a a

~5 27 (55) [3-5-}035] * 2+5-}4.(%5)]

[Re p>0]

a n n _t

13. x Ti [«vz
Sn leaner
ith ¥, 2
I] Mp k

2 2

Vr a |gooey +1; > 7

4p’ ma
4p

[-- Mi Re(2A+v)>-2; Re pol

k

; k
pete cutee Canes! erie
14. 1 (ax!eel k 172 ae 2k+1, Ak 2| *
(2n)

HACL,-A), ACk,O), ACk, 1/2)

l
x1 (ax!)
(5] Atk, (utv)/2), Atk, —(u+v)/2),

[/<2k; Re(2kA+ly+lv+2k),Re p>0]

15. I,,(aV¥x )I (bx)

cee? > a*b
Toa Blab:2457) *(ap2—40?
[Re v>-1/2; Re p>|Re 5]]
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 349

3.15.18. ed (e*))1_(ae”) and the exponential function

eee __P(A+1) ghel2e AEEeIEA,

4 = ee ty ote
vnk 1 A(l,p),
A(k,1/2), Ad,1+p+)
xl ae yy
- Atk, (ut+v)/2), A(k, —(u+v)/2),

x< 1 (ae!) P
Atk, (u—v)/2), Ak, (v—-p)/2)
[Re A>-1; a>0; Re p>-//(2k)]

3.16. THE MacDONALD FUNCTION K _(z)

3.16.1. K (ax) and the power function

I Ken ene08[(p4fp7a")
na -ofa))-
Ls A
= oe oe: VIE SEN [»
arccos é)
[a?-p?
[|Re v|<1, v0; Re(p+a)>0]

2. K.(ax) <1 jgptlpae" arccos(p/a)

: 2 ee:
Pp ?_@ @-p
[Re(p+a)>0]

-v p-v+1 ,p+v+1 ef
3. x"K (ax) int Fe for
p+3/2 ss ad

for Ohi
DD et 24%(2a)
pt+ve+l
p (pt+a)
p-v+l1 ,ptv+1 1 ee
Anas P=@
«| ut+1/2 |alerenrebne bra)
[Re p>|Re v|-1; Re(p+a)>0]
350 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Axe kK9 (2x) Je

aX [pre]
[0<a<p]

‘Sox *K (ax) ee pta pta

[0<a<p]

vn 2) a
a ay 2! | = w+ak ([452]]
(at p*)V2a 2a 2a
[O<p<a]

6 pe 2
6. x K (ax) 15 Pn PP ay
p’-a RE) q
p’-a
. [(Re(p+a)>0]

vn (pt+a) p—a) _ =a
7a, [oro (Fea) oe (E54)|.
ds 7K (ax)

[0<a<p]}

(p+a) (3p+ IK =e
ip -—a 7 2 Ta | prax(|%

wot
2

[0<p<a]
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 351

8. x/?
K9 2-4) 4
15p?+8ap+9a’)K |
wait a) [‘

= (23p” +9a e(| pra

eae

[O<a<p]

Sa ae [220 HE =| *
4(a —p pov 2a

— (p+a) (15p?+8ap+9a’)K #2
|

[0<p<a]

9. eee
ae , (ax)
a(p 2 a, 2 )

[0<a<p]

|
(a —p AV 2a
[0<p<a]

2 Be
10. x K, (ax) ———— e a) In PIN pas ae

atprta) (stp a’)

(Re(pta)>0)

thee Ky (ax) __ vn
vn (pta)_
Cpea) | 434 *ye([2=4) :

B-a))
- ere
[0<a<p]

i.
2(p'+3a ye ([25
2a
2
ip -a aye ral

|
— (p+a) (p+3a)K |a2]

[0<p<a]
352 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

v
12. x°/7K (ax) en pt a) 5 [P@p2 +29a 2 ye ([2=2]
=a) _
4a(p -a )

— a(3p 2 +24apt+Sa 2 rk
|[2-4
|| ;

[0<a<p]

sd a ees Kaz (3p?+24ap+5a’) x

4(a°-p') v2a

a- 2 2 (=
xk ([52] — 2p(3p’+29a ye ([25]
[0<p<a]

13. x°/?k (ax) ___

vi (p+a) _
eo 5 [atSa*+3ap ae
4p =a
pea lim
Pa (CD =f)

ee? p-a
- 4p(2a’ —-p rE ah

[O<a<p]

oe (Sa°+3ap—4p’) x
2a(p° -a’) V2a

x K 1a = sp(2a-pyE(| 25)
[0<p<a]

3.16.2. K (ax!*) and the power function

io RtGYS a\poeay Vx @allg a*)_

Re Ea Pp) BnS72 Pl Bp} |S ws+/2| 8p
2
a
»» Kel
[|Re v|<2, v40,+1; Re p>0]

1 » 2 2
2. K,(avx) aoe exp 45 Ei(-ia
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 353

-p-1/2 2
3. x"K (avx) * ruse) rn s+} exo ($5 ss

2
a
a Wae-t/2e/t (3)
[2Re p>|Re v|-2; Re p>0]

v 2 2
v/2 (v+l)a Ge \ni. a
4. x K (avx) ony esexp ($5) v, ta}

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

5 i xltg ylavx
( ¥x) 25
2d p S&C AML
7 & a? K vW28p
a?

[|Re vj<1; Re p>0]

mM 1/ 2k) LUND /2
p -p-1 2k, (a_ 2k
6. x K (ax) a ea 2k) *

x(5)P) |A(k,v/2), Atk,-v/2)

[Re p>-1+/|Re v|/(2k); Re a,Re p>0]}

-l/k ;
3.16.3. K (ax) and the power function

1. K,(4] 2{22{ker(Y Zap) tker, (/ ap) ~ kei, (¥2ap)] +

+ kei(Y2ap) (ker, (¥2ap) + kei, (¥2ap)]

[Re a,Re p>0)
354 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Lee be fa
SSSA ee
a
p+]

+v+3.a"p”
Vee | over

alee Tr a
p+ Dagp=ve3

2
; 16 any 4
l| x

Saale
2
1)oFAt; Bev ee
De? 2
ae).
16

v-p-l
scape Ss re-v)Pd+p- Vo F (ea

Pe a 2 gv
“es : Sau Span oy COX
p a
D2
XoF;(1 So Vetus
eve Peay see Pe,
oe rf]
[Re a,Re p>0]

1 ; —
3. ix,(4] 2K)(V2iap)K.(v-Ziap)

(Re a,Re p>0]

4. a7 Pols] 22 K (/Tiap)K, (v=2iap)

59
(Re a,Re p>0}

5. xx (2 Geter v Vv
x al Soave (aot) P(-¥--1) f,(n— $2,
vi iv/2-p-1
pt5+2;- ee wr{i+n- 3|x

2 -v_ -v/2-p-l
TALVv pe, 1+; —Gidi
q J+ap es x

2
>, oFstex,
xroor(i+e+3] a ae Geeae
1-v;

[Re a,Re p>0]

 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 359:

2 1/3 2 1/

OF al] ou 23) exp[-3{24" ] 1

vx. V3 \ap
{Re a,Re p>0]

eels) Vx av3 Sten le)

[Re a,Re p>0)
Z 1/

[Re a,Re p>0]

Ree pts Gor2kel OY es

2 any BP EA) T? 2ke1,0| (a x

l
! A(l,-p),A(k,1-v/2), mika
(5)
[Re a,Re p>0]

3.16.4. K, (afx 4x2 ) and algebraic functions

Notation: z,=z (ox p a 2)

1. K (alx?+x2) - [em (5-}(- | =

[Re(pt+a)>0; |arg z|<x]

356 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

‘ae 1 v v) _pz/2 Bo
az r{u+3] r{n-5}edad) e807) (=) -
Zz.

x K,(adx74+x 2) XWin elt]

[2Re p>|Re v|; Re(p+a)>0; larg z|<x]

v/2 z z
3.: Sa ee Fey) —_. exp (==)r{-. a =
v/2
at 2 2(azyApaas

MZ Vv a Z +
— Z, exp (=) r{-»,al

[Re v>-1; Re(p+a)>0; |arg z|<n]

if 2} Zz Zz
1 e€ ee +
- ares ab Jala]

xK (al x?+x2) [|Re v]<l; Re(pta)>0; |arg z|<x)]

3.16.5. K, (ofx= b A and algebraic functions

Notation: u,= b (ozd p as a 2)

1. 6(x-8) x —1 —|exo(o p?-a) Bi(-u,) >

2 praae
wee
xKg| ts } - exp(-H p?-a*) Bic-u>]

[b,Re(p+a) >0]
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 357

_ purl xX
2, (bye Fits
ra5T(H bree >,
aha Coe A

x(x+b) YK (afx?-b 2) xW 1/2-p,v/2\4

(2Re p>|Re v|; 5,Re(p+a)>0]

: P19) 605)" ea9(-i p20") x

24 p?-a?

x K, (alx oe b 2) x P(tv,u_) - u**exp (oJp ar 3)reewu,)]

[FRe v>-1; b,Re(p+a)>0}

u u
4. (xb), x 7z1 sec =p KA [=] Koy (=

xK, (af x?=57) [|Re v|<1; 6,Re(p+a)>0]

3.16.6. exp(tbx”’)K (ax alle, and the power function

Notation: u,= 7b (vp+atvp-—a),

v= Vp(Vb+atvVb-a),

I+pt+v, I+p-v
r “ag
u+3/2 (2a)"
xP, [Leven aneVibra; ant6 tl5
aa

[Re p>|Re v|-1; Re a,Re p>0]

m Wk
2-8. 1 pens <p of cos 5 vn
I
2. x exp(tax )x (20)
CRO) Cees 2S Cl=1 72.
Uk
x K (ax ) 2k,bk+ 1 2a k 1 l A(l,-), A(k, 1/2)
AG. poe
’ lt El lpP) |Atk,v), A(k,-Vv)
[Re p>-1+/|Re v|/k; Re a,Re p>0)
358 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3, d6°"K (ax) 2K (u_)K(u,)

[Re 5,Re(p+a)
>0]

1 -b/x -1 -1
4. je Ky (ax) 2alu_ K,(u)K,(u_) tu, K,U)KyU_))

[Re 6,Re(p+a)>0]

5. K (an 2a[v"'K,(v,)K,_) +, K,@,)Ky@)]

) p>0]
[Re(a+b,Re

1 -b/x a
6. Pye x,(2) 2K v_)K ,)

) p>0]
[Re(a+b,Re

-1/2 -a/x a Ai
(Roum Ae K,(4] 2|® k,,(/Bap)

[Re a,Re p>0]

Meaiex a n? 2 2
8. ke x, (9) 7 VW 2ap) +Y\ (V2ap))

[Re a,Re p>0]

9, x l/2U/tp (a fae (V8ap) -Y (V8ap)

: ol x p '0 P o(%84p)]
[Re a,Re p>0]

-3/2_ a/x an?

10. x e x = — WY, (8 ap) - H_(V8ap))

x [K,(<}-Ky [4] [Re a,Re p>0]

 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 359

1/2-68,a+1/2_ -a-1 6
i -I/k I l cos vi
11. x exp(tax “") x (any (Fed CB H1I2D + CL-1) 7/2

exerts cl ;
k 1} AC,-A),

P) |A(k,1/2)
A(k,1-v), fae

[faewo feRem]
Re A>-1-// (2k)

3.16.7. K fe”) and the exponential function

Notation: 6= !
P 0

2|1-p/2
1. K (ae™*) tan |a
es v/2,-v/2,-p/2
[Re p>|Re v|; jarg a|<nx]

2]1+p/2
2. K (ae*) tages
be p/2, v/2,-v/2
[Re a>0]

ay Re LIEW CORTE) 2s
3. (l-e “)" Xx De
Forel 1,2k+l
x K (ae!) ; AC, 1-p)
———————

(2k) ?*| Akv/2),A(k,-v/2),4(,-p-Bw)

[Re p>-1; 2kRe p>/|Re v|]
360 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

-p-1
4. (ie -x JX P(p+1)
Pope 74 0, 2k+l |2 2k
oe
po ai

x Kae 0} , |AGI-p), A,1-v/2), “eee

Fi A(dl,-p-wp)
[Re p>-1; Re a>0]

5 l1-p,1/2
5. exp(tae
*) x ees) vn G, fe
: Visian.™ stan,
8 9
x K, (ae ) [Re p>|Re v|]

8 1/2,1+p
6. exp(tae*)K v (ae’) (e222)
Tt
Ya
03m
2,3
|
p,v,-¥V

Re p>-1/2; |arga|<n
Re a>0

6 =f
eo cosvn Ya (n+l)1
Ue te) a 1 ) A CL-1) KOFI O20
x exp(tae ”")x ei
-lx/k
x K Vv(ae ) 2k, k+l k
oR [anx

1 A(l,l-p) , A(k,1/2)
<——

k* |Atky) Ak, -v),AU,-p-p)

[Re p>-1; kRe p>/|Re v|]

6 -u-l
22h cosvan Vn (pt+1) 1? bk, 2k+1 | k
8. (I-e “)" Xx nt ] (any (E-P) COF1T DY “2ke1 kei]FX
x exp(tae!*/* )xX
x K (ae®/*) x 1 , A(l,1-p), Atk,l-v), Atk,1+v)

(2a) |A(k,1/2), A(l,-p-p)

_,. J2kRe p>-l, |arg al<n

[reeo ti a0
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 361

9. d-e%y? x = —*_ rev, a+ 24

<= Tey
r=) x
a’ sinvn

xK, (ad see) 2

< v+1,
x F, [1 1+p; ap a
4

[Re v<l; Re p>0]

= k Bs
10. (-e*)"*x LOE ate aa ton
rtal aad Woy Mpc VATE wy
XK, (a d he*) 1 (2k),

A(k,-v/2), A(,-p-p)

[Re p>-1+/|Re v|/(2k); Re p>0]

ies Up) poe (2k) |e

; e475 Re k= 1 o2kelst 2k
Das a A(l,-p-p)

—x, -I/ (2k) A(k,l-v/2), A(k,1+v/2)

xK (a(1—e ) )

(Re a,Re p>0]

6
-x cosvan ¥n0(p) 1 ae
12. (l-e“)" 7 Ceatka (ost?)
-x.l/k
<exp(ta(1-e ) 4 2k, 6k+1 2a k A(l,-p) , A(k, 1/2)

XG), ) 2kel] |Ok .

: A(k,v) ,A(k,-v) ,AW,-p-p)

x K (a(l-e*) ue [kRe »>/|Re v|-k; Re p>0]

362 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

é -p
o cosva vn (p) 1
13. (l-e *)*x ee (E21)
Cae 17D) ©
(207)

opts 5 pie bk, 2kel k k A(,-p) ,A (k,1-v) ’

X Go , kell (Da7) |A(k,1/2), ACL, -n-p)

A(k,1+v)
x K (al-e 79/5)
2kRep>-l-2k
ieee }.Re p>0; ° |arg a| < “|

7 pt+p 1, 2k+l
14, (l-e*)"*x + 6) an 2k x
2(2n) Tr(pt+pt+l) :

x K (ace™-1)") | [Ad,1 =p), 1-v/2) Ak, L+v/2)

x
a? * Ad p+)
[2kRe p>/|Re v|-2k; Re a>0)

ptp
15. (l-e*)"x nro Gates
2(2n) T(pt+p+l)

x K (ace™-1)4 x SF
1 [A@1-p)
(2k) 7* |AC,p+1),A(k,v/2),A(k,-v/2)
[Re a,Re p>0]

6 ptr!
ox cosvn v¥nl To (ptptl)
Oe a n ) (21) (ki)
Ges 1g peat ©
x exp(ta(e*-1) hx ye gbkth2kel| (k_) At,1—p),
2k+Lk+l | (2a
Ad,p+)h,
A(k,1-v), Atk,I+v)
x K (ace*-1)"5
A(k,1/2)
e Re p>-l/(2k); |arg a|<n
[rep>-1+/|Re v|/k, ieaso
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 363

xp 6 R+p,-1
cosvn Val" "TP (ptp+1)
Biren x [ 1 ) Chet COeT RIFT al
(21)
x -l/k
Xexp(ta(e -1) ~) G2ktls Skt 2a k} A(,1—-p),
XG paket || &
Ad,p+1),
x K (a(e™-1) 4) A(k,1/2)
A(k,v), A(k,-v)

[avepiped: {reee en jarg all

3.16.8. K (ax!) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: u,= [(ptb) 2-2),

v= 1[poe (ptb) Tc

sinh bx see oy bie

1. K (ax) cL csc VIL [xot-v" )Fu,V,-v, ]
4
cosh bx
[inev|<(3+1)/2, ‘ea Re(p+a)>|Re 0]

sinh bx ua Be:
2. Ky (ax) > In v_+ ie, Inv,
cosh bx
[Re(p+a)>|Re b|]

3. sinh bx K, (ax) pre u inv,—poe uInv_

[Re(pta)>|Re b|]

‘
sinh bx
l de
Genvn
i
een wo@,-v, )]
: 4si ane [u_(v_-v_) Fu,
5 fa fee
[|Re v]<(3+1)/2+n; Re(p+a)>|Re b|]
364 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1 * “y v= Vv.
S. 5 sinh bx K,(ax) ore csc Vjt w +9” p= 04)

{|Re v|<l, v0; Re(p+a)>|Re 5]

6. 1 sinh bx K, (ax) $ In’v, - In2y_

[Re(p+a)>|Re b|]

3.16.9. K (f(x)) and hyperbolic functions

° FL
2 a a
ei Na Be [/(v-p)/2 [5]nen by>
a a
~ Fe cuspy/2 (5}Y w-p)/2 (5)
{|Re v|<1,v40; Re a>0]

: Ag a)\d a Ome a
2. Ky(a sinh x) $1,123] ap5r2l3| =P Ab: ap Ya) |
(Re a>0]

a a) a a
3. cosh
xX | $5¥ 215 Fae nl) 5
: d he a
x K )(asinh x) =Fr nls dadp el:

Ela] 2 ;
2

aa p/2\2 ap” pal JorlF gayp/2\2

[Re a>0]

Baad ee a p+v+ p-v+l ;

= steps *s(sTons| + nee |r- J praypai@ X

XW _o/2,/2'#@)
[Re a>0; Re p>|Re v|-1]
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 365

1 (b-a)/2
ta es, esi
in pietvill (pay lyy
sinhx 2 Zz
2Vab
2X
igie" +5
xe] oe, |. XW 972,/2 OW p22

x i235 [Re a,Re b>0; Re p>|Re v|-1]

1 1 p+v+1 p-v+1
6. nee —— }r[ 2 |w /2,»/2\2®X

x exp[(at+b)coth x] x Ws /2.0 7225)

x, (2747 [Re a,Re b>0; Re p>|Re v|-1]

3.16.10. K (ax) and trigonometric functions

1/2
Notation: u,= ((ptib)?-a*)” :

= 1 [psibd (pti) ?-a7]

—

sin bx i i .
K (ax) 7 cscvn4 }[u,(v\-v,") Fu_v.-v_)]
cos bx 1
+
[ireviscosa oan: Re(p+a)>|Im 0]
v#40

sin bx 1 i
2. Ky (ax) 9) (uInv,+ u_Inv_)
cos bx 1
(Re(p+a)>|Im 5|]

3. sin bx K ,(ax) nie u inv orep ulnv_

(Re(p+a)>|Im 5]
366 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx \s
yi “| -l) Oe
ree a d
ra voovY Fu_Wv_-v_)]
(v.-v.) = aa
4sinvn Poi te Eo ta ie
cos bx 1) dp
xX K (ax) [|Re v|<(3+1)/2+n; Re(p+a)>|Im b{]

le. ni vo + oo-v _ ovoo-y

5 .—
x sin bx K (ax) Ay csc VL COOL
—
SU a= 0 _—
oy

{|Re v|<l, v0; Re(p+a)>|Im 5|}

he eee eee
6. 5 Sin bx K (ax) q In‘v_- qin,

[Re(p+a)>|Im 5]

3.16.11. J tax!) K cox!" and the power function

) 1/2
Notation: k = ae ’
1+ 14375"
1/2
pipe rerard
2 ’

penne
keer wed
p fa eb +d ee ee dab?

1. x77Si) (ax) x iT] 10-iK 2806) [E-d-A)K@]

nx(1 — )
x K (bx)
[Re(p+b)>|Im a|]

exe-1/ *J(ax) x —— 2p -168E SK)

O¥nk? IS (1=1 7)
x Ky (bx)
-8(2-k) E(k) [(-?) (2-317) K () -2(1-22)
BO)
[Re(p+b)>|Im a}]
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 367

3. x /?5 (ax) x ni SS Kk)E(k)-

3kldn(i- ka ele
XK, (6x)
-2(1-k’) 2 K(k) [0-2 2 K)
- 0-20) 2 EW)
[Re(p+b)>|Im a|]

4. x5ax x N61 EW
1Sv¥mK P17 (1-174 1-k?
XK (bx)
-8(1-k?) 2 (2-k)K
2 DA
(i) [20-4 EW)-
-(1-17) 2-7) KO]
[Re(p+b)>|Im a}]

5. x77 (ax) x ara ERLE [(1-k*) (16-164?

105¥ak°17(1-k?) (1-1
x K, (bx)
~k)K
(k)-2(2-k) (4-47 AVEO] x
x12) (2+51?-81*)K() -2(1-21)x
x(1+47-4/) EW]
[Re(p+5)>|Im a|}

2 2
6. J (aVx)K,(avx) SoH
4p
($5 ay
0\2p 4p
($5
0\2p
[Re p>0]

2k
p+1/2 -p-1 2
eK
/
eer
2V2k(2n)
oral
: 8k
oo
1} AC,-p)
OR (de) x(4)
: P) |A(k,0) ,A(k,1/2),A (k,v/2),A(k,-v/2)
[Re p>-1; Re(2ky+/lv)>-2k; Re a,Re p>0)
368 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.16.12. ¥ (ax!) K cox!" and the power function

tl |
2k
wtl/2_ p+i 2
lew acs on B ~DVRDACK
pe Gg4k,1 a
k+1/2-1 k+1,5k
2V2(2n) 8k?

(9)
A(l,-p), Ak, d-v) /2)
x Kara}
Atk,0), A(k,1/2), A(k,v/2),

A(k,—v/2), eee
[Re p>/|Re v|/(2k)-1; a,Re p>0)

3.16.13. 1 tax")K (6x) and the power function

t- 0S Aap 2a
Notation: k p+2a

2 Perera
2 2

TpPataqoy? 1? *-(an-a)
1. I (ax) K 9 (bx) ar

+ I (6x) Ky (ax) [Re p>|Re(a-b) |]

2
Pop I) (ax) K, (ax)
pena
[Re a,Re p>0]

2 2
3. [ (ax)+I_ (ax)] x 2
2a
sec vn gee
2a 2

x K (ax) [{|Re v|<1/2; Re a,Re p>0}

Vv

|
a 2 2
= x?"1 (ax)K (ax) ——+____— P Dimeania
Vv Vv 2 —
2
4cos’vn ~~ M2 2a
[Re v>-1/4; Re a,Re p>0]
 THE MacDONALD FUNCTION 369

5. aes CE < Ydcospn r{n-v+g] Pall 1407") x

cos (ut+v) 1

x K,(bx) xO, ,(f1+57a?)

[(1+a'd’) (148'd")=p'd*; Re p>|Re v|-1/2; Re(p-a+b)>0]

1 [apf p-1/4 1/4 1/4 -1/4

i Fal ge[Penna Z Pr n@Q 0 |

(2azed 4a ic p am Re v>-1/4; Re a,Re p>0)

THX I (ax) K (bx) lpm Ew) —2pK (k)]

Pisa =p.)
[Re a,Re p>0]

?s
8. x I) (ax) K 9 (bx) St tha? -3p 0B) ts
p (p+2a) (p-2a)

+ 4p(p—a)K(k)]
[Re a,Re p>0]

9. I (aVx)K)(b¥x) +

i I (b¥x)K,(avx) [Re p>0]

v= 1 2 2
10. x1 (aVx) x a I ae Cae
gp art /? {veg} ex ($5) 20a 5
x K (aVx) [Re v>-1/2; ‘Re p>0]
370 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Ret Les. eeAnal 2k

aA 1/ (2k) l p 2k, 2k+l (é]
if. «7.x xX U x

L]A(1,-A) , A(k,0),
SOK axe) x [5]
g P) 1ACk,(p+v)/2), Atk, (u-v)/2),
A(k,1/2)
Atk, (v-p)/2), A(k,—(u+v)/2)
(Re(2kA+/y)>/|Re v|-2k,; Re a,Re p>0]

3.16.14. K (ax! SK ox! and the power function

=1/2 Vdcospncosvan te
ie GATES aoe eeesuncasea rls Paka Ps

x K (bx) xOv+1/2
te. Uakeaden@”pt+1/2 (lieped:|
[d+a'd’)(1+b'd)=p'd’; |Re p|+|Re v|<1/2; Re(pta+b)>0]

A+1/2 -a-1 2k
r 1/ (2k) 1 p 4k, 1 a
2. x K (ax ~~") x 2V2k(2n)
k+ 172-2 9 2k+l,4k (é] a

L}ACL,-X) , ACk,0),
SCR x [5]
Atk, (ut+v)/2), Atk, (u-v)/2),
A(k,1/2)

A(k, (v-p)/2), A(k,—(utv)

/2)
(2kRe A>/|Re »|+/|Re v|-2k; Re a,Re p>0]

3.17. THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS H(z) AND L (2)

+1/k +1/k
3.17.1. H (ax ), L (ax ) and the power function

| 2 2
Notation: A,=In — A _=arcsin 2
 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS

H (ax) v+l v+2 :

Ponto a v+2 Pr F 1,y+1,
L (ax)
Vv
2 vnp v+3/2
ae

she
p

[re
v>-2; Re at im “'\)
|Re a|

Vez
2 (ax) (=1y" (Ep 24a7sp) id
ier
N
7 (ax) OWS: Ry ae
Eo et/

ae
H.. (ax)
a{
L 0 (2%)

4 H, (ax)

L, (ax)

s H,,(ax)

L, (ax)

o H, (ax)

L,(ax)
Di getp& 2a ~ 2p(4p?+3a")
eile é 15p | na? p +a?

[eae
Agi! SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

H (ax)
ot a
L (ax)

3
2

[r
e(utv)>-2; rep{'tel})
|Re al

be H (ax) vt+l 2 2,-1 22

8. x gan
pee E Lvtyivegs - 3
L (ax) 2° vn (v+3/2)

eeiieoall
v+l1 3 2
l-v H, (ax)
ONx eg eae oF, |L2ivegit
L (ax) 2°" vap° TP(v+3/2) p

Gate

T+) aa s,w toda

iz
10. x"H (ax) ay" 2v+2 2 2
itp
[Re v>-1; Re p>|Im a|]

11. x°L (ax)

[2 eee ee (peGe a2 2/4 gvttl2 (a
v A Sinvn a -v-1/2| p

[Re v>-1; Re p>|Re a|]

7
dled is LAT (yr?) eeesh. a
12. x*TH (ax) Se 2v+3
ee ee a ee
wp
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>|Im a|]
 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 373

3x" tax) V¥2a cosecvn gv3/2 (¢)

Vv

v Van ae -v-3/2\ p

[Re v>-3/2; Re p>|Re al]

14 ,H, 0 (ax) |
L,(ax)
seal
Suppia ae) Mere
4
Z
+

enfin |Re a|

15 : Ae a a ee ie
ne ‘za’ 4
+
L) (ax) Cp ata») p ad pres

beatsil [Re a|

ie ies Zap WiewSa | 2a", 2pF3a",

aie ae (raat pe 4 >
(a) u(p =a P Le atp ta

H. (ax) | 2 2
17. | l eRe se sey]
L (ax)

[enfin |Re a|

H, (ax)
om ae 2
L, (ax)
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2 ?) 2 2
hee a 4 pet zl, 4p ta”
os raat
a +
pie 15p? Vee: 3

erfee] |Re a|

nyt ut (v+3) /2
20. v ENCE
2°vnp v+3/2

(:u+(v+3) /2; fiat

pa 92
3/2 V+3/2
[Re(2p+v)>-3;, Re p>0]

v 2 :
(a/2)
a OX [F4
er sll—a
OM ey Be
ae i ol S 2p
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>0]

22 pa (alee
1 Wal (
(ie 3a <)
bo aay 2) 2” 4p
[Re p>0]

v v-il a 2
2B 3 Ta tle a]
eR oj] Ae 2’ 4p
[Re p>0]

pert /2 -mi(vel) C1F1)/4

24. x
(any ese p* +1

ky k+l kfa
br l
el ACW),
ot [ee fa [5] A(k, (v+1)/2) ,

A(k, (v+1)/2) |
A(k,-v/2), A(k,v/2)
[Recatne>-24-4 Re p>0 for /<2k,

e p>|Ima| for /=2k; a,Rep>O for 2k

Re p>|Re a| for /=2k

 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 375

a
25. x'H (ax
=1/ (2k) pe
ee
/2
| ket, | (2
2k
) (=a ee ~
(2) p
i l A(,-p), A(k, (-v)/2),
x [5]
PY 1Atk, (1-v)/2)
A(k,1+v/2), A(k,1-v/2)

[Re(2ku-lv)>-2k-l,; Re p>-1-31/(4k); a,Re p>0]

3.17.2. H (fe *)), Life”) and the exponential function

v+1
a
Notation: A,(p) = Se ee ee
2° vn (ptv+1)P(v+3/2)

prvele 53. SO PINts a

2
z Fah Pere ere 64
H (ae *)
1. s A,(p)
L (ae )
[Re(p+v)>-1]

27° na?’ sec{[(v-p) 2/2]

2. H (ae*) - A (-p) +
‘ ‘ T(1+(p+v)/2)T(1+(p-v)/2)
{a>0; Re p>-3/2; Re(v-p)<1]

gh. k+l zae A p),

A(l,1-S
P(p tl)
! 3k+1,k+l U T
3.o- (l-e (l=e*)* x yet

xH(ae”!™) A(k, (1-v)/2), A(k,1+v/2), sad

A(1,-p-p)
{Re p>-1; a>0; Re(2kp-lv)>-l, Re p>-3l/(4k))}

p
4. (l-e -x,-v/2
“yx Peal-v -p
tw Sa ae)
v+1/2, p+1/2 ictal ty
x H, (ad feces) {Re p>0]
376 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

p H_ (a)
[2] I'(p) as
g L_. p+v (a)
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>0]

pe a
6udee
1 & 1?
x

H 2k A(dl,-p) ’
ofrtac-e5" ~} k k+l
scene (at(el
kia

Vv Atk, (1+v)/2),

Atk, (1+v)/2)
A(k,-v/2), Atk,v/2) ,A(,-p-p)
(Re(2ky+lv)>-I-2k, Re p>0]

2k
P(p) gk sk! (24) A(l,-p) >
a ite 1]p 3k+1,k+l a
A(k, (1-v)/2),

x H (a=) Atk, ( eins | ae

A(l,-p-p)
(Re(2ku-lv)>-1-2k; Re p>-1-3//(4k); a,Re p>0)

8. d=-e>)"x isaes LLY

(2x)! rep+nel) k+l,3k+1

1 Ad,1—p), A(k,(v+1)/2)
x H (ate™—1) 4!) ——S————

Ope Adi,u+1), A(k,(v+1)/2),

aes |
[Re p>-1-3// (4k); Re(2ky-ly)>-/-2k;
a>0; Re(2kp+lv)>-1]
 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 377

9. (1-2 "x
4 p+p

ee
TSE
(21)
cis T(p+pt+l1) ’
ae
Xo LiC2k) 1
Ad,1—-p), A(k,(.-v)/2),
x H (ale -1) ) xa
Adl,ut+1), Atk, (-v)/2)
lee WF

[Re(2kp+lv)>-I-2k,; a>0; Re(2kp-lv)>-l;

Re p>-3l/(4k)]

k
3.17.3. H (ax! Ne L (ax!) and hyperbolic functions

2
: =—1—v—2 + +

Sar} 1, p+(v+3)/2; ta’p '/4

B,(p) =p p-( pe a

” B/N Ol 2

u,=4 (ptb) *+a?, v=

+ (ptb)?-a?,

| 2 zy
(ptb) “+a “+a 5 ey
Wee In ped » 2,=arcsin 555

sinh bx (oe.
1. H,, (ax) Alea)
cosh bx ° ea aie Soi
(Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

sinh bx Vives
Ls L, (ax) Dees
cosh bx v TY tinag
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

sinh bx -b _pt+b
a: H, (ax) —32__{?\ + ole Ds corre w,]
cosh bx TUGD a0) na = +
(Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|)
378 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh bx
4. L, (ax) -—3{} 1 (e, retb,}
Rip ee ppraal wo = ee
cosh bx
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

sinh bx
FASO 42a aoe |. 1 eps
5. H,, (ax) Ww +

Ma an Deb 2 u_
cosh bx 1
2 2)
= 2(p+d) hase
Uu +
+
[Re p>|Im a|+]|Re 5]]

6.
sinh bx
L, (ax)
Au (OVe tay Pe ee
cosh bx
‘ na \1
rs3n\|p 2 +b iol Sead
na
v -
Z
2 Zz
= 2(p+b) le
v, +
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

sinh bx is v+1 1 ptvt+2

TeX x [5] —T [A_(p—b) + A_(p+b)}
cosh bx ¥n |v+3/2

XH (ax) [Re(u+v)>-2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

Vv

8. x?
sinh bx
x
By
5|
jhe B]Bg?
—Tr [A, (pb) ¥ A, (p+b)]
cosh bx anaes v+3/2 *
x L Vv (ax) [Re(u+v)>-2; Re p>|Re a|+|Re |]

sinh bx 3bp?+a7b+b°
9. x. H) (ax) +

cosh bx a urn? p’+a~p+3b2p

1fprd |. p+b
+3 en sam
+

{Re p>|Im a|+|Re b}}

 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 379

sinh bx Qhe 2
2a 3bp -a b+b? .
10. x L, (ax)

dooce
cosh bx n(p?-b*)y7y? p’-a’p+3b"p

[Re p>|Re a|+|Re b|]

2 sinh bx
Mi. x H) (ax)
cosh bx

Z 2 Zz
+ 2(p-b) -a w_ #2(prb) -a -
au au
- +

2 sinh bx
12. x L, (ax)
cosh bx

= +

[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5}]

_, {|
Sinh bx
2/0 l =
13. x x - a + Pages u,w,)
cosh bx
x H, (ax) [Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5})

_,{Sinh bx
2/0 1 =
14. x x art = wae vz.)
cosh bx
x L, (ax) [Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

1 {Simh bx
1
15. x x [(p—-b)u_w_¥ (p+b)u_w,]
2
tcosh bx ua

x H,, (ax) [Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

380 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

_, {Sinh dx 2a 2 b
16. x x ~~ hy) epee) a = ha Pp "=
cosh bx Sian (pe Sl),

x L, (ax) : 5 (p—b)u_z_+ (p+b)v,z,]

a
[Re p>|Re a|+|Re 5|]

sinh bx ay ut(vt+3)/2
eee oe x [5] —fP[. [B_(p-b) + B_(pt+d)]
cosh bx vn v+3/2
x H(aV¥x) [Re(2u+v)>-3; Re p>|Re |]

sinh bx aves | u+(v+3)/2

18. x" x [5] —r [B, (p-b) ¥ B, (p+b)]
cosh bx vn v+3/2
x L (avx) [Re(2u+v)>-3; Re p>|Re 6]]

y/2| Simh bx ce a a2
19ee x le
Ey b)- ‘exp(- Aa erfi a +
cosh bx 2 P 2vp—6b
2
x H (avx) + +b) exp -apr) eth a ||

[Re v>-3/2; Re p>|Re b|]

ag sinh bx v oe
20. x x eae b) ‘exp{7~a5]eEe Js
cosh bx 2 2Vp-—b

x L (avx) + (p+b)* 'exr(aocan}e re

al
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>|Re |]

oF sinh bx 277! sj 2
pAly 62 x Seo exp gaaa5}x
eee eae 4p-4b

x L (avx) l eas]
xv [v+9, Fp
73 + (p+b) v-1 exp( 74-75]
ri x

24
eed
xa[vry, 7e375) |
[Re p>|Re 6]
 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 381

3.17.4. H (ax'/*), L(ax!/*) and trigonometric functions

Notation: ul = salt q,? +(p? +a 2B Y

= GR

r= [(p?+
a’ b°)7+ 4p°b"]
ptooe iad

(u,p+ap+bu_)*+(bu,+ab-u_p)*
A = In a
2H __,
eee DE

B= arg[u,p+apt+bu_+ i(bu + ab-u_p)),

ee
Xi 1 a ae a he R= [(p" Eb tab
vuv

D 2
(v p-abt+bu_) + UD ap 0 -p)
C=ln 5 ;
p +b

D =argl[v,p — ab + bv_+ i(bv,+ ap-v_p)],

A,(p), B(p): see S573

sin bx 2 Au_+ Bu,

1. H) (ax) 7. o
cos bx n(uytu_) \Au,- Bu_
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5]]

sin bx 2 Duv_-Cv,
2. L, (ax) mas
cos bx n(vitv_)\Cuv_+ Dov,
(Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

sin bx b 2
3. H, (ax) —3—_?| -__2__x
wp, +b- ) na(u,+u_)
|) eeraaee
x
Apu ,—Bpu_+Abu_+Bbu,
(Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|)
382 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

n sinh bx

cosh bx
as emain(p +b") P
ee
na(v t+v_)
leet-bDv_—Cpv_—-Dpv, i
x
Dpv_—Cpv, -bCv_-—bDv
{Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5|]

sin bx ay'1 w+v+2| (i

53_xh x [5] 1 [A_(pt+ib) + A_(p-ib)]
cos bx ¥n |v+3/2]\1
x H (ax) (Re(y+v)>-2; Re p>|Im a|+|Im 5|]

, sin bx aye | utv+2] (i

6. x x [5] ae [A. (ptib) ¥ A. (p-ib)]
cos bx 2 Yn |[v+3/2] 1} * of
< L (ax) [Re(u+v)>-2; Re p>|Re a|+|Im 5}]

ie sin bx J ‘ ae) ae Bu,— Au_

cos bx n\l au Au ,+ Bu_

x H, (ax) (Re p>|Im a|+|Im b])

sin bx Dv +Cov
Ssxu x At} 48 - t
cos bx va Cy — Dv,
x L, (ax) ‘ {Re p>|Re a|+|Im b]]

sin bx v+l1 u+(vt+3)/2] (i

9. xh < a If x
cos bx vn v+3/2 1

x H (aVx) x [B_(p+ib) ¥ B_(p-ib)]

[Re(2u+v)>-3; Re p>|Im 6[]

sin bx v+l ut+(v+3)/2] (i

10. x" x (5) Ol x
cos bx ¥n v+3/2 1
x L (avx) X [B, (p+ib) ¥ B, (p-ib)]
[Re(2u+v)>-3; Re p>|Im b]]
 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 383

‘i ie sin bx a i “a2
nx. x (p+ib) ~ “'exp|- read x
cos bx pelt 4p+4ib
2
x H_i (avx) x erfi [2]
2Vp+ib
pit) exo -eae
4p-4 ib
x

eri —<—]|
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>|Im |]

BY i oo
¥/2 sin bx
42.0,% Rae x a 1 [oi ‘exo (poe
i 5|%

2
a (nt
x L (a¥x) ert ra
=r ib) -v-1 SA Per
a
EE
; 5|x

xerf| 2 }]
2Vp-ib
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>|Im 5|]

_y/2 {Sin bx av i She ss a”

oy began x [w+iby exp faerd x
fee a’ T(vt+1/2) 2
(1 a Pgs te
1 a de
x L,(aV¥)
2 sane |
xy[vep, apears)*@-ib
a
7 (52475) ‘
od Boe) eed
VY"? 4p- 478
[Re p>|Im
5|]

3.17.5. H_ (ax) and the Bessel function J (ax)

1. x[J, (ax),
(an)- 2a
_ ayo?
~J (ax), (ax)] [Re p>2|Im a|]

2: x iextatiae- Jar" ah 2) -v-1/2

Ak ya” y (2%) ip pt+a

J" (ax) H_(ax)] (Re v>-1; Re p>2|Im a]

384 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

+1/k
3.17.6. Y (ax i H tax“ and the power runction

1/2 2k
m 1/ (2k) * A cosvan 3k,k+ 1) fa_
1. x [Y (ax e. 5 a OS bwWa Tad Choe DE)
(21) p

1{|A(d,-p), Atk, (v+1)/2)

-H (ax!) x (5]
: P) VAtk,(v+1)/2), A(k,v/2),A(k,—v/2)
(Re p>/|Re v|/(2k)-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

-I/ (2k) STE? coswen k,3k+1) (2k as

2. x" [Y (ax ! )— ee — G =
v Cin) ae 3k+1,k a

~ H (ax = Vk) . [5]l ACLS) A(k, (1-v)/2),

P) |Ack, (1-v)/2)
A(Kl—v7
2), Vath. Py 72)

[Re(2kpy-/v)>-2k-l; Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

3.14.46 Y Ge *)) = H(f(e *)) and the exponential function

aes x 21 =p)2.4ve ly 2
1. Y (ae *)-H (ae >) = a & 7
2H (v+1)/2, v/2,-v/2,-p/2
[Re p>|Re
v|]

: 2 (v+1)/2, 1+p/2 |
Phe Y (ae*)-H (ae") = Bean i —
4
2n p/2, (v+1)/2, v/2,-v/2
[Re(p-v)>-1; |arg a|<n]
 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 385

SNS _ 40 (n+l) cosvan 3k! 2k

3. (l-e “YX (Qn) 2% yet! k+1,3k+l| @

- A(l,1-p), Atk, (v+1)/2)

y, [Y (ae Ix/ (2k) y ss x 1 i
(2k) Atk, w+1)/2), ACK, v/2) ,

. H, (ae! (2k), }

A(k,-v/2), Al,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; 2kRe p>/|Re v|J

S510 _ 40 (n+l) cos vak,3k+! 2k

C8) XG) eo aa. anion x

A(l,l-p), Atk, (1-v)/2),

lx/ (2k) l : : :
SR CE ay = oy
a Atk, 1-v)/2), A(i,-p-p),
A(k,1-v/2), A(k,1+v/2)
=e (acl! 2H)

(Re p>-1; Re(2kp-lv)>-l; |arg a|<x]

=X. _ 40 (p) cosvan 73k, k+l 2k

Sh (lee DIPS ae Cra) 34 a

: Ad,—p) , A(k,(v+1)/2)
* 1¥ (ad-e
9 )- x—L,
Bs (2k) Atk, (vt+1)/2), A(k,v/2),

—H (aci-e*)/))
A(k,—v/2), ic
[2kRe p>/|Re v|-2k; Re p>0]

4T (p) cosvm 7k, 3k+l 2k

6. (l-e = *)*x = (a) 2k )P G 3k+1, k+l (2k) X
A(l,-p), A(k,(1-v)/2) ,
x ¥ (ae) - xy
? a A(k,(1-v)/2), A(l,-p-p)
A(k,1-v/2), A(k,1+v/2)
-x, -l/ (2k)
~ H(a(1-e ) )]
386 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

+
41°**cosvan
7 se hax ° -
(any 2ktE-
x
'P(p+ptl)
azk A(l,1-p),
Y (are™—1) 1) - x ot
k+1,3k+l
(2k)? (Ad peDs
£ H (a(e™-1)")]
Atk, (v+1)/2) |
A(k,(v+1)/2) , A(k,—v/2) ,A(k,v/2)
[Re(2kp-lv)>-2k-l, 2kRe p>/|Re v|; arg a|<x]

T 41°**cosvan
3. flees X OER ee
1 x
T(p+pt+l1)

k+1,3k+l (25 act

x (ace1) - xG
3k+1, k+l
i
|Ad,m+),

re H (a(e*- bo?)
A(k, (1-v)/2) , A(k,1+v/2),A(k,1—v/2)

A(k,(1-v)/2)
[2kRe p>/|Re v|-2k; Re(2kp-lv)>-l, |arg a|<x)

I/k
3.17.8. L (ax) and the modified Bessel function I (ax )

1. x{I, (ax)L (ax) mg

~ I)(ax)L, (ax)]

—v-1/2
2 x (ax)L (ax) = (p - a’)

-J i(ax)L (ax)] [Re v>-1; Re p>2|Re a|]

3. x (avx) - 2 ai a? ia?
(2} P(v+1/2) exp(45] ry: +]
- L (avx)] [Re v<l; Re p>0]
 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 387

w+1/2 1
B xl! (2h) = Dil |.
4. x Ul, (a ) (Qn) Pt CP- DTZ wai?
cos Vit

-tya!™) L

Resin eae
x

:
2k

P)
1} AC,-p)
> >

Atk, (v+1)/2),
A(k, (v+1)/2)
A(k,+v/2),A(k,¥v/2)
[Recatnhn>-ak Re a>0,

Re p>0
Re(2kp+lv)>-2k-l,; Re p>0

pt+il/2 1
x Ob Dae \.
5. eae (a Ue KCL) 2 epee
me (27) p cos Vit

2k yt
-L . (ax -1/ (2k) )]
A(l,-p),
A
XG | Laa a
(;]
p Atk, (1-v)/2) ,

Pc aa

[Re(2kp-ly)>-2k-l, Re a,Re p>0)

3.17.9. 1,(fe)) - L,f(e*)) and the exponential function

1 2 (v+1)/2, 1+p/2
1 31} a
1. I, (ae*) - L(ae’) = aa
ae . 2x (cos a p/2,(+l)/2,+ ; aap)
[Re p>0; |arg a|<n]
388 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1 Glhkl ax
2 (ut+1)
9a 4 Be ayLas
(Ep ea he ae oral dios

—Lx/ (2k) 1 A(l,l-p), Atk, (v+1)/2)

6 EN
+v
ae
y-

eV ae e Atk, (v+1)/2), AC(k,+v/2),

= aces

A(k,¥v/2), ate
Re Re(2kptlv)>0
© HP") Re(2kp-lv)>0; Re(2kp+lv)>-I

1
21 (pri) Gk Bet! (2k) x
3. (l-e°)- 1
Cn) bs cos vit

Ix/ (2k)
SN nk ti alt
2k
a A(k,(1-v)/2), A(1,-p-p)

-L¢ ae
Lx/ (2k)
)] A(k,1¥v/2), aes

[Re p>-1; Re a>0; Re(2kp-lv)>-1}

1
20 (p) 2k, k+l 2k
4 i=6n ex G mex
(20) wpe cos a a

1 NCW) Ak eI 2)
x Uae) - ——

(i * Atk, (v+1)/2), A(k,+v/2),

= L(ad-e 7)
A(k,¥v/2), ee
Re (2ku+/v) >-2k
[rec Su apie tra ea
 THE STRUVE FUNCTIONS 389

|1
5. (i-er)'x IG) k, 2k+l
(2k)
2k
X
(2n)*i? cos alive

1 [40,-m), AC, -v)/2),

x Ua
-e 4) _——

azk
A(k, (1-v)/2), A(l,-p—-p)

— L(adi-e*)
A(k,1¥v/2), A(k,l+v/2)

[Re a,Re p>0; Re(2ky-/v)>-2k-]

6. (l-e *)"x Nien :

k+1-1 x
(20) I (p+putl) |cos vx
2k| A(1,1—-p)
x H,,(ace*=1) 1) - 2k+1, k+l] (a
XG, a [$2] Ad,p+1),
3 ’

SyLcate*-1) A(k, (v+1)/2)

A(k, (v+1)/2) , A(k,tv/2),A (k,¥v/2)

[Recet-h>-26-k Re a>0,

Re(2kp+lv)>0
Re(2kp-lv)>0; Re(2kp+lv)>-1

7. (l-e*)*x mye l
ii k+1-1 x
(C2ist) I (p+p+l1 ) (cos vn

1/ (2k) Gh lke] (2k 2k) A(,1-p),

<UaGe-): p= NM 3441,k4l| |@
A(d,u+1),

A(k,(1-v)/2) , Ak, 1#v/2) ,A(k, 1ltv/2)

S L (a(e™ yf),
Atk, (1-v)/2)

[re
a>0; Re(2kp-lv)>-l,

Re(2ku+lv)>-2k
Re(2kp-lv)>-2k, Re(2kp+ly)>-2k-1
390 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.18. THE ANGER FUNCTION (z) AND THE WEBER FUNCTION

J. E (2)

3.18.1. J(ax” /k Ye BE(ax) and the power function

Notation: 6=
is
}
1/ (2k)
apes pe Gk 2k+ | O ae
15. 8
U/ (2k) (any CPt)
TBpurl U3ket.5k| (DE x
E (ax
Vv

(7)
A(dl,-p), A(k,0), A(k,1/2),

A(k,0),
ACK, 1/2), Atk,-v/2),
A(k,1-(6+v) /2) |
A(k,v/2), Atk,1-(5+v)
/2)
[Re p>-1; a,Re p>0)

( Pr pe ease
pt+1/2 2k
l ele .
2. X's
-1/ (2k) Ol) en 5k+1,3k a
E (ax
Vv
)

(A)
SG,—py, ACY, ACK 1/2);

A(k,1),
A(k, 1/2), Atk, (6+v) /2)

A(k,1+v/2) ,A(k, 1-v/2) ; a

(Re p>-1-//(2k); a,Re p>0]

qypeti/2 cos (vat/2)

1/ (2k)
3. x" [J (ax ies x
Vv
(2n)
(T=) 12 Bt 1 bi neyn/2)
x ght! oe 2k u l A(l,-p) ’
1/ (2k)
+J_ (ax )) +1,3k|)(2k Pp
Atk, (1¥1)/2) ,

Atk, (1¥F1)/2) |
A(k,-v/2), A(k,v/2)
(Re p>-1-/(1¥1)/(2k); a,Re p>0]}
 THE ANGER AND WEBER FUNCTIONS 391

3.18.2. Jax), E,(ax) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: v, (p,e) = sin’vn(1-cos vn)!*x

2vnup
Zane
il, lls We Saran ea £ :
aes oy SESH
Sinvi)—(1-cos
A Sse vay! ax
1+v/2, 1-v/2 2(v-=1).10p

x 4F, .
(S+y)/25 G=yv)(2

v,(P,£) = POW) sin wk (1-cos vn)

!~® x
2vnp

Lut) /2, p/2+1; -a*/p" ° €

+ ah ins?) Csinva) y
eralortey/2. levi? 2(v -1)ap"

i= 1, w/2+1, (u+3)/2; -a*/p’

xX (1+cos vst) 3F2
(3+v)/2, (3-v)/2

sinh bx
1. J (ax) v, (p-b,1) + v, (p+, 1)
cosh bx
(Re p>|Im a|+|Re 6|]

sinh bx
Pye E (ax) vy,(p-6,0) ¥ v, (p+b,0)
cosh bx
[Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5|]

{sinh bx
3. x" x v,(p—6,1) + v,(ptb,1)
cosh bx
x ya») [Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re |]

sinh bx
4, x" x v,(p-b,0) ¥ v,(p+b,0)
cosh bx
XE (ax) [Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a|+|Re 5]]
Vv
392 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.18.3. J (ax), E (ax) and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.18.2

sin bx i
1 J (ax) [v, (p+ib,1) + v, (p-ib,1)]
cos bx 1
[Re p>|Im a|+|Im }|]

sin bx i
2. E (ax) [v, (p+ib,0) + v, (p-ib,0)]
cos bx 1
(Re p>|Im a|+|Im }|]

sin bx i
Sys" J, (ax) [v, (p+ib,1)F v,(p-ib,1)]
cos bx 1
{Re p>|Im a|+|Im 6]; Re p>-(3+1)/2]

sin bx lie
4. x" E (ax) [v,(p+ib,0) ¥ v,(p-ib,0)]
cos bx
[Re p>|Im aj+|Im 6]; Re p>-(3+1)/2])

3.19. THE KELVIN FUNCTIONS ber (2), bei, (z), ker (2), kei, (z)

3.19.1. ber, (ax), bei, (ax!) and the power function

2
Notation: wp = 3p + SVK
4

‘ at F Pees ]1/2

bei (ax) Ripara.)

[V2 Re p>Re at|Im a]]
 THE KELVIN FUNCTIONS 393

ber (ax) v cos ©

2. é 2 [(u,+p) 7a ci :
bei, (ax) sing

[24.4 r > +p >. r=(u pan aca

u
Oat Dp -
@ 4 ) arcc : atv arctan u,+D

Re v>-1; V¥2Re p>Re a+|Im a]

ber (avx) 1 (0S (42

3. ey
bei (aVx) Pisin 4p

4 ber, (aYx) a5 cos p : FS

bei, (aVx) 4 a ne (v-1)/2| 8p

sin a2
: ose
J (v+1)/2| (5
8p

[Re v>-2; Re p>0]

= ber (avx) oy cos (2p—3vn/4)

bei, (aVx) 2° p**! |sin(Qp-3vn/4)

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

pee ber (avx) fzcos (p—3n/4) a

Vx bei (av¥x) sin(wb—3n/4) v/a 8p

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

2
| e ;
a x bei(avx) si $5]

{Re p>0]

a2 2
5. l-ber (avx) C+In4a.
a wie@$5]
ai(
[Re p>0]
394 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

ber Pad 1/2 p -p-1 | 2k

1 (4k) Gh!
ex: | (ax ) =Aeed DE k ~ 14k) |(
{2
(4k -

/ 1}A(,-p)

(5)P) |Atk, (1¥1)/4) ,A(k,0),

Lenco
[/<4k; Re(4ky+vl)>-4k,; Re p>0]

ber’ pel/ 2. —p—1 2k

1/ (4k) |! ceeip tes = Ala
10. x" ie(ax )| + 2(2n) &! = 1)/2-k
Sei ~1,4k]) (4k x

(5)
A(l,-p)

A(k, (2+1)/4) , A(k,1/4),

A(k,-1/4),A ae
[/<4k; Re p>-1-1(2+1)/(4k); Re p>0)

3.19.2. ber (ae), bei, (ae ™*) and the exponential function

7" C2R) k LC at 4k
Ike, (laser J SK pet! GP skel a x

y bere
Ge Ix/ (4k) y x 1 T A(l,1-p)

bei (4k) Atk, (1¥1)/4) ,A(k,0),

Letts ee neea

(Re p>-1; Re p>-/(1¥1)/(4k)]

 THE KELVIN FUNCTIONS 395

3.19.3. ber,(ax!/*), bei, (ax!/*) and hyperbolic functions

23 Z
Notation: (db) = regres p= 3p

| ( rane oer +b)?

u,(b)= 4 ’
= (p+b) *+a
2
v, (Pp) “5
=g 5 [es[+ Eads rls
4 cuales)

3v10
— sin Gage
vawee a”
[és] :

2
-a[n_|.; 3 vm au
(P= 8 5 [sin w+ 4 Meoaltal*

2
3v0 a
cos [w+ 4 aeae Esl

sinh bx 1
1. ber (ax) salu b) ¥ u, (6))
cosh bx V8
[¥2 Re p>Re a+|Im a|+v¥ 2 |Re b|)

sinh bx I
pe bei (ax) —[u_(-b) ¥ u_(b)]
cosh bx V8
[2 Re p>Re at|Im a|+v¥
2 |Re }|]

sinh bx
cosg(-b) _cosg(b)
3. ber(avx) 2(p-b) a 2 (p+b)
cosh bx
[Re p>|Re 5|]

sinh bx ; E
: sing(-b) —~sing(d)

i (ope A ae ; 2 Ray
[Re p>|Re 5|]
396 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sinh bx
5. ber (aVx) v (p-b) ¥ v, (p+)
cosh bx
(Re v>-3¥1; Re p>|Re 5|]

sinh bx
6. bei (aVx) v,(p-b) ¥ v,(p+b)
cosh bx
[Re v>-3+¥1; Re p>|Re 5|]

a? sinh bx e a’ _|cos[p(-b)+3vn/4]
cosh bx a! (=b)\8 |

x ber, (aVx) 7 eestor vats)

(p+b) v+

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re b|]

3. x? Sink Bx . 2a, sin[g(~6)+3vn/4]

cosh bx getd p=)?

X bei_(avx) z Sin[ge(b)+3vn/4)
v (p+b) V+ 1

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re b|]

1 sinh bx i 1 a2 2
9, = bei | [Bf EN cee ||
* |cosh bx cise 3|Si(a52a5) *5i(z5225)
[Re p>|Re
b|]

1 sinh bx 0
10. ~ x + In —4— = Jn —_2— -
cosh bx o 2Vp-b 20 pt+b

x [1-ber(aVx)]
—ber(av x !
Be a”et a” ee ee
2|*(ap2a6) *cilaptas)|
[Re p>|Re 0}]
 THE KELVIN FUNCTIONS 397

3.19.4. ber (ax!/*) } ; 1/k

bei, (ax if) and
:
trigonometric
: ;
functions

Notation: see 3.19.3

sin bx
1. ber (ax) AY fu,(ib) Fu, (i)
cos bx v8 1
(V2 Re p>Re at+|Im a|+v¥2|Im b{)

sin bx i
2: bei(ax) ty btu (ib) F u_(-ib)]
cos bx ¥8\1
[V2 Re p>Re at|Im a|+¥
2 |Im 5]

sin bx
3. ber(avVx)
cos bx

sin bx
4. bei(avx)
cos bx

sin bx i
5. ber, (av¥x) | le,
(p+ib) + v, (p-ib)]
cos bx 1
[Re v>-341; Re p>|Im 5|]

sin bx i
6. bei, (avx ) ||vine + v,(p-ib)]
1 .
cos bx
[Re v>-341; Re p>|Im 5]
398 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx
cle cos [g(ib)+3vn/4] —
hs ae x
cos bx (prep yes,

reosietctbissen/4l]
x ber (aVx ) (p-i b) v+l

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im

5|]

sin bx
a” ||papu se z
8. Ae x (p+ ieyret
cos bx

~ Sin[g(-ib)+3vn/4)
x bei, (avx) (p-ib) Vital

[Re v>-(3¥1)/2; Re p>|Im 6|]

1 : ’ a* ep a’
Dp [si(aptara) *[ap2a78) |
[Re p>|Im }|]

0 arg(p-ib)

Cc in(4d p? +8? /a?)

1 i 2 2
x [1-ber(aVx) } ah 1
ki(,p+4ib
_ *ci[4p-4ib
—_ )]

[Re p>|Im
b|]

3.19.5. Products of ber, (ax'/), bei, (ax' fie ber’ (ax!/*), bei’ (ax!)

2 + 1/2:
ik ber? (ax) +bei2(ax) —+____k il oe ee
1/4 2
n(p -4a_) 4 4
p —-4a

[Re p>vV 2 (Re a+|Im a|)]

 THE KELVIN FUNCTIONS 399

a
2v ut2v+ 1 (u+2v+1)/4,
9 as [ber? (ax) +
Pov gh ines r a3
v+1, v+l1 (v+1) /2,

(u+2v+2)/4, (ut+2v+3)/4, (u+2v)/44+1

1 bei”(ax)]
v/2+1, v+l; 4a‘/p*

[Re(u+2v)>-1; Re p>v
2 (Re at|Im a})]

3. bers (aVx+ Tales

p v\2p

+ bei-(avx) [Re v>-1; Re p>0]

2¥ cam | ane
4, x? [ber?(aVx ice 2v
a oa
F
as
pF en Vv +1 ’ v+1 (v+1)/2,
(utv)/2+1; a*/(6p”)
+ bei?(avx)]
v/2+1, v+l

[Re(y+v),Re p>-1]

5. ber (aVx )x

x bei, (avx ) [Re v>-1; Re p>0)

rok u+2v (u+2v+2) /4,

6. x'x

(u+2v+3)/4, (wt2v)/4, (u+2v+1)/4

x [ber (ax) ber (ax) +
(AD/2s pel; 4a‘ /p* |

+ bei (ax) bei, (ax)] [Re(u+2v)>0; Re p>¥

2 (Re at+|Im a|)]
400 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

att! ut2v+2 (u+2v+2)/4,

—————
2
Rta hie IvElvt2 473)
v/2+1,
x [ber (ax)bej (ax) - (u+2v+3)/4, (w+2v+5)/4, ait
(v+3) /2, v+1; 4a‘/p4

= bei, (ax) ber, (ax)] [Re(u+2v)>-2; Re p>v

2 (Re at+|Im a|)]

r 2vee p+v+1/2
3. eX r x
g2° 32 here e? vo wel

(2u+2v+1)/4, (2u+2v+3)
/4
pd [ber (aV'x) ber (aVx)+ x fg
v/2, (@v+l)/2. vel; ap V16
+ bei (aV'x) bei (avx)] [Re(ut+v)>-1/2; Re p>0]

F azvt! ut+v+3/2
9. x x TP S<
BP a set hie v+1,v42

(2u+2v+3)
/4, (2u+2v+5)/4
x [ber (aV'x) bei, (aVx) - Aue
v/2+1, (v+3)/2, v+l1; a pil

—bei (aVx) ber. (aVx)] [Re(y+v)>-3/2; Re p>0]

2
10. x2 ae ts
2p? v\2p

< [ber (avx)bei, (avx) - [Re v>-2; Re p>0]

~bei (a¥x) ber (aVx)]

1 2
il. x (7 dy ce
a v\2p

x [ber (ax) bei (aVx)+ [Re v,Re p>0]

+bei (avx) ber (avx) ]

 THE KELVIN FUNCTIONS 401

12. [ber,, (av¥x)] 2 + lopee ($5

a 2
a

+ [bei, (aVx)] ? [Re v,Re p>0]

3.19.6. ker (ax), kei, (ax!) and the power function

. ‘Z| : zs [(Ip% sa?+2?) uae(Ip?sa? 2?) va

kei (ax)

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

ker. (ax) =i y/2| COS

BOkei, (ax) Deadnen| Geet oy sinOe@,at
COS @_
= ((u,-p)?+u2y”?
sin @_

2 4 41/4
[v2«,- re +p ; r=(a +p ;

1 p? I :
, = tig
— PSP
_—- 4 - vv arctan u =D ;

|Re v|<l; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

: oie mg ees 2 egies 74172, Shaye t

, kei, (ax) ye! ts 4 evel)74s Gity+3)/4,
(ut+2v+2+1)/4

(u-v+1)/4, (u-v+3)/4, eons

(Re p>|Re v|-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]
402 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

ker (aVx) + | {cos x siny)

4. “Fp ci(y) + si(y)
kei (aVvx) Pl lsiny cos X
{x- a’p '/4; Re p>0)

coi ker, (aVx) ‘ a 4nel he fA 1/2, 1, (Qu+2v+3+1) /4

a :
kei (aVx)
os¥na 2n+2 73,5 64p 2 (2u+v+2)/4,1+(2u+v)/4,

(2u-v+2)/4, 14+(2u-v)/4, ae
(Re p>|Re v|/2-1; Re p>0)

«lal ker (aVx) ee aon sing . (g2)

Vx kei, (avx) 4vp 21 cos o} “748?

cos @ 2
$ Y [35
ne ALE? |
2
Bas |Re v|<1; Re wo]

ker wt+1/2 2k
1/ (4k) i 3k, 11 (a
yee (ax )| Bi
te 2 tin) Che? tke 1 eet al[zz 4k x

] 1} A(1,-p)

x (7)
P) ¥1) /4),
1A(k,0), A(k,1/2), Atk,

ee
[Re p>/|Re v|/(4k)-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

3.19.7. ker (ae), kei (ae~*) and the exponential function

bs ae oe||
Notation: 6-{5}

=x
; ker(ae ) wileaell as 1-p/4

kei (ae *) 16 15) 956 0, 1/2, (1-8)/2, 6/2, -p/4

 THE KELVIN FUNCTIONS 403

x
. ker(ae ) sitletet LA 1+p/4

kei (ae”) 10-1155 6\p/4, 0, 1/2, (-6)/2, 6/2

(larg a|<n/4)

—p
4 ker, (ae ) lL gt a 1-p/4, (6+v)/2

kei, (ae) 16 2619 56|v/4, (v+2)/4,-v/4, (2-v)/4,

(v+ 6)/2, “5
[Re p>|Re
v|]

x. A
. ker, (ae) Liao qi| (5t+v)/2, 1+p/4 ;

kei, (ae*) 16 6(256|p/4, v/4, (v+2)/4, -v/4,

(2-v)/4, (v+8) ,|
[|arg a|<x/4]

=X. pb Pint 3k, atk

5. (l-e “)' X seen eed ot, 4k+i| 7 x

x
ker (ae! 4) x 1 a
A(l,1-p)
kei (4k) A(k,0) , A(k,1/2), A(k,(1-5)/2),

A(k,6/2), Sad
(Re p>-1; 4kRe p>/|Re v|]}

ay P(ptl) _ 60.3ke!
(e lc-t= mp)” >< Sree TG Lyne Byer ||40 x

ker Ad,l-p), A,1/2),- A«,)),

| oct x t3
kei a A(l,-p-w) ,

A (k,(1+6)/2), ial

{Re p>-1; |arg a|<x/4)

404 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.19.8. ker (ax'/*), kei, (ax!) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: u, (p,€) = =e p ie =) 2 =
8 p+a‘

1/2 1+2e
= ey'(fp ate) ]+—P—__ x
(2+e)a
4

xf, [lheed 44°83

1,5 353,42
=|

1 cos X .{Sinx ne
u,(P,€) = a5] - id”)+ (-1) si(x) }, X= 4p
P sin x cos ¥,

sinh bx
—. ker (ax) uy (p-b,1) ¥ u, (p+b,1)

[Re p>|Re b|; |arg a|<n/4]

kei (ax) uy (p-6,0) + uy (p+b,0)

[Re p>|Re b|; |arg a|<n/4)

=
a 5 my

cosh bx
@ ~8 sl u,(p-6,1) + u, (p+b,1)

[Re p>|Re b|]

sinh bx
kei(avx) u,(p-b,0) ¥ u,(p+b,0)
cosh bx——
SS
7
[Re p>|Re b|]

3.19.9. ker (ax!/*), kei, (ax!) and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.19.8

sin bx i
1. ker (ax) [u, (p+ib,1) ¥ uy (p-ib,1)]
cos bx 1
[Re p>|Im 5]; |arg a|<x/4)
 THE AIRY FUNCTIONS 405

sin bx i
2: kei (ax) fly, (p+ib,0) + uy (p-ib,0)]
cos bx 1
[Re p>|Im b|; |arg a|<n/4}

sin bx i
3: ker(avx) [u, (p+ib,1) ¥ u,(p-ib,1)]
cos bx 1
[Re p>|Im 5|]

sin bx i
4. kei(avx) [u,(p+ib,0) + u, (p-ib,0)]
cos bx 1
[Re p>|Im b}]}

3.19.10. The Kelvin functions and the logarithmic function

ie avx {er (aVvx) 1 cosy) (sin

. In = —|Iny =
2 |bei (avx) P siny 4 |cos ¥
ker (aVx) i
- oe [y-a'p '/4; Re p>0]
kei (av x)

3.20. THE AIRY FUNCTIONS Ai(z) AND Bi(z)

For calculating Laplace transforms of expressions containing the Airy

functions one can use the relations

‘ Be 94 NP
Aid -4]3 K,,,(3 i
2 3/2 Dsl 2
Bicx)=|% [ae )+453 }].

and the formulas of the Sections 3.15 and 3.16.

406 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.20.1. Ai(ax!”*y, Bi(ax!!*) and the power function

| 3 31/6 2 4 3
1. Ai(ax) 3q exP sie -2—Pr(3| 7, We ay ate
3 2na 3} 3a
Z 3
+ ey |a Ip[5]1-|p1bs- =e aD
31/6453 3)1 i =

{|arg a|<n/3]

(4p-3)/6
2. x Ai(ax) pS 2. -2 ca Ae x
ana. | 3 3
(u+1)/3, (u+2)/3 3 (4utl)/6
= p
207 x
1/3 92/38 Sp ia oypea
+2
(u+2)/3, p/3+1
xr (4s?) re
3 +1) Cee
+

2/3184] 3 ee Dah (3a)

3 (4u+5)/6 2 +4
Seer ezeee ad) LYtap x
4na'*3 3 3
w/3+1 , (u+4)/3
Zaz
4/3, 5/3; -p?/(3a°)
(Re w>-1; |arg a|<n/3]

By A/S 2
be” Ai(ax” ~) g ORF SINT ay RC +i), (ut ween

Bi(ax”/4) 2np'*! a fcc ea)

4a? ag! 57 dileteg 1H pg, 5

9p
2 2np”
+573 Basil 2s

yp Dat
[sees Sue8 2. 40°
6 ’ 6 ’ 3?

[Re p>-1; Re(3p+2a””)>0]

 THE AIRY FUNCTIONS 407

k
gil 3putis2 pak Ae
4. xtAilox (34),
3! /6 ogi ete hy a2 1,2k 92

A(l,-p) |
x

ih
—

P) |Ak,0), Atk, 1/3)

(Re p>-1; Re p>0O for /<2k, or |arga|<n/3 for [>2k,
or Re(3p+2a””)>0 for [=2k)

k
Sx" pitae!
GP) ha ee er? ktm bar
gi FS (a qy CEa dD 2k oped “2eehat| |gge

(5)
AGs—p)
Atk, 1/6), 0K; 273)

A(k,0) ,A(K, 1/3) ,AC(k, 1/6) Atk, 2/3)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0O for /<2k, or Re(3p—2a”’”)>0 for /=2k]

k
1/ 3t eat 2 2
.,__-l/ (3k) k 1 0,2k+/|
|9k
6. x" Ai(ax ) Zl & ha yk! x MP TP at oer ; a as

1)! A(l,-w), Atk,1), Atk, 2/3)

Daf

(7)
—

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/3]

3.20.2. Aicax"”’y, Bi(ax!*) and the exponential function

do
Notation: Gopal
s = cat
Ea8
x 6 ef {0}

We/asin pee le /ae 3/2\k

2 3/2_I/k k l 2k, dk+l1 (4a
1. exp (23a
3 x \x Se
fo es
eee k+l, 2k 3k )

1] A(1,-p)
ACK, 5/6)
x Ai(ax*/ 3) x [5]
P) |A(k,0), Atk, 2/3)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/3]
408 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2. xexp [250/24 )x
pil 3peris2
OT at ete
Gok: 2k+!
2k+1,k
3k
4a
Baz
)x
(21)

A(di,-p), Atk, 1), ang

x Ai(a x
-21/ (3k)
)
«(A) A(k, 1/6)

[issmee {feu>-1-1/(6k); Re p>0

Re p>0 }
"x
Sia
3. xtexp [+Ray!) x
k 1/3 j,u+1/2 2k, k+l 114 a
1/6 Da tal |
(2n)*6

(i)
A(l,-p)
,A(k, 5/6), ACK, 1/3)
Bi TAT)
A(k,0), A(k, 2/3), Atk, 1/3)

(Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/3]

\x
pif puri/2
k,2k+l 3k
4. x"exp [-rea x cae a2
(ny ori ee! a

A)
A(l,-p) ,A(k, 1), A(k, 1/3), A(k, 2/3)) ©
hitasie
A(k,1/6), A(k,2/3)
[Re p>-1-//(6k); Re p>0; jarg a|<n/3]

3.20.3. Ai(f(e *)), Bi(f(e

*)) and the exponential function

eee eel B
Notation: 6 {o}

1. Ai(ae’) 3
-1/6
6x
: 1319
53
30]a 1+p/3
pI3 <0, F173
[|arg a|<n/3]
 THE AIRY FUNCTIONS 409

k
aula 1) 2k, | ae A¢l,l-p)
2.2iee.)' x pee ae Gi 2k+l 2
elas hina 7 aid(a Ok A(k,0) ,

<Aiae 3")
Hts ee
[Re p>-1; Re p>0J

aita—e tx [sue Ca 0,2k+1| |9k? “|[email protected]),

3! 6 (an) kypptl 2k+1,1 3 A(,-p-p)

A=); oe
SCAnaee =)
[Re p>-1; |arg a|<n/3]

(25) kr (u+ly grtyt a »

Aa-6
) X gi/6,p+l 2k+1,4k+1

1 A(l,1-p) , A(k,1/6) ; A(k, 2/3)

x Bide) <a

CRIS A(k,0), A(k,1/3), (kK, 1/6),

NCkp 23) Sfsspen

[Re »>-1; Re p>Q]

5.exp [+3(ae ola cies

praia)2 2loy
fy 2pSimAr tp
a.
+4057)
37
-

x Ai(ae*) a, CRP erY 5 2p+2. 5 2p+5., 43/2

- Geprara * GPs aw 3
[Re p>0]
410 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2 fe 71/3 is 4a2/? 5/6, 1+2p/3

6. exp [£3(ae') }x yi pam eC 13 3
3 (Pa) Vy 2p)3s Ore 2ie3
e ns < Re p>-1/4; |arg a|<n/3
x Ai(ae’) [ee al<n/3 }]

7. exp|£3(ae 2 ret))3/2 ) 371/6

pV(2 5
Pp
Fg 1 2p.)
3 3? Op eae
3 tlt ze =

1/6 p+1
pes 3 a eli
ps lee Ps Oe aos 2
x Bi(ae ’) (pt C73) File 2 3 ae eo
(Re p>0]

: v3 3/2|5/6, 1/3, 1+2p/3

8. exp(- Fee*””) x +a —
3) Vi. Hs Ys BY S5, Le

x Bi (ae*) (Re p>-1/4;, jarg a|<n/3]

We/a3
~ k T(ut+l) 2k, 5k+1 1
9. (l=eay'x (Im) & C8417 2) 6176 wet k+1,2k+l ——-x
(3k) *

seca tre tyiy

x exp(*$.0°/%e x(4a3! 2y* A(l,l-p), A(k,5/6)

A(k,0) ,A(k , 2/3) ,AU,-p-p)

Sa Cipro [Re p>-1; Re p>0;]

(02 doe kt?P 6176

C2ny E8172) (ur) wel TROL
2k+l, k+l LerMes.

e ; A(,1-p),A(k,1) ,A(k,1/3)
Xexp ee ce ‘\x X—H445-4
Tae
5 (4a ) | A(k,1/6), A(l,-p-p)

; 21/ (3k) _,.JRe p>-l/(6k); |arg al<n/3

x Ai(ax ) [Re- ee a |<n/3
 THE AIRY FUNCTIONS 411

es Fut) 2k, k+l

Gg 2k+1, 3/2.k
3k+l (Aqebryes
Il. G-e )' x Cdn) 2461/6, HeF!

exp le2etal |U 1 A(1,1-p) , A(k, 5/6),A

(k,1/3)
><
Cr A(k,0) , A(k,2/3), A(k,1/3),
-21/ (3k)
x Bi(a x )
nine
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

pif3
by, Ge ceales: On
ll /6,H+h
6
ted ens pas
3k+1, 2k+1
jaw"

Ad Asp) yiAk, Ly}

xexp| -30°!Hes Xsme
(4a ) ~ |A(k,1/6), A(k,2/3),

A(k, 1/3), A(k,2/3)

<< Bitax’ ”)
ACE =p-p)

[Re p>-1; Re p>-//(6k); |arg a|<x/3]

3.20.4. Products of the Airy functions and the power function

eer ee |1
Notation: 5-{i

b,-,
1. x Ai(ax
U Gb k
I Go et Led 2
tel
)x 3 1/26 EeCiatyi 2 eer
12 Tt (22) p
k
xd Ai (axl! 3%) e Creag he 4a :3 ( ea]l A(,-p),
Bi OF a a A(k,0),

Atk, 5/6) |

A(k,2/3), Atk, 1/3)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<x/3]
412 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1/6,p+1/2
-I/ (3k) k
2. x"Ai(ax »x 121/3,,!/2 -6 k+(l-1)/2 p* +1
x
(22)
3)k

()
Ai tae 5} k-5k,2k+5k+1) |OK AUS) 5
x X Gaps |
| 5;
Bi 4a A(k, 1/6)

A(k,1), A(k,1/3), vie

Re p>0
[issa|<x/3, isp>0;Re oe

3.20.5. Products of the Airy functions and the exponential function

ve ayer (IL
Notation: 6-{o}

1-p/3, 5/6
in 2+8,2-8|4a°
1. Ai(ae*) x —-4__-_G
n3/ 2-8 2,4 9
6 0; 2131/3, =pis

|
Ai (ae*)
{Re p>0]
Bi (ae*)

iy Ra /3 or a 5/6, 1+2/3
2. Ai(ae’) x 64228 2.4 9
p/3,0,; 2/3), L£3

‘|
Ai (ae*) jarg al<n/3
itep>-1/2; |arg a|<n/3 }]
Bi (ae*)

3: de ys po rap
12113 q 112-8 (ogy kpetl

eenees
3 k
el Gh A(1,1—p),
x Ai( a
9k A(k,0) ,
Ai Atk, 5/6)
wera}

Bi A(k, 2/3), Atk, 1/3), ee

[Re »>-1; Re p>0]

 THE INTEGRAL BESSEL FUNCTIONS 413

1/6
4. (l-e "x P(pt+1)
12) 73g 172-8 (any keel

2» x
x Ai(ae! eee 282)"1A(,1-p) :
4a”) }A(k,1/6),
x AN gel! Bb Atk, 1), A(k, 1/3) ,A(k,2/3)
Bi AQ ,=Pp-Kv)

jarg a|<n/3
[remfp p>-1/ (6k); \arg a|<n/ 7

3.21. THE INTEGRAL BESSEL FUNCTIONS Ji(z), Yi), Ki,(z)

3.21.1. Jitax”*5) Yi (ax ), Ki (ax, and the power function

v ut+v+l (u+v+1)/2, (ut+v)/2+1,v/2

P + CODY: | |,
Notation: uy (v) =- een
v+l1 v/2+1, v+l1; +q’/p”

oe |
ew eres. v u p+v/2+1 pt+v/2+1,v/2;ta p /4

: alee, wel) tf? Tlv/ 2th, vel

v v/2—-p-1 p-v/2+1 v/2; ta’ p/4

th. fa) p
u,(v) i; v r M3 ”
Vv v+1 v/2-p,v+1,v/2+1

-_ —_ . +
7
+ _ Safe eed F pt+l; ta“p/4

wy = 2(p+1) p+v/2+2
3 wt+2,p—v/2+1,u+v/2+2
,

1. Jiy (ax) D 3

[a,Re p>0]
414 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Yi, (ax) a 1 \,2(p+d pa” +e?

ay jones + on n/2f" a 8p\l
Ki, (ax)
a>0
[rep20, {i et

3. Ji, (ax)
Hl Cal
{Re v>-1, v0: a,Re p>0]

Yi (ax) = cS eva 1 [ee puta” a aa x

4.
Ki_ Vv (ax) ME 2 a 1
ey)

me p?+a’ (341)/2{ v0
x - — 2cos op

' a>0
[irev|<l, v0; Re p>0, fe avy

5. bee (ax) u. (v)

1
, EOE
vpe a

(Re p,Re(u+v)>-1; a,Re p>0}

i Yi (ax) cos vn) Lyre

+ csc vt u,v) - uy (-v) ne
6. x Ki (ax) n/2 n/2

Ary oy 2 cot (vn/2)

Qvprt! nmcsc(va/2)

E p>|Re v|-1; Re p>0, ee

1. Ji, (avx)

(Re p>0; |arg a|<m]

 THE INTEGRAL BESSEL FUNCTIONS 415

8. xJi_ (ax) u,(v) + P (y+ 1)

v 2 p+
vp
(Re p>-1; Re(2p+v)>-2; Re p>0; |arg a|<m)

Yi (aVx) cos vm) . ie ee

9. x" + csc vn u,(v) = u,(-v) ae
Ki (avx) n/2 xn/2
yee 2 cot(vn/2)
2vp"*' |x csctvn/2)
[rep>|Re v|/2-1;
Re p>0, eo

af er les/i2 2k
10. x" i“(ax 1/ (4k) ) SG l
2? atlanta
2k-5k+1,11
1+1,2k+1
(a
($21
2k
x

E4
l Ad, —w io!
x —_—

0, A(k,v/2), A(k,-v/2)

[medt-r/aeci-sye-ny Re p>-1, Re p>0,

Re(2ku+/v)>-2k; a>0
Re w>/|Re v|/(2k)-1; Re a>0

/2 2k
Se ny pes 2k+1,1 E
lie Ve v lax ) 2k (2x) °!
z ees G k+1+1,3k+1] SaE|
(2k
ox

/ 1]Ad,-p), A(k,-(v+1)/2), 1

x (5)
P) 10, A(k,v/2), Atk, -v/2),

ken de
[Re p>-1; a,Re p>0]

igi v
54
ve.
us(v) + ut(y) + vp
PED
[Re p>-9/4; a,Re p>0}
416 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Yi (a/Vx) cos vm) | Wa

13. xh + csc vt u,v) = u,(-v) +
Ki (a/¥x) n/2 n/2
2cot (vn/2) 2cot(ut+v/2)x
es +) 5 u,v)
2vp"** lncsc(vn/2) sicsc(ut+v/2)5

[reBO: fs be te 4)

Afr) ee ley) 2 2k
b v -1/ (4k) l 0, 2k-5k+/+1 2k
14. x : (ax ) 2= 6 m opt Coe l4t 1 a ms
Ki, 2 KZ 50) ee

1] !|Ad,-p), 1, A(k,1-v/2),A(k,1+v/2)

«EF |
[mec-n asda ns Re pone poe Gh» ool

io
. 7 VRP ype 0,2k+1+1 (73)2k
15. x"Yi (ax ) : =| 3
v IE Oui Ap 3k+14+1,k+1 a

1)! [4d,-w, 1, A(k,1-v/2),

(5) 0, A(k,(3+v)
/2)
A(k,1+v/2) , me fa

[Re p>-1-5//(4k); a,Re p>0]

3.21.2. Ji,(ax”), Yi (ax? n

Ne Ki (ax' a2 and hyperbolic functions

Je a ee
Notation: u,=In +b+ (nab) to

2 2\v
we(pv) = t(etpeee)
 THE INTEGRAL BESSEL FUNCTIONS 417

if sinh bx

cosh bx
\ly(ax)
D(p=b)
thes
2 psb)
uy

[Re a>0; Re p>|Re 5})

2{ sinh bx

cosh bx
Yi 0 (ax)

[a>0; Re p>|Re 5|]

a sinh bx

cosh bx
Ki) (ax)
4(p-b)
u? E u?
4(p+b)
FI ne
Sitp7 257)
{4
Pp

[Re a>0; Re p>|Re b|]

sinh bx b
1 l
4, J i,(ax) — ay) (p-
-b, -v) + Sow" (p+b,-v)+ rae
cosh bx ViCp a0) AND
[Re v>-1, v0; a>0; Re p>|Re 6]

sinh bx
cot(val/?) b - Fo ese vn[wt (p—b,v)+
5. Yi (ax)
cosh bx v(p +b" )\|p

+COS VIt w, (p—b,-v) Fw, (p+b,v) Fcos vit w,(p+b,-v)]

[|Re v|<l, v0; a>0; Re p>|Re

5|)

sinh bx
ed an b + Fy osc vat[w, (p—b,v)+
6. Ki (ax)
cosh bx 2v(p? = 52) p

+ aes + w, (p+b,v) + w (p+b,-v)]

[|Re v|<l, v40; Re a>0; Re p>|Re

d|]

rf sinh bx

cosh bx
Jaan
Tash
l é a
2
=
apeae| Pa ceeoyE- Teas)
1 : a
2

[Re p>|Re b|; |arg al<n]

418 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.21.3. siax'", Yi (ax), Ki (ax) and trigonometric functions

Notation: Ajai (u,+p) 24 (udl6) a p= arg[p+u,+iu_—ib],

1 /4
YIu,-1r?+(p?+a?-b"), r=|(p'+a" ~7y7+45' 2"|2

eee
B=7-1b eine p=ided (9-14) 7a")
a
.
C(v) = od
bos p=tbel ip=10) Tae")
p=o a

Lt:
sin bx
Jip (ax)
1
Fare (A - Ina) +o
P
cos bx p +b p b
[a>0; Re p>|Im }}]

Py
sin bx
st
cos bx
Yi) (ax) a
n(p?+b*)
o’- 2A Ina - at
b

P
\
p
+ 2~(A — In of|
b
[a>0; Re p>|Im b})

J
sin bx 1 ImB 2
3. Ki, (ax)
0
cos bx 2 Re B 8(p?+b")
[a>0; Re p>|Im b|]

2,-v/2
‘sin bx
1 AI [(ptu,)7+(u_-b) ]
4. Hfi,(ax) xX
cos bx v(p?+b7) p v(p?+b*)

P ‘cos(v@) —p sin(v@)
xa
Pp cos(vg)
+b sin(vq)
[Re »>-1; v0; a>O; Re p>|Im 5|]
 THE LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS 419

5. sin bx Vi tax) cot(vn/2) : _a’cotvn lp 24

cos bx} ~ v(p? +b") Pp v(p?+b") d
: fay) Ses cos(v@)—p sin mae

p cos(v@)+b sin(v@)
[p+ eP4 Ga 5) 21°?

a’ vsinvn(p?+b-) ;

5 ‘cos(vp)+p |
p cos(v@)—5 sin(v@)
{|Re v|<1; v0; a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]}

sin bx b
6. Ki (ax) ~ nese{vn/?) + Fy CSC VX
cos bx 2v(p° +b) \p 2

Im[C(v)+C(-v)]
x
Re [C(v)+C(-v)]
[|Re v|<l, v0; Rea>0; Re p>|Im
5|]

fe 1 i 1 ae
sin bx
Tk Ji, (av x) [sre =(- apiaie|*
cos bx 0 4 1 pt+ib 4p+4ib

= a
.
+ hp ei(-792775] |
(Re p>|Im b|; |arg a|<x)

3.22. THE LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS P(z)

3.22.1. P(ax*”””) and the power function

niv¥n(a/2)” -n-1/2(p),-n-1/2[_ p
1
prise Lins a Lin/2] a
1. fn

[Re p>0]
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

[2 B
wap K stl? (2]
[Re p>0]}

(-1) "r(n+1/2) a"Lele Z)

poet n A 2
[Re p>0]

(=1) "P(n+3/2) a 2n+1 L ea Ee

etiog n 2
a
{Re p>0]

(-1)" grerli2e
——,—**
n:
ael
—#E(ut+l1)
p+
x
p
—n,. nte+1/2, A(m,p+1)
m+2 1 e+1/2; ma pee

[e-0 or 1; Re p>-1; Re p>0)

(1/2), (2a) nT (p-mn/2+1) x

6. Was (ax ””*)
! pt--mn/2+1

-n/2, (1-n)/2, A(m,p-mn/2+1)

m+2 1 1/2-n; mtd p ™

(Re p>-1-mn/2; Re p>0)

(Zs)
a
7. O(x-a 2) 1/2p
x

3.22.2. P (f(x)) and algebraic functions

1. P (i+ax)
mid-a/2)" ,-2n-1(2p
: n+1 n a
Pp
[Re p>0]
 THE LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS 421

| nu -p/a a a
rs PG —ax)
Zap“ [Feals] a cere)
[Re p>0]

6 (2-+]Liga|l-ax) [22 ~pla Pp

ap* Beals

[Re p>0]

2 n
(n!)~(-a/2) -2n-1 -2n-1
4. P (1-ax’) p 2n+1 L, (12)L, [-[2]

[Re p>0]

6 ([2-s] Pd -ax’) tee mt

ERG) JxaN ialDa

—n, n+1, A(m,p+l)

I (n+l) :
xEP 4 1 +ax'”) p* +1 m+2 1 1; Z maps?

[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

me OZ) n Tr(p-mn/2+i)
= x*P (i+ax- ) n! (2a) perme 2a x

—n, -n, A(m,p-mn+1)

x F
m+2 1 -2n; Ima 1) m

[Re p>mn-1; Re p>0)

n!
n+1 L, (ap)

[Re p>0]

=l, it, 4 (m,ptl)

mn Pr(ntl) :
. x*(l+ax) x pti m+2 1 m -m
Pp 1; —m ap

|
ne
l-ax [Re p>-1; Re p>v)
xP m
l+ax
/
 422 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

n
10. P, (V1+ax) n!(~-a) ea (3
2n ihn lon a

[Re p>0]

n
11. l x n! (~-a) (S|
Vi+ax oa ye a
xXPo 14, (Vl+ax) [Re p>0]

12. x*p | 1+ax”

( r(pt+l) F —n, n+1/2, A(m,p+1)
2n dea m+2> 1 1; Se
-mrn
[Re u>-1; Re p>0]

13° eae x C(ut+1) < —n, n+3/2, A(m,p+l1)

fy m prt m+2 1 ie cmap
tax ’

Xe 2n+1 (Visax”) [Re u>-1; Re p>0}

-n qt/2
14. (+ax)'/?x eh SOE 2}
ay a 1 we
oes nlda
p

xP,[ ) [Re p>0]

Vi+ax

15. x"(1+ax')"!/25 Pitts, ole.

aed m+2 | . mM -m
P Ls: —-m ap

Pani (——— } [Re »>-1; Re p>0]

140%"

(a+x)” x T(n+1/2)

= vx Ell | ores.
[Re p>0]

grille P(n+3/2) wa?)

a % “perare
x
x Ponti fme [Re p>0]
 THE LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS 423

(-1)"n! -n-1/2
18. Grove x
n/2 wel on (ap)
a p
x 5 = [Re p>0)

24 a’ +6x

3.22.3. P(f(e*)) and the exponential function

OC lap rey 2)
Ponve® ) GP TCprei2...,
{e-O or 1; Re p>-«]

n+1
((l+p+e)/2) n
2. Pony
(€) Cl 1 (espa) n+l
{e=-0 or 1; Re p>n)

(1i—p))
3. P (2e *-1) (-1)" —__——
le (Pp) n+1
[Re p>0]

(p+1)
AoP Oe 1) Be eae
1 n

ey ( P) n+l.
[Re p>n]

ep n|
(eter
atl
__n!
7S ae
_ piorp)(_a_
n a+l
[a4-1; Re p>0]

are * (-1)"*! n! p(p.-p){_ _a@

3 sl bee py ae in a+}
[a4-1; Re p>n]

i) *
vn (1/2) ty p
v |
~—i
ae _ oO
Nemo’ 2¢(n!) a Pat erearal
[Re p>0]
424 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

SS See eee p
Zin!) (dl PT emei/a]

[Re p>0]

3.22.4. Pig (y) and various functions

na
[x]
Pig (y)
=e.”

pllodayeceraceas
fast osdialips y Pe 1 I}

In 2-In(Itaye 4 1—-2aye Parte”

[ac Mounlyed y Pay 1}

qi*!

" TxeTt exp(aye ”)J (ae ” toy a)

qgix!
l-e ?
Clix fie [x]
(y) 1, (2ae Vy =] 1) (Qae °Vy+ 1)

[x]
l-e ? Poet -
, (5. 5; V5 aye”, aye - ©
a
ae
Py)
[x]
2
[y,-ved y -1; Re p>in|ay, |]

(v)
LESiE lB. l-e ? 1 eee
Ix}! 7 Pi™ (l-ay,)*
aR ee Alben e -ay,
2
Ly, -vedy -1; Re p>in|ay, |]

(VY) 199 BE lata) I= -p

Nhaile pa -p y+l1
¥, (vit ae = ae ert
(fx]}t)2 Ux]
 THE CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS

(ph) (v) Loe =

8. Es) Lal x Ive F (uvststiae? 254, ac? 251)
([x]!) ve
[x]
Xa Pig

3.22.5. P (cosh ax) and P (cos ax)

x 2n+1
1. P (cosh >) 2 (2p-n) 9 41
[Re p>n/2]

2. Pp hes ax }) pe I] p?+(2k+e-1) 7a’

Ne ee (p?ta7)*
ker p?+(2k+e)
7a?
: Ima
[-- or 1; Re pranee{ ae ‘t]

3.22.6. Products of PF (x)) and the power function

m y m 2 T(pt+l) —n,n+1,1/2,A
, ’ ’ (m, ’ w+1)
1. x [> ( 1-ax )] pt+l om+3 1 mo o-m
p stig ap

[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

3.23. THE CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS T(z) AND U_(2)

3.23.1. Pee and algebraic functions

x n+] F
1. Pe (;] La O,, (ap)
[Re p>0]

i c-a;'7,, [3] VBnae “°O,,(vBap)

[a,Re p>0]
426 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3/2
2_ 2-2, qu ap AED han
lg + (5] ¥[Han-wral aearal 4

si ap ap
FM y ial B\Fara 5)
[a>0]

K n6@P)

[a,Re p>0)

(-1)"n!(2n+1) van 2n+1 as p

L |
a DoeETEee n 2,
a

[Re p>0]

nivat a (o)
n+1/2 n

[Re p>0]

—n,n,A(m,put+1)
ie re meze—m
p N/ 2 anata
[Re p>0]

oe lr (utmn/2+1)
(-1)° (Qn+1) po ee bcs

-n, n+1, A(m,p+m/2+1)

m+2° 1 3/2; ma pe

[Re p>-m/2-1; Re p>0]

9. x"T (ax)
2"~' al (p-mn/2+1) x
p-mn/2+1
p
ae (1-n)/2, yee
X 42 1 m_ -2 -n 1
l-n; Wt QLD
(Re »>-mn/2-1; Re p>0]
 THE CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS 427

10. xe gy? x I
[z Dy/_6%24P)D
of
-n-1/2 (V2ap)

«7,(5) a
[a,Re p>0]

3.23.2. T (f(x)) and algebraic functions

1, = IX 1+ax) a!
(<a)
"Vn ,-2(2p
Poe ee n a
x
[Re p>0]

{Re p>0]

1/2
Dir) 2
4. E- 1 T (ax -1)
2 «,,([2>|
[a,Re p>0]

—-n,n, A(m,utl)
Ie tae)
eel bith 74 | a moo -m
p 1/2; -m ap /2
[Re p>-1; Re p>0)

anh an TI (p-mn+1) x
p-mn+l

-n, 1/2-n, A(m,p-mn+1)

x m+2 F 1 1-2n; Boy ihe -] p = m

[12>1; Re p>mn-1; Re p>0]

pS Ae A),

[Re p>0]
, 428 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

—n, 1/2-n, A(m,pu+1)

r(pt+l) ¢
8. xd -ax'") x p+l m+? 1 mH <M
P 1/2; m ap q
l+ax” (Re p>-1; Re p>0)
x sa

niv¥n(-a)” Ete
n+1/2 n a
} vx (l+ax) Dp

ATs 1 (V1+ax) [Re p>0]

—n, n, A(m,ptl)
r(ptl) F
10. x'T aC tee) p pt+l m+2> 1
1/2; -m”ap”

[Re p>-1; Re p>0}

-n, ntl, Bes

(p+)
li x p p+ m+2° 1 1/2; =aap

(Re p>-1; Re p>0]

xT ones l+ax”)

L2
12. Cltax)y Yna™ [2
x pip tel san a
Vx

xT] l+ax
[Re p>0]

(n+l)
—n/2,(1-n)/2,A(m,
p+1)
13. x" (tax tye ox p m+2 1 1/2; ean
p+

[Re p>-1; Re p>0)

3.23.3. T (fe *)) and the exponential function

n _{2>(P-ntl)/2
der ee) —fTY.
2 (ptn+1)/2
[Re p>0]
 THE CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS 429

cpa, (p+e)/2 |((e-p+1)/2),

: (p+e+l)/2
CCe+p+1) 72) |
) [e-0 of 1; Re p>0]

ae ke (p-e)/2 (Ce+p) /2)

3. d-e%)/? x en ar CaS
(p-e+1)/2 Ls n
xT) [e<O or 1; Re p>n]

nV, si P| kts 22) se

holes 3 (-1l)" var Wiss
p+1/2 (1 2+P),
x diedQe <= 1) [Re p>0]

3.23.4. U oe) and algebraic functions

7, «atu, [2] (ntl) a Kap)

[a,Re p>0]

Bo (n-1)2i/2
a: (x44)! a (4) £_, —__§ (ap)
[Re p>0]

(avx) 4-1) (nt+1) Nn anti ze

n
2]
prts/2 n a2
[Re p>0]}

« duyiar®
vx
cyt mfg?" p22,
p
! 2n oye
a
[Re p>0]

5. a x"U,2n (ax!) geste Yeeec| cD

i aia m+2 1 1/2;
eT
mq? p-™

[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

430 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

6. x"U, (ax) CD "2e ba ptm/2+1

ast
—n, n+2, A(m,n+m/2+1)
m+2 1 m 2 _-m
3/2; ma p
tke p>-m/2-1; Re p>0]

y -m/2 (2a) "T(p-mn/2+1)

1.x U (ax ) pine ae S x

-n/2, (1-n)/2, A(m,p-mn/2+1)

x 42 1 ! m -2 -m
—n; map
[Re u>mn/2-1; Re p>0]

3.23.5. U(f(x)) and algebraic functions

n
1. YEU, (1+ax) fre
ee
eeeae fay
vt n alee
a

[Re p>0]

2, 2n+2
2. xU (1+ax’) Cine “2001 (12>)
[Re p>0]

—n,n+2,A(m,pt+l1)
3. x"u_(t+ax")
n
ipo)
w+l om+2 1 m o-m
p 3/2; -m ap
[Re >-1; Re p>0}

1/2 n x-a (<b tn 419i

4. x “(xt+a) Th ea pit trycytt2 ani ap)
ap
[Re p>0]

5. ¥xU,,(/
2n
1+ax) (2n+1)
ni ¥n(-a)" p-2-1(p
apo ot? n a

[Re p>0]
 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 431

LPS, Viaae (n+1)!v¥n(-a)” ,-2n-2

o T+ax Jans I+ax) n+3/2 — [2]
[Re p>0]

Tex (fi+ax”) Gti see

sls) ci aa ales
2n eros gine 2el im. =m
p 3/2; -m ap
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

B —n,n+2,A (m, u+1)

Cee SY, i DeBAD ie 2eal m o-m
ieee Pp 3/2; m ap

UV ans / l+ax”™ [Re 1>-1; Re p>0)

ni 2
9. ¥x(1+ax)/y n
1
i ———————s
LPax
(n+1)V¥na
peas)
ay
12
({2]n a

[Re p>0]

10. x"(1+ax""?x (ne pL ED x

: p
1 —n/2, (1-n)/2, A(m,p+l1)
Xie m+2- 1
eee 3/2: -m am
ap
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

3.23.6. U,(f(e*)) and the exponential function

(3- >}“ Pp
=
1. =e) a (ae) pee
n |p+n+3/2
[Re p>0]

3.24. THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS Li @)

3.24.1. L*(ax’) and the power function

n
(v+l1) i (-n). 5 j

Notation: u(r) = pee Se > PGr+p+l)

ee eee o—
rpbtl Clee)!
n'p na j Pp

See also the Section 3.30 for v=n.

432 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(p-a)"
1. L (ax) n+1

[Re p>0]

Ir(n+1/2) | a
2, get *L (ax) mo ra,i |

[Re p>0)

n! p {1-24
3. x"L, (ax) pitt p

[Re p>0]

4. et 1 (ax)
P(n+3/2)
ree et
|l- a
=
wire pa 2n+1 p

[Re p>0]

Vi pray
aye =|e
z 1 (a ee GEESE
x
P ry -—ap
[Re p>0]

gh porn (1- 24)

6. L} (ax)
pn p
[Re p>0]

Tage L} (ax)
a" T (p+l) p(-n-n-1p-v-n) eed
pe n

SEG ae ee2)
Sas p-a

[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

8. x"L) (ax) C(vtn+l1) n

era

{Re v>-1; Re p>0]

 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 433

9. x v/2-1,¥
L (ax) BATHE
T'(v/2)
SeRIA a
(n+1)/2
| <x
p

| pta

[Re v,Re p>0]

(v-1)/2 Ly(ax) (v+ (v+1) /2)

PC 1)
10. x ———————— XX
(Vi2+1).
(a/4)"_ -v/2-n(, _ 2p
IeesByerT ed, J a

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

fe?
/2 T(v/2+1) (p-a)" v/2+1| 2p-a__|_
M1. x" L)(ax) (v+n) /2+1 ee 5
P ad p -—ap

die ee - = |
a4 3 -ap
[Re v>-2; Re p>0]

n/2
12 areasE (ax) ("Even
Pp

—v-n| Q@+p _|a@pr-v-n| atp

x oe : ome
2Vap 2Vap

[Re v<-n-1; Re p>0]

13. : x" "1"(ax) cynEievenra"?

-v-n/2 cov-nlap
n 2V¥ap|

rier KoFt).. ( =a)" crell2(pea)

(Qv+1), aaah anh an

[Re v<-n; Re p>0]
434 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(24) Navy,
PFCvtntl/ 2) ty} 7
v+n-1/2
14. x L} (ax) ven+1/2 Con Ji- Pp
i et er

(Re v>-n-1/2; Re p>0]

vtntl/2,v
(2n+1)!(v+1),, T(vt+tn+3/2)
15. x 1b,nae) eX
vtne+l
nV(2v+1),,,P Yp-a

(Re v>-n-3/2; Re p>0]

Ceri ever t) Cant -22)

Vv
16. x PT tax)
2ve+n+l n p
[Re v>-(n+1)/2; Re p>0]

(ai) 72)
Li x
n+1,1/2
L, (ax) lye
n+2
n
E 2a
]
[Re p>0]

qn DY DB !
18. hn an (anyI
ua
FC ivoanyp
n!
poe
P pta
van
x
[Re p>0]

Coayo
19. x" L* (ax’) IP'(w+2n+1) X
nipttetS

~n,-v-n;-p?/(4a)
XP,
—p/2-n, (1-p)/2-n
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

(v+l) P(2v+1) (4a)"

20. x*L’ (ax’)
2v+2n+1 x

xen SV5i-1/2
2 pee
2

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 435

(v+1) ,P(2v+1) (4a)"

21. cig (i(ax?)
BN +2 Ue 2 x
D
2
—v-n-3/2 ps
x L, [-
4 ;|
[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

(v+Tl) PCp+l)
22. x"L*(ax’”) —____—*______x
~ niph*) m

x F [-n.dcmn+Dive1e 4)
m+l1 tit
Pp
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

v
(v+1) n
P(p+l)
23. x"L’(avx) See
“i nip'**
-n/2, (1-n)/2, p+1;a2p '/4
9234) /2 9/241,
+1) (2
(v+2) T(p+3/2)a
n-1
= +3/2 x
(n-1)!p"
(1-n) /2,, 1-n/2., p+3/2;a2p~'/4
33
3/2,v/2+1, (v+3) /2
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

24. x*L*(ax’) u(r)

[Re p>-1; 7,Re p>0]

3.24.2. L¥ (ax) and the power function

ae Cet vray
jF2(-13- Bvt 15-ap)
p+
n!p
(Re p>n-1; Re p>0)
436 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Ea ie ele
Zs re ies (<] ee O,,,(2V ap)
bg nivp
[Re p>0]

3 ny -2n-1 (a (1) seyinaes (2Vap)

adeies x n! (2n+1) 2n+1
[Re p>0]

2n,-n-1/2{a (-1) 4 n+1/2

Atmel (<} meee [ees2(@0) +
n

get / 2(va
ap)|

[Re p>0]

tees
(Yap)+
iy * n!2
ol

+ Yi g(¥a
:
[Re p>0]

3/2 n+1/2
n-1/2,-2n-1{_ a (-1)"n a 2 so
Se [-2) n!2 ERE a

* iy /2
ap) |
[Re p>0]

T¢p+l) (vr) Bea

=
_ *
z< =
n!p n+l
NN t 1” m+ 2
| Sas
& v+1,A(m,-p)

__a"T(p-mnt1)
nlpes tees x

—n,—v—-n,A (m-mn+1)
ames m+2 0

{Re w>mn-1; Re p>0]

 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 437

3.24.3. LY (ax) and the exponential function

1 near’ pv 2) gat tals? (uel Py, x

ets oe fakes Fd ipPSE 2 oo es n

(u+1)/2, (ut1) /2-v;a|p?/4

441 42. (u+1)/2-v-n

eestor tales
ni2a n

p/2+1 yn /2-v+l;a 'p?/4

"13/2, w/2-v-nt1
[Re >-1; Re a>0]

Sn cpeuaatlay iz
2 xett 2 *(ax”) : = Tw+ntl) x

xP oi (=), (2)
-n-v-1 Va n va

(Re v>-1; Re a>0]

(v+1)
Sct% nasied (avx) ay beet) x
nip”
Ege cn Si |
3 3 ¥
1/2,(v+1) /2,v/2+1 3a7/ (4p)

Lee raaled
a(v+2)
n 3

p+3/2, (v+n)/2+1, (v+n+3)/2

3 313 /2,v/2+1, (+3)/2;a7/ (4p)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]
438 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

VID oe 07D k
nye)
4. x’ exp(-ax aE ) xX EFTVThd
egos ho 2-1, 8
es ono T el S| x
(20)
l A(l,-p) ’ Atk r) aii
Vv U/k l
x Lax ) x [5]
A(k,0) ,A(k,-v)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0 for /<k; Rea>O for bk,
Re(pt+a)>0 for /=k]

(v+l1) - v+n+l1;ap
Sx Rated ae(<) gee eee aR
—p,v+l
(ut+v+2) uy : (n= 1)
a a 1 one x

sien . ”)
xP, ut2, w+v+2
[Re a,Re p>0]

v/2+n
é sey emir’ fel (S122 K ,(2Vap)
nia”
[Re a,Re p>0]

iy
Pace eee pgllltihi
PESies
+1/2
eee te
k
7. x'exp(-ax) X CESTVTE=1,1
(2n)
591 Cael (3) <
pee Uk
1JAC,-p) ,AG,D,Av+)
x L (ax ) x (:)
A(k,n+v+1)
(Re a,Re p>0]

3.24.4. L* (ax) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: u(z)= F(a, A(m,p+1); v+1; z),

v(z) = 1 F ny 6 v+1, A(m,—); z)

sinh bx
1. L. v (ax) 1
Pee ea (v,-v-n)
Beis - 2a F
cosh bx} ” : 2[p-5 2 fee523 aj
298] (v,-v-n)
a8 p+b re (12a)
[Re p>|Re 5|]
 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 439

i sinh bx n
a Fier ) [owen 6
2X fren
cosh bx
Te ae f © poe 5 z

F (prbyie
x
x poben-l pn) (1 4 Bipsed *)]
n \ a

[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re |)

ms sinh bx %
30% L (ax)
P(ptnt1)f (p-a-b)" _
n!2 vtn+l Se
cosh bx (p-b)
: (p-a+b)"
(p+b) vent 1

[Re v>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re 5|]

sinh bx . (yt Trev

+l) 72) n
4. aa n a x
L (ax)
cosh bx
2 wi Lely (4)
x [ew erne x

Ke eh > feast oe

z Geena x

eal > 2pe2b))

n a

(Re v>-2¥1; Re p>|Re 5|]

sinh bx nT (-v-n) 1/2 vtn/ 2 x

5 S|
jroo (-1) ae, cree,a (p-b)
cosh bx
xo" p+a-b S (pea "!?
2Va(p—b)

: own ptatb
" |2Va(ptb)
[Re v<(1+1)/2-n; Re p>|Re 5|]
440 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

5 ein sinh bx : 2s abide U2 OP apr an PY

, cosh bx nt2(2v+l),,

x LY(ax) x [e-9ogt?| 1- 54)

=a —v-n-1/2 ,v+1/2 a
¥ (p+b) C3, (|1- >)

[Re v>-n-1¥1/2; Re p>|Re 6|]

bs pint? sinh bx 3 Se PU is

cosh bx nl2(2v+l) ony

v (p-b)
aT v+1/2 (|ie
Ce 55) #
XL, (ax)
v¥p-a-b

=<‘Cprbyog
S ee omar |
¥p-atd 2n+1 ee

[Re v>-n-2+1/2; Re p>|Re 5})

2v+n
sinh bx (wer).
x " T(2v+1) [/-b) —2v-n-za,
8. x
ae J 2 a

v v+1/2 Lames -2v-n-1

x L, (ax) xc, (1=357]+ (p+b) x

xcv+1/2 [ =|
2a

[Re v>-(3+1+2n)/4; Re p>}Re 6|)

sinh bx +1) 7
9, xt L” (ax"") Ea
OE MELE (p-6)#1 ("4_) 5
cosh bx} ” nt2 : ; ip=b)* ig
m

= (ptb) o(-* 2)
(p+b)™

[Re p>—(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re |]

 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 441

sinh bx (vt1) P(p+l) m

10. “| jra(2 ay [oo tofal O52] )?
m

= (ptb) ly [<Fae
[Re p>mn-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re b|]

3.24.5. Lax") and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.24.4

(sin bx v 1
i 1 (v,-v-n) 2a 5B
1. 1 ton 4 flekrs
5 - (1Bryer 5|F

z L. ae fie 2a }]
DaLD 2
(Re p>|Im }])

sin bx n i Ne
2: “| |e errgecta {fw Ci hb
cos bx 1
eae |e% ape i °)x

= (pepper
x ae [fia Apad i *)

[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im 5)

3. |
sin bx joes Pivtatt ) (p'+b?) (venel)/2
-

Z 2 #5 bee
x [(p-a) +b") ‘as (va-givrn+b]}

[p=arg(p-ib), ip-arg(p-a-ib); Re v>-(3+1)/2;

Re p>|Im |)
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(vt ED) 5 P((v+1)/2)

TapaGuierle (4) Fe
x et ee x

Reet 3 2p+2ib) z

+ (p-ib) —(v+1)/2-n x

font “cats 3)
-v/2-n(,

[Re v>-2¥1;
_ 2p-2ib

Re p>|Im 5]]

e=" ECs —n) aaHo+i)?

crn ptatib a (p-ib) vt+n/ 2

2Va(pt+ib)

“oun Danity

" \2Va(p-ib)
(Re v<(1+1)/2-n; Re p>|Im 5|]

sin bx (Qn)! (v+1) , T(vt+n+1/2) i

ea isa: (ax) nt2(2v+1), x
cos bx 1
—v-n-1/2 ral
x [«+ib) 2n

¥ (p-ib)~v-n-1/2 aaa
i iz

[Re v>-n-1¥1/2; Re p>|Im 5]]

7. yvrnel /2
sin bx
iean)
(2n+1)! (v+1) EP(vtn+3/2) i
Masite x
cos bx 1
(p+ib)
ee
I qvtl/2
2n+1
1- —4
pt+ib
)#
(p+b)_ v+1/2 | ee:
= Yp-a-ib 20 I D=1 b

[Re v>-n-2¥1/2; Re p>|Im 6|]}

 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 443

sin bx (v+1) i
8. am , |rxen “trav {for x
cos bx 1

xo 225 ¥ (p-ib) "|

cor" (1dan]
v+1/2 2a

[Re v>-(3+1+2n)/4; Re p>|Im 5|]

sin bx (vl Che Lye

9. x" fries” ata \.
cos bx i f
mi

x [eri) tu[—* 2] =
(p+ib) m

F (p-ib) Yu (4)
(p-ib)
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im d]]

sin bx (vl) Cuel )(t

pe via n .
ae cos
hsae
bx, x
tr 1
\.
py —p-l _ptib 3
xX | (p+ib) via = ¥

: m

= (p-iby
*ly[«— )
[Re p>:mn-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im b|]

3.24.6. Ly(ax) and the Bessel functions

if3s n
Pe 2b)°' “PC (vt1) /2) (p-atb)
1. x77 v/2 (bx)
L*
n (ax) Cee
Rp eb ehh gy VA! 2
x

(v,-n-(v+1)/2) i 2ab
xP
n (p-a) (p-atb)
[Re v>-1; Re(p-b)>0)
444 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2. x2 J (vx) LY (ax) (3) “e522 & exo (+45) 5 abe

1 Oox% n patie pjon 4ap-4p"

[Re v>-1; Rep>0; |arg 6|<n]

Pe aie [xsion] ef‘Tivtntl) ..so #8

4) yalee
ise
1,,(0Vz) n 2 See
nn! p Ere (n-k)

n-k+1/2,k+1/2
xP (1-24)"4
vt+k+1 P
; 2
Xl, ee EBT:
4pa-2p
[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]}

3.24.7. Products of Ee(axeS) and the power function

1. L,(ax)L, (bx) (p-a-b (a+b) se

)" p n ( ?~p(p-a- )
n n pr

[Re p>0]

2,aact
L_(-ax)L_(ax)
n
1p
pin
(;_24-
2
[Re p>0]

a ath min (m,n) ye 2k

3. L,,(ax)L, (ax) {p-a) (7)(i)& 3]

a

{Re p>0]

_4_)) +m] [vtn

4. xi" (ax)L* (bx) p* fe I" |rosnx

XF, A+1,-m,-n;p+1,v+1; > 5)

[Re A>-1; Re p>0]
 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 445

5. bs Be(ax)L (bx)
I (v+m+1) (p-a)" (p-b)"
m+n+v+1
m!p
(v,-m-n—v-1) ( 2ab &
xP, ( Go|
ofivemt1)
(aba (p-b)"
! m+n+v+1
m:p

(m-n,-m-n—v-1) [, __ (p-a) (p-b)) _

x P (: 2ab

_T(v+m+1) (p-b)""" (p-a-b) "5,

ia a

ad
: 2
(v,m-n) —(at+b) p+2ab

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

(v+1),
6. xtLt (ax) Li(bx)
(nt)?
+1 Ae
x AF (4p beets) }
B h=0

[A-=4abh(1-h)?, B=p+(a+b)h(1-h)'; Re p>-1;

Re p>0]

Pi2vebTivent)) F (Sey e Mies

peg HIP FD)
WV v
Tees L (ax) L, (bx) t 2v+1
n!p
1 4t8 mA well p?+(at+b) p+2ab
2 2p ntk p(p-a-b)
[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

Vou: Vv T(vtntl)Se)
Seas ,(v,0) i 2a
8. x L,(-ax)L, (ax) ah oe. n p?

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

by v,_p m2, 7 m/2. [Oey ae x

9. x L (-ax LA ax ) p+
-n,v+nt+1,A(m,pt+l)
Mees m+2 f ‘t
(v4) /2, v/2+1 -a?m"p ss z

[Re »>-1; Re p>0]

 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(1)
Cay
"a?" P(p-mn+1)
Aor a
y
-n,n+v/2,-n-v/2,-n-(v+1)/2,
x m+4 1
—2n-v;
A(m, w-mn+1)
4m”"p ey

[Re p>mn-1; Re p>0]

3.24.8. Lig (y) and various functions

1.L
tx pools]
—IeXp
P
{y>0]
te"

[x] ,v 2
de i Se 'exp(-225]
ashy"
1k, Lig”
p
P a =e
[y>0; Re p>In|a|}

ait! Vv
Pee a(en)\ ifaeiay
3. Ixlev “tx py \ay)\ epee
[Re v,y>0; Re p>in|a|]

[x] ee Peep NW2 _

44 =e LY) T(v+1) — (S] exp(ae yx
bur Bria [x]

xsd aye ”)
[Re v>-1; y>0]

(p)
[x] tale l-e ?
5 Gs) See
L,(y)
[x] (geno [niet 22
a-e?
[Re v>-1; y>0; Re p>In|a|]

-p py v/2
6 (1/2) (44 [x] ,v 0) l-e _ 2 -2p,-1/2( 2e
(l-ave
hea ee 2[x] “) (2s x

xexp|—22— Jty2(—22- ]
a-e? e?-a
[Re v>-1; y>0; Re p>In|a|]
 THE LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS 447

Be [x] ee ly)
7. aby Lis 2 Si pl-e
ae ea oe
(izae?) ae Gave = Py

[Re p>In|a|]

fx) a ie 2 J
8. 3 7 ae "(y) lt P (ae P_yy"exp(ae *)

git! [x]+v set -P.,Vv -p

9. ix7t on (y) P exp(ae )L (y-ae )

Caer Ix], fee (-a@el io “HH yeus)

[x]! p Cae. oh n y a

ae "(y) [Re p>in|a|]

Il. a
[x], Li)
v-[x] (y)
L-e ?
——__— (l-Fde
-p.vexp aaye
-p =)

[Re p>In|a|]

12 6(n+1-x)a!*! ¥ le (+ae)"Z)| ay
: na lat Cth, (ver Ip a Oia
v
x L140)

atx l-e ( “Py n/2 py l-aye ?

13. Ota bed Areeam my Io es n!p hi 5
atx] 24 -ae
N=—Z 1X

Xbiy
=D | -p
14.a™7 ww, @ ce oy a)
bd Ux] p(l-ae ?) l-e'/a l-ae
(Re p>In|a|]

-p p v/2
x]! [x] awe e
15. : eX rivep—tae—_| ) x
(vtd) iy p (l-ae ey oye
=f
v v yz J: 2 ayze
Xb ML @ x exp (2 |ier!
[Re v>-1; Re p>In|a|]
448 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.25. THE HERMITE POLYNOMIALS H,@

3.25.1. H (ax’’) and the power function

[n/2}
a0
Notation: u, (p)
_ni(2a)"
= n+pt+l
y P(p+n-2k+1)|_p”_|*_
» k!(n-2k)
k

!
p k=0 |
4a
2 +

-n/2,(1-n)/2; ee
Uize)e T(pt+n+1) oF,
n+p+l
p —(n+p)/2, -n-p)/2

(iev/-2)) € 2
wc 1)) n! (2a) V(e/2+p+1) ie e),.. b= 5
u, (Pp) Inf 2iip ee F 2)HrD Leta =

Cee 2a
«fab 43 7 eee é
5) HD gh Aart 35 (3-2
oh [wrtmeginrSgtt— p®)
2a] i=
quan’?

2D) Se cee ELD crwi2ei(a_)

2 as n+l n 4
Cpt/2 Wi
Veayy ae vp

u,(p) = CH [e+ T(p-e+l) x

lo

-[n/2]; a’p”/4
xP,
e+1/2,(1-p)/2,e-p/2

u,(p) = 1) 219 eet : 1 Tlic Q41 Xx

4 2 [n/2] 2

n le 2
x ¥,(-[3 e+ 9Sy I od |

Be
e {n/2] (-[n/2]) i
Sip _(-1
A,
)e
{n/2}
n! (2a) 6
SR j
he
[n/2iipre/2eett by GF zy fT Peerdniswen (2)
e=n-2[n/2]
 THE HERMITE POLYNOMIALS 449

fs Hi (ax)
[n/2} n! (2a)"
(-1) n+1 x
Pe
eel p
CL =
[n/2] re 2
[Re p>0]}

ph
x'H 64x) u, (p)
[Re p>2[n/2]-n-1; Re p>0]

Zn 20) 2 net
n (2n+1)!2 a
: xH, (ax)
+1 (-1) 2n+3
Pp

Yd n
4a
2
2

[Re p>0]

¥n(2n+1)!a(a?-p
! n+3/2
n:p
(Re p>0]

u,(P)
[Re p>[n/2]-n/2-1; Re p>0]

2(n-1)! a
n/2 a;
p ¥p
[Re p>0]

nivn a
= x
(n-1
yf 7H (avx) (n+1)/2 on =
Pp Vp.
[Re p>0]

n! a
8. x4 (avx) thes

[Re p>0]

-1/2 ¥u(2n)!(a*-p)"
x H,,(aVx) nl pet

[Re p>0}
450 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

v2 ¥n(p-a’)Denies, |p
n-1/2 JA, | 2
Me a Ce~a¥x) + p-a
2 Pp
ataH (b+avx)] [Re p>0]

Peis ltr Time /2+ #1),

11. x'H tax) piveatp me/2+p+1

X mat" |
F,|-|2|,A|mj>+p+1
Ae m7 E
elmnas
Jay ae
{e=n-2[n/2]; Re w>m[n/2]-mn/2-1; Re p>0]

12.5x" H,(ax) v(r)

(Re p>2r[n/2]-rn-1; r,Re p>0]

1338% p 1, {4}
a u,(p)

[Re p>n-1; Re p>0)

14. x B (|
Less u,(p)

[Re p>n/2-1; Re p>0]

15. x"H = v(-r)

x
{Re p>rn-1; r,Re p>0]

3.25.2. H ax" !*) and the exponential function

wens 2 In/ 2" —! &—p ptet+]

Notation: v, 1 (p) = (-1) SSasse
p+il 2 (n/2]
r x

: pee cue _ (piv 2 eeu " x

1/2, (p-n) /2+1 a +2 [n/2]

r( A ) s p/2+1, (u+3)/2;a"*p?/4
4m)? 21372, dna
 THE HERMITE POLYNOMIALS 451

v,(p) = e156) 2 gip tl [es T(p-e+l) x

[n/2]

n-{n/2]+1/2;-a2p?/4 *. (-1) /2 gil etl (2541) x

3
e+1/2, (1-p)/2,e-p/2 ({n/2)

(n+p) /2+1;-a7p*/4
x |F, |- (=p /21 Be wl

1/2, (u+3)/2,p/2+1

7,(2+5+3] a) rea (u+n+3) /2;-a7p*/4

[n/2] M313 /9-(u+3)/2, 0/242)

e=n-2[n/2]

2 2

1. xtet ~ H, (ax) v, (p)

[Re p>2[n/2]-n-1; |arg a|<n/4]

2 4 Hae
2. te? ’*H (aVx) (1) Sacra
eg Pe
Gas
2 in
x
(n+e+1)/4, (nt+e+3)/4,
xr (ur§+1] F, 1/2,3/4,e+1/4;
ut+e/4+1 ae ee
[n/2]

a‘p '/4
|-«o pitter 6/4

x [e+3]
3
2) tn/2) sit
(nt+e+3)/4, (nt+et+5)/4,

: ‘aie es
p+ (e+6)/4
per
{e=n-2[n/2]; Re w>[n/2]/2-n/4; Re p>0]
452. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

yng (ntl /2 wei s/2 2k! ("J

3x exp(—a’x'/*) *< oe ae l »/ 2-1 a 1 ~ k+l,2k
+

A(l,-p) , Atk, ie
x AC ax
1/ (2k)
)
(A) A(k,0) ,A(k, 1/2)

{Re p>-1; Re p>O for ik; |arga|<n/4 for bk,

Re (p+a’)>0 for /=k)}

v, (p)

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

(-1) {n/2] Gp ee [+4] x

{n/2]

n-[n/2]+1/2:a"p
xr (u-$+1}, F, ~
e+1/2,e/2-p

x (<1)
2) 2a (e53u] y
n/2)}

<r (g-u-i) y,
ss p+ (n+3) /2:a°p

u+3/2,n+2
[e=n-2[n/2]; Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

z
Ps, x ne)/2-a hes ape ) /2,-2aV p
x

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]

gp imriy/2 writs? 0.2k+1 (45)

7. xYexp(-a2x ly x
On 2 een 2k+1,k a2

(2)' A(l,-p) ,A(k,1/2),A(k,1)

xH tax") x —

P) Atk, (n+1) /2)

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n/4]
 THE HERMITE POLYNOMIALS 453

+m/2
3.25.3. H, (ax ) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: see 3.25.1

sinh bx d< [n/2] n

cosh bx
p4
-n-1 p7in/2-1 ps0) dee
x|o-
<teaaiiedi765 We: )#
F (p+b) -n-l pr ln/a-*(- ee ‘)
Lin/2]

[Re p>|Re 5|]

sinh bx 1
2. x" 6 H (ax) 7 lu, (p-b) ¥ u, (p+b))]
cosh bx
[Re p>|Re b|; Re p>2[(n/2]-n-(3+1)/2]

sinh bx
3. x H, . (ax) (-1)"(2n+1)!(2a)2"*!x
cosh bx| 2"*! 2
iepy 23,
-3 pgs (p=b) )z
¥ 4a

F (p+b) -2n- 37
lamle (p+b) -
4a?
[Re p>|Re 5|)}

sinh bx VahOnel) ta ee ale

! (a“+b-p) =
4. fi Hae eX nt2 (p-b) n+3/2~

: (a bp)
(p+b) n+3/2

(Re p>|Re
5|]}

sinh bx 1
Sar x* H (aVx) 7 [u,(p-b) F u,(p+b)]
cosh bx} ”
(Re u>(n/2]-n/2-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re 6|)
454 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

n/2-1 |Sinh bx
6. x H_(avx) (n-1)! [o-0"r, es F
cosh bx
= pee) "7, [ a }]

[Re p>|Re 5|]

x2 Dl sinh bx x nivn —(n+1)/2 a -

> 5) [o-» lis=) +
cosh bx Vp-b

rs prop a )]
XH, (aVx)
Yp+b
[Re p>|Re b|]

5[o- a 'v, |a )#
! * is

vp-b

Feehan “u, ( a }]
Vp+b.
[Re p>|Re b}]}

_1/2{ Simh bx
x (Qn) !v¥n (ae+b—p) he
cosh bx
|uav n!2_ (p-b)
awla
ad 2 -b-p n

x rn

[Re p>|Re
5}]

_ivn ee 2,n+1/2
10 sinh b¥x H, (avx) not? 4) €xXPi7p|*
vxx

11. 7 cosh b¥x H,,(aVx)

x

[Re p>0]
 THE HERMITE POLYNOMIALS 455

F sinh bx P \
2x A A, (<] 7 lu, (p-5) = u,(p+b)]
cosh bx
[Re p>n-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re b|]

. sinh bx y 1
13. x A HT (=) qlu,(p-5) + u,(p+)]
cosh bx x
[Re p>n/2-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re |]

+m/2
3.25.4. H (ax ), the exponential and hyperbolic functions '

Notation: see 3.25.2

ae sinh bx 1
1. xe Hi (ax) 7 lv, (p-4) = vy,(p+b)]
cosh bx
(Re p>2[n/2]-n-(3+1)/2; |arg a|<x/4]

ee ele sinh bx a 1 "4

» BAG 1 hes 73[v,(p-5) + v,(p+b)]
cosh bx x
[Re p>|Re b|; |arg a|<n/4]

3, x HD /2,-a/x 2 2" Ya @-b(n-1)/2,-2aV p= b~

x sinh bx’ #,(4-) x (p+by"" ae. 1/2, 2av p+b

cosh bx vx.
[Re p>|Re 6]; |jarg a|<n/4]

3.25.5. H (ax) and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.25.1

5; Sp eare ne ee ant

cos bx} " ¥ 1

ree
py-n-1,-[n/2]-1f_ (pt+ib) “) —

mn-1 ,~(n/2)-1 (-(p-ib) ‘}

+ (p-ib) {n/2]

[Re p>|Im |]
 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

i
H fu(pt+ib) + uy (p-ib)]
1
(Re p>2[n/2]-n-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im 5|)}

i
ctarensaa”t hx
: 2
x Cenc (pt+ib) )=
n =, As 2

i 2
¥ (p-iby (-{pathy ]
4a
[Re p>|Im 5)

Ym (2n+1) taf (a?-p)?+b7)"/?

ni (p Pee

sing
x
cos @
[o=n arg(a’-p+ib)—(n+3/ 2)arg(p-ib); Re p>|Im 5|)

i
| [u, (ptib) ¥ u,(p-ib)]

[Re p>[n/2]~n/2-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im 5|]}

i
(n-1)! [oi aM — F
1 V¥p+ib.
+ (p+b) Be eT, (+ }]
vp-ib
[Re p>|Im b}}

7, |
sin bx \a,corm i
nivn [oriom??p, a >:
cos bx Al ¥p+ib.
sit Maa | a )]
vp-ib
(Re p>|Im b|)
 THE HERMITE POLYNOMIALS 457

sin bx ! i A =
8. en |a,tors
) - [ox ae v,|—— +
cos bx 1 Vp+ib.
¥ (p-ib) “tu, [ £ )]
[Re p>|Im b|]

(2n)!v¥nf ESF) aed ahRin

itp? 4b 7) Ba

sing
x
cos @
[p=n arg(a’~p+ib)-(n+1/2)arg(p-ib); Re p>|Im 5|]

vn 2, n+1/2 i
EPR TM
sg exp(- 5] x

Hy = 7} |
2d p -a p
[Re p>0]

vn phe g?
11. Sore Wah aa ) exp(- 5]x

<n, [ 24a
ab

p-p
[Re p>0]

F sin bx en i
Zee H (<} oh[u, (ptib) ¥ u, (p-ib)]
cos bx} "\*
[Re p>n-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im 6}]

: sin bx - i
13. x H (4) A ae + u,(p-ib)
cos bx} "\Vx. 1
(Re p>n/2-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im |)
458 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

+m/2
3.25.6. H lax ), the exponential and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.25.2

ae sin bx 1 i
1. xe H_ (ax) [v, (p+ib) ¥ v,(p-ib)]
cos bx} ” 2 1 A ;
[Re p>2[n/2j-n-(3+1)/2; |arg a|<n/4]

aeere sin bx 2 if?

DeeXBe Hi,i 5} [v,(p+ib) + v,(p-ib)]
cos bx x 1
[Re p>|Im 6]; |arg a|<n/4)

2
3. xt) /2,-a Ixy 7!"Yap 2b D/4,

sin bx | siny
x A,{2} xexp{-a 2d p?+b?+p)|
cos bx vx cos¥

[y-2"'n-1)arg(p-iby+220d Dp ae b ; -p) A
Re p>|Im 6|; |arg a|<n/4]

3.25.7. Products of H (avx) and the power function

1. H_,,(aVx)H (ax) >

2"n!(n+1)!v¥na
Sve ee es

Pp
n af
(2k+1)!! pr-a
ONT GEST n eT p
[Re p>0]

[m/2]+[n/2]
2. x"H (aVx)H, (bVx) =» POisee1)
[a/2)lingepia: os
x m\n! (ab) 'F, (-[5]- [3|smte+l;
2 2
1 Oe to
yey am om ”D ]

[m+n is even; e=n-2[n/2]; Re p>2[n/2]}-n-1;

Re p>0]
 THE HERMITE POLYNOMIALS . 459

(-1) [m/2]+[n/2]
3. ocEy *H_ (aVx)H, (OV) Vx (ab)* (m+n)!
x

i Ne
et ee eel tit2
oT ip a
Pen

nll) E}4
D( path")
Cp<a" Yip =b7)
[m+n is even; e=n-2[n/2]; Re p>0]

4. x -1/2
°"H,, (aVx)H,, (bvx) ep™"2mn) !(2n) Watpaa-
m+n+1/2
yo x
(m+n) !p

x @-b | ab |

A tpea’) (p=b2)
[Re p>0]

5 tition 2m+1 tae

x) HAYx) (a1) ™*"*! (am+1) | Qnty IVa,
2n+1 (m+n+1)!

Denes 2 2 m+
172
Cp=Qm) Cp=b~)
x Falls [a2 x

-—m-n-l ab
x C, n+l | 5) 5) |
rey yCp=8>)
{Re p>0}

2" nivn (a°+b?-p)

6. x /7H (aVx)H, (bv) (n+1)/2
n/2
x
Pp

ab

p(a +b -p)
[Re p>0]

v)
n_, nni/2] 70 a
1. x? (iaVx)H, (avx) 2 nile ryLe (+)
[Re p>0]
460 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

min ( m,n)
een [H (b+aVx)H, (d+c¥x) 4 Vinee y (7)(i)
kx
‘(Year
k=0

k
% (p-gry mr /2¢,_ ayneha(a) x
oe H,,(b-aVx)H,(d-c¥x)]

x Hiek

[Re p>0]
Peale
3.25.8. Ante ne (y) and various functions

a (x]
Les"
[x] ! A ign p exp(2aye ’-a e)H (y-ae”)

qi*!} Sed ek 2
l ; (1+4ae ”) ee |x

{2
jeael
Tz] Aan
eP’+ha

pate AEAsete
l+4ae ”
[Re p>In|2a|]

q2!*)
tere 2 -p -p/2
“PC
2, 2 exp(-a’e “)cosh(2aye ~~)

qg2l*) 2

4. VAGIESe ! Ayi4 ya é sinh Flerf(y+ae” a) -

~ erf(y-ae?!))

q2!*)

Pi) eI ESER: Ay ig41 2or (2) exp(-a’e”)sinh(2aye ”’)

n
[x] -p “)nl =eD =) A, [»+ $3
ep
6. 8(n+1—-x) a"—, Jy) (ae
"|
 THE GEGENBAUER POLYNOMIALS 461

3.25.9. Products of H bd) (y) and various functions

[x] iw
1. Tat ia Ata (z) l-e
; Aare
2 -2p,-1/2
pie
eo 4ayze”?-4a*(y*+z7)
eth
[Re p>in|
2a]}

2. Binti-x)| mT) Jal! ix x Ise

Se sf
ae2-2 yn,
nl2, +ze?
|See
[x] aoe t!
yj OF @

3.26. THE GEGENBAUER POLYNOMIALS Cy)

3.26.1. Oaxs 4} and the power function

Condition: v+0

LAV m/?. a (v) il (n+1)

i. x'C, (ax ) (1) ry So x

—n, n+v, A(m,p+1)

x F
m+2 1 1/2; map

[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

LAV m/2 ste (v) n+1 I (pt+m/2+1)

:
24 x Cy, (aX ) (-1) niphem/2el x

—n, n+v+l, A(m,p+m/2+1)

m+2> 1 3/2; Ma pat

[Re p>-m/2-1; Re p>0]

(-1)"¥a(y) a?" 2n-v

3. ae Fe (a¥x) f= COs ee [?+
v¥x 7" p a
[Re p>0]
462 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2n+1
(-1) "v¥a(v) n+1
a -2n-v-1{_ Pp
Vv
4. Cone GY) SOT? L,, =

[Re p>0]

2n
-n-v Av -m/2 (2a) T(l-v)
5. x C5 (O% ) ie-2aes
(2n)!p
-n/2, 1/2-n, A(m,1-2n-v)
m+2 1 1-2n-v; ma lip:

[Re v<1-2n; Re p>0]

n
3 Praia VERY, (2a) Pues) x
(2n+1)!p
: Saye -n, -1/2-n, A(m,-2n-v)
X Cony OX ) X mer 2 yl aad Nig)
-2n-v; mada
[Re v<-2n; Re p>0]

a r(i-v)
7. x om bea (On) tp! -n-v H,,(aVp)

[Re v<1-2n; Re p>0]

—n-v-1/2v a r(l-v)
So xcs ee 2n+1 =
em
—-+
Onelilp aoe 2n+1
fay)
[Re v<-2n; Re p>0]

3.26.2. CoM (x)) and algebraic functions

Condition: v~0-

LAV eS m
(2v) Ppt) 3 —n, n+2v, A(m,pt+l)
Ik S: Cd ax ) pti
n!p m2} v+1/2; map /2

[Re »>-1; Re p>0]

 THE GEGENBAUER POLYNOMIALS 463

(2v) Pdv+l/2) a)"

2. Pa ennl-ax) Leen 2
n'p [3] +
-[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

v-1/2
3. | 3x
+ a

x C’(1-ax) [Re v>-1/2]

m
Wes nT (p-mn+1) x
4. x*Co(1-ax- ) po-mn+l

-n, 1/2-v-n, A(m,p-—mn+1)

m+2 1
1-2v-2n; 2m" a ak
[Re p>mn-1,; Re p>0]

: 2n
n(¥),PCl-2n-2v)2 wi?
—n-2v Vv a
5. x c31- 4) (-1) l-n-2v
(—ap)
Pp

[Re v<1/2-n; Re p>0]

—-n,1/2-n-v,
A(m, pt+1)
(v), Pet) mn
teotetLl Or nez 1 v+1/2 : mide po
n!p

[Re »>-1; Re p>0}

(2v) ,P(v+1/2) LY
oe -ap)
n+v+1/2

[Re p>-1/2; Re p>0]

(ZV), 2n
lent) —n, n+v, A(m,pt+l1)
p+l med 1 mo o=m
(2n)!p v+1/2; ap

[Re »>-1; Re p>0]

464 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(29) 54, see GW)

(Qn+1)tp**!
—n,n+v+1,A(m,
p+1)
pede m+2 i 1 v+1/2: map = m

[Re p>-1; Re p>0)

ss n

10. x” 7c. (WT=ax) CQnvtn ae? n a

(Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

SY
Nan Dee A
n+v+1/2
al
n
(-2
(2n+1)!p
[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

(2v) EMV 2)
x
(2n) ip’ 1/2

-n, 1/2-n, A(m,v+1/2)

x
m+2 1 v+1/2; map”

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

(2995 evel / 2)
ise x One Pye ee
x
x Cea ¥

-n, -1/2-n, A(m,v+1/2)

xc,2n+1 ae Meee
m+2 1 v+1/2; map”
dea
[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

n
(2v),,P(vt+1/2)a i Pp
Ginkle pe ttl? 2nl4a

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]}

 THE GEGENBAUER POLYNOMIALS 465

- ue: (2v)
Bint Vashi
Five
8 ee 2yeke'ey
Oey 2
152 2 x x Zine Aver antllaa
Se (eax) x (2n+1)!2 Pp

{Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

|
lax

[@
a"
(v) n P(v-mn/24+1)
16 Hov| x
ster
+a | Lip ee x

2 !

Hi v, AQm,p-—mn/2+1)
m+2> 1 mo -l_o-m
l-v-n; Malay

[Re p>mn/2-1; Re p>0]

=n/2-v (a xta (hy “Tal v) ae

WAS eee 7 i, ea Oe (-ap)
2Vax a p
[Re v<l-n; Re p>0]

2n
18. oe
oo es
) ass (-yy" 212
! Pitwv)
= yp
he aD

(2n)!p
(Re v<1-2n;, Re p>0]

-n-v-1/2 2n+1
19. x Ny eats
= TNS)
JES pejie 1/2 ap)
V¥Vx+a (2n+1)!a’

Ae ral |5) (Re v<-2n;, Re p>0]

3.26.3. CWE) and the exponential function

Condition: v0

1.. (1- € Ss a dat (Sspra =a FE!

( Qn ) !
J2 ;
Ble 2ne 8
DD

mate? [Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

466 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

et ne(18)
2n
2 -1/2 ie ipo © _/p
eo
2. We), x

xB[v+2n+5, 152)

[Re v>-1/2; Re p>-1]

C2V) ay v+1/2, p/2-n D

-
eine -1/2
1/ x yROR DTT r vt+5
5 @=
: v+(p+1)/2 n
Vv x
[Re v>-1/2; Re p>n]
x C5,(€ )

(2975 v+1/2, (p-2n-1)/2 [v+ $1]

; (d-eoy x
ROQnaye vps? "

(Re v>-1/2; Re p>n]

(2v),, 1 v+1/2, p
-x,v-1/2
xX.vV x
oe (1 —emm) ors : [»-o+5] n r |ptv+n+1/2
xcrd =e) [Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

aes (2v), ( a v+1/2, p-n

-x,v-1/2
Beas x
b Glee *) -1)° —— ]2v+p
nt n pt+v+1/2
v x.
XC, (-2e ) (Re v>-1/2; Re p>0]

sted vt+1/2, p pire nati a )

" |ptv+n+1/2| " ae
[a,Re v>-1/2; Re p>0)

(-1)
, (V~Pt1/2) aT
1-2v, p
n! Gvnaly/2 aa
p-2v-n+1
[Re v<1/2-n; Re p>0]

Yu 1) fp
n W) nat [»-e+3] : : ees

[Re p>0]
 THE GEGENBAUER POLYNOMIALS 467

Et 2n n
Te
[Re p>0]

a4 at)
if. (ler) eee Bip)
v| 2-e.” fj
x C. [Re v<l-n; Re p>0]
Q4le<es

(ptv-n/2)
12.' d-e *) ea ox 7 "Bl av+nyp- 2
i)
xE [cosh 4 (Re v>0; Re p>n/2]

3.26.4. CiBey and various functions

Condition: v~0

[rae Cy) (1-2aye ?+a’e”?)

=. a = rs =

{Re p>In|a|]

2. a [x]
aay % (y) [ee S ohare or : aye” )
®,(y, Vv; BP, ay_e

[y,-ved y= 1; Re p>injay,|]

(x] 3 1
3. Oy) ei” r{-g]*=
-of7. 2
KI, wt S IY )

(p)
Ta) e) -
Seal Cry ie daye;ig
) ae &
{ x]
1ey
]
(gma wre Bet
468 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

x [x] Cc4H[x l-e

D
?)-p,-2v
(z—aye “) F,[vory
1h eae) one
w+a,V+93
s. ht? 0%

Ge A) Pal
Spine =piee
Ci @ (z-aye ~) (z-aye ")

ct (cos y)X p eyee

Nee Pee) eae yx
(2) e|
6. tli epee
x F (v.v:2j,—=4ee" “cosy cose |
x Cr 1 (COS z)
1-2ae "cos(y-z)+a-e ~?
2
(Re p>In|a|]

UxV§ (n+1—x) l-e ? -p 2-2pyn/2,

(ORD acces +a’e *)
G=TxT) 1 Claes x
-p
Vv v l-aye
XC xc

3.26.5. Products of C)(f(x))

—n, v, 1/2, A(m,p+1)

x
-m
ore leew 1/2, 29: map
[v40; Re p>-1; Re p>0)

3.27. THE JACOBI POLYNOMIALS P‘*” (2)

3.27.1. Poe(f(x)) and algebraic functions

x “i (Mtl) wm (-n) (utven+1) , hi

Otation: u, 1 (r) = —————
ASE)
:
(u+1) 57!
rari (-2p’ is
 THE JACOBI POLYNOMIALS 469

fe BEEP Ls)alfa, Ba)

2
CA-1)/24p
-x A+1

Q+A+l (A+1)/2, (Q+19./2=v3,

A 5
“ap” /2
xa 3 +
1/2, (A+1)/2-v-n, (A+3)/2+p+n
(utventl) P(At+2u+2n+1) =h- BV
+

(0a) pada Ga ees | ceo 0H 2h. (121)/2=L=n,

a*p?/2 2 CAD S .
- SS EL - F-u-n-1] x
—A/2-p-n :
1)
Darke? A/2+1, A/2-v+l1; ap’ /2
Xa PF, ;
3/2, A/2+p+n+2, 4/2-v-n+1

(A+ut+v+2) 4 a)***!
u,(a) ST Bich Ha-ne (5| x

A-n+l,A+u+v+nt+2;ap/2 (p+1) EL (ict! )

Alan At+pt+v+2 |: Riper 2 ‘

ea utn+l; a
x oF, -A-v, pt+l
,

(atl) P(-p-1) pte! —n-v, ptv+l; ap/2

u (a) =
n! 2 .
pel, 2
2) n+1, -p-v-n; ap/2
aa B(p,-p-v—-n) [2] p oF,
oe sli

oe p
Cutv
nt le) re
1. as-aP\" (2) : — Fy (aon —pw-v—-2n; Zap)
(Zia eep
[a,Re p>0]

=ap
; cx-ay*pie (2) (u+ven+1) T(A+n + Lie .
0 Pee) a maon nh

—n, —pn3 Zap

SQL,
tee -A\-n, -w-v-2n
[Re A>-1; a,Re p>0)
470 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

ayant tntlye 8? j-w-v-2n-l og ,)

3. (x-a) pe [=] Qa pte oF! n
a

[Re p>-1; a@,Re p>0]

n ap
(-1) ['(vtn+l)e Lh 21 (_Qap)-
. 0(x-a) (x+a)” x Cait pate

(nH), (2a) >" eae [ip leisgae/2

xP; n
(p,v)
G “yal Genel)
ie
Warde74 i
[a,Re p>0]

-ap
ero” be eee
RGvev dnt)
: (x-a)"(x+a)” x W—V one 2ap)
VN
nt (2a) phevenet
(p,v)
x Lites
G [Re p>-1; a,Re p>0]

. x? Pay (ax+1) (<1) "P(utnt1) (a)")-n-v-2n-1 (2p

p+n+l 2 n a

[Re w>-1; Re p>0]

n n
xp (ax?) (-1)
acca
n!T(ut+n+1) (a)
2 L,
,-p-2n-1
Pla
[2
x

—Be2n-1f 12.
XL, |?)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

(u+1) PCA+1) —n,ptvtntl,A(m,A+1)

. xt pier, m
io) ax +1)
n A+1 m+2> 1 “4
n!p p+]; -m" ap "/2

(u+vtnt+1) P(Atmn+1) a"

= Sa ee
n A+mn+1
np
En} pon: G1 ape 72

x oF net
—w-v-2n; A(m,-A-mn)
[Re A>-1;. Re p>0]
 THE JACOBI POLYNOMIALS 471

%, oe (ax’ +1) u(r)

(Pe i>-1; Re p>]

10 Pe te
N— pepe [45]

[Re(u+v)<-2n, Re p>0)

mu. x" 'x wu( [a)u(_ [a

Tite RS wreeh[o]$)*/ Pa?
O{, a
{Re u<-2n, Re p>0j
x

(y+1) Pta+l)
12. p'*” [4.1]
wn m ae %
nip
prvtnel; (-19 a ap" /2
—N,

Z mes u+l, Adm, -%)

x *

(-1)"(ptven+1) TP(A-mnt+1) a"

CS a TETR a Same RE ep — acer &
n!2"p* mn+1

—n, -p-n, Aim ad

i, ore a oe
m F ae . tgs a) m

[Re 7>mn-1;, Re p>0)

Oe amatt (- +1]
n y r
u,(-r)

(Re i>rn-1; r,Re pO)

(-1) n
(vy), AAavil p 1, 1-v; * —
—2ap
14. (2a~x)?x
(w+at at F2 l-v-n, p+n+2
(Re po-1; w0)

15. Pale -2a’y? x u,(a)

[Re w>-1; a.Re pv)

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(-1) "C(ptn+1) -00/24( a8)

e
ptntl nt 2

(Re p>-1; a,Re p>0)

T(-v) vtn . 1a
cand ine eee hee =]

[Re p>-1; a,Re p>0)

(At+pt+v+2)
“a ” B(A—n+1,ptnt1) (5)

A-n+l, Atptvtnt2; -ap/2

ae A+w+2, At+pt+v+2
[Re A>n-1; Re p>-1; a>0]

u,(a)

(Re Amn-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

u,(a)

[n2>1; Re(p+v)<-n-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

ead es Cee (ail 2)exy

EWC ee nip

A(l,-A),
amie :
X Gok k l
a p A(k,-n),

Atk,p+1), Ras

A(k,u+v+n+ 1)

fro:
onfe ’ Re A>-L+nl/k
etme)
 THE JACOBI POLYNOMIALS 473

Dy, ears x
SS Peony pea 6 2k ov
dd; MEtT=30T2 Si yas ed tea
1 [ A(L,—A)
Atk, vtnt+1), A(k,-p-n)
x k
a 1 A(k,0), Atk,-B)

[Re A>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

fal 2g gy Sica 8 pie

any tt Dla rp(iyiny Behl ok

1! SUSI ANGE AAO) 5 Bb

p! A(k,-n), A¢(k,u+v+n+1)

(Re A>n//k-1,; Re p>0; larg a|<x]

(ut+l) PCA+1) ap —n, ptv+n+l; ap

24. (x-a)” x
hel bey oo)
n!ip =I, furel

x P| [224]
(uv) {|x+a
[Re A>n-1; a@,Re p>0]

25: x"(x-a)” x e “Pu, (2a)

x pits eS
[Re A>n-1; a@,Re p>0)

26. x (x-a)" eu 424)

x p {hs i
(n>1; Re(u+v)<-n-1; a,Re p>0]

(Atp+v+2) Atpel
27. x"(a-x)"x n!
: B(A-n+1,u+nt+l)a x

A-nt+l, Atutv+n+2; —ap

xr ae]
(piv) |a+ X
Xf o
A+pt+2, Atp+v+2

(Re A>n-1; Re p>-1; a>0]

474 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

PDaie AY al i Ce aaZia S|
1/k. -p-v-n-1 x TG EEEWE =
28.(a+x °)
(2) n!T(ptvt+n+l1)p

apa a-x!!*) - ~ pret | pi [A@-M, A&—p-v—n),

I/k XG kT
ae
anid la" p |ACk,0), A(k-p)
cary

[Re A>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

a ln
, (ut+1) n P(A+1) n
29. x (a-x) X cena ran = oo! eu Hi L995
n!p

(u,v) | at : 1
<P TS er a A(LA+1); pt; ;
a-x ap
[Re A>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<nx]

Mo PA PAT
(-1)" (v+1) n
P(At+2n4+1)
30. x (a +x") x ee x
n!p

oe tye -n, -y-n; -apie | /4

a Ee xP,
a°+x (1-4) /2-n, -A/2-n, v+l
[Re A>-1; Re a,Re p>0)

31. x4 (xta)*(x+2a)" x eu, ee

v2
2
x pe ae [Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]
a

Si2ie2. Ro and various functions

p
1. al*lp ino) gheyp+v Le
(p,v) l-e
Fi (l-ae ?+u) "(1+ae?+u)~”

[Re p>tatayt: wii-2ae "sate ??|

 THE JACOBI POLYNOMIALS 475

(Marl) He alictey -v-n = =e

a [x] Lt?
,(p,v)
asa gee [5) ] D F [urn

-v-2n, 1; ptl, ntl; zie ae

[Re p>In|ay|]

(utv+l1) = (0
[Los l-e -p.-p-v-1 w+vt1
Fil soney SSS larGaEeeemenet?4 (I-+-ae*~) F ‘
(EV 1B) fel p 2 | 2

-p
ae PD ne vel; —24e—_ ya)
5 ae. ?+1)
[Re p>In|ay|]

ras . Rexcti)riv+ (ee la™ x

CTO ees Ben Ga) tea a

x PE (y) ee 5 —I(ae ?¥y=T)1, Qae?¥y+T)

— uP - =

(b) [x] lie

-?p ae
-?p
x ———— [ Tirdls Sse
CoA Ces hee Pew 2 2
(Wal)s

xa pe[xd cy © Gr)
2

(5b)
ee (ee) [x] l-e -p ( ae =P.
x le Wey Gy Wealls “elle SN).
CED): 7 Cee) a) p 4 2

a Pie a wei Sy +1)

i Ie ae
[Re p>In|ay|]

, 8 (n+1-x)
Ca-(x1) 1 O+l) |, :* den
(+t), ol-eD 1+ "(ce
7 2(y+l)] ixX

p
Pe , oA [xD Wy) x Pit p-v-n-1) Ca ia AO a be tse = ay

2e'+atay

a [x]
ra) Sea eae
(n.v-[x) (y)
l-eP = o, ptv+l,
pend
v;b;
& =P
5} (y+1),ae
-p
476 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

a [x]
(u,v [x]) 1- =?
Poon ia nen
° (at+1) Vy [x] iY RCo ryt ae
=D
= o-]

(c) best) lea l—e =P & RPI, aie

10. resnare x D F(« v,ut+v+1;b;ae “, 7 ob]

x ee)

(exa] -p =P.
11. ir l-e ae
ETE SARE
ar 5 exp|_ 5) +] |X
(y+1)]

XP teil) KREG, “Ueda

3.28. THE BERNOULLI Bs EULER E AND NEUMANN O,,(2)

POLYNOMIALS

3.28.1. B ax’), Bix (y) and various functions

* ae n n n-k VT(trn¥rk+p+1)
1. xB (ax ) » (i)42 pa

[Re p>(1¥1)rn/2-1; Re p>0]

[x] =p =1D, ail

2. Fayt
a
Fin or
ae
Saree
ewe
[cotnae5 iy
i
[Re p>In|a/(2n) |]

a [x] l-e -p
-p
3. TRIT Big (y) a BST
eeBt exp(aye -p “)[exp(ae —p*) — 1] =
[Re p>Iin|a/(2n) |]

2 n -p.n i-e
4. 6(n+1 »( 2] x (ae “) Aas 2 a, \y+e-|
e?

[x]
Xa Bi
 THE BERNOULLI AND EULER POLYNOMIALS 477

3.28.2. E,(ax); Evy (y) and various functions

2. & (n+l
1. x"E (ax) mar |k Ja-2k \Eas n-k+}a x
x Pernt rktr+pt)
trntrk+r+pt)

(Re p>(1¥1)r(m+1)/2-1; Re p>0]

1 =D,
—£ _ sech(ae”)
(Re p>In|2a/n}]

p _- - -
se eat
exp(aye Py [exp(ae Py +1)
p

(Re p>In|a/n}]

wee p
Correa [y a

3.28.3. O fax’) and the power function

k
[1/2]
Pe nat rn+r—p-1 y eee ar |
Notation: u(r) = ET xo ki(i-n), ead

nn 71 Mt I Py em[n/ 2] -m(n+1) /2+1) y

1. x"O ax”) n-2[n/2]+1 pt+tm[n/2]-m(n+1)/2+1
a Pp

=(1/2],1,n-[n/2};(-1 days |
<r
3
| A(m,m(n+1) /2-m[n/2] -p)
(Re p>m(n+1)/2-1; Re p>0)}

2. x"O,(ax’) u(r)
(Re p>rn+r-1; Re p>0)
478 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

-2[n/2
3. x0. (ax!) no elt 'P(p=m[n/2)+m(n+1) /2+1) ¥
n-2[n/2]+1 p-m[n/2] +m(nt+1)/2+1
a p

ae n-[n/2], 1,
x m+3° om

A(m, p—-m[n/2] +m(n+1)/2)

2 =m
-4m"a “p
(Re p>m[n/2]-m(n+1)/2-1; Re p>0]

4, x"O (ax ’) u(-r)

[Re p>2r[n/2]-rn-r-1; Re p>0]

3.29. THE BATEMAN FUNCTION k (2)

3.29.1. k (ax) and the power function

2sin(vn/2) 1,2; (a-p)/(2a)

PD eye 2/2
[Re(p+a)>0]

u+l,p+2 re
ue x"k (ax) E Qa x
v/2+1 ’ p—-v/2+2

w+], +2; (a—p)

/(2a)
x oF
p-v/2+2
[Re p>-1; Re(pta)>0]

n-3/2 (-1)"(2n-2) !v¥na qd) p-a

3. xk yy(ax) 2n=3 12 n Peal aa
2 “n! (pta)
(Re(p+a)>0; n=1,2,...]
 THE BATEMAN FUNCTION 479

3329%2: k (ax!*) and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6 -{;s = (k-1) [5+6}
0
pat 2 n=3/2
n-1
e k, (ax ) (-1)
2
CONFI) 45a (2a)a
2 2
Oe pes
AGE {16 |W 03420) /4,(1-20)/4 E4
[Re a,Re p>0}

(n+1)/2 n=1 n-|

qe ev x NGS a"(2) yp x
P ko k

«GEa) (Fe) (oF

{Re p>0; n=1,2,...]

pi lFvr/2pp+rs2 ~p-i
ie exp(tax! )k (ax!) x
(lee era 2)
sin(vn/2))
5 72k,6k+l] [2a k
‘ (- n )Chel. 2k (22)
i ee ||
A(k,0) ,A(k,1)

beuec Re p; |jarg a|<3n/2

Alea 1>k, Re a>0 or /<k,Re p>0

(1¥v)/2 p+ /2 [tae
k
4. xrexp(taxe’ Jk (ax/* s+(l-1)/2
x
‘i (21) r(1¥v/2)
: ) k
y,[-si n(vn/2) oats x
2k+l,k | (2a

ees
A(k,¥v/2)
Re(2kp-ly)
>-2k; |arg a|<3n/2
[reage es a>0
480 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.29.3. k (ae~*!* ) and the exponential function

1. exp(tae*)k (ae *) 1 _Sin(vn/2) rays

r(itv/2) I
1-p,1+v/2
XO, |2a
; Onl

[Re p>0]

a: 8
2. exp(tae”) k (ae*)
1 _Sin(vn/2))
Tr(1itv/2) I

1+v/2,1l+p
<G 2a
j p,0,1
Re(2p-v)>0; |arg a|<3n/2
Re a>0

aelece tempi knee ee (-sincen/2y)’,,

Qa Te x16

x k ae") Hr | ot atsb|\(2a) ©
xD ik,|Chel, 2k4l (74|
A(1,1-p) ,A(k, ltv/2) |
A(k,0) ,A(k,1),A(Z,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

4. (l-e*)"exp(tae”4 x ins wane sinten/2))!

x k, (ae! x eT. me Gok. 2k+! ke)

E71 Pens es (O

A(1,1-p) ,A(k,1) |
A(k,+v/2), A(l,-p-p)
< Re(2kp-lv)>0;_ |arg a|<3n/2
[reatt fe a>0
 THE BATEMAN FUNCTION 481

3.29.4. k (ax) and hyperbolic functions

ares
Notation: u (2) == Bg (1+lpt+2sy
eee 7+ 2.: ?

1 vd tees sin(vn/2) a+b—p) — a-b-p

: y % v(2-v)na |“ol 2a “THOl 2a
cosh bx
[Re(p+a)>|Re b|]}

sinh bx p+l,w+2 -p-1

2. x" k (ax) If ay x
cosh bx} ” v/2+1, w—-v/2+2

« [ele] (F527)]
[Re p>-1; Re(p+a)>|Re 5|]

3.29.5. k (ax) and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.29.4

sin bx : i .
ee a-p-ib)~
“en see VCIEV) ha fol Va +

¥ 49(2-B*#2)
2a

[Re(p+a)>|Im 5|]

sin bx +l, p+2 -p-1fi

2. x! k, (ax) r (2a) x
cos bx} ” v/2+1 , p—v/2+2 1
© Ceara | x u, (oe *)]

[Re p>-1; Re(p+a)>|Im 5)

482 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.29.6. Products of k (ax) and the power function

n-1 m-1 n=1

1 (bx) 4(-1) ab(p-at+b) (p+a-b) x
1. x Kam (Ok a SR Vea
2n

2 2
ee i= ptarb) ;

p -(a-b)

[Re(pt+a+b)>0; m,n=1,2,...]

2 m+n-2 2
2. +k, ank,, (ax) 4a (op) __ Pilea Petey [1A a
m(p+2a) p
[Re(p+2a)>0; m,n=1,2,...]

n OD)
n
OAGad |Sea
3. x B [] an (270 Cy aero
2 re, Alex

(n)
4 FA [mtn Lm pny Doe

2seee)
2a, 2a
n

Pa eh 4vdRI¢*! sin(vn/?2) x
~ k+1/2 pi
v(2n) p

Xktas!! ) ota)2k+1,4k} |k
2k
p
l A(l,-),

A(k,0),
A(k,1+v/2),A(k,1-v/2) |
A(k,1/2), Atk,1),A(k,1)
[Re u>-1; Re p>0; @ is arbitrary for 2k>/
or Rea>0, a70]
 THE LAGUERRE FUNCTION 483

5. x¥k (ax x 4vTkI"*!"* sin(vn/2)

i a! k+1/2 pi
v(2n) p

x k (ax at(2k) 4kel

x Go? ( 2k (4)
é l Ad,-p),

4k+1 ,2k p
A(k,-v/2),

A(k,1) i ee set

A(k,v/2)
[Re p>0; Re a>O or Rea-0, a0 for
Re p>-1-5//(8k)]

3.29.7. Products of k (ae)

-x -Xx sin(vn/2)
1. k_ (ae )k (ae ) ees) ae x

1-p/2,1+v/2,1-v/2
4,1 2

Gs |.0,1/2,1,1,-p/2
[Re p>0]

x. x. sin(va/2)
24 k_ (ae )k (ae ) ay 28S

1+v/2,1-v/2,1+p/2
oss p/2,0,1/2,1,1
[Re p>0]

3.30. THE LAGUERRE FUNCTION L (2)

3.30.1. L (ax) and the power function

Vv

1. L (ax) SEES).
v+l1

[Re p,Re(p-a)
>0]
484 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

2. x4L v (ax) P(yu+l)

(p-a) p+
afi1 (n+t,v+tstig$5)
a-p

(Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-a)>0)

3.30.2. L axe!) and the exponential function

ut], (vt+1)/2,v/2+1
1 xe *T (ax) Pinel) ie, 2-1 %
p* 1/2,1/2,1l;a°p /4

Bove hl) 3
area (e] x
wt3/2,v/2+1, (v+3)/2

Br 3 /223/2 earns
[Re p>0; Re p>-1]

i
2. x exp(-ax
Wk avr i/2pnri/2
)L (ax ") (k+1)/2-1
(21) re es

key!
k,k+l | (a l A(l,—-p) , A(k, -v)
«04 (2el A(k,0) ,A(k,0)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

3.30.3. L (ax) and hyperbolic functions

sinh bx v v
t L (ax) 4) {p-b- a) ba)
(pt
cosh bx} ” (pod) peb)
[Re p,Re(p-a)>|Re 5|]

sinh bx
Dy 5 L (ax) A(p-b) + A(p+b),
cosh bx} ~ e

na
x oF [metwettsgS5)

[Re p>=1; Re p,Re(p-a)>|Re 5|]

 THE COMPLETE ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS 485

3.30.4. L (ax) and trigonometric functions

sin bx cos ©
i: L (ax) [(p—ay?+b7y (p24
5%) FP /2
cos bx sing

@ = — arctan b +(v+1)arctan 2
p-a Pp
[Re p,Re(p-a)>|Im 5|]}

sin bx i
Dane L (ax) [A(p+ib) = A(p-ib)]
cos bx 1
[A(p): see 3.30.3.2; Re p,Re(p-a)>|Im 5|; Re p>-1)

3.31. THE COMPLETE ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS D(z), E(z) AND K(z)

+1/k +1/k +1/k

3.31.1. D(ax” ), E(ax ), K(ax” ) and the power function

1
Notation: 6 =
0
; BT ps Pp
1. Diiavx) be x0 (23M ir2rral2a]
[Re p>0]

: Na p
2. E(iaVx) 2p3/? exo(Pa }" anal?= 5]
[Re p>0]

3. Ktiavx) $5ex(2} ¥o0(23]

[Re p>0]

K p+1/2
4, xs {p
[iax
Qk) ]
l Gor las
=
2(2n) (Ro
‘! Sy bee ae |
It Ke 2k+l , 2k ax

(5)
l
P} 1A(k,O) ,A(k, 5-1)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]
486 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1 pt+1/2
: T(ut+l
5. &Edax! 2) | ar(utl) ,
prt “Akitay! =3)72+k nol ™
k,2k+1+1 |2k
“ Goel , 2k+1 ig

x (5)
l
P) |Aack,1),A(k,0),0
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]}

K
__-l/ Qk) l p+1/2 2k, 2k+l| -2k
6. x" {p [iax ] eG
20 3) 724k uel k+l, 2k aii

«() l l ir auaeeyeoe)
PY |A(k,3/2-6) ,A(k,1/2)
(Re p>-1-//(2k); Re p>0]

wetalle/e2
7. x*EGax !™) ninety)
4 ig were ET MRS &
2p" 4k (2m) pt
ye Gehl ktl [.
2k+1+1,2h+1

l Hd
(5)
l
P) |A(k,1/2), A(k,-1/2),0
[Re p>-1+//(2k); Re p>0]}

E(Vx/a) p+ w+l,pt+d+1
8. (a-x) | i it en
K(Vx/a) wt+3/2 ,4+6+3/2

u+1,u+5+1; ap
oF,
ut3/2 , w+5+3/2
[Re p>-1; a>0]
 THE COMPLETE ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS 487

9. aot} E(Va/x) nT (w+1/2)ap 1/2,1/2+6;ap

+
+
K(Va/x) qiphril {2 ne 1,1/2-p
vacate: ptl,p+d+1,-p-1/2 ;
217° (p+3/2
w+1,p+6+1;ap
2x 24
wt3/2, n+3/2
[Re p>-1; a,Re p>0]

3.31.2. D(f(x)), E(f(x)), K(f(x)) and algebraic functions

E(Vv1-x/a) nota: ptl,pt+d+l

1. @(a-x)x" 5) Tr x
K(V/1-x/a) wt+3/2
, .+6+3/2
u+l,u+6+1
; -ap
x Fy
wt3/2,+6+3/2
[Re p>-1; a>0]

xt E 1 75-1 w+1,u+6+1,—p-1/2
P, 10 x
Vi+ax|K|V1+ax genie u+3/2
wt+1l,p+6+1;p/a x
x
22
w+3/2,p+3/2 2p" +e va
1 1/2,1/2+6;p/a
xr(n+5| F.
IEPA WReyes
{Re p>-1; Re p>0]

1 x I) x ap/2, [ap
3. ial =| 726 K,| 5]

[Re p>0]

(x-a)" -2ap
x-a [3 eX
e
4. K| za) 2a pet r(sp-172)
pall
31
x G3 Dp
uwt+1,1/2,1/2
[Re p>-1; a@,Re p>0)
488 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

= S(x=) ([2=3) 4 K,(vbp+Vap)K,(/Bp-vap)

[b>a>0; Re p>0]

8 (x-a) 1.7 -a% peed

6. x K| x % Kol
[a,Re p>0)

notre) x+a
1 39 N_|
2

{Re p>0]
fetes)
;2(ap 2/a

g, 0(*-5) see 1, (22522]« (22522)

: IM) 2 0

[b>a>0; Re p>0]

if) l
9. 6(a-x)x"x oT
pea 2k,G ’ =
l
Ala eo ne 2k+1,2k| |ap

a ae A(,-p) , A(k, 1/2),A(k, 1/246)

ar K S Elune A(k,0)
,A (k, 8)
[Re p>-1; a>0]

awe i puti/2
10. 6(a-x)x' x SS
ERESy
42a te 2 pte!

{fh () ‘} G02! (: ' A(,~p) ,A(k, 1) ,A(k,1-6)

ss = 2k+1,2k!| lap A(k,1/2), A(k,1/2-6)
[a,Re p>0]

¥ &,pt+1/2
1. x" (tax! 1/2y —— —— one
2 Cz) p.
| 1 | veGuhl a) A(l,-p),

A(k,1/2),A(k,1/2)

A(k,6)
[Re >-1; a>0]
 THE COMPLETE ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS 489

“Uk.-1/2 2x
12.0x" (arr) es
eeee ioe
ee ©
Ber ge aoe ea eee

E 1 Gkrkel | kd EAC,-p),
x
Kip eee x 2k+1 ,2k Cale.
P) |Aack,1/2),
i ee
A(k,1/2)
[Re p>-1-//(2k); Re p>0)}

3.31.3. Dif(e*)), EVf(e*)), K(f(e*)) and the exponential function

1
Notation: 6 =
0

cA F
o 1/2, 3/2,p/2;a”
)
1. Dae’me
“ 2,1+p/2
[O<a<1; Re p>0]

E(ae*) 24).,?
ads te nu
2p plzltp.,
Fa [Fog Gil Ge lia

[O<a<1; Re p>0]

3.31.4. D(f(x)), E(f(x)), K(f(x)) and hyperbolic functions

sinh bx 0 “
1. D(iavx) sa \tacr —1—~exp(2=4} x
cosh bx a’ \l v¥p-b 2a

-b)—_1 p+b
xWw (23) + exp )x
1/2,-1/2 32 ip+b

Boe
s aipevel| ; 4
(Re p>|Re 5}]
490 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

oe ' -
2.
sinh bx i
E(iaVx) 44/5 exo(2 |w (2 b)
cosh bx Ap) aq2) W2i/2( 52

an
#1
epee
Per sea) “ainler |
exp[
ra2
W
1/2,1/2 a

[Re p>|Re
5]]

' cr ;
sinh bx’
eyes K (iavx) “ilGa Aa ie" )#
p 2a OLD
cosh bx

¥ exp|2t4)w {etre
+b °XP 2) 0,0\ 2
[Re p>|Re
5|]

1 sinh bx
4. K | =
¥x+a\|cosh bx fae

PNET LU: % 4[« ap-ab) ~ ,2(ap+ab

x ernie 4/0 2 0 2)

1 sinh bx 2
6. x 76|f0(22922] +y2(4p=ab) —
[24g 2(cosh bx 16[°o, 2 0 2

xe | J, 22525} FY, (22524)

1x? 44?
[Re p>|Re 5|]
 THE COMPLETE ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS 491

3.31.5. D(f(x)), E(f(x)), K(f(x)) and trigonometric functions

1
Notation: 6 = x
0

abe pt+6/2,p+6/2-e+1
u(e) = ps Tr
p+(6+1) /2,p+(6+3)/2-«
676 OF le tt a 2
x F,[Prferg etl; pt 7 +5 pt a a4 )

sin bx 0 i
DiiaYx) Ay ft- ep ee 2
cos bx a al Ll} |v
p+ib a
p+ib Ps 1 x
xW
1/2,-1/2 2 :
a Vp-ib

p-ib p-ib
x exp He i aera 42 }
[Re p>|Im 5|]

sin bx i {
E(iaVx) La Base “fp (244) :
cos bx 1) &(p+ib) 2a

Detatio || 1
XW fsa 2 )ss fa 2
a (p-ib)

p-ib p-ib
xexp| = ||| ee }]
[Re p>|Im 5]]

sin bx i , i
: cos bx
K(iavx) 4 1}
ches
L?
CxP Gaal
2a
Wy : fee
a
+

=, i p-ib
= trp exe Z|Wool a }]
[Re p>|Im 5|]
492 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx i ; : -
a 1 | \x(=a] ue \ 1 xp 225109) x, (s2gias} <
¥x+a\cos bx Ll} |vp+ibd

5, B(x-a) sin bx . if? [xp(se25229) = x7(225424)]

x cos bx 4 1 :

eee
xk(=—2] {a>0; Re p>|Im
5|)

sin bx 2fi : :
6. 1 S _ [5[e25=) +y,(segta?) -
2 2\cos bx 1
Xx sa

xx x | Eager | ata or
ae ar
[Re p>|Im
b}]

3.32. THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRST KIND PY (2)

Laplace transforms of expressions involving Pe (z) can be obtained as

special cases of Laplace transforms of expressions involving the Gauss
hypergeometric function (Section 3.57) and generalized hypergeometric
functions (Section 3.38) by using the relations:

/2
Tiree | x+1)" ~ Preney heres
FU = Thea Eel Fil vy, v+]; lp; Sa I:xel— ie],

/2
eh ex, z a Be pelt he aees
Se | v, vtly I-n; > i) -1<x<1,

= 2" io) (VA B, 2

“rosa vil- 7 7 I-49 el -l<x<1,

and similar ones (see [82], Addendum II, 18). Therefore in what
follows only some simplest formulae are given.
 THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRST KIND 493

3.32.1. PU(f(x)) and algebraic functions

p/2 (a/2)
el zp bowl 27)
1. x*(95+1] P¥(ax+l) OCG ET ee
r(-p-v)rC-ptv)
es es
*

cult
31] 2p

[Re(2A-p)>-2;
p+l,

A+p/2+1,
Re p>0;
1

—-v, m
larg a|<x)

p/2
2) aged be+1] x Cal Dee pla 2p
p S weer | A

x P?(ax+ 1) [Re p<1; Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

-p/2 2 a
= + sin vit [5] pe os x

1, Il-p
a
A-p/2+1, v+l1, 4
[Re(2A-p)>-2; Re p>0; jarg a|<n)

-p/2
4. fs i x (py nee ys F [n-wi-20; a
v+l v-pt+l}1

p aoe &
x Pi (axt+1) +
Capa hl 2 -_
p-v
—_

xX. F [weve 2v+2; 2p)

(af2yate?
ea a v(v+1)Prc-p)*
1, ptl; 2p/a
>
a V2 meV
[Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

|2a u-1/2 ap
Lae a 12x day Sue € K 41/24?)

i ead +1]
x Pt [Re p<1; Re p>0)
494 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

y/2 Nn QS /2+v v-p/2

geek iauut stern li/2 Adve
65 Xaen(axtle < yan ries+l

=u/2 -v,p-v; 2p/a

x (45+1] P*v (ax+1) Seale 2
2a a
-2v,-A-v

ieLi fy ph woes Ene Velen

Jager! tv *

ee p+v+1; “A
x — — sin vnX
: 2v+2, v-A+l "

ye(2)OPAL vk, v- A= 1]
2 -A-p

A+1, Atptl; 2p/a

xX ,F
2° 2
At+v+2, A-v+l
[Re A>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<nJ

2.8
7. la xf |F,ll$) + YP)
[Re p>0]

2
xy Vv2a a
8. ae 7 I Karle)

[Re p>0]

2 2
9. ne el Ee —b) .aP~
1 Kao YK 172%)

[22,-r(ard 2b-a >). Re p>0]

 THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRST KIND 495

\ pvmeer a FE? te (2) Dy Fl g

ape e* l-pt+v

—1 2
ay: Pav ep 2
x Pi (ax +1) xX,F, +
1/2-v, -2v
a qu/2-v-1 2ve+l Eleanor
Jaca tik 2+v = itv
x

p+v+1; ae pd
xP, %
v+3/2, 2v+2

acajou
ee
sl eS 5 y T ehe
u+1/2; =a p'/2

M1 94872,~ 1 /2-v
~p/2-1 ae /2
~ petal?) F
Vive l=)! 2.3 3/2. v+2. I- v

[Re p>0; |arg a|<n]

qulreviv-w/2 ee Ae
1. x"(ax?+1)*x Se A tee l-p+v

Fea -p/2 -Vv, p-Vv; =a. vpr 2

x ? +1] x x oF 3 =
-2v, (1-A)/2-v, -A/2-v

x P*(ax2+1)
v
fy es
Sigh tine
be valliceae ~y-1/2,\—2v
ail v
“tp
vt1, ptv+l; =a) ‘pry?
XoF3 2v+2, v—-A/2+1, v+(3-A)/2
¥

—(A+p+1)/2
—
lie
zx inva ( x

r
(A+1)/2,

(1-A)/2-p
v+(1-A)/2,-v—-(A+1)
/2
}
496 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

GS-12 - G41) /2ene. —aaped2

+

2 shay)? 41) /2over A+ 3) (2+

-(A+p)/2-1
+ £— sin va (§ x
A/2+1, v-A/2, -A/2-v-1
xy x
ht Laat

d/2+1, N/I+urii—a 'p7/2

2
3/2, A/2-v+1, A/2+v+2
[Re A>-1; Re p>0; |arg a|<nx)

1/2 bp/a
12. P.(ax?+2bx+1) nN ar Ko Kyat 2%

(202,-p(bx4 bia *), Re p>0]

2
1 2a 1 ap
13.S #4
x+a °|ESS ]
aap . W.41/2,90 PW _,_1 2,94?)

[Re p>0]

-p/2 -v-1] -1/2_(u-1)/2+v_ap/2

14; x “G+ id P
(a+x) x id P 2 (u-1)/2-v,p/24P
xPt(a=s) [Re p>0]

-p/2 x+a
15. x" pal[24] < -1/4 (2p-5)/4_
. ye ap/2
vida va? CW yt) /4,Qve1)/4
GP)
[Re p<1; Re p>0]

-p/2
16. % pu a QM l/4, (2u-3)/4 ap/2
Vera | a al CW ayy /4, avery /469P)
[Re p<1; Re p>0]
 THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRST KIND 497

17. ee wt 2 et gy D/A
Op ee? D,_,.\(72ap)
[Re p<1; Re p>0]

18. x 8! (+a)? x Je
2 (a+b)p/2
D,,(Y2ap)D v-1
(V25p)

(Re p<]; a,b,Re p>0)

x (x+arb)!? x
my | ab
x Pel (x+a) aT |

3.32.2. Pr (e*)) and the exponential function

yj Pp
1. P(e”)
Vv
2 ?var
(p—v+1)/2, (ptv)/2+1
[Re p>0]

Ms p/2
2. Phe)
Vv
2°* | Var x
(1-p)/2, (p-p)/2+1

(v-wtl1)/2, -—(p+v)/2, 1-p/2

X sf9
I-p, (p-p)/2+1; 1
[Re y<2; a,Re p>0])

p
3. Ose] 2x)-w/2
Pre”) 2 Par
(p-p-v+1)/2,(p—wt+v) /2+1
{Re p<1l; Re p>0]

eg yaen(e”) VIREV ) (VFL) 1y

4. (1- germ ms

Dp
18
(p-v+m+1)/2,(p+v+m) /2+1

[m=1,2,3,...; Re p>0]
498 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Pes wiry
2-2) 2" m v¥na p
5. (I-ae pint =n=v) (2) Tle Gey)
(w-v)/2, (w+v+l)/2, p/2
x P* (ae*)
See 1/2, p/2+1; a
v

get Viator
“(pelo h(a) / AACS v7 2)
(u-v4+1)/2, (utv)/2+1

32 aid @yay270 ae
[O<a<1; Re p>0]

c 2-1 (ptv+1)/2,(p—v)/2
~2x)-p/2
6. (l-e Pac ) r
vn p-ptl
[Re p<l; Re(p-v)>0; Re(p+v)>-1]

CN = p-p/2, ptp/2
7. (l-e *) W/2 DH(De 2) 9
p-p/2-v, p-p/2+v+1
[Re p<l; 2Re p>|Re p|]

as » Pp
8. P (Qe ==) r
p+v+l, p-v
(Re p>0]

2 saayel es
9. P (ae “-a+l) rp) (254] PP (=a)
[a<2; Re p>0]

i p/2 |p+p-v,p+p+v+
10: e741) x ( a ) |
a-2
P-*?
v
(q-1)
p+
wee -p/2 :
Xx [a -1} x {Re p>-1; Re a>0; Re(ptp-v)>0; Re(ptutv)>-1]

x P (ae*-a+1)
 THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRST KIND 499

(p-p)/2
i haze 7 Bins i
(2 M(p)P a(1-a)

x(2- +e] SERS [Re p<l; a<2; Re p>0}

x Ee (ae *-a+1)

lap p+p/2, p-p/2

i iee 7X
I+(v=p)/2, (l=v=p)/2,

p+(v+1)/2, of

[2Re p>|Re p|]

p
13. eatate *)/? x = 2 ar x
(1-pt+v)/2,—(u+v)/2,p+3/2
(1-p-v)/2, (v-p)/2+1
tad p+3/2; at

[Ja|<l; Re p>0]}

Pp
acces qe ar x
(l-pt+v)/2, -—(u+v)/2, p+1/2
Osa tae) ane
(1l-p+v)/2, -—(wt+v)/2
x[p (al eae 2
we p+1/2; a

+P*(—al ean [Ja|<l; Re p>0)

3.32.3. Phe) and various functions

fotiee yx
p+
Siny. x wh, x xT
x {$2 be bree )
(p+6-p-v+1)/2, (pt+d-ptv)/2+1
500 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

(p+1)/2, p/2+6
xf, 6+1/2, (ptd-p-v+t1)/2,

BhoiA
(pt 6-p+v) /2+1

[rep<l; Re p>-5; -{'}]

‘ pt+l1
pes aes 2 pr x
(p-p-v)/2+1, (p-pwtv+3)/2

en 1/2, (p+) /2, p/2+1; -b°

x erf(be “P(e*) xr,
3/2, (p—p—-v)/2+1, (p—p+v+3)/2

[Re p<1l; Re p>-1]

2+ 1 b (p-v+1)/2, (p+v) /2+1

3.2 eee oe = r x
p-p+2
is (p-v+1)/2, (ptv) /2+1;- 7
x erf(be *)PH(e*) x 3)F 3
3/2, (p-p) /24+1, (p—p+3)/2
[Re p<1; Re(p+v)>-(3+1)/2]

S x p
a eae Yn_y x
2?” |(p—p-v+1)/2, (p-p+v)/2+1

p/2, (p+l)/2; b?
x exp(be 2%) x x F
2 (p-p-v+1)/2, (p-ptv)/2+1

* . pt+1
x erfc(be” *)PM(e™) -_p x
2°°* | (p-p-v)/2+1, (p-p+v+3)/2

1, (ptl)/2, p/2+1; b?
X33
3/2, (p-u-v)/2+1, (p-p+v+3)/2

[Re p<l; Re p>0; |arg 6|<3x/4]

 THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE FIRST KIND 501

5. (e727) 8?

ptr
=X. pu, -x
x J, (be P(e ) xl x
A+1,(p+A—p-v+1)/2,(p+A—p—-v) /24+1

(p+d)/2, (pta+l1)/2; -b7/4

x,F 5 A+] , (pt+A-p-v+1)/2,(p+r-—p+v) /2+1

[Re p<1; Re(p+A)>0]

Vabowe r Dp
6. (1-e7 2%) 7#/2 x
ger lye, 410 p—p
oe yD
x J (be *) J, (be *) x
p/2, (p+l1)/2,
pw, -x.
x Pie ) as
(p-p+v)/2+1 x+1, A+1, x+A+l,

(x+A+1)/2, (th) /241; -87

(p-p-vt1)/2, (p-pt+v)/2+1

[Re p<1; Re(p+x+A)>0]

3.32.4. P" (cosh x), the exponential and hyperbolic functions

1 1/2-p, (p-v)/2, (pt+v+1)/2

1 Ul-en)ox —r
2v¥m | (ptv)/2-ptl, (p-vt+1)/2-p
x P* (cosh x) [Re p<1/2; Re(2p-v)>0; Re(2p+v)>-1]

quoi 1/2-p, (p+p-v)/2, (ptpt+v+l1)/2

2. sinh "x Pe (cosh x) r
vn (p-p-v+1)/2, (p-ptv) /2+1
[Re p<1/2; Re(p+p-v)>0; Re(pt+p+v)>-1)

gu-2 3/2-p, (ptp-v—-1)/2, (ptp+v)/2

3. sinh’ "x P" (cosh x) eee P
vn (p-pt+v+3)/2, (p-p-v)/2+1

[Re p<3/2; Re(p+p-v)>1; Re(pt+tptv)>0]

502 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.32.58 (y) and various functions

[x] ,n jee ne2n 1) Midiay seme

I Pigen™
PS (ive yer ea
+ae a Peale 2
(Re p>In|a|]

gee ‘s
i sies
= 11
* Cx]eayt Pin” DP, ———— exp(aye eke (ae aihe y oy

[x] Py : : ‘
a
3. ({[x]+2n)! .
= (ae °)" exp(aye ”) I (ae O20)
n
x en”

3.32.6. Products of Pi(f(x))

1. xi/2p-1/4( ax 1) x

x Pl/4({ ax?+ 1) (Re p>0]

3.33. THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE SECOND KIND Q" (2)

Laplace transforms of expressions involving Q(z) can be obtained as

special cases of Laplace transforms of expressions involving the Gauss
hypergeometric function (Section 3.37), generalized hypergeometric
functions (Section 3.38) and the Legendre function of the first kind
P’G@), by using the relations

ent tag gue

Q"(z)= vel
ov t (2 ~ye/2y
v+3/2

xP [Att BS2 + Si) |

4 ’ vV+95 a ’
°4

tye 1) (22-1) t/4p-Y-H/2 =

—p-1/2

and similar ones (see [82], Addendum II, 18).

 THE LEGENDRE FUNCTIONS OF THE SECOND KIND 503

3.33.1. Orr (x)) and algebraic functions

1. x rs(2a+x) +p/2n(x
ot(¥ +1] Memoir <P
pprenl vtp+l
zat |[v-w+

Itp, 1
xGp 2ap
Atp/2+1, v+l, -v
[2Re A>|Re p|-2; Re p>0)

-1/2 a n,n —
Zoex 2, (} (-1) nt] D_, 2ap)D_,_,(-¥2ap)
[Re a,Re p>0]

eo aoe, rth) y (é22)

v oe 23) Map -v-1/2,0 Y2.

TED
x W_sis20 4

[Re v>-1; Re p>0]

Blo -1/2Made
x2
hy #[s2(—22
8 \sV7
+v2(_a2)|
sa
[Re p>0]}

j if9)
v/2,,u([x+a SEEhaktae
5. x "(| x sit vee 72 P(ntvt
DW _ 7p 172(@P)
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>0]

v/2 a ipntap/2.
6. * ot [2=4} SE ery ett) Xx
Veron a ap ae
XW vat) /2,—p/24P)
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>0]

3.33.2. ariute*)) and the exponential function

a -pni Dye —p/2

1. Q" (ae ) e | [pa (@=1) O° (a)
[Jarg(a-1)|<n; Re(p+v)>-1]
504 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

iat
» ptp/2, ar
a
2. (-e*)"9" —
2p+v+l
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>|Re p»|/2]

aya 4 w+v+l, pth, Pp

ae eet) 0 | Ya T
M 9 ir p+1/2, p+v+1
[Re v>-3/2; Re p>|Re p|]

3.33.3. Q" (f(x)) and various functions

1. Geta 2)#(2v41F1)/4 Tee (+1) /24vy,

2p —~ | (utv+l)/2

ria (v-p) /2+1

LtV, pH x Ee
{os 2 AP : | XS at) /2v,y OP
ae +a

a sintt? 5 Qt —__ [Re p>0]

19 2 v 7) 7)
x +a

eum a p+v+l, ptp/2, |

~e*y"o"
2. (l-e )*Q"(coth
[coth&;| ,} r
p+p/2+v+1, p-p/2+v+1
[Re v>-1; Re p>|Re p»|/2)

3.34. THE LOMMEL FUNCTIONS . 2) AND Ss.y)

3.34.1. eK (axae), Ssyarn) and the power function

’

Notation:

Ke : “Tatu? x
ol’ a Sea ed ae 2 op su te

1, (A+p)/2+1, (A++3) /2;-a7/p”

x
2\ (u—v+3)/2, (w+v+3)/2
gutv-l
<
v,A—v+l1, (1+p+v) /2
u, 1 (v) = Spt +1 (1-p+v) /2
Fi A-vt+l
2] ’
A-
2 3
me
p
2
 THE LOMMEL FUNCTIONS 505

1,A+(p+3)/2;-a Ane vay

“Tas +3) /2)
Ae (pe3) 722 2
or ere -v7Jp (u-v+3) /2, (u+v+3)/2
w+v-1 ,A-Vv/2+1, (ut+vt1)/2 r,| a
uy (v)= ey iy. oe
v
ap
A-v/2+1
(v-p+1) /2 a ee 4p)"
8 & \+26-1
uy== (2m) 2(8-1) (k-1I) [r(ccciame
(1 eae 1s l+v-(-1)
-v-¢-1) eee aes}]
a
1. x ne (ax)
oa
[Re(A+p)>-2; a,Re p>0}

a
ae 3 S,y(aX) u,+ u, (v) iF u, (-v)
[Re A>|Rev|-1; Re(A+p)>-2; Re p>0; |arg a|<x]

2n-3 2
2 Reh) 3 Ps
3 VX S.14(ax ) es P| 2n+5)S_ yal 4a
{Re »>-7/4; a,Re p>0]

. xs pv (a¥x) uy
[Re(2A+p)>-3; a,Re p>0)

. x'S_(avx)
why
ust u,(v) = u,(-v)
[2Re A>|Rev|-2; Re(2A+p)>-3; Re p>0; |arg a|<x])

w= 1 aA+1/2
m
Ss
Vay! (2k), 2 l ae G3k-25ksktl [sr o
Sepa
(any PTR2 hel bel,
1,3k
S
Hv
1] A(,-A) ,ACk, (ut+1)/2)
Atk, (u+1) /2),A (k,v/2),

te
[Rectasti>-2t-t Re p>0;

a>0
Re A>-1+/|Re v|/(2k); |arg al<n
506 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

, eeepcf2
7 abeox 5} 2 : fe) oat cs
al (28)
* CL-1)/2_A4+1 3ktl,k a
ss (2x) p
A(1,-A) , A(k, i-p)/2),
(3):
P) Atk, (-p) /2)
ie pues

[Recata-ti>-2tet Re p>0;

a>0; Re 4>-1-3// (4k)

jarg a|<n

3.34.2. Sa tax, 3. tax!” and hyperbolic functions

pt+il
Notation: w, (p) = tht aaee)
2[(u+1l)°-v"]p

1, (At+p)/2+1, (A+p+3) /2;-a"/p”

x
ee (u—v+3)/2, (u+v4+3) /2

p+v-2 v,A-—v+1, (1+p+v)/2

wi Pe eaemaasl (l-p+v)/2
:
XX F A-v+l A-v te eat
2) 1 32 b 2 > Vv; p »

p+ 1, A+ (+3) /2;-a2p
'/4
Distt) 7 =v pee i
(u-v+3) /2, (u+v+3)/2

p+v-2 v,A-v/2+1,(u+vt1)/2 * a2
w, (pV) = +5;
ae ple v/2+1 (v-p+1) /2 ee (A 2Fetst—v- rae
4p

A sinh bx
lox Sy) w, (p-6) + w, (p+)
cosh bx}
[Re(A+p)>-(5+1)/2; a>0; Re p>|Re b|]
 THE LOMMEL FUNCTIONS 507

» sinh bx
2. x ae a y™ W (p—b) ¥ W, (p+b) + w, (p—b,v) +

*W, (p-b,-v) ¥ W, (p+b,v) ¥ W, (p+b,-v)

_ [Re d>|Re v|-(341)/2; Re(at+p)>-(5+1)/2;
Re p>|Re b|; |arg a|<n}

sinh bx -2p-4
vx: : Ss ql) ee x
cosh bx} ” va A
x sl Me S (p= b)-) +
Yp-b —p-1,1/4 4a

ier Yp+b

[a>0;
—p-1,1/4
CA
Re p>|Re b|; Re p>-2F1/4]
4a

h sinh bx Mi
4. x die) 5 5, yY*) w,(p-b) ¥ w,(p+b)
[Re(2A+n)>-441; a>0; Re p>|Re 5|)

4 sinh bx
5. x S_(/x) w,(p—b) + w,(p+b) + w,(p-b,v) +
cosh bx} *”
+ w,(p-b,-v) + w, (p+b,v) + w, (p+, —v)
(2Re A>|Re v|-3¥1; Re(2A+p)>-441;
Re p>|Re 5|;_ |arg a|<x)

3.34.3. Ce tax, s, (ax! and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.34.2

h sin bx i
l. x Sax) [w, (p+ib) = w, (p-ib)]
cos bx} * 1
[a>0; Re p>|Im 5]; Re(A+p)>-(5+1)/2)

sin bx i
258X S (ax) [w, (p+ib) ¥ w, (p-id) + w, (p+ib,v) +
cos bx} “’ 1
+H (p+ib,—v) + W (p-ib,v) ¥
¥ wy (p-ib,—-v)]
[Re A>|Re v|-(3+1)/2; Re(A+p)>-(5+1)/2;
Re p>|Im 5]; |arg a|<x)
508 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin bx 2 nee
-2 4
3. vx: ae ya $y 1/49X? rfoue3}} fx

oo (p+ib)”) 5
xit sei 4a )#

eh 4paib)-
aaa“}]

[Re p>-2F1/4; a>0; Re p>|Im 5|]

“i sin bx) | i
4. x s_,(avx) [w, (p+ib) + w, (p-ib)]
cos bx] 1
(Re(2A+p)>-441; a>0; Re p>|Im dj)

h sin bx i
5. x S y(avx. [w, (p+ib) + w, (p-ib) + w,(ptib,v) +
cos bx} °’ 1
+ w,(pt+ib,—v) + w, (p-ib,v) +

+ w, (p-ib,—v)]
[2Re A>|Re v|-3¥1; Re(2A+p)>-441;
Re p>|Im b|; |arg a|<x])

3.35. THE KUMMER CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION |

F (@;532)

3.35.1. a (axb;w0x"!") and the power function

Notation:
, i b,a—(u+1)/2,(u+1)/2
u, (a,p) = ——————_ x
: ee a,b-(p+1)/2

(u+1)/2, (u+3)/2-b 1 b,a-p/2, w/2+1

y 1/2, (u+3)/2-a;0 'p*/ 4) 2po oR, a,b-p/2-1

p/2+1,p/2-b+2 2a-p-1 [b,p-2atl

oF. | |fa x
2 oles u/2-a+2;0 'p*/4 wo? b-a
 THE KUMMER CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 509

a,a-b+1;0 |p”/4
x Fo ,
a-p/2,a+(1-p)/2

3/2=-a-—be 2
weer 1) ipa Pp.2
u, (a) Ty (bar de-3) 4 basi sae (5] West liPahas aavevis
te ;

+1,a/2,(a+1)/2
u,(a,p)
_P(mt+l)
ptt 3 A|
nee
1/2,b/2,(6+1)/2;0 a "14

_ awl (n+3/2) s eee:

ay 6! 1/4 :
pier? 3/2, (b+1) /2,b/2;02p

e
gi/zra-
ee
e laa! Gad “Nei ae
(e A(1,-p) , A(k, 1-a)
ye
4 Qn y CERT AST ESTs k+l, 2k DEW eres

a;op —p-1,at+p+l,b at+pt+l; wp

u,(a,p)= bth). F tatp F,
. —p,b b+utl,a pt2,b+pt+l

a; -wp 214 ane

2+1 —p/2-1,a+p/2+1,5
U,(a,p)= i +) F, x
p* —p/2,(1-p) /2,6 *Veseso+ itn

at+p/2+1; -wp’/4 (p+1)/2 [-(Cpt+1)/2,a+(ut+1)/2,5

4 oe er x
313/2,/2+2,b+n/2+1 2 b+(p+1)/2,a

a+(p+1)/2; -wp’/4

V 3141/2, (w+3)/2,b+(n+1)/2)

rade
ne ro
1/2+a-b,p+1/2
Wyo pr ox paenaey baa
b
|.
ghee | A(,-p),A(k,1),A(k,d)
Oriex E
4") A(k,a)

a,—p-p»;-o . b,-p,pta —,pta;-w

u,(a) = B(p,p+1),F +oT F ;
: ala 7 b,1-p a,p+b at; p+1,p+b
510 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

a,—Pp-p3-@
u, 9 (a) = B(p,pt+1),F
ed ot

a [OBL atl 1-p,a+p+1;-o

+o°° Fr = F,
a,b+p+1 pt+2,b+p+1

1. | F, (a;b;0x) 1
pi pe) =
[a.tsdig

batt
6 oF, Cway ek
alsbig®s)}

[Re p,Re(p-w)>0)

p if ie, Tr ( +1) ° oa =
Zex Ff (asb3@x) peOEe | a,n+1;b;5

= RE
a ) Ee [b-anetibiW-p
g®s )
(p-o) p+ 2

(Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-w)>0)

Za 1F (ab;@x) T(b)p**(p-a) “
[Re b,Re p,Re(p-w)
>0)

Varoypaoue. V2
Ae iF,(a;b;0x) (bEaes1) Aa (2eebaunT
4°
p (p-a) >

x pii-)/2 2p-w
(b-1)/2-a 5
24 p -po
[Re b,Re p,Re(p-w)>0]

(1-6)/2
5. x” F,(a;b;0x) Pip
p
Ta
=
b+ljyo
re
(p-a) 7
r wel
Pes (222
-a-1| p-a

[Re(a-b)>-1; Re p,Re(p-w)>0]

: 6-1
6 xt! 2
1F (asb;wx) 2 P(a-1/2)1T(b)_ pl-b Pp
wpP=WI2
a= 12° b-2a\4p—o
[Re a>1/2; Re p,Re(p-w)>0]
 THE KUMMER CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION S11

Te1XeB (a;b;wx) 2 o- TC) 0! b-1)/2

Ir (a+1/2)
1/2 a-(b-1)/2

[Re a>-1/2; Re p,Re(p-w)>0]

3/2
8.
x D/2 F 3
[518 +5;0x
2 ttD/2p n+3/ Q ([2}
2’
Deal
npiriiee ke
[Re p,Re(p-w)
>0)

9, x! F , (a;b;wx+z) Pcptl) ® [a,n+1:8:2,2)

p p+ 1 p

[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-w)>0]

10. xP i (a;b;-wx") u, (a,p)

[Re p>-1; Re w,Re p>0]

2b-2+e
11. x 1 (a;b;-wx”) u, (a)
{e=0 or 1; Re w,Re p>0; Re b>(1-e)/2]

2 2
I (25-1) 2-2 (3 E ]
12. XD,
A pe
K
8w)-o-1( 80

[Re w,Re p>0; Re b>1/2])

13. ag 4(a;b;-w¥x) u,(a,p)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

14. x" iF 1 (a:b;-wx!!* ) u, (a,p)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0 for Kk; Re p,Re o>0
for bk; Re p,Re(pt+w)>0 for =k)

15. x Bp HF,
li... @
(ait 2) u 5(4,P)
[Re p,Re w>0; Re(p+a)>-1)

16. x p 1 [ais
“fie 4 u,(a,p)
x
[Re p,Re w>0; Re(y+2a)>-1]
512 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

17. x" F, abort) u, (a)

(Re(kp+la)>-k; Re p,Re w>0]

3.35.2. FP asbsf )), the power and exponential functions

Notation: see 3.35.1

1. xte°* iF (a:b; wx") uy (b-a,p)

[Re »>-1; Re p,Re w>0)

2
2
24, eee iF 1 (a;b;wx') u,(b-a)
{e-O or 1; Rep,Re w>0; Re b>(1-e)/2]

2-26 2 2
2b-2. -wx
J. Xuene
Riera
jF (25-436; 0x )
ey) T(2b-1)p of p .. K
(2
les w) 5-1

[Re p,Re w>0; Re b>1/2)

u,(b-4a,p)
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

5. xt exp(-wx!/* x u 4-4,p)

x F (asb;0x!" [Re p>-1; Re p>O0 for /<k; Re p,Re w>0

for bk; Re p,Re(p+w)>0 for [=k]

u,(b-a,p)
[Re p,Re w>0; Re(y+b-a)>-1]

u,(b-a,p)

[Re p,Re w>0; Re(w+2b-2a)>-1)

8. x"exp(-ox x u, (b-a)
eee (a;bsax [Re(ku+/b-la)>-k, Re p,Re o>0]
 THE KUMMER CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 513

a-b -a -o/x Pp (6-1)/2

9. x “(x+w) “e x 1'(6)(a—b+1) 6 I, -4(2V0p) X
x ,F 1 Bier sae x Y(a,b;wp)
[Re o,Re w,Re p>0]

3.35.3. FY5 (atm{x];b+m[x];0) and various functions

(a) -
[x] [x] l-e -p
(x11eV Oy,”
1 o Th SS ee x D 2(4,4;b;w,0¢
®,(a,a;b;0, *)

x ft (a;b+ [x] ;w) [b40,-1,-2,...]

(b-a) -p
Lexa [x] l-e
De TT ex exp(de -p ") F, (a;b;w-ce
ape -p
“)
[x] !(}) [eI teat

x fi (a;b+ [x] ;w) (6A40,-1,-2,...]

(1-5) =p
3. feat Cae Ext X<
[x] ie hav?
Supra ee —p,) b-1 fF, @bso(1
ae ae
oe “))

x ,F, (a5b-[x] ;) [640,-1,-2,...; Re p>In|o|)

(b-a) e5=p a-b

4. — ol x Lae
<— fee a [a )
[x] Cup e? oe —|l
x fF, @-B) 3b;w) (640,-1,-2,...; Re p>in|o|]

(a) 2
5. > [x] [x] x Lé oe
®, (a,a;b;w,z)
[x] !(d) 21x] p 2

x F, (a+ [x] 3b+2 [x] ;w) [wz=-ce?, wezew; 6%0,-1,-2,...]

[x]
(a) (b-a) o tle
= (x)
6. CF [x] L-¢ is
F (a;b;w) che
,F (a;b;z)
[x}!$(b) 5.) (a py] Daniel 1

x ,F, (a+ [x] ;b+2

[x] ;w) [wze-ce?, wezew; 640,-1,-2,...]
514 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

[x]
(a) 0 -p
2[x] l-e
1. 4$b) —— W(a;b,b;w,z)
[x] 6.) Dar yy p

x Ao (a+2 [x] ;b+2 [x] ;o) [we=-ce ?, wez-w; 6£0,-1,-2,...]

+m/2
3.35.4. F(a; b;wx ) and hyperbolic functions

Notation: see 3.35.1

sinh ox
1. x! cosh ox {Ff (ab;0x) Pipe) eae
(p-o) e [a.n+1ibi525)
P

es
= 1

[Re n>-(3+1)/2; Re p,Re(p-w)>|Re o|]

2, x py F (a;b;wx) Ti [e-0)(p-w-a) "=

cosh ox
Pe (+0) p-wto]
[Re b>-(1+1)/2; Re p,Re(p-w)>|Re o|]

y{Sinh ox P(p+l1) anes

3. x ‘ 1F (asb;wx+z) Put) o- eA) ifanetibies2s}
cosh ox
S| od|
+ (p+o) ® ifwide. 52]

[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re p,Re(p-w)>|Re o|]

‘ sinh ox 2 1
4.x fi F(ab; -wx ) 5 lu, (a,p-9) ¥ u, (a,p+o)]
cosh ox
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re w>0; Re p>|Rea|]

: sinh ox 1
5. x 2 \F (a;b;-oVx) 7 lu, (4,p-0) F u,(a,p+o)]
cosh ox
[Re »>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Re of]

a sinh ox < 1
6. x cata an [a:0:- 2} 7 lu, (a,p-9) ¥ u(a,pt+o)}
x
[Re(u+a)>-(3+1)/2; Re w>0; Re p>|Re a|]
 THE KUMMER CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 515

sinh ox 1
Pe oe x 7 [ug (4,p—9) ¥ u,(a,pt+o)]
cosh ox

x if; [aio:-| [Re(u+2a)>-(3+1)/2; Re w>0; Re p>|Re o|]

53

+m/2
3.35.5. 1F , (asb;wx ) and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.35.1

sin ox i
1, x |F , (a;b;0x) Piysty) |}—_t ___x
cos Ox 1) | (pt+io) ’
—+ ———————
1 x
xXoF, [«.
+155;
‘pea (p-ia)"*!

x AF, [a.n+tibs5
=

[Re >-(3+1)/2; Re p,Re(p-w)>|Im o|)}

sin ox
2. - | (a;b;wx) T(5)(p os Dias
sing
X[(p-w) 27 | |

cos@
0 o
E=a arctan peat =
+(b—a)arctan —;

Re b>-(1+1)/2; Re p,Re(p-w)>|Im ai]

sin ox i ae
3. x? Fa b;wx+z) Pus ) [w+ion es x
cos Ox 1
xO ifanetidies oss)- (p-io) *! x

x @Oifanrtibiens
acl

[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re p,Re(p-w)>|Im o|]

sin ox 2 1 y} ame
4, x? F (a5b;-wx ) 7 [u, (a,ptio) F u, (a,p-io))
cos ox 1
(Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re w>0; Re p>|Im o|]
516 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

sin ox i
5. | \ (a;b;-wV¥x) aiansio + u,(a,p-io)]
COS Ox
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im o|]

sin ox 8 i
6. x" F [aio] Hae ¥ u,(a,p-io))
cos ox}! ! *
[Re(y+a)>-(3+1)/2; Re w>0; Re p>|Im o|]

sin ox is i
th | 7 |iainorio + u,(a,p-io)}
cos ox Fi [a:0:-25]
x 1
[Re(y+2a)>-(3+1)/2; Re w>0; Re p>|Im o|]

3.35.6. Fi (a;b;wx) and various functions

to
3 1j4-% Do? 2 -1/2
-3/4 so,
Ix erf(ovx) F, [agi]
P (pt+o
2 -w)*% ms

p(pt+o -w)
[Re p,Re(p-w)>0; jarg o|<x/4]

(b-1)/2
ZX I,b-1 .(aovx) x

x 1 (a;b;wx)

[Re 5,Re p,Re(p-w)

>0]

3 eke
(ox), Fi (a;b;wx) T'(b) (p=o)" .
Do aetpeaye

bepile ses 1m 20w )

(p-o) (p-w)
[Re 5,Re p,Re(p-w)
>0]
 THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 517

3.35.7. Products of 1 (a;b;wx)

1x 4 F(a “He i
3b 30x) |F (a;b;wx) (n+)tea [n+1.a.0'3b,b' ip?
pee ;—
24)

[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-c)

,Re(p-w) ,Re(p-o-w) >0)

2. x’ F, (a’sb;0x)x P(b)p"* *(p-0)* (p-w)

+b:
x ,F (a5b;0x) XP [asaoyae
OO. t
=a) (patay]

[Re 5,Re p,Re(p-c) ,Re(p-w) ,Re(p-c-«@) >0]

2
3. X b-l iF (asd;
bt wx) X P(b)
b F [a0pip
a;b; 5]
p Pp
x va (a;b;wx) [Re b,Re p,Re(p-w) ,Re(p+w)>0)

Lp (n)
4.x Alf F 1 (4,35, 50, x) HIP u+1) a [+1.4,,..
a a.

o
@
B 4.0 40 3) 05
1 oD Pp
/
se
p>-1; Re p>0, ma x 2 Re »,|

3.36. THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION Y(a,5;z)

+1/k
3.36.1. Y(a,b;wx ) ~and the power function

Notation:

me a =2eHT) a,a-b+1; -w p /4 ‘
1 p'- zart 22 ry a+(1-p)/2

-(p+i)/2 ee”
aks ee a,a-—b+] :
518 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

frig |“ aa
Bled ©ip buCe Wy

p/2+1 , a-p/2+1,p/2-b+2 p/2+1 ,n/2-b+2;-w |p’/4)

xT 2 %,

a,a-b+l 3/2, p/2-a+2 J

__ Laid a;-wp be a, pLOe

u, (p) =p is iT iF, + w! o . as8 4
a-b+1 b;. =p a

a-b+1;-wp es) —yp-1,-b-p,atpt+l at+p+l;—-wp

x ,F, +o | cS
2-5, 1-b-p a,a-b+1 u+2,b+p+1

2-6 -
1. Y(a,b;wx) i r oF [1.a:0-o+2;2=2)
P |a-b+2 , :

[Re b<2; Re p>0]

yo p+l,p—-b+2
2. x W(a,b;wx) / wo! r x
pt+a-b+2

oe ie [w+1,n-b+2iprab+2;2=2)

[Re p>-1; Re(y-b)>-2; Re p>0]

-b/2 (b-2a) /4
b/2-1 ; LOW p-w b/2-a{ 2 p-w
3. x ¥F(a,b;0x) sin(bx Z| Pp Py| me
[0<Re b<2; Re p>0]

4. xt Ay (a,b:0x) y 26 4a 1 2 Pa Tia SYR) x

ol? Pyd? /4 -(26+1)/4
(p-w) *

b-2a+1/2 [2
AVG [2)
[Re a>1/2; Re(a-b)>-1/2; Re p>0]
 THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 519

5. af 28 (abs) Ba Pet 2541/2)

1(ab+3 12) x
(26-1)/4 (1/2 a-(2b-1)/4
(f) p (p-@)

b-2a-1/2{ |p
ed 2 ([2}
(Re a>-1/2; Re(a-b)>-3/2; Re p>0]

6. x" (a,b;0x7) u, (p)

[Re p>-1; Re(p-2b)>-3; Re p>0;

jarg ©|<3n/2]

pa ott /2pwris2
le xP (a,b;0x! ! fy
(20)
GET) 72-2 asl T'(a)T(a-b+1)
x

AG, L-a)
ak ket | (wo) * (1) {Ow
X Gh, 2k Ik} |p
P) |A(k,0) ,A(k, 1-5)
{Re p>-1; Re(kp-lb)>-k-l; Re p>0; |arg o|<3n/2]

u, (p)

[Re(u+a)>-1; Re p>0; |arg w|<3n/2)

924= b+ tl - yi. (6+1)/ x

—(b+1)/2

x § b-2a,b-1 (2Vwp)

[Re p>0; |arg w|<3x/2])

(1 =6)/2
ere 3/2 ex FopyH®
pie ap) *
2(6-1) b/2 6/2-1

+ Hepa (Yop) H” fap)|

b/2
(Re p>0; |arg @|<3n/2])
520 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

POR A1L2) yh (Sop )D)

Hy, (VO
- ed ws) 2p
[Re b>1/2; Re p>0; larg w|<3n/2]

-1/%y ¥(7.02]
(1 0 Vaasa
ae Oe r{o-i 7| H, | (2¥wp) —
IPS 3s

- Y,,270p)]

[Re p>0; |arg &|<3n/2]

-b+1/2,p+1/2
ri Pe Ha" ES l
13. x V(a,bjox ”) (Sk+It7 952 pel x
(20) p T'(a)T(a-b+1)

os kK,2k+1| (k
k

("9
l
1 A(l,-p),A(k,1),A

A(k,a)
(Kk,5)

(Re(kutla)>-k; Re p>0; |arg o|<3n/2)

3.36.2. Y(a,b,f(x)) and the exponential function

Notation:

Ae ae. /2 J|(p+l)/2, (w+3)/2-6

0?) = Sa x
(u+3)/2+a-b

(u+1)/2, (u+3) /2-b;0 |p?/4 orb l2-}

se
2215/2, (u+3)/2+a=b 2

msw/2+1, p/2-b+2 w/2+1,n/2-b+2;0 'p*/4

x
u/2+a-b+2 7 2137/2, w/2+a-b+2
 THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 521

u+1,1-8 b-a;wp pitt), hab

v, (p) = r + ot*!p x
r] a-b+1 b, ~p a-b-p

p+b-at1; wp Fhcca Oe b-1,p+b l-a; wp

x Fy +0 Dp er if,
pt+2,p+b+1 a 2-6,1-p-5

v, (p)

x W(a,b;0x”) [Re p>-1; Re(p-2b)>-3; Re w,Re p>0]

gil/2-apnri/2
2. xHexp(—-wx!/*) x (k+l) /2-1 p+) x
(20) Pp

k l
x ¥(a,b;0x!/*)
2k | (w)"(l A(d,-p),

“ arta(Z) (5) A(k,0),

A(k,a—b+1)

A(k, 1-6)

[Re p>-1; Re(kp-lb)>-k-l; Re w,Re p>0]

v, (P)

[Re w,Re p>0]

Sa 2 Oa (2Vap)
b-1

[Re o,Re p>0]

2 ) 1-6 2

vi a
1 ,.@ [Re w,Re p>0]
x ¥(Za2 ——

Tite Ayap
& x /2- 1 ews x
K (Jop)K,,.(Vwp)
Ji 6/2-1 6/2

6=) 5.0 [Re w,Re p>0)

lle
522 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

-I/k pil2-appeti/2
7. xexp(-wx °”) X =
tLaorrboie
(anys Pa? 1 pti wer

k NAC,-p),
es 83 0,2k+l| (k) "(1 :
pene ae: * Coke!46) (5) A(k,b-a)
aie |

(Re w,Re p>0)

> = (6-1)/2
8 x (x+w) xX 22] K, (2Va
p) ¥ (a,b;wp)

x en! %y («.
b;rey [Re o,Re w,Re p>0)

3.36.3. W(a,b;f(e *)) and the exponential function

a,p;o eR .
1. V(a,b;we*)
ae af, +Perr
fetes b b,p+1

wll b| ieee a-b+1;)

Pee 7\2-b, p-b+2
{Re p>0; Re(p-b)>-1]

a et
2. ¥(a,b;we*)
ie
sae AR +1

hafy 1-p—b
,a-b+1;w
xT oF, +
a 2-b,2-p-b

f eee |
+oT
a,a-b+1
[Re(pt+a)>0; |arg o|<3n/2)
 THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 523

u+1,1-b,p ap; oO
3e(1-e=)"x +
r oF,
a—b+1,p+ptl b,p+yu+l1

1-b p+1, 5-1, p-b+1

x W(a,b;we*) to F x
a,pt+p-b+2

p-b+1, a-b+1;o0
x oF,
2-6, p+u—b+2
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; Re(p-b)>-1]

KEE b+1/2 pt+l

4. (l-e *)*x Pr x
Gen Pa a,a-b+1

-lx/k k} A(1,1-p)
,Atk, 1-a)
xX ¥ (a,b;we ) KGa (z}
: A(k,0) ,A(k,1-58) ,

rien
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; Re(kp-/b)>-]]

pa Otis? 7 he
5 (lee.x EEE

CIR) ee pee! a,a-b+1

—

Ghitkel 1 (k k| A(,1-p),A(k,1),
x W (a,b;we* )
x 2k+1, k+l] |w
A(k,a) ,
A(k,b)

NCES pW)

[Re p>-1; Re(pk+/a)>0]

I NEY) b-a,p;-o pe ba
6. exp(-we) X —T F pee arg TON
BY Nia)" 7b pel ade
b-1 p-b+1,1-a;-o
x W(a,b;we*) xT af,
a p-—b+2,2-6
[Re p>0; Re(p-b)>-1]
524 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1 1-5 b-a,-p;-o et -b
is exp(-we") x —T F PSS
a
PAN a-b+11" “\bvi—p prea
x ¥(a,b;we”)

1-b,p,p+l p,b-a;-w
8. (l-e*)*x r a. xls
a-b+1,p+p+l1 b,pt+ptl
185 b-1, p—b+1,p+1
x exp(-we*) x +o x
a, p—b+p+2
l-a,p—b+1 ;-w
x ¥(a,b;we*) xX WF.
zo? 2-b,p—b+p+2
[Re p,Re(p-b)>-1; Re p>0)

9. (l-e*)"x ko er uel)
(ain) (Pa) fares x

k| A(l,1-p) ,A(k, a—b+1)

2k,l fh) : i 2
x exp(-we */*y x x at [2]
A(k,0) ,A(k,1-5),

x W(a,b;0e 8)
ware
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; Re(kp-lo)>-1]

10. (l-e *)*x

k} A(1,1—p) ,A(k,1)
X exp( Seen) x
a (4)
x A(k,b-a),

A(k,b)
x ¥(a,b;we™*) A(,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; Re w>0]
 THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 525

p,1-b,p+1 a,ut+1;o
li. (l-e*)"~x r F, +
a-b+1,p+p+1 b,p+p+1

x
p,b-1,2+p-b
xX ¥(a,b;w-we ~) + ocr: x
a,p+p—b+2

a-b+1, p-b+2;0
xX ,F
Line
2-5 »p—b+pn+2
[Re p>-1; Re(y-b)>-2; Re p>0)

pr othe al? :
12, °a-e 52x
Cyt 7) 2 78 a,a-b+1

x ¥(a,batl-e 7)” 2kket | lo ,

ki A(1,-p) , A(k, 1 -a)
xGi, a (2) A(k,0) ,A(k, 1-5),

en
[Re p>0; Re p>-1; Re(kp-/b)>-k-]]

8 1-b,p+l,p b-a, w+1;-o

13. (i-e *)"*x eT oF, +
a-b+1,p+p+l b, ptp+l
5-1, p—b+2,p
x exp(we*)x # or] x
a,p+p—b+2
l-a,n-b+2 ; -w
xX ¥(a,b;w-we*)
xf,
2-b,p—b+p+2
[Re p>-1; Re(y-b)>-2; Re p>0)

kK} i? 4 n, ) :
14. (1-e *)*x (Qn) (F711 2)
(2) A(l,-p) , A(k, a—b+1)
x exp(-w(1-e
*) 4 x x G2h!
k+L,2k+l] |k A(k,0) ,A(k,1-5),

“i (a,b,0l-e 7)"
ai
[Re p>-1; Re(ky-/b)>-k-l; Re p>0)
526 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Se. k 1/2+a-b Pp
15. d-es) x ALISKCE
GayeT URES a,a-b+1 m
k| A(1,-p), Ak, 1)
re:
x ¥(a,b;a(l1- k,2k+l | (k hc Tile TE
e ) ) X Gaps, kel (4) A(k,a),
A(k,b)

A(l,-p-p)
(Re(pk+la)>-k,; Re p>0; |arg w|<3n/2]

1/2-a

16. (l-e“)"x ; Ck
C2).
Ae ih %

xexpewti-e Mx xt (A)
a k A(1,-p) ,Atk,1),

‘ A(k,b-a) ,
B47 A(k,b)
x ¥(a,b;w(1-e *)
A(l,-p-)
[Re w,Re p>0}

pe eth ee
Aah a
Wels Uae yy $< Loy (BES) ot

CPapee Dey Va eet a ee ty

r[ptpt+l1,a,a-b+1]

Osis(G)
kK} A(,1—-p),A(k,1),

Ad,u+1),
A(k,b)

A(k,a)
[Re p>-1; Re(ku-lb)>-k-l, Re(kp+la)>0;
Jarg @|<3n/2)

2
Lio —
18. (1-e*)*x o g (2+,
aa) (k-3) —__
ptp+l 1) x
k| Adi, 1—p),A(k,1),
x exp(-w(e*-1)”*) x XC G
re Ad,pt+l),
; (k,b)
x ¥(a,b;0(e*-1)!/*)
A(k,b-a)
[Re p>-1; Re(ky-/b)>-k-l; Re @>0)
 THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 527

9edee.) 7x 90/20/24)?” p-b+1 Ww

|
e b/2-p,(b-1)/2 (w)
p+a-b+1
xv [2a-2—] {Re p>0; Re(p-b) ,Re(2a-b)>--1; |arg @|<3n/2]
Cul

ke b+1/2)p+p
20. (l-e*)"x STE
TG a
SEE
Te OD) Vou
SP Bs

x ¥ (a,b;a(e*-1) 7! /*y i ee
T[p+pt+l,a,a-b+1]

A2k+l, k+l} {w
k} A, 1—p),A(k,1-a)
asel [2] A(,n+1),A(k,0) ,

es
(Re(ku+la)>-k; Re p>0; Re(kp-lb)>-l;
jarg w|<3n/2])

eeneee Lie Weipa!

21. (l-e ay? by A) We | Jer
pt+a-b+1
w
x exp(- = Alx XW 572-p,(b-1)/2™
xy bees [Re w,Re p>0; Re(p-b)>-1]
eel

3.36.4. W(a,b,ox~”") and hyperbolic functions

Notation: see 3.36.1

sinh ox
1. x 1° Perales b+7,P=o-0} 5
cosh ox a-b+2 i

+o-W
x V (a,b; 0x) + pads
— F(t.a;a—b+2; pto-a)

(Re b<(5+1)/2; Re p>|Re o|]

528 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
&.

sinh ox -p-1 [ptl, p-b+2

2: x© x
cosh ox pta-b+2

x ¥(a,b;wx) pra-br2,0re-P| =F (u+1.n-b+25

pra-o+7;2--P |
(Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(y-b)>-(5+1)/2; Re p>|Re o|])

sinh ox
3. x x Flu, (p-0) Fu, (pt0)]
cosh ox

x W(a,b;wx?) (Re p>-(341)/2; Re(u-2b)>-(7+1)/2;

Re p>|Reo|; |arg o|<3n/2])

sinh ox
4, x? x 4{u,(p-9) ¥ u,(p+o)]
cosh ox
(Re(ut+a) >(3+1 ) /2;
a
x ¥ [2.039] Re p>|Re o|; [arg o|<3n/2])

3.36.5. W(a,bsax”), the exponential and hyperbolic functions

Notation: see 3.36.2

41, (p—9) + v, (pto)]

sinh ox 2 [Re p>-(341)/2; Re(p-2b)>-(7+1)/2;
x W(a,b;0x ) Re w>0; Re p>|Re o|]
cosh ox

1 Zz
2. xHero!* x 7 lv,@-9) + v,(pt+o)]
sinh ox ¢
x ¥(a,b;~) [Re w>0; Re p> |Reo|]
cosh ox
 THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 529

3. x eho x x o!/2 19) bp Bue (2Vapzad) F

sinh ox é
x ¥ (a,b; + (p+o) eee Ke (2V¥wp+woa)]
cosh ox
[Re w>0; Re p>|Reo|}

3.36.6. W(a,b;0x*”) and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.36.1

Hr ae [pag afi(taaoe2:y
sin ox
We x
1 Peete WU a cayet
cos ox

x ¥ (a,b; wx) oe cee are [1.0.0-425

p-io21

[Re 5<(5+1)/2; Re p>|Im o|]

sin ox ga i p+1, p-b+2

Dex x 5) 1 1p x
cos ox a-b+ut+2

< ¥ (a,b; wx) a [+1 n-b+2;nra-b+2,2-LooP |s

sae [n+1,n-b+2;nra-b+2,etio—P}|
(Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re(p-b)>-(5+1)/2;
Re p>|Im o|]

sin ox
rae 4 oe at'}[u, (p+io) ¥ u, (p-io)]
cos ox
[Re p>-(3+1)/2; Re( -2b)>-(741)/2;
x W (a,b;0x?) Re p>|Im o|; jarg w|<3n/2)

sin ox -
4, x? ¥ (a,b; 21} ey (eri0)rs u, (p-io)]
cos OX
[Re(ut+a)>-(3+1)/2; Re p>|Im a];
jarg @|<3n/2)
530 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.36.7. W(a,b;ox~”) the exponential and trigonometric functions

Notation: see 3.36.1

2 7

1. xte™ x Hi}, @rion # v, (p-io)]

sin ox
x x (Re w>-(3+1)/2; Re(y-2b)>-(7+1)/2;

Sue Re 6>0; Re p>|Imc|] .

x ¥(a,b;0x")

2 p -6/x Lfi at F
<) Xae x 711 [v, (ptio) F v,(p-io)]
sin ox
x x [Re w>0; Re p>|Im o|]
cos Ox

ae [2.2:2] oO

3.36.8. Products iF (a;b;0x!¥ (a,b;-wx!"*) and the power

function

Notation:

1-6, pt+l : 2
A(6) =a 1 Tr 3 Sinan)6s
: 1+5 6,0
BON Os, Oe
Aes ee |(z4363) Fa[aurie ay Bigs) +
b-
Fer Weg =26
ed b,y+(3-b
= )/2 r{2 cos(b/2-a)n ar i+d
: bl gcos (bn42). | 3\e2q

ve b6,2+p-b/2 ra sintbiocayen Fy ; 2726 b-1,5-1,2+p-5

a b} sin(bn/2) o r x
a,b-a

2
x a3 [1
—a,a—b+1,n—-b+2;1- pi-b sas]
 THE TRICOMI CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 531

1. x! F (a,b;-w¥x) x A(0)

x VY(a,b;wV¥x) [Re u>-1; Re(2y-b)>-3; Re p>0]

2. x" F (a.b:-ax!
™) x La eet aes |e
ic el ca Keliiooiet est ate
(207) Pp

x asbsax! 2") Gt, (3z| [4]

, P) \A(k,0),

A(k,l-a) ,A(k,a-b+1)

A(k, (1-6) /2),A (k, 1-b/2),A(k,

1-5)

[Re p>-1; Re(2ky-/b)>-2k-l,

Re p>0 for /<2k; Re p,Re w>0 for

>2k; Re p,Re(pt+w)>0 for /=2k)

3.36.9. Products iF 1 (a;b;- we) ¥ (a,b;we)

1. 1 F, (a;b;-we x
2 ee:r[?|x
vi

: 2| 1—p/2,1—a,\ta=6
x W(a,b;we *) G ae
i 0, (1-6) /2,1-6/2,1-b,—p/2

(Re p>0; Re(p-b)>-1]

- on i
2. | F,(a;b;-we') X = r|?)x

2|1-a,l+a-6b,1l+p/2
x ¥ (a,b;we”) x G35 a
. p/2,0, (1-6) /2, 1-b/2,1-6

[Re w,Re p>0)

532 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.36.10. Products of ¥(a,b;0x", the power and exponential

functions

1. xtee¥™x A(1)
x ¥(b-a,b;wV¥x) X [A(S): see 3.36.8; Re y>-1;
x Y(a,b;w¥x) Re(2u-b)>-3; Re(u-b)>-2; Re p,Re o>0]

1 ay et ee
m 1/ (2k) (2k) l
2. x"exp(-wx )x i
eas
aa eh
(20) Pp
2k ,\!{|AC,-p),
XW (b-a,b;x!/™) x Morty ul (6) [5]
’ A(k,0) ,
A(k,l—-a) ,A(k,a—b+1)
x W(a,b:0x! 2)
A(k, (1-6) /2),A (k, 1-6/2) ,A(k,1-8)
[Re p>-1; Re(2ky-/b)>-2k-l; Re(kpy-lb)>-2k-l,
Re p,Re w>0]}

3.36.11. Products of ¥ (a,b;we*") and the exponential function

a-6
eX gore! Gt! ni 1—p/2,1-a,1+
1. exp(-w*)
va *\4 0, (1-0) /2,1-8/2,
x W(b-a,b;we*) x
1=5,—p/2

x ¥(a,b;we *) [Re p,Re(p-b)>-1; Re(p-2b)>-2]

Lege Gg? o 1-a,l+a-6b ,1+p/2

2 exp(-we*) x
vx 54 |p/2,0, (1-8) /2,

x W(b-a,b;we") x
1-6/2,1-6

x ¥ (a,b; we") [Re w>0]

 THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 533

3.37. THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION oF , (a,b3¢52)

To reduce functions to a form occuring in this section, one can use the
relations

OPEN
oF ,(2,65¢52)=(1
AT A er z)
ihe 2F, EPpy pete
(a,c ieee],

=(1-2) OF (c-a,c-b;c;z)

Condition: @,b# —1,-2,...

3.37.1. oF (a,b;e;—wxt!!*) and the power function

25 c,u+1,a—-p-1,b-p-1
Ie ae (a,b;c;—wx) o'r x
a,b ,c-p-1

pt+l,p-c+2;p/o
xX F, +
p-at+2 , p—b+2

Po ee c,b-a,p-at+l
Se hh ep © x
b,c-a

a,a-c+l;p/w
x 4F, .
a-b+1,a-p

c,a—b,p—b+1
aaPetr x
a,c-b

b, b-c+1;p/o
x F
1 2 lh-0F1 (bon
[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg o|<x)

(a+b-1)/2
2x xX ree [2] exp te x

eae £
tend Mea Rael Ae tice nA]
[Re c,Re p>0; |arg o|<x]
534 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3. x" oF, (-1,4;¢5- 0x) Puwtl)

prea
Fp len,u+1,a3c;— 2|
Pp

(Re p>-1; Re p>0]

1/2-c
) Ss pz: (pee
4. xft oF,(a,1-a;c;—
ox) ira rerexp($5] KelFal

[Re c,Re p>0; |arg @| <x]

[Re c,Re p>0; |arg w|<x)

gy at) /2 SP Se 5 {|
“ba-| ye
[Re p>0; |arg w|<x]

Fa
a+b-2

ET EWS 1-a-b,a-b Yo
(A)

[Re p>0; |arg w|<x]

parone pwtii2 (s ]
8. x" Fi (a,b;c;- wx! : *y aca
eEs Gl SD
wow aD ie ane a,b x

pro any
OKI, 2k A(k,0),

A(k,1-a) , A(k,1-5)

A(k,1-c)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0; arg |<z]

 THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 535

-I/k prto-epuris2
9. x F (a,b;c;-—wx ) Pap
Py | (ny kt Cl Pane ORE
SN /E2 pee r\o8

‘(F)1) A(k,1-a),
yeGhtls2k |.
2k, 2k+l A(1,p+1),A(k,0),

md
Adio
(Re(ku+la) ,Re(ky+lb)>-k; Re p>0;
arg w|<n)

3.37.2. oF (a,b30;F (x)) and algebraic functions

Ik gen~hpeti/2
nm saulctoeS
1. x' WF (a,bic;l-wx ”) (20)
2k+ (1-3) 72 wet *

sa [ipive
—a,c—aX

2k, 2k+1] kf l A(l,-p),

ole (4) A(k,0),

A(k,1-a) a
A(k,c-a-b)

[Re p>-1;Re(c-a-b+kp/)>-k/I,
Re p>0;|arg 8|<n]

pice pet hs. c- eRe

(Qn fC tees

x
L/k 0,2kel |1 fd
l A(l,-p),
x oF [2.ties1- = ) X Gohl2kt (5)
A(k,0),

A(k,c-a), ne

A(k,c-a-b)

{w,Re c,Re p>0]

536 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

x'Ge it eof IT Gc) g

Gas so

l
x Ge: Li
A(,-p),
7)oy Ea | l

leat P) \Ak,0),
A(k,c-a) ,A(k,c—b)

A(k,c-a-b)
[Re p>-1; @,Re c>0; Re(c-a-b+k/ 1)>-k/ 0

pe ee
4. ba oh(a,b;c;1-wx " ”) (2ny 2+ EHV 72 uel x

c
x r [Sapa as x
l

‘(7
2k+1, 2k A(i,1-a),
X G24 ake! Ad,u+l),
A(k,1-6)

A(k,0) , A(k,c-a-6)
[Re(ku+/la) ,Re(kp+lb)>-k,
Re p>0; arg 8|<n]

peepee! ae col na,

5. xt ox! gy ot x (anf fo 1/2 we) x

x Gor2ke! 1_(1) AG WAG,

2k+l 2k ae Py)
A(k,a), A(k,b)
A(k,a+b)

[w,Re c,Re p>0)

pie OTR LS 2 cel. “

= xX

7) ie Oa ' A(i,-p),A(k,c),
X Ge 2kfe[4]
Atk,a), A(k,b)
A(k,a+b)

[w,Re c>0; Re(kutla) ,Re(ku+lb)>-k]

 THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 537

1/2-a
7. u (wz)
we) ——— exo |
+
P™5=| x
(x+w) 7 (x+z)?
xX oF] 4,451;
ne 5H) (23)Keio]
xX (x+wtz )
(x+w) (x+z) [Re p>0; |arg w|,|arg z|<x]

fe¢=!
8... —— x @ ia ES w+z
(xin)! (ase roexp(p” 52]x
p
|e
x 2F a,c—a- 43;
041(¥2pz)
XD_4q(V2PW)D»,
x (x+wtz)
[Re c,Re p>0; |arg w|,|arg z|<x]
(x+w) (x+z)

yow
T(c)
9, ————_ x cna ub f (a,at+b—-c+l1;pw) Xx
(x+w) "(x42)"

xX 4F, |4,b3¢; x Y (b,a+b—c+1;pz)

x (x+wtz)
[Re c,Re p>0; |arg w|,|arg z|<x]
(x+w) (x+z)

xy teal 12 a+b
2 Piatbel 2) exp ol *
10. xX
(x4w) “¢x4z)? vp
x 5F : b+ ie
[a.biat 7? xXD_,(¥2pw)D,,(7 2pz)

x (x+wtz)
[Re(a+b)>-1/2; |arg w|,|arg z|<x]
(x+w) (x+z)

3.37.3. F (a,b;c;f(e
~)) and the exponential function

a,b, -—p;-@
x.
1. oF (a,b;c;—we )
Z|32 C.1—p i

—p,pta »ptb,c
+0°T
a,b,pt+c
[Re(p+a) ,Re(p+b)>0; |arg w|<n]
538 - SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

bea as tlc ¥
2. d-e "x Gant a,b

A(k,1—-a) ,A(k, 1-8)

x Gkt!2k [.
x oF, Gabe wen)
2k+l, 2k+1
A(l,p) ,A(k,0),
es
A(k,l-c)
[Re p>-1; Re(kp+la),Re(kp+lb)>0; |arg w|<x])

Se pt+l,c
3. d-e jx
(Qn) 24-244! Payee

A(k,l-a) ,A(k,1-5),
2k+1,2k k
X_F, (a,b;c;1 ~wel*/* X Goprket|© A(l,p) ,A(k,0),
eee

A(k,c-—a-b)
[Re p>-1; Re(kp+la),Re(kp+lb)>0; |arg w|<x)

4. (-e*)"x MN! a
(20) k+1-2 a,b,p+p+l x

x 9F (a,b;e;—w(e*-1)!") x Ghth tke! |ok ce

2k+l, 2k +l Ap),

A(k,1-a) , Ak, a4
A(k,0), A(k,l-c)
{Re p>-1; Re(kp+la) ,Re(kp+lb)>0; |arg w|<x]

5. (d-x)(1-e*
%)*! x ted ie od 8F,(ptatb-c+l,

x oF 1 (a,b;c;1 mero) c-b,1,c-a;c+1;1 oe 1 -e

[d,Re c>0]
 THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 539

@(x-d)(1-e *)"*x vs
l-c
x [I eee c-1 x
"17 eed (w+) P(c) x

U(d-x)/k A(l,1-p) ,Atk,c),

x Gk! [.
x Fy (a,b;c; l-e ) 2k+l,2k+
A(k,a) ,A(k,5),
A(k,at+b)

A(l,-p-p)
(d,Re c,Re(kp+la) ,Re(kp+lb)
>0)

~e blk c-l x
a ) ey 1

~Uaer sex [v: see 3.37.3.6;

x oF (a,b;c;1 age d,Re c,Re(kp+la) ,Re(kp+/b)

>0)

Cpe eel) a B(c,p+l1) Xx

@(x-d) (1-e *)"*x

xi 6K x F, (pta+b-c+p+l1,c—b,u+1,c-a,

x aoe (a,b;c;1 Set) c+p+1;1-e7,1-e”)

[Re »>-1; d,Re c>0]

pee
6(d-x)(1-e *)"x n+l
M(p+1)P(c) xX

A(,l-p) ,
x [el Oty XG
0,2k+/ ld
2k+1, 2k+1| ©

x Fi (a,b:c;1 _ el dlk A(k,1), A(k,at+b-c+1)

A(k,b-c+1) ,AC1,-p-p)
[Re p>-1; d,Re c>0]
540 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Ba hg ‘3
10. (i-e*)#

xX F, (a,b;c;1-—w(e -1)
x Wk
)
c
xT[oye ot eee x

2k+l,2k+l} k A(l,-p) , A(k,1-a),

X Grp
ree |?
f A(l,p) ,A(k,0) ,
A(k,1-5)

A(k,c-a-b)

(Re p>-1; Re(c-a-b+kp/)>-k/l;

Re(kp+la) ,Re(kp+lb)>0; |arg w|<x)

at+b-c,pt+p
it: Gize>)"x L eA Fis f
(Qa, Siseer et x

= A(l,1—p),A(k,1—a),
x oF ,(ayb;c;-w(e*-1) Sahea Ce
, Ad,n+1),A(k,0) ,
A(k,1-5)

A(k,1-c)
[Re(ku+/a) ,Re(ku+lb)>-k; Re p>0; |arg o|<x]

c-l,ptp
tx
12. (l-e 7 ey Nc
(20)

nue c
wet ari es
x oF (a,b;c;1 a(e 1) ) x rfcrelssaeeey eae x

2k+l,2k k (l,1—p),A(k,1-a),
X Gop41 , 2k+1| (intl) ,A(k,0) ,

A(k,1-5)

A(k,c-a-b)
[Re (kta) Re (ky+lb)
>-k;
Re p,Re(c-a-b+kp/ 1) >0)
 THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 541

a,b ’ fa
2% 1
13. Fy (a,b;c;-—we ~) = F
fe c,p+1
[Re p>0; |arg(1+o) |<z]

‘(@,b,p;-
14. (i-e*)"x B(p,n+1),F,
c,ptp+
oN (a,b;c;-we *) [Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg(1+o) |<x)

(e—p) Pp b-c+1,p
iSsdcero x
(ec), c-p, b-c+p+l
=a,
x oF, (-n,b;c;e ©) [Re p>0; Re(b-c)>n-1}

16. (l-e*)° |(o+e *)* x B(c,p)o'F 3(-A.G,P,b;pte;— a)

-x.
4 oF (a,b;c;we ~) [Re c,Re p>0; |arg(1-o)|,|arg(l+o) |<x]

c,p,ptc-a-b n
{7 a2 Or Ss r
p+c—a,pt+c-b
x (ate *)*x p+c—a-b;p+c—a,p+c—b;— —)
)<
x at 1 (a,b;c;e ) {Re c,Re p,Re(p+c-a-b)>0;

larg(i+o |) |<x]

paren e plete .
18. d-e)"~x Qa i el,

A(k,1—-p),
2k, 2k+1 k
<P Gicteeke > XG 2k+1, 2k+1] ©
A(k,0),
A(k,1-a) ,A(k,1-) |

A(k, l=c) ACG p—It)

[Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg(1+) |<x]

542 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

= a,b, u+1;-H
19. (l-e *)*x B(p,p+1),F,
c,p+ptl
xe (a,b;c;we *-w) [Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg(1+w) |<n]

20. (laen) a ,F (a,b;p+e;—w)

B(p,c)
x oF (a,b;c;we *-w) [Re p,Re c>0; |arg(1+) |<x]

eS. C,p;ptc—a-b
Milena r
p+c-a, p+c-b
-x
x Fy (a,b;c;1—e °) [Re c,Re p,Re(p+c-a-b)
>0)

c-1
22. (l-e"
(1-e%)") xX Fae
(any 2F=2 8 tT |[a,b ,c-a,c-b a

* A(k,1—p) ,A(k, 1-a),

x ,F (a,b;c;1-we a) ereeestes wo A(k,0) ,A(k,c—a-5),
:

A(k,1-6)

A(l,-p-p)

[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(c-a-b+kp/)>0;

larg w|<xJ

Ro eee Ciel C,p,ptc—a-b

a3, (1-2
o-e
_) tr x
p+c-a,pt+c-—b

2 1,p,p+c-a-b;1/o
x 2F , (a,b;c;1—-e zy sf | ‘
p+c-a,pt+c-b
[o>1; Re c,Re p,Re(p+c-a-b)
>0]
 THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 543

h C,p,ptc-a-b
24, (ize oT x
p+c—a,p+c—b

-,p,ptc—a-b;+1/oa
x (aFe *)* x x3
pt+c-—a,p+c-b

i =X o>
xs oF) (a,b;c;1-e ~)
Jarg sien} Re c,Re pReiore-a-b>0|
Kl

¢=1
25. (l-e *)"*'x Sse
(2n) 2k -2) n+l |a,b,c—a,c-b
4

2k, 2k+l wt A(k,-),

Xx oF,(a,b;c31-o(1 -e°) ta XG 2k+ 1,2k+l
A(k,0),

Atk,l-a) ,A(k, 1-5)

Atk,c—a-b) ,A(1 , —-p-p)

[Re p>-1; Re(c-a-b+ky/)>-k/I; Re p>0;

arg o|<n)

1 di-c-a), d ,.c
26. 6(d-x) X ae (e alex

Stl renye x F,(p-at1,c-b,1,a;c+151 ene 1 mes)

d-x
x 2) (a,b;c;1-e ~) {d,Re c>0]
544 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

ak Sea Dc ¥
ah. dae
i" x (any "= 1? a,b

A(k,-p),
2k, 2k+1 k
x F(a, b;c;-(1Sen) ih, XG 2k+l ,2k+l ad
A(k,0),

A(k,1-a) ,A(k, 1-5)

A(k,1—-c),A(,-—p-p)
(Re p>-1; Re p>0;|arg(1+@) |<z]

c,p,ptc—a-b
72 OR a r x
p+c-a,pt+c-b
haar
x exp(—de*) x x 4F
2
pt+c-a,pt+c—b
=x
x oF (a,b;c;1-e ") [Re c,Re p,Re(p+c-a-5)>0)

29. 8(x-d)(1-e *)"x

l-c¢
x [I EA Giahe c-l _k
areal T(u+lP(c) X

x G2k!
ile |.
A(l,1-p),
x oF (a,b;c51 SEAMEN 2k+1, 2k+L
Atk,0) ,

A(k,c-a) , A(k,c-5b)

A(k,c—a—6) , A(l,-p-p)

[d,Re c,Re p,Re(c-a-b+kp/1)>0)

30, isen x eu,

pd

een 5g lv: see 3.37.3.31;

x oF (a,b3c31 aati d,Re c,Re p,Re(c-a-b+kp/l)>0)

 THE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 545

l-c
31. 8(d-x)(1-e *)"*x yet i T(u+1)T(c) X

A(l,1-p),
xd —lx-@/ke-l x 0,2k+1 elf
X Gopal 2kel A(k,l-c),

X oF|(a,b3c31 weeks
A(k,l-a) , A(k,1-b) |
A(k,1—a—6) , A(1, —p-p)
[Re p>-1; d,Re c>0]

Seep Ceci ie) Bic,p+1) x

32. 6(d-x)(1-e *)"*x

Silat tee x F,(p-atp+lc—b,pt l,ajc+p+l1;

d-x.
x 2) (a,b;c;1-e ~) penta
[Re p>-1; Re p>0]

a,b,p,ptl; w/4
33, (i-e ex Bip,u+l)
,F,
c,(pt+ut+1)/2,(p+p)/2+1
a (a,b;c;we *-we 2”) (Re p>-1; Re p>0]

34. (l-e*)"x

girtae [4|AGl-a,AGh
1b),
x oF|(a,b;c;-
(1-e*) aay Gop 41, 2k+1| © Atk, 1+p),A(k,0) ,

A(l,l+pt+p)

A(k,l-c)

(Re (kuy+/a) ,Re(kp+/b) >-k;

Re p>0;|arg |<x}
546 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

k c-1 rps |»
35. (lem) (Qn) 24-27? a,b,c—a,c—b

akel.2k k A(k,1-a),A(k,1—6),
Ks (a,b;c; X Goer , rest] © A(k,p+1),A(k,0) ,

A(1,1+p+p)
loodeean)
A(k,c-a-b)
[Re (kp+tla) ,Re(kp+lb)>-k; Re p>0;
jarg @| <x]

3.38. THE GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION

ink.((4,,)3 (0,)5 2)

3.38.1. : welll
ae n& Gy) S (6) 50x >) and the power function

Notation: (a,,) = a,,4, eeagttes

eae (12 n
= D2|.D.,.20:50.3
eyaaa

Atk,1-(a,,)) = A(k,1-a,) yee, ACK, 1 -a,) 3

A(k,1-(b,)) = Atk, 1-5). Atk 1-5)

1. x! # F ((a,,)3(6,);-0x)
: . Fip+l) * 3 ee (a,)5 se]
Pp
p+ m+l on
(6)
[m+n 40; Claes j=1,2,...,.m; any of the

following three groups of conditions holds:

1) m=n>0; Re p>-1; Re w20; Re p>0;

2) m=n>0; Re p>-1; Re p>0; x/2<|arg o|<3n/2
and for k=l=1, the conditions 1°,2°: see 3.38.1.28
3) msn-1;, Re p>-1; Re p>0; © is arbitrary]
 THE GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 547

fs ibe Bisvnd, [ntl oy

26% noi 6 Gry p> G,)5- OX) p Tr Y( x
Byrn di
rea Ste Pee
ass j
BY - a 4..45b a,
nj

a, ab, +1, 19-8 +1;

n+l n+l

ie1D yu350 Pia tiigaesn

by ~p-l,..,5 -w-1 9) p00 n+l

u+1,p—b,+2,. : bb +2;p/o
n+l n+l
w-a,+2,. S GSCR n+1
ory

PPO ies j=1,2,...,m; Re p>-1; Re p>0;

larg o|<x)

-k, ) pt+l, ? (a )
3. x" F (-k,(a,,_,)5 Poth Fy rm
=

p (6); —wp
(6); Ox) [Re p>-1; Re p>0; w is arbitrary)

c- T(c)P(d) fe
AnX fogs OX) C21) 72 eT ai Pls)
o p
[Re c,Re p>0]

Tc) [p/(4w)] V2 inQVol a

I+7,d;-os|
~! Al 2 p* cos(2Vw/p)
[Re c,Re p>0]
548 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

6ux NE (1;c,d;wx) (d- rice cee y G 1 |

le?

[Re c,Re p>0]

Ws, 3
c-l 5
PF, (—nie,d;— 0x)
i st! rer pS 1a
(d) P
[Re c,Re p>0]

Pror(ar5| w!/2-a,a-e-1/2 .
8. xo! Fi (a;c,2a;0x)

Ww w
ZEEP ($5Ls alte}
[Re c,Re p>0)

[Re c,Re p,Re(p-w)>0]

fa a,at+1/2; 0x 224 a—c . 2a+1/2,c 9 ([2)

10. x Fo
2a+1/2,¢ ¥nw? 2a captA
[Re c,Re p,Re(p-w) >0)

mt a.OX
c-1 ot? nT SES
Lee (c)B(n,a-n)
PAE Ee ,(a-n)/2 1eee SB
20
ll. x A |
A n p
c,(at+l—-n) /2
(Re c,Re p>0]

—n,b;wx
12..x°) As nifi(c) p(d-1,b-d-n) ( 2a}
Cae
Sure. se)
(d) Pp
[Re c,Re p>0]

Ri —n,nt+1;wx
13. x > P(e) p [1-22]
p° n p
1,d
[Re c,Re p>0]
 THE GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 549

vraeek: —n,nt+(1t1)/2; wx Tc) sin[{(2n+1)q]/[(Qn+1)Q]

ae L=1/ 2. c p° cos 2n

[p-arcsin’w / p; Rec,Re p>0)

u+l,a_/2,...,a_/2,
eo YF nA) ; ,) ;-wvx) mt * 2m+1 2n+1 ; -
Dis LY 2:b:f2a0,B. 12;
(a,+1)/2,...(4,+1/2; 4" lw?/p
(b,+1)/2y...(6,
+1)/2
~1
_ of (u+3/2) fla
pers [22 fle

+3,(,+1)/2,..,(a,,+1)/2,
x la
2m+1 2n+1 pion
(6, +1)/2,

a,/2+1,....4, /2+1; ae
b /2+1,...,6,/2+1,

[m+n40; @ 40,-1,-2,..., j=1,2,...,m; m<n;

ff
Re p>-1; Re p>0; w is arbitrary)

a Dye. 2
mM 2 jaa 2,2n+3 w
16. x" x +1 |A, . jase
geeeyOy
1 n

Xpetn’Gneps,
n+l on
sO) —p, (1-a,)/2,...,(l-a@
n+1 W2s

OF 1/2, (1-5,)/2,... ’ (1-5, )/2,

1-a,/2,...,1-a n+l
|

1-5 ,/2,...,1-5 /2
n
[2 (a-b)+a -1; a 40,-1,-2,...,
es ijn mint /

j=1,2,...,.2+1; Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg oa]

550 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

riwkL) . p/2+1,(u+1)/2,
17. x" B F((a,)3(b,);-
2 ts Ox)32
p+l m+2 n
p Byres,
2
Gy 5-04, 3-40/P

[m+n0; @ #0,-1,-2 ihr j=1,2,...,m; any of

the following two groups of conditions holds:

1) m=n-1; Re p>-1; ,Re p>0;

2) m<n-1; Re p>-1; Re p>0; ow is arbitrary]

m be eran
18. x" n+l F on (a n+l
); (6) -= x?)
n+i

—p/2,(1-p)/2, a
p 0,1-5,, Ae, 1-6,

[m+n0; Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg w|<x)

IPCRENIE CG) rh)

19: bxtae: [-.c+3.d;-ox"] ya ee

[Re c,Re p>0]

¥n0(d)T (2c) d-2c-1/2..,

gd tll 2k 2a- Ly 4

kg +x? Rear
x v4
3/2,c,c+1/2,d Hy3/2(4¥@/p)
[Re c,Re p>0]

Nic) T(e/2+1/2) 20
ehTe exo(- 29]x
20
Xleena( 23]
p
[Re c,Re p>0]

T (2c) pe" (p?+.4w)

{w,Re c,Re p>0}
 THE GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 551

23. eee J 2| 1,4,b3e, Tae) arth A,r 2 1-a-b,a-b

a
vo

1 2
c+a3— wx [Re c,Re p>0; |arg w|<n]

2-1, (495 (1-a-b)/2_a+b-2c-1

{atb,

(a+b) /2,(a+b+1) /2;-wx?

ip
c,e+1/2 <W i e/aimnial x

x WwW eet 7 (-i)

(1-a-6) /2,(a-b)/2 Ve
[Re c,Re p>0}

ear Se a wl ar eet arent

Eee |x
e-1/2,¢, 8p Voll6i¥o(a-1) (1-5)

;
e-b;-wx? efeee p ee 3
c+1/2 2Vo0 2V@

=e ta |p #2, p }}
2Vo. 2Vo
[e=1 or 2; Rec,Re p>0; |arg w|<x]

26. x! x (3c)
0?“(p?- 270)4
Ie -wx?
x 3 [w,Re c,Re p>0]
c,ct+1/2,c+2/3

a RY i p+1/2

27. x nas (4,,)5(6,); (vin) 1+(k-1) (m-n+1) Puy 1 x

efi ea, area

l/k
ae is Sees :
Ayy-+ +54),

<( A(l,-p), A(k,1-(@,))

Ak,0)., ACI-(,))
552 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

m+n0; a ¥0,-1,-2,...,j21,2,...22; any of the following nine groups of

/
conditions holds:

1) men+1; Re p>-1; Re p>0, |arg o|<x;

2) m=n>0; k>l; Re p>-1; Re p>0; w is arbitrary;
3) m=n>0; Re p>-1; Re w20; Re p>0; Ste
4) m=n>0; kel; Re w>-1; Re p>0; n/2<|arg w|<3n/2; 1,2 (for men);
5) m=n-1; Re p>-1; w,Re p>0; ALR
6) me=n-1; 2k=l; Re p>-1; Re p>0; O<|jargw|<2n; 1,2
(for m=n-1);
7) m=n-1; 2k>l; Re p>-1; Re p>0; w is arbitrary;
8) m<n-1; k(n-m+1)>l,; Re p>-1; Re p>0; w is arbitrary;
9) m<n-1; k(n-m+1)=l; Re p>-1; Re p>0; larg o|<2n; 1,2;

1°: If [-k(n-m+1), then larg(1-z (op™™')")|<a, where

zn(n-m+1y em and for Re(u+v)<-1/2 the following value
should hold (pra yar.
2°: Any of the following three conditions holds:
0 >0;
c

24-0, A 40, Re(ut+v)<1/2;

c s

A=’ =O, Re(utv)<-1/2;

c s

VU dnemt) Jargo|+(n-m)ax
where A =(n-m+1)|o| +|p|cos(arg p),
c n-m+1

aes iizniel) Loren a san (arg ee Jargwo|+(n-m) a1

+|p|sin(arg p),
5 n-m+1

if arg p arg w 40;

if arg p-0, arg w#0, then A=A'A,

s ss

if arg p¥0, argw-0, then A=2'A,

s ss

if arg p=argw=0, then A=A’ 2,

s s s

wherehere A=s =lim

lim.
argp>to
4,s ’ Avelim.
= lim
s argwto
A,s ’ Avs =lim
=lim, 4
argw->+0 s

28. x" mon

F [am by:
n
a
x
P (p+) 7
p+
Xx

poe »b,,1+pta,, : -ltpta,

a, rer Q,sltptd, shea lt+p+d

 THE GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 553

I+pta, es wltpta,; wp
F
etal poe I+p+b,,..,1+nt+d,
Seas j=1,2,...,m; any of the following four groups of

conditions holds: j
1) men+l,; Re(u+a)>-I, jn1,2,....n+1; Re p>0; |arg o|<x;

2) me=n; Re(uta)>-1, j=1,2,...,2; Re w,Re p>0;

n
3) men, Re(uta)>-1, j=1,2,...,05 re[u2,0-2)| >-2; Re p>0; larg o|=n/2;

n=
4) men-1; Re(nta)>-I, j=1,2,...,n-1; are (aux3, (,-apo0 }>-s w,Re >|
= na

Rs Kh, Q, 5.0032 3OP

29. 7 x x'x p+l om ntl] _ b b
p bd) Ct as)

ae ACHAT 4 [Re p>k-1; Re p>0, © is arbitrary)

v,ptl/2
p a, me ie. SY ARR ees
30. x" X (VER) Ph CR= 1) (mans) =1 wet”
5 eenallhhe
Xn n ( (a, z (6) (Tass ) b b
Nes ee ai (1 +l,km m-n-1_ \k
nee r imkneket | |)
ices eee

fey A(k,1-(a,))

A(1,+1), Ak,0), AU-@))

[meno a 40,-1,-2,...; j=1,2,...,2; any of the following four groups
/
of ccnditions holds:

1) m=n+1; Re(kp+la)>-k, j=1,2,...,.2+1; Re p>0; |arg w|<x,

j
2) m=n; Re(kutla)>-k, j=1,2,...,.n, Re w,Re p>0;
g n
3) m=n, Re(kutla)>-k, j=1,2,...,; Re [znsi2,-0)| >-k-l; Re p>0;

jarg w|=n/2;

4) m=n-1; Re(kn+la)>-k, jrl,2,....n-1;

n-1
Re [2 fed ohed >-2k-1/2; w,Re os)
554 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

= e .
3.38.2. F((a)3(b,);f(e -)) and the exponential function

Notation: (a,),,) »v,A(k,1-(a,)),A(k,1-(,)):see 3.38.1

-Xx,
ect, » (2); —@
1. mt n& Gn) 6,)3— We )
p m+1 n+l p+l, (,)

[Re p>0; |arg(l+w)|<x for m=n+1]

(a), Pp; .@
2. d-e Dex BORD nF net
(6) ptptl
=X
x F ((a,,)3(6);—we ) [Re p>-1; Re p>0; |jarg(l-o)|<n for me=n+1]
mon

PRN

3. (l-e
-X)) mm n6 Gms
aN. = 1) (m = n+l) x
(2n) °* /2)p+1
| (b);-we */*)

w+1,b,,...,5, ot
| eA a We
Ai 526-58, ,

x Plas band
A(1,1-p) ,A(k, 1-(a,))
Atk), A(k,1-(5,)),

ae |
= #0,-1,-2,...,/=1,2,...,7; Re p>-1; Re p>0;
jarg(1+@)|<nx for m=n+1]

x. 1 —P, Greens —-o@

4. poFa.( (a, : (6) s—-we )
Dp mek net t
1-p,b,,...55,,

deal Re + +10, +D,b,, al

5 +D,..,5,+p,a, see
m

any of the following four groups of conditions holds:

1) me=n+1; |arg o|<n;
2) m=n; Re 00;

7
3) m=n; Re pt 2 (b-a)>-I; larg o|=n/2;
n-l
4) m=n-1; @>0; Re] 2p+ > (b-a)+b
j=l eee
 THE GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION

=x, : ge
5. (l-e°) we ans (De) Re se DOE

(b,);-we*/*)
ele
xr x
(en 1 eee iem

+1l,km m-n-1 .k
Aches nak(k @)

Atk,I-(a,)), AU, 1+p+p)

A(l,p), Atk,0), A(k,1 |

[a20-12. jxl,2,...,0; Retkpria )>0; j=1,2,....m

any of the following four groups of conditions holds:

1) m=n+1; Re p>-1; |arg w|<n;

2) m=n;, Re p>-1; Re w>0;

n
3) m=n; Re p>-1; Re [boot) (5 -a |>-l; larg o|=n/2;
j=l id
n=)
4) m=n-1; Re p>-1; w>0; Re |aknot) (bA >]
j=l

a (a_)3; @
6. (l-e a) mon
F ((a, > B(p,u+1) m+1 Pre) p+utl, (6)

6, );-w(l-e ney [Re p>-1; Re p>0; |arg(1-w)|<n for m=n+1]

kk”
ph pa: oe ee ae ees 2
qe = *) MCS 5 (aq) (EoD eee 2
-x 11k
(b pod =i}

ky kme+l m-n- aa .
KG mst Aap

A(1,-p) ,A(k,1-(@_)) |
A(k,0), Atk,1-(6,)),A@,—p-w)
[Re u>-1; Re p>0; |arg(1+)|<x for men+1)
556 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

v
-x a
8. (l-e yak tan) (any (E71) (man) ID

(b);-a(-e*) 4
Dees
«| : "x
Aye Ay

x Gf"l,km [erro
m+l,kn+k+l

Atk,1-(a,)), AC, 1+p+p)

A(1,1+p) ’ A(k,0) ’ A(k,1-(6))

a £0,-1,-2,...; j=l,2,...,2; Re(kyutla )>-k, j=l,2,...,0;

/
any of the following four groups of conditions holds:
1) m=n+1; Re p>0; |arg w]<n;
2) men; Re p>0; Re w>0;
n

3) men; Re p>0; Re [inet -0)]>-k-l,; jarg @|=n/2;

n-1
4) m=n-1; @,Re p>0; Re [2met,3 1 (o-a)+b |>-l/ 2-24

prypete
9. (l-e Seq °)"in F ((a,);: Cay ee
x
mon

(b);-(e*-1)//4
xr
Lees
1
Stat n x

ptptl,a.,...,@

x Gt L,km+l [erro
km+l,kn+k-+l

A(,-»), A(k,1-(@,))
Ad,p), A(k,0) , rare
[2x02 j=l,2,....M; p+pA%—1,-2,-3,...,5 Re(kpt+la)>0, j=1,2,...,2;
j
Re p>-1; any of the following four groups of conditions holds:
1) mentl;, larg @|<x;
2) men; Re w>0;
n
3)~ men; Re [sow 1 -a)| >-l; |arg w|=n/2;

n-1
4) m=n-1; >0; Re ast 2,
“1°, -arvi ‘ |>-/2
 THE GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTION 557

Jee ; Sa
3 Ot ager aE any E71) (mana 24 tad x
(,);-w(e*-1)'/5

x Gkt L,km+1 [erret

km+l,kn+k-+l

Ad,1-p), Atk,1-(a,))
Ad,u+1), Mk,0), —A(k,1-(6))
poses

Re p>0; any of the following four groups of conditions holds:

1) me=n+1; |arg w|<n;
2) m=n; Re o>0;
n
3) m=n; Re[auviZ,-a)] >-k-l, |arg o|=n/2;

n-1
4) m=n-k, w>0; Re [pinsi 2,
=1 ; -ayei : ]>-2t-172]

z (l-pt+y)
I. (l-e *)*x 1 Beene
G fs PSP -Y> i)
AP Oe 2e ‘) x X mer ner ‘a
(6), ptwtntl, p-y-n
=x
x mk n {Gy 3(,) 50€ ) [Re u>-1; Re p>0]

3.38.3. mk n& G+ 1 ©,)+ [x1 50) and various functions

Notation: (a, )+[x]= 4,+[*],@,+[],...4,,+ 0]

oO [x] l= -p
1. Txlt x f exp(oe -) X

; : ; = ai
X mF gO, _)56,)50) X Pn Gy), owe *)

[Re p>0]
558 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

Go [x] (a) [x] l-e =9 age fhe

a TE ee Dah ee
. . ow
Dad aia [x] ,(a,,_1)3(6,);) X Fg (GPO) Ee

[Re p>in|o|]}

x)
(a) [exe ie =p re Ne
3. 7 {xj ee ele d-ces)® xX

° ° pee

(a m- 3 6,30) X by (Gp) 3C0,)5 a

[m<n+1; Re p>in|o|; |arg(1-o)
|<x for m=n+1]

(1-5) x] I=€ =) Sn PLo-k

4. [x]! me nn? a ae oe) x

5 5 —p.
b-[x]; (6 1 );@) X nk n6 Gin);b,(6,, ‘p? w-owe *)
[m<ntl; Re oetalah jarg(1-@)
|<x for m=n+1]

ce (a _-)+[x] +353 (a) in

5: aaah m x ice r Ue “Fn (yy)30,)3 @tacn)
"Lo)+be P (b,)
XK n{4,,)* 21; @,)+ [x] 50) [m<n+1; Re p>In|o/w]; Jarg(i-w)
|<a
for m=n+1]

k _,7P J
6. O(k+1-x) oy 1= 8 aioe yx
[x] P
-—p
5 fe se , owe
Zs EA [x],@,,_)3,)50) ahah
k, an-1ps (6,5 5|
l+oe

3.39. THE MacROBERT E-FUNCTION E(u;a 30; :2)

The Laplace transforms of the E-functions can be obtained from the

Section 3.38 using the relation
 THE MEIJER G-FUNCTION 559

aye e u | % q.. -l
E(u;a_:v;b.:2) = | uf 64); ze)
By ye5d,,

{u<v; |z|>0] or [u=v+1; |z]>1)

, ea ae,
s (a) ~4y, ay pone a,,l+a,-(b)5¢ Ll) tz
1 v+1 u-1
b -a,, +095 a
k
It+a,-(a)
[u>v+1; |z|<oo}] or [u=v+l; |z|>1],

where the prime © means that the term aya, is dropped, or from the
Section 3.40 using the relation

ily, ‘|
E(u;a_:v;b :z) = Gy Zz
aw AY v+1,u (a )

(a )
3.40. THE MEIJER G-FUNCTION oe :
(b Vv )

3.40.1. G-function.and the power function

v u

Notation: A= ) 38.- aa |
par eepal?

(a ) phypeti/2 m,kn+l
CUS Th 286 Ch 19) p+1 kut+l,kv
(2) p

x wo
[Peed
l
A(1,-p), eked
k
ke aie)
p Ak, (b,))
[4-2 21.2... i=1,2,...,n, j=l,2,...,m; Re(kutlb)>-k, j=1,2,...,m;
u /
any of the following ten groups of conditions’ holds:

1) c=0; u=v; w>0; Re p>0; Re Ax<1;_

2) c>0; u>v; Re p>0; 2Re[k(u-v)p-lA]>2k(v-u)—-3/; |arg w| =cn;

3) c>0; u<v; Re p>0; |arg w|=cn;

560 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

4) k(v-u)>l,; Re p>0; w is arbitrary;

5) c>0; m>0; n=O; k(v-u)<l; |arg@|<cn; p is arbitrary;

6) c>0; Re p>0; |arg w|<cn;

7) c<0O; m+n>u; k(v-u)=l; Re p>0; |arg w|<(m+n-utl)x; 1°.2":

8) c>0; u=v-1; k=l; Re p>0; cn<|larg w|<(c+1)n; 1°.2°.
1°
9) c>0; u<v-1; k(v-u)=l; Re p>0; cn<jarg w|<(m+n-u+l)x; 2°;
0.0
10) c>0; m>0; n=O; k(v-u)=l; n/2<|arg p|<3n/2; |arg @l<cn; 1 ,2
l
1°. If 2ke<l, then larg(l-z pw) |<a, where «(7) exp [-
[5] n| and

for Re(A+p)<-1/2 the following value can hold: po =z,

ne Any of the following three groups of conditions holds:

A >0;
¢

A=O0, A 40, Re(p+A)<1/2;

c s

A=’ =0, Re(u+a)<-1/2,

c s

where A =Re p- fio sin arg @|-cn),

c

A =Im p+ Fo cgntarg w)cos (arg @|-cn); here sgn o-|

3.40.2. G-function and the exponential function

Notation: see 3.40.1

m
_x| 4) m,nt+l
1-p,(a,)
1. .G" loe
(6) u+l,u+l
(by), =P
uv

la-b 41,2... i=1,2,...,., j=1,2,...,m3 Re(p+b )>0, j=l,2,...,m;

any of the following five groups of conditions holds:

1) c>0; |arg @|<cnx;

2) c=0; u=v; Re A<l; w>0;

3) c20; u>v; 2Re[(u-v)p-A]>-3; |arg w|=cn;

4) c>0; u<v; larg w|=cn;

5) c<O; m+n>u; © is arbitrary]

m0
f (a) ptb,,...,p+,,
De Ca
(b,) Pta),...P+a,,
n
[m.Re X (a-b)>0; Re(p+b),...,.Re(p+b 0]
ET, l m
 THE MEIJER G-FUNCTION 561

3. "|| (a)

(6)
kool p-a,+1,...,.p—a_+1

p-b,+1,...,p-b +1

[mo Red (a-b)>0; Reo-a)>-1]

Oak Sy J

a
on k TV (pt+l) m,kn+l k
hol Be ee re ee

“Gm we /é (a) . 1 AU,l—p)y A(k,(a))

al (b,) pe ae Baye hse)

ed ak 2 oe i=1,2,...,2, j=1,2,...,.m; Re(kptlb)>0, j=1,2,...,m;
j
any of the following six groups of conditions holds:

1) c>0; Re p>-l; larg o|<cn;

2) c=0; u=v;.Re p>-1; Re A<1l; w>0, wo];

3) c=0; u=v; Re(A-p)<1l; w=1;

4) c20; u>v; Re p>-1; 2Re[k(u-v)p-lA]>-3/; |arg w|=cn;

5) c20; u<v; Re p>-l; |arg w| <cn;

6) c<O; m+n>u, Re p>-1; w is arbitrary)

nr
pty lt kel Gp) m,kn+l k
S. ioe x Fe eG see fe nl

mn -x, l/k (a u ). 1 XCEL)

? 3 Kn
er yy
KG y w(l-e °)
(,) x
k k(v-u)
Ak,(b)), MU,-p-w
[a-b #1,2,..., i=1,2,....2, jol,2,...,M; Retkurl? }>-k, f=l,2,...,M5
if

any of the following six groups of conditions holds:

1) c>0O; Re p>0; |arg w|<cn;

2) c=0; u=v; Re p>0; Re Axl; w>0, oH];

3) c=0; u=v; Re(p-A)>0; w=];

4) c>0; u>v; Re p>0; 2Re[k(u-v)p-lA] >-3/-2k(u-v); |arg w|=cn;

5) c>0; u<v; Re p>0; |arg w| <cn;

6) c<0; m+n >u; Re p>0; w is arbitrary)

562 - SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

A,p+pD =
exw kl LT (ptptl) pkmelkntl) k
6. ek x hacen es
GP shipal|

(a) . Ad;1l-p), Atk,(a@ ))

x -I/k
ota -l) (b ) k k
(v-u)
= . |
v

ie ae i=],2,....”, j=1,2,....2; p+ 4-1,-2,-3,...3

Rept 208 j=1,2,...,m; Re(ky-la)>-k-l, i=1,2,...,n;

any of the following four groups of conditions holds:

1) c>O; |arg w|<cn;

2) c=0; u=v, w>0; Re A<1;

3) c>0; u>v; |argw|=cn; 2Re[k(u-v)p-lA]

>-3l;

4) c>0; u<v; jargw|=cn; 2Re[k(u-v)

p+lA] <3/+2k(v-u)}

3.40.3. G-function with [x] in parameters

[x] =1z
(oJ 1- -p,-b
1. Tx)!* ore P) x

ols (a): | xe" era}(a )

b+[x],(6,_,) 6)

[m2>1; Re p>In|o|; |arg w|<cn]

2. 2 ee phe!
Lx x D (i=celomiax

orfo ¢ [x],(a,_) Ge w 7 a,(a,_,)

(6) l-oe ? (b,)

[n>1; Re p>injo|; |arg w[<cn]

Les
3. Tx] rx pat. ace ee

ole (a,_,),a-[] Ge (a) (a, 4

(6 ,) l+oe5” (6)

{u-n>1; Re p>'n|o|; |arg w|<cn]

 THE MEIJER G-FUNCTION 563

[ex =f)
Oo l-e -p.-b
4. [x]! x way oH(Uisrare “yw S<

(a ) (a )
cia) xa" (+oe a!”
(6) ,b+ [x] (b,_1)5b

[v-m21; Re p>in|o|; |arg w|<cx]

3.40.4. Products of G-—functions

Ss

Notation: see 3.40.1; gas

(c_) X,>-@
O| -x]‘"s eel km, kn+l k
1. G.le (d) a (20) Ta tne ol

| (a ) AC 1—p—@_)) ACK,(a ))
on" ah Ix/k| ~~u x 1 + s u
(6) k Atk,(b )), Ad, 1-p-(c .))

bere Al 25 (dol epBecotls,WC) UpRecentte Re(kp+kd +lb )>0, del G2 ese gSe
j
j=1,2,...,m; any of the following six groups of conditions holds:

1) c>0; Re e>0; larg w|<cn;

2) c=0; u=v; Re e>0; Re d<l; o>0, o#!1;

3) c=0; u=v; Re(e5A)>0; w=l;

4) c>0; u>v; Re o>0; |arg w|=cn; Re[k(u-v) (p+d )-1h] >-31/2, i=1,2,.<55

5) c>0; u<v; Re e>0; larg w|=cn;

6) c<0O; m+nSu; Re o>0; w is arbitrary]

Of] (c)
ct A,-@
Kamae km, kn+It k
Ze e x eee wo xX
tt (d) an) ku+lt,kv+lt

Gr" -lx/k ou x 1 A(l,(c,)—-P) Atk, (a,))

x uv =
(,) k!k(v-u) Atk, (,)) ACL, (d,)-p)
{a-b £1,2,..., i=1,2,...,n, j=1,2,...,m; Retkp-ke+lb)>-k, i=l
De cack
ties

j=1,2,...,m; any of the following six groups of conditions holds:

564 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

1) c>O; Re e>0; larg w|<cn;

2) c=0; u=v; Ree>0; Re Axl; w>0, ol;

3) c=0; u=v; Re(e-A)>0; w=;

4) c>0; u>v; Re e>0; larg w|=cn; Re[k(u-v) (p-c)-lA] >-31/2-k(u-v),

i=1,2,...565

5) c>0; u<v; Re e@>0; |arg w|=cn;

6) c<O; m+n >u; Re e>0; w is arbitrary]

3.41. THE THETA-FUNCTIONS 8.(z,9), 8.(z,9)

3.41.1. 8 (aVx,q), 8.v,e *)

al[x |@ -a’/
1. 6,(avx,q) 5 5 [a 8sae |
x=0
2
[Re a,Re g,Re(ge”’”)>0]

1 ay
2. —6(avx a a/p
JZ8(0,ge )
vx j4 x9)
2

[j=2,3,4] [Re a,Re g,Re(ge”’”)>0]

3. 8, (v,e *) aus inh(2vVpv)

¥pcosh(vpn)
[-n/2<v<n/2; Re p>0]

4. 8,064) ns inh[2v¥p(n-2v) ]
¥pcosh(vpn)
[0<v<n; Re p>0]

5. 8,(v,e°) ncosh{V¥p(n-2v) ]
Ypsinh(v¥pn)
[(0<v<n; Re p>0]
 THE THETA-FUNCTIONS 565

x ncosh(2vpv)
6. 8,(,e )
¥Ypsinh(vpn)
[-n/2<v<n/2; Re p>0]

(= 1 ) io
=X,
We 8, (nn,e ) tanh(V px)
Vp
[Re p>0]}

ane
8. 8,(nn,e ) — coth(/pn)
Vp
{Re p>0}

Os
9. 8, (nn,e ) — csch(V pn)
Vp
[Re p>0]

3.41.2. 6.(v,ax)

1 cosh(2vv¥p/a)
ile 8,(v,ax)
vap coshvp/a
(-1/2<v<1/2; Re p>0]

1 cosh{(1-2v)V¥p/a]
Ze 8, (v,ax)
vap coshvp/a
[O<v<I; Re p>0]

1 sinh[(1-2v)v¥p/a]
3: 8, (v,ax)
Yap sinhv¥p/a
[O<v<l; Re p>0]

__1_ sinh(2vv¥p/a)
4. 6 ghar)
vap sinhvVp/a
[-1/2<v<1/2; Re p>0]
566 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.42. THE FUNCTIONS v(z), v(z,o), (z,A), w(z,A,Q), A(z,Q)

m/2
3.42.1. v(ax vile), the power and exponential functions

oo|
1. v(ax) 1f,2
? (in4

(Re p>a>0]

1 n -k-1
2. x"v (ax) ma, y bk! (in
z|
p k=0
n
k
[rep>a>0; (stl) =,290,s

2
1 fa
Se Ve v(avx) 2] Vv (Fe

{a,Re p>0}

v(ax) Ef c[r+11- 2)a

0
[a,Re p>0]

ore dt
5. vie”) (att+p)Ir (ttl)
0
[a,Re p>0]

6. vUl-ese) +r(2}o(1.2]
a la a
[a,Re p>0]

m/2
3.42.2. v(ax"”“,o), ve ”,e) and the power function

Q al |
1. v(ax,Q) a (in|
p
[Re e>-1; Re p>a>0]}
 THE FUNCTIONS v(z), v(z,o), (z,A), A(z,o) 567

2. x! a® n Pp —k=1
- X V(ax,0) aa? mae [in4

n
k
[ern 296 ; Re o>-l; Re poo

2
3. viaVx,0) — : aes o54)
)
[Re 9>-1; a,Re p>0]

4. ae
oe Dano
2]Salem 3

[Re e>-1; a,Re p>0]

-ax dt
oe BAe Q) Cap) intl)
0
[Re e>-1; a,Re(p+e)>0)

eo ™— ,e)
6. v(l-e 1y{e2 P +0|
. r{2)»[1.2
[Re e>-1; a,Re p>0)

3.42.3. ee Oh and the power function

-A-1
eae lL) Pp
1. wlax,A) ae (ina

[Re A>-1; Re p>a>0]

e 1 n Pp -k-i-1
2. x w(ax,A) 7 a as [ine)

n
[oer Sob Re A>-1; Re poo|

3. —| wiavx,d)
be! vr py ’ ae p wh & a}
4p’

[Re A>-1; a,Re p>0]

568 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

3.42.4. pw(avVx,A,Q), u(l-e “*,4,9) and the power function

1. a1 w(avx,m,2n) 2 m|[2
x a
u(Foom]

, [a,Re p>0]

2. p(l-e ~ax
— ,m,Q) 1Ir(e2
- r(2) u{t.m,B7 +9|

[Re e>-1; a,Re p>0]

3.42.5. A(ax',o) and the power function

vna
Tp (MaVap,2¢+1) - n(2Vap,1))
[o,a,Re p>0]

a 1 [nx
{2.0} 7/2 A(2V a p,20e)

[e,a,Re p>0)

3.43. THE CONFLUENT HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF TWO

VARIABLES

3.43.1. The confluent hypergeometric functions and the power function

1. x" (a,b; c; €,0x) JN ro ) Es [a.b,u+1; Cc; 62)

P
[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-w)>0]

Ik. xO, (6,05; c; 6x,w) P(y+t) = [28° n+: ro Le

p ptt 1 Dp

[Re w>-1; Re p,Re(p-%)>0]

3. xO, (6,0; c; &x,wx) MG ee F [u+1.0,0% ce a8

p p+ 1 DP
[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-%) ,Re(p-w)>0]
 THE HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES 569

4. x1, (6,8; c; x,wx) te) (p-t) (p-w) ?

p
[Re c,Re p,Re(p-%) ,Re(p-®)
>0)

5. x",(6;c; €,0x) Tne ® y[bu+15 6: 4

P
[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-w)>0)

6. x", (6; c; &x,0) Titi) s= »{wt,b; c; s0]

)
[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-%)>0]

th x'@, (6;c; Gx,wx) r¢ roa ) @ i{uet,Bac. 4

Pp
[Re u>-1; Re p,Re(p-%)>0)

8. x° 1,(6;c; tx,0x) ECey (pty Peo

2 ae

p*
[Re c,Re p,Re(p-%)
>0]

P(utl) = fptl _.. 40

9. x85(b;6; 6,0") peas zl ema ace¢;“)
[Re p>1/2; Re p>2|ReV¥u|]

, , ®
10. xB (a,b; c,c; €,0x) rs oa F, [adn CC 5 a
p
[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p—w)>0]

ss ptl
p -

[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-t)>0)

-c-1 ~ ;
12. x(a; c,c’; &x,w) Tict+l)p" © (p-b) oe [ase’s 52
[Re c>-1; Re p,Re(p-%)>0]
570 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS

13. eile a ( c,c; Gx,@x)

P(p+1)
piel F, M+1,4; sn.
C.¢ 5 Bap@

[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-%) ,Re(p-@)>0)

14. x" (a,a’,b; c; ,wx) LAW

p'*a 1Ey 3 [2.0 d+ ¢3 ap
[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-@)>0)

15. xhE_ (a,b; c:; €,wx) Pentt)

p" +1) E [aut ¢; eS
Pp
[Re p>-1; Re p,Re(p-w)
>0)

16. x¥E, (a,b; c; C,wx) Pint

p+ t) p, [aeD aeel ¢;oy
Pp
[Re p>1/2; Re p>2|ReVa|]
APPENDIX. ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY OF THE
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION

1. THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND ITS BASIC PROPERTIES

Let f(x) denote a function of the real variable x, 0 < x<+00, Lebesgue
integrable over any interval (0,A). Let p=o+it be a complex number. The
expression

Fip) = fe'4cndx = Lif) a)

0

is called a Laplace integral, whilst the function F(p) is the Laplace

transform of f(x). The basic properties of the Laplace integral are as
follows.
1°. If integral (1) is convergent at a point Po it is convergent at all
points p for which Re(p-p,)>0.
Three cases are possible for the Laplace integral:
(1) The integral is divergent everywhere.
(2) The integral is convergent everywhere.
(3) There exists a number o. such that the integral is convergent for
Re po, and divergent for Re P<o.,.
The straight line Re p= o, on the complex plane is called the axis of
convergence, whilst the number o. is the abscissa of convergence of
integral (1).

Dorit integral (1) is absolutely convergent at the point Py = Oytit it

is absolutely and uniformly convergent in the half-plane Re P20>.
Definitions similar to the above can be given of the axis of absolute
convergence Re p=o, and the abscissa of absolute convergence ov. Obviously,
079, and it is easy to adduce examples when o>o..

3°. If integral (1) is convergent at the point Po= dy + it) and if Q20
and k>1 are given constants, the integral is uniformly convergent in the
domain A given by the inequalities
572 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

Q(o-0) (2)
|p-p,| <k(o-o,)e , O20p.

4°. If <2, integral (1) represents an analytic function of the variable

p at all points of the half-plane Re p>o, and
k co

a Ftp) = [co's (xye dx. (3)

dp 0

5°. Let F (p), F(p) be the Laplace transforms

of functions f(x), f,@.
If both Laplace integrals are convergent at the point Po and

ioe(pytnl) = Fi(ytn), (4)

where the constant />0 and n=0,1,2,..., then f,(x)=f,(~) almost everywhere.

_ It follows from this property that the Laplace transform F(p) uniquely
defines the function f(x) apart from a set of zero measure.

6°. If integral (1) is convergent at the point Py= Foti 5,70, then
os

lime “o [rewdu =0, (5)

x0 0

i.e. [radu = o1€%0') as x00,

0

7°. If: (a) f(x) is bounded from below, i.e. there exists a positive
number C such that f(x)>-C for all x20, (b) one of the limits

& co

lim >[fiods, or limo [rove Max = limoF(o), (6)

60 o> 00 go 00
0 0

exists, then the other limit also exists, and

&

tim& [fax = lim oF (0). (7)

20 0 o> 00

8°. If: (a) f(x) is bounded from below, (b) one of the limits

lim +[fcodx, or limo [rove Max (8)

£00 0 o>0 0
 THE PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 573

exists, then the other exists, and

lim t freoa= lim oF(o). (9)

£00 o>0

The last two properties of the Laplace integral follow from the general
theory of Tauberian theorems [103,104].
The necessary and sufficient condition for convergence of integral (1)
is that, for some 5,70 and x00,
x

f, (9 = [fwdu = oe, (10)

i.e.
x

Wemlesto* [roodu 20) ab

X00

As already mentioned, the Laplace transform uniquely defines f(x)

(apart from a set of a zero measure). Let us now turn to the question of
finding f(x) if F(p) is known.

Theorem 1 (inversion theorem). /f integral (1) has an abscissa of convergence

go<0, we have the limit

ytio v for x<0,

: 1 oe
lina | F (p)£— dp = (12)
@> 00 2ni F P fra for x>0,

where y>o., y>0.

Hence, for almost all x,

f(%) -fo54
= a5 ay (13)

where the integral is understood in the sense of the principal value.

Note. It follows from property 6° that

Ftp) - [fae Pax, (14)

574 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

where f, = [rwdu, o>9o., o>0O and p=o+tit. A constant Q exists such

)
that IA, ls Qe%o” (o>a » for all x. Hence

JA] < <02)! (15)

Pp Tig
Thus, if
[eve] x

F(p) = [rove Max, o>o, and f, (x) = [roodu, (16)

0 0

the Laplace transform of fo will be F(p)/p, the Laplace integral being

absolutely convergent for O>0... Consequently, if

x — 3 x

f,o= dt, [at,.[ 1@048,- ray |f@a-p = ae, a7)

0 0 0 0
then

aepo = [r,coe Max, (18)

P 0
and

7 ae ea,
f(x) aT | F(p)—_ 4p, yo, - (19)
Veeco

It follows from inequality (15) that the integral in (19) is absolutely

and uniformly convergent in any segment a<x<b when n=3. Obviously, the
greater the value of n the better is the convergence of this integral.
Evaluation of the integral in (13) and (19) is performed inthe majority
of cases by means of a suitable deformation of the path of integration.

Theorem 2. /f integral (1) is absolutely convergent, then lim F(o+it)=0

T+ Cc
and the convergence is uniform for all o (o20,>0,).
Theorem 3. /f integral (1) is absolutely convergent, H(z) is an analytic
function in the neighbourhood of every point z=F(p) and H(0)=0, the function
@O(p) = H[F(p)] is expressible in -the half-plane Re po, by an absolutely
convergent Laplace integral.
Importance is attached to the criteria which decide whether a given
function (analytic in the half-plane Rep>y) is a Laplace transform. In a
 THE PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS S75

number of cases, Theorem 3 enables us to answer this question. For instance,

co

(Lo“dx = 1/p is absolutely convergent forRe p>0. By using Theorem 3, we

0
can conclude that (1/¥p+1)-1 is also expressible in the half-plane Re p>0
by an absolutely convergent Laplace integral. Hence the function
(iy pele tie Bano ris similarly expressible, and so on. These
arguments imply, in particular:

Theorem 4. An analytic function, regular in the neighbourhood of an

infinitely remote point and equal to zero at it, is expressible by an
absolutely convergent Laplace integral.
We shall state several theorems of a similar kind.

Theorem 5. Let F(p), analytic in the half-plane Rep>y, satisfy the

conditions:

o>y, (20)

and the convergence in the half-plane 020, >y is uniform.

2°. For all x, —coo<x<+00, the limit

o+io

lim5+>
ni
i oe dp =D(x) (21)
W900
a-io

exists.
3°. The function ®(x) is absolutely continuous and the integral:
co

Gu) = [or we™ax (22)

exists.
Then F(p)=G(p), so that F(p) is a Laplace transform.

Theorem 6. Jf F(p) is analytic in the half-plane Rep>y, is bounded in

every half-plane Re p20,>7; and if, for o>y, the integral

[lFeotin [Tar <m, 1<r<2, (23)

exists, then F(p) is expressible in the half-plane Re p>y by a Laplace

integral,
576 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

Theorem 7. /f F(p), analytic in the half-plane Rep>y, satisfies the

condition
co

sup il|F(otit) |"dt < ©, (24)

o>y moe

where 1<r<2, F(p) is expressible by a Laplace integral in this half-plane.

Theorem 8. The condition

sup [lFeotiv | ar <e (25)

o>y ~

is necessary and sufficient for a function F(p), analytic in the half-plane

Re p>y, to be the Laplace transform of the function f(x), for which

i|f (x) [76 ax < 00, (26)

0

Theorem 9. Let:
hee F(p) be a regular function in any finite part of the plane of the
complex variable p, excluding the set of points Pys Par Pars Pyro
(Ip, |<\p,| <|p,!<..-<|p,1<.) (the poles of F(p)) where Re p,<o ,for all n.
2°. The limit:
ytio ytico
1 EX pap eA F(p) ,px
a eas J tor ' po © oP (27)
y-io y-ioo

exists for y>0.,, y>0.

3°. There exists a sequence of simple contours Cy supported on the
straight line Re p=y at the points y+iB y—if.. (These contours lie in the
half-plane Rep<vy, and do not pass through the poles P,)- Each contour
C, encloses the origin and the first n poles Py> Poy Pavers Pye

4°. For all x>0,

px
mle iF(p)<—— dp = 0. (28)

Then the integral is equal to the sum of the convergent series

ytico

1 PUP pe ane
y-ico
 THE PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 577

where r(x) is the residue of p 'F(pye™ at the point p=p, (n=1,2,...) and
ry) is the residue at zero.

Remark. If pF (p) satisfies the conditions of Lemmas of Jordan [20,23],

we naturally choose as C. arcs of circles with centres at the origin.
If there exist a number Q>0 and sequences of positive numbers B. and
5,20 such that
lim B., = 00,
fae (30)
limé n
=0,
n> co

E(otip.)
otiB,

F(-B +i)
- < ’
=p tit

-B <o<y and |t/<B,, (31)

we can take for C. rectangular contours of the type:

Rep= ¥, (—B, <Im p SB); Im p= =P (y,S Rep <y,);

Re p= 5 (—B, <Im 7) SB); Im p= B, VS Rep <y,).

Theorem 10 (Titchmarsh). Jf the convolution of functions a(x) and b(x),

continuous for 0<x<+00, is identically zero, at least one of these functions
is identically zero.
This result was proved by Titchmarsh in 1924. Several proofs of this
theorem were later proposed.

Theorem 11 (Convolution theorem). /f the integrals

F (p) = [ree Max and F,(p) = [coe ax (32)

0 0

are absolutely convergent for Re po, F(p) =F PF 2(P) is the Laplace

transform of
x

fix) = [f,o-BF, Oak (33)

0

and the integral

578 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

F(p) = [rove ax (34)

0

is absolutely convergent for Re p>o.,.

This theorem may also be stated as follows:

Theorem 11’. If f (p)/p, g(p)/p and f(p)g(p)/p are the Laplace integrals
of f(x), g(x) and h(x) respectively, then
x

noo) =F [f@ge-Bdk 35)

0
holds almost everywhere.
A remark must also be made about the above theorem. Let
B i]

Fp) = Je's (dx, B,>a, (36)

a
1

and
B
F5@)= [ercodx, B,>a,. (37)
a
2

We now obtain:
ae

F (p)Fy(p) = | er (x)dx, (38)

Or

where min(B 3 x-a,)

fo= [| f,@F,o-bae. 39)

max (a, ; x-B)

The proof of. (38) and (39) follows from the hypotesis of the absolute
integrability of (36) and (37).

Theorem 12. Let f(x) and g(x) be two given functions with growth indices
S, and S5, Le.
My x SX

[f(xy |<Me', |g(x)|<Me’. (40)

Then the Laplace transform of the product f(x)g(x) is
at+ico

a1 F(z)G(p-z)dz, (41)
a- too
 THE PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS S79

where a>s, and Re p>s,+a,

F(p) = femreoax, G(p) = fe e(xdx. (42)

0 0

The following generalized multiplication theorem, proved in 1935 by

A.M.Efros, is of great importance.

Theorem 13. Let F(p) = ees (x)dx and let the analytic functions G(p)
0
and q(p) be such that

G(p)e -Eq(p) _- fe
| _-px
g(x, £)dx. (43)
0
Then

F [q(p)]G(p) = fePax|[re@ecods. (44)

0 0

» In particular, on putting g(p)=p, [eMecodx- om, i.e. g(x,&)=-

0
=g(x-§—), we have- (when §&>x, g(x—&)=0):
co oe} oo x

FiprGipy= |e dx |s@g(x-bydt=[edx|/@ee-Oab. (45)

0 0 0 0

We shall give a number of simple propositions that are the basis of

the operational method. We shall in future always use the notation

F(p) = [eProodx = LIF), (46)

0

7) = ple rixrdx = Cif). (47)

0

1°. Property of linearity. Let

n

f(x) = Y ¢f,00, (48)

k=1
where c, are arbitrary (complex) constants. Then

n n n

L{f(x)]= Aly of |- Me¢, Lif, Qo]= y CF (p)= F(p) (49)

k=] k=1 k=1
580 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

We have formally, from (49):

d aol TCX AEER) =a

L[sq7.0] 2] dan

- Fip, A+dh)-F (ph) drip), (50)

N a am
Frio] 2 fe[f(x,M] dr = [ron
L| (51)
a !
a iM
Similar properties hold for the Laplace-Carson transform (47).

2°. The property of similitude. We have, for any constant a:

(52)
4 (Ee“PdE= oF (ap),
4 f (z]e *dx= aff
Lr (| i I

Cc/(=}] = pif [|e **dx= ap|fee °Pag= Ff(ap). (53)

0 0

3°. Laplace transformation of derivatives. We easily obtain, with the

aid of integration by parts:

(n) (x)]= p"F (p) -p" 40) iy i (0) Pais dh(0) -...
Lif
Saf E® (0) SEUNG (54)

cy” =p" F @) p's 0)—-p"

*f )—p"
“fF O) -:..
phe? Opi (55)
where n is a positive integer.
The dual of property 3° is
4°, Differentiation of Laplace transforms. We have, for a_ positive
integer n:

n
Et) = (-1)" -|x"f(e dx= (-1)"L[x"f(x)],
d p
(56)
0

oerm 4 ae cote efor

Lt
:

p (57)
0
 THE PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 581

5: Laplace transformation of integrals. We have, for a positive integer

Ps Ae
F(p)
1 fosfa, f ee) a (58)
0 0
co

6°. Integration of Laplace transforms. If [F(q)dq is convergent, it is

Dp

the Laplace transform of f(x)/x, i.e. we have

[Fada ai [eeu : (59)

p
Obviously, we have for any positive integer n:

[aa faa... [ Ft@,_)da,_. = a. (60)

pg ap) +

We shall mention several other formulae of a similar type. On

integrating the expression
oo

F(ap) = |als) e PXdx (61)

0

with respect to a from 0 to 1, we get formally

Jronae- fe
maslf(e)4e-
Z [fees= (62)
On putting ap=g, x=a&, we have
foe) Dp

|Jrar a]2 5 [Faaa. (63)

x 0

Similarly,
x fore)

alf( : ) a]eePp [Fada. (64)

0 p
Hence

off pa - 5 [F@ag, (65)

0 0
582 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

7°. Given any positive —, assuming that f(x-§)=0 for x<—, we easily

obtain:

Lif(x-£)]= [rope Max=

t

2 [rae ?P du= ef pe du, (66)

0 0
i.e.
Lif(x-)] =e PF (p). (67)
8°. We have for any complex g:

F(p-q) = [rove ? P*dx= foe Jeax=b roe) (68)

0 0

f (P-D=0-@ [r(xye “*dx=p| fixe Je dx -

0 0
fore) ? x

-Lp |feet le dx=C ee efrevctay (69)

0 0

We must mention here two important theorems that enable a very

large number of practical problems to be solved.

Theorem 14 (First expansion theorem). Jf the function F(p) is regular

at an infinitely remote point and has in its neighbourhood the Laurent
expansion

INOS Nivea (70)

k=1p
then
oo NC fore) Cc
k k k-1
—-2| a TET
nies (k-1)! * ). (71)
Here
Shek e k-1
POD ety) (72)
is an entire function.

Theorem 15. (Second expansion theorem). Let the function F(p) satisfy
the following conditions:
 THE PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 583

1? F(p) is meromorphic and regular in a half-plane Re P?So-

2°. There exists a system of concentric circles:

2 [PIFR,» R)<Ra< R,9%, (73)

on which F(p) tend to zero uniformly with respect to argp
3°. Given any a>S», the integral
atic

{ F(p)dp (74)
a-ico

is absolutely convergent.
Then
ED) | ‘4res, F(p)e* )é (75)
Dp k k

where the sum of the residues is taken with respect to all the singular
points p, of F(p) in order of decreasing modulus
k

Corollary. The rational function

m m-1
a BD tae. oP tric
ta, pta,
a MCD
etl m<n, (76)
OD) b p'+b Pie +b, pt+b
n n-1 es 1 0

is the Laplace transform of the function

. Ylp ik n px
f@) = eaae
7, ie
p
f+ ___ (rp) (p-p,)"e”, (77)

where Pp, are the polesof F(p), whilst ny (k=0,1,...,8) are their multiplicities,
and the sum is taken over all the poles.
In particular, if all the poles of F(p) are simple, using the formula
for calculating the residues at simple poles we find

Rev Di) ‘
f(x) = = sees
ek (78)
eee

If the polynomials M(p) and N(p) have real coefficients, then

M(p, ) M(p,)
Fp) = Wey = Lhyes ee ae cy k of),
a (P,) N’ (p,)
where the first sum is over all real roots of N(p), and the second over
all the complex roots with positive imaginary parts
584 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

Notice that each term of (77) corresponding to a complex root Pe

=o, tit, is expressible in the form

M(p,)
e’« (cos 1x + i sin T,X). (79)
N° (P,)

2. THE APPLICATION OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION TO THE

SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

1. Suppose we have a differential equation of the form

au” (x)+ a, uP Cota. a,u'

(x)+ agu(x)= f(x), (80)
where u(x) is the required function of the independent variable x, f(x) is
the prescribed “disturbing” function, and a, (i = 0,1,2,...,2) are constant

coefficients. We multiply the equation by e * and integrate with respect to

x from zero to infinity; this gives us

A(p)U(p) — B(p)= F(p), (81)

where

A(p) = ap + a, yP htt a, P+ ay,

B(p) = b,_,p' '+...+ by pt by,

and

b n=1 =a,,u(0) ;

6 eae (O)+a,_,u(0),

6, ade (0)+a ana (O)+a,_u (0),

= (n-2) Cue3)
b=a,,u (O)+a,_u (0)+...+a,u(0),
by=a,u (n-1) (O)+a,_ju\" va (O)+...+a,u ‘ (0)+a,u(0).

On solving (81) for U(p), we get the formula:

-=£NP)
FD Cp)

We introduce the notation

 THE APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION _ 585

RO) = Ary So) =F.

Now,
U(p) = F(p)R(p)
+ S(p).
The quantities R(p) and S(p) are rational fractions, which can be split by
familiar methods into elementary fractions. We obtain with the aid of the
convolution theorem
x

u(x) = [re@ro-pat + s(x). (82)

0

We have obtained the general solution of equation (80), containing 7

arbitrary constants, the values of which are determined by the initial
values of the required function u(x) and its n-1 derivatives. The actual
form of the solution will depend on what sort of roots the characteristic
equation
A(p) =0 (83)
has.
1°. When all the roots of (83) are real and distinct, we have

A(p) = a,(P-P,) (p-Pp,)...(P-P,,).

Thus
r r

RO. oe
PP Waw=P> Pape
AY = Ss
Spy
PiaPiges REP5 a P-P,,
where the constant coefficients rp and s, are given by

; B(p,)
io
aes Tope Ay a OEE

ui ht : tl 1-2

Bip,) = u(0) ) ap, +u (0) YP +...

=i] =

i
2 = =]
Soar a ” 0) y a, P; ey a,
l=n-1

Therefore,
586 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

n rh

put it\S,Cates
DEX px
AGS) = T.CukieS (X=), (84)

On substituting (84) in (82), we get

u(x) = Y + ‘| Free?b dg + Bo).

Nl pt

k=1 A’ oA 0

oe When all the roots of (83) are zero, we have

n
A(p)=4,p
so that

R(p) = n?’
one

pede: 1 1 ornaor Tey) etl l aia

dh ag a, z es erm 7

Now, n-1
r(x) ;
n (n= I ) !

5 b n-2 5 n-1
Bek (es oe OX wu es
S(x) = Zi 7 Tt tet a RS fi=iyt
n n n n

In this case, equation (82) takes the form

x
eat tees
- n-1 56 k
un == |fe Sag Y te, (85)
0 k=0 n :

3°. When all the roots of (83) are real and equal, we have
n
A(p) =a, (p-P,) ,
and now,

Ie n
a,(P-P,)

Spe B(p) A Cn ani ae 1

pS nw n : Loa — pe”
a(p-p,) (p-P,) (p-P,) 1

where c, are linear homogeneous functions of the initial data, determined

by the familiar methods of splitting rational into elementary fractions. We
find that
 THE APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION 587

n=1 n
Sew.’MED
RONG Ce px eg ze cma) sy
Ce
sl

Formula (82) can be written as

Z = (x= 8) n Ba.
u(x) = [ree n= =5, dt +e* Le
1
a-D?
u
(86)
0

2. We now consider a system of linear differential equations with

constant coefficients a, and with auxiliary terms f(x) which are given
functions of time:

du f
9
[eres a, 4+ A) at. a) ut f (x),

du
dx = Fatty
tAy2@ot--t 4,4,
+ £0),
(87)

du,
axe oa al (x).

We multiply each equation of the system by e * and integrate with respect

to x from zero to infinity. We now have:

(a,,—P)U, (p)t+a 12U 2

(p)+...+a, Inon
U (p= -[F, (p)+u, (0)],

aU, (p) +(a,,-p)U, (p)+.. +a, U (p= - [F,(p)+u,(0)] 3

(88):

aU, (P) ee 2 (P)+...4+(aan PU = -[F,(p)+u,0)].

On. solving this system, we get

U (k=1,2,...,7), (89)
k mie
where

(a,,-P) 4%),
A(p) = a,, (a,,-P) ae oe

any Pr (a7 P)

is the principal determinant of system (88),

588 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

n itk n
A,=-) CDs A, PD i+k
u,(0)A,,(p),
i=]

and

(a,,—-P) Goi Ue Ue tn

Di Sate eee hal Come On

A,l (P) = Gs- iestin Te Die Sie taki tol kage tee
fel ala tie istebal ial kel) oes ieee
any a12 aoe an k=l a) k+l a Ce

is the minor of the principal determinant, obtained by striking out the ith
row and kth column. Formula (89) can therefore be written as follows:
nl a

U,() =) FO Dy + uOD 40). (90)

where
,
itk+]
DX iksp(OD);
D;,(P) = (-l) ; mGp a,

are rational fractions in p, the degree of the numerator A,@) being not
less than unity less than the degree of the denominator A(p), equal to 2.
To expand D,,{p) into elementary fractions, we need to know the roots of
the equation A(p)=0. After finding the functions U(r) from (90) and
subsequently finding u,(x), we have
2
n n

uo =) [F@a,o-Bae + YH (Od (2. (91)

0

3. For a certain class of differential equations, the solution can be

written in the form of Laplace integrals, where the independent variable
appears under the integral sign as a parameter. We introduce the equation

(n) (n-1)
(a+b x)u (+a, +b, xu (x) +...+ (aytbox) u(x) =0. (92)

Let
eS) = [e?’-@rae,

no assumptions being made as yet regarding the interval of integration. Now,

he (x) = fe’xo y(p)dp,

 THE APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION 589

k "i

xu! (x) = [xc*p'v (p)dp = [e”*p‘vip)] = cesSele (p) dp.

On substituting these expressions in (92), we obtain

at k v(p) — ) b, =—[p
d ,kvpn }dp+ ) b PX k
n n n

e a,p [ep v(p)|=0 (93)

J de e de ap ds &
This equation is satisfied if the expression in the curly brackets of (93)
vanishes, which yields a differential equation of the first order for the
function v(p). The second term must also be zero; this condition can be
Satisfied by making a suitable choice for the interval of integration. Let

xu (x)+(a+b+x)u’ (x)+au(x) = 0.

The Laplace transform uix)=[eviprdp gives the equation for v(p):

v'(p) (p-+p) - v(p) [p(a+b-2) +a-1] =0.

It follows from this that

u(p) = rl ori
We have from the second condition:

[e?*(pt1)? 'p™|(p’+p} =0, (94)

where a and fare ihe beginning and the end of the interval of integration.
We shall assume for definiteness that a>0, 5>0. In this case (94) is satisfied
if a =-1, B =0. Consequently, the first integral of equation (92) has the
form
0

Uh(0) = [Porn to" lap.

-}
On putting B =0 and a =-°°, we obtain the second integral (at least for
x>0):
0

u, (x) = [ Porn "ap.

In many cases it is a question of choosing the path of integration in

the complex plane.
Let us take the equation

xu (x)+ 2nu’ (x)+ xu(x) =0.

590 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

We find, as before, that

vip) = (p+) |
The condition
ep" +1)"1" =0
gives us a= -i, B=+i. Thus
+i
PxPe2 n-l
u(x) = fe (p +1) dp.
=i

On putting p=iE&, we get

1
u, nls fel®a-e" la.

-1
After separating real and imaginary parts, we find

l 1
uO =% fa-s4"" "eosx& d& - fa-s5""tsin xE dE.
-1 -1

The second integral contains

an odd function, so that it is zero.
Consequently,
1
2in=1
u(x) = fare ) cos xE dE.
=

The second integral is obtained if we put a=—°co and B=+i or —i (x>0).

On integrating from —co to 0, then from 0 to i, we obtain

0 1
u, (x) a fe@*sn" "ap ne ER te Syecs a

=oo 0

0 1 1

A fe*a’+p"™ las = fa £2)" eesixk de fans?" tsin xt dk.

fos) 0 0

The imaginary part is therefore equal to 74, consequently, the real

part must also be a solution, i.e.
0 1

u,(x) = fe®arep" ag + fae)" sin xt df.

—- oo 0
 THE APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION 591

4. A method similar to the above can also be used in the solution of

partial differential equations, encountered in various branches of mathematical
physics.
Suppose we have the equation
z
veut a(x,y,z) gu + b(x,y,z) ga + c(x,y,z)u = f (x,y,z,0) (95)
dt

where Vu =P uldax® + Puldy’ + ulaz is the Laplace operator, (x,y,z) is

a point of some domain, and t, which usually denotes time, is positive. The
boundary condition has the form

a(x,y,z)u + B(x,y,z) gu = 9(x,y,z,0), (96)

where du/dn denotes the normal derivative. In addition, initial conditions

are also given inside the domain, e.g.,

lim u(x,y,z,t) = Up (X,Ys2), (97)

10

See? ;
lim a. u(x,y,z,t) = uy (x,y,z). (98)
0

We multiply the initial equation (95) by e and integrate with respect to

t from zero to infinity. We asssume that the integrals
oo oo
feMucxnzodt, fem Syucey,z.nde, etc
0 0

exist. In addition,
oo oo
[er Vudt=v" fem dt.
0 0

Given these assumptions about the properties of the unknown function

u(x,y,z,t), we obtain from (95), (97), (98) the equation

VU (p)+ [a(x,y,z)p + b(x,y,2)p + c(x,y,z)]U

(p) = (99)
= a(Xx,y,Z) [pug (%,y,Z) —u, (x,y,z) ] +(X,Y,Z)Up (X,Y,Z) +F (X,Y,Z,D).

Boundary condition (96) transforms to the following:

a(x,y,z)U
(p) + B(x,y,z) me ine M(x,y,Z,p). (100)
592 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

After finding U(p) from equations (99), (100), the problem reduces to finding
u(x,y,z,t) from the equation

-pt
U(x,y,Z,p) = fe u(x,y,z,t)dt.
0

If U(x,y,z,p) can be found from a table of formulae already compiled, the

required solution may be evaluated directly. Otherwise, the solution can be
found with the aid of the inversion theorem
ytico

J eM Mt Ucx,y,z,Mdd.
Vastco
This last integral is often evaluated with the aid of a transformation to
the corresponding closed contour and application of the residue theorem. It
should be noted thata number of definite assumptions are made about the
properties of the function u(x,y,z,t), when forming the auxiliary equation
and its boundary conditions, and when obtaining the function u(x,y,z,t) from
U(x,y,z,p) with the aid of the inversion theorem. All similar assumptions
about the possibility of interchanging the operation of Laplace transformation,
on the one hand, and the operations of differentiation and passage to the
limit, on the other, assumptions that the solution must havea definite form,
can be expanded as a Series, etc., are in many cases not restrictive from
the physical point of view. On the other hand, the method of solution
indicated can be applied formally, if the result obtained satisfies the
equation, as also the initial and boundary conditions. :
We shall quote the solution of some actual problems.
0 ; : : 5
1. We take the one-dimensional heat conduction equation
2
gu ow (101)
ax
and suppose that a boundary value problem is posed for the segment 0<x</,
with the boundary conditions

u| 9 = OO, Ul p= OO (102)
and. the homogeneous initial condition

u |— =0. (103)

Instead of u(x,t), we introduce as the required function its Laplace

 THE APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION 593

transform:

U(x,p) = lee u(x,t)dt. (104)

0

On applying the Laplace transformation to both sides of (101) and assuming

that we can differentiate with respect to x under the integral sign in (104),
we get
2
P U(X. PY ~ pyrx,p),
dx
On also applying the Laplace transformation to the equations (102), we have

Y| 9 = 0,0), Ul = O0),
where

©, (p) = [et @,(t)dt (k=1,2).

9
We find:
U(x,p) =O, (p)Q (x,p) + ,(p)2,(%,P), (105)
where

Q (x,p) =4sinh(/-x)v¥p Q,(x,p) = sinhxv¥p.

sinhlv¥p sinhlv¥p

The functions Q | (x,p) and 2, (x,p) are the Laplace transforms of the
functions

respectively, where
co 7 ar
2ninv-n nt
8,0,0) = _ e
N=—- co

is a theta-function. On determining u(x,t) from (105) with the aid of the

convolution theorem, we find that
t
1 icy. USee SG

omy 0

Let us now take the non-homogeneous equation

594 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

Gu 9 Us ey yy (106)
t 2
ax
with homogeneous initial and homogeneous boundary conditions:

u(x,t) ele u(x,t) | 9 = 9, u(x,t) wn! (107)

Let
—pt
F(x,p) = fe f(x,)dt.
0
On applying the Laplace transformations to (106) and (107), we obtain
Z
dU _ pu - F(xp), (108)
dx
U(,p)= Up) =0. (109)
It is easily verified that Green’s function for the equation (108) with boundary
conditions (109) has the form

sinh(l-£)VpsinhxV¥p for x<t

4 ¥Ypsinhlv¥p
V(x, 5;p) =
sinh(/-x)vpsinh§Yp sy, yop
Ypsinhlvp
and the solution of equation (108), satisfying conditions (109), can be written
as
t

UGE [re.timrapds (110)

0

The function ['(x,§;p) is the Laplace transform of

eS. ee ee ic eee
Ves? 7° Tt] 8, iP +a)|:
Hence it follows from (110) that
l t

u(x,t) = |dbf voxgie—-ws nde. (11)

0 0

0 ; ‘ . 4
2. Suppose we want to find a function satisfying equation (101) and
the conditions
 THE APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION = 595

u(x,0) =0 (x>0), u(0,0) =f(t). (112)

As before, after applying the Laplace transformation to the original equation

(101) and taking into account conditions (112), we obtain

d’U(x,p) = pU(x,p), UO,p) =F (p).

ae
x :
We write U(x,p) in the form

U(x,py= eat ner

Since U(x,p) is bounded as x», we get

, aoive
U(x,p) = F(p)e uP =pF (p)

We find from this, with the aid of the convolution theorem,

2

ye eg Ra)
2vas (1-1) 3!?

“3 ffeil
I
eat
2v1
It may easily be seen that

u,0) =02a0s) =f) =— is dt =f(t).

vn 0

a7 Let us also consider the following problem for the heat conduction
equation (101). Let 0<x<ce,

u(x,0) =u, 0’ u’ (0,1) =hu(0,t) (h=const). (113)

On applying the Laplace transformation, the original equation (101) and

condition (113) reduce to the form

As above, from the fact that the solution U(x,p) is bounded as x», we
find that
596 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

u
se() eve dU (0,p).
UCP aie © ce Tee rs -
-cvp= n{ 5+] =hU

Hence
3 u sf
u
Uixp= 5"(1- h rida 0% VD) 0 xVp
Po vpth : Vp (Vpth)
Since
u
{u ert(—2-]} 8 ery),
Vet p

era) -— PX_ F(p)

where the integration is taken from x to ©, we find on using the relationship

paid (3 eo
Fivp) .§__1___ gv .;|_1_[ Pod
vp Vp (v¥pth) vut 4
that
oe 2

Uu shea
u(x,t) =u pede. |+ 2 fe 40 og.
2Vt? vut :

5. Let us now discuss an equation which is widely encountered in

various fields of science, namely the Volterra integral equation of the
second kind with difference kernel:
x

p(x) = f(x) + [ecx-poeat. (114)

We shall assume that all the functions appearing in the equation have
Laplace transforms:

D(p)= L[p(x)], F(p)= LIf(x)), K(p)= L[k(x)].

We obtain with the aid of convolution:

O(p)= F(p)+ K (p)D(p).

Hence

and
 THE APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION 597

a+ioco

(x) = coal \ (pe dp.

o-oo

All the iterated kernels for equation (114) depend on the difference x—£,
so that the resolvent similarly depends on x, &.
The Volterra equation of the first kind
x

f= féc-Boerat
0

can be solved similarly. Furthermore, the present method is applicable to a

system of Volterra integral equations, of the form
5e.

9,0) = 1,004 Y [ky @-Be ds G-1,2,....

n

k=]
0

On applying the Laplace transformation to both sides, we get

n

© (p) = Fp) igh K,(p)®,(p)_ (i=1,2,....n).

We can find ® (Pp) by solving this system of first degree equations, and
the solution of the original system takes the form
otico

(x) = zie ® (pe? “dp.

a-fco

We shall give some examples.

1°. Abel’s equation. The first integral equation in the hisiory' of

mathematics (i.e. the first equation in which the unknown function (x)
appeared under the integral sign) was obtained by Abel in 1826, when solving
the so-called tautochrone problem
x

@CEIAE Fx) O<axl). (115)

0 (ee)

Let M(p)
= L[g(x)], F(p) =LI[f(x)]. On applying the usual Laplace
transformation method, (115) now reduces to

ra) 2 - F~,
598 ‘ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

Hence

Pp! *R(p) PEO) pep

=f (0)
Dp) = 1 ) “3 ie
p r(l-a)p
We now easily find that

I ——_ (fi (bdt |

OO) ST i=ei la) a res
oes apes BS)

On recalling that [(1—a)P(a)=n/sin an, we have

woo = 5 sin an |Z
£(0) aera 5
af (x E) l-a

jae Let us take the integral equation with logarithmic kernel:

x

f e@inc-bae = f(x), (116)

where (&) is the unknown function. Let O(p)=L[g(x)], F(p)=L[f(x)]. We

make use of the equation

Se 1
| Son |e (117)
0

Bearing in mind the relationship

L{In x]= - c + In p),

C is Eiler’s constant, we obtain

= OPC + In p) = F(p).

Hence
2 , ;
O(p) = pF Cp) poF Ap) =| 2) ae C0)
Inp+C — p(lnp+C) p(lnp+C)°

On taking (117) into account, we find that

f (eee Ach
CA
P(x) -[r
af rae dh ro |ker oN
 SOME COMMENTS AND REFERENCES 599

ge Finally, we consider the equation

x

sin x = [4oe-Boras, (118)

0

On applying the Laplace transformation to both sides, we get

1
2
a ———.
1 o( D(p), D(p)
o = ———_
l zs
p(x) = Jy (x).
esis p cat p oe]
We have, in accordance with the last formula,
x

sin x = [roby ya.

0

Notice that what has been said in this section may be generalized at
once to an integro—differential equation of the form
xi
n *

ao” (tap? +..ta, pla) + » [x,_}-bo”? @at= f(x)

j=0
J/=
0

and to a system of such equations.

3. SOME COMMENTS AND REFERENCES

The integral

F(p) = feMronax (119)

0

appeared for the first time in Euler’s investigation (1737). The regular use
of the transformation of the form (119) began after the publication of
Laplace’s book [54]. At the present time the Laplace transformation (119)
is the most usable integral transformation. An extensive list of integral
transforms and tables of their factorizations in terms of Laplace transforms
will be given in the handbook ”/ntegrals and Series. Vol.5. Invérse Laplace
transforms”.
A complete account or elements of the theory of Laplace transformation
can be found in numerous books on Laplace transformation, on operational
calculus or on integral transformations. Among them we mention the
monographs [104, 75, 24, 100, 63, 94, 11, 25, 48, 96, 46, 66, 10, 67, 98, 19,
600 ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY

90, 50, 52, 102, 58, 12]. Here and later on we arrange references in accordance
with dates of publication. Rather complete surveys of publications are contained
in [18, 90, 20, 13, 12] (see also {5, 43] ). Various forms of inversion
formulas for Laplace transform and conditions of. their applicability were
obtained in [77, 49,
8, 78,9, 24, 100, 79, 17, 95, 87, 48, 86, 88, 76, 10,
34 LO 2a 2alr
Numerous applications of the Laplace transformation are described in
books) _[y24,-45,, 101; 6457415265. 90)) 205) S1L895530)022,5 2350160, 2-5920
and others. Information on multidimensional Laplace transformations can be
found in [97, 18, 20, 74, 14] (for corresponding references see [14]).
Tables of Laplace transforms are contained in handbooks [ 31, 64, 17,
37, 96, 65, 71, 19, 84, 21, 29, 70, 73, 74, 12] and in tables of integrals
where such formulas are often given in a different form [7, 44, 56, 69, 72,
73, 40, 42, 3, 80-82]. The most complete tables are those in [80-82] and
the present handbook. They are constructed on the basis of a_ general
method of calculating the integrals with elementary and special functions
of hypergeometric type [57, 58, 82, 83]. These functions are special cases
of the Meijer G-function. The theory of this function can be found in [62,
36, 61, 57, 58]. The most complete tables of special cases of the G-—function
are given in [82]. The most complete bibliography on evaluation of integrals
and various integral transforms is given in [83].
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1, N. I. Akhiezer, Lectures in the Theory of Approximation, Nauka, Moscow,

1965.
2. N. I. Akhiezer, Lectures on the Integral Transforms, Vishcha Shkola,
Kharkov, 1984.
3. A. Apelblat, Table of Definite and Infinite Integrals, Elsevier, Amsterdam,
1983.
4. G. Ascoli, Transformazione de Laplace, Gheroni, Torino, 1951.
5. H. Bateman, Report on the history and present state of the theory of
integral equations, in: Report of the British Association,(1910),
354-424.
6. L. Berg, Introduction to the Operational Calculus, North Holland,
Amsterdam, 1967.
7. D. Bierens de Haan, Nouvelles tables d’integrales definies, Hafner, New
York, 1957.
8. R. P. Boas, Jr., and D. V. Widder, The iterated Stieltjes transform,
Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 45(1939), no. 1, 1-72.
9. R. P. Boas, Jr., and D. V. Widder, An inversion formula for the Laplace
integral, Math. Duke J., 6(1940), 1-26.
10. S. Bochner, Lectures on Fourier integrals, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton,
ING Ue oOo:
11. S. Bochner and K. C. Chandrasekharan, Fourier transforms, Princeton
Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J., 1949.
12. Yu. A. Brychkov and A. P. Prudnikov, Integral transforms of generalized
functions, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1989.
13. Yu. A. Brychkov, A. P. Prudnikov and V. S. Shishov, Operational calculus,
Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Mat. Anal., VINITI AN SSSR 16(1979), 99-148.
14. Yu. A. Brychkov, H.-J. Glaeske, A. P. Prudnikov and Vu Kim Tuan,
Multidimensional Integral Transforms, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1991.
 +

602 BIBLIOGRAPHY

15. J. Cossar and A. Erdelyi, Dictionary of Laplace transforms, Admiralty

Computing Service, London, 1944-1946.
16. B. Davies, Integral Transforms and Their Applications, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, 1978.
17. V. A. Ditkin and P. I. Kuznetsov, Handbook of Operational Calculus,
Gostehizdat, Moscow, Leningrad, 1951.
18. V. A. Ditkin and A. P. Prudnikov, Operational Calculus, [togi Nauki i
Tekhniki. Mat. Anal. 1964, VINITI AN SSSR, 1966, 7-75.
19. V. A. Ditkin and A. P. Prudnikov, Integral Transforms and Operational
Calculus, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1966.
20. V. A. Ditkin and A. P. Prudnikov, Integral Transforms, /togi Nauki i
Tekhniki. Mat. Anal. 1966, VINITI AN SSSR, 1967, 7-82.
21. V. A. Ditkin, A. P. Prudnikov, Formulaire pour le calcul operationnel,
Masson, Paris, 1967.
22. V. A. Ditkin and A. P. Prudnikov, Integral Transforms and Operational
Calculus, Nauka, Moscow, 1974.
23. V. A. Ditkin and A. P. Prudnikov, Operational Calculus, Vysshaya
Shkola, Moscow, 1975.
24. G. Doetsch, Theorie und Anwendung der Laplace-Transformation,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1937 (2nd ed. in New York (1944)).
25. G. Doetsch, Handbuch der Laplace-Transformation, Birkhauser-Verlag,
Basel, Stuttgart, Bd.l, 1950, Bd. 2, Abt. 1, 1955, Bd. 3, Abt. 2, 1956.
26. G. Doetsch, Einfuhrung in Theorie und Anwendung der Laplace—
Transformation. Ein Lehrbuch fur Studieren de der Mathematik,
Physik und Ingenieurwissenschaft, Birkhauser-Verlag, Basel, 1958.
27. G. Doetsch, Introduction a l'utilisation pratique de la transformation
de Laplace, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1959.
28. G. Doetsch, Anleitung zum praktischen Gebrauch der Laplace-
Transformation und der Z-Transformation, Dritte Aufl., Oldenbourg,
Munchen, 1967.
29. G. Doetsch, Guide to the Applications of the Laplace and Z-Transforms,
2nd ed., Van Nostrand-Reinhold, London, 1971.
30. G. Doetsch, Introduction to the Theory and Application of the Laplace
Transformation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1974.
31. G. Doetsch, H. Kniess, und D. Voelker, Tabellen zur Laplace—
Transformation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1947.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 603

32. F. Dymek and J. F. Dymek, O pewnych transformatach Laplace’a i

pewnych nieskonczonych szeregach potegowych, Mat. Stos. Rosz.
PTM(3) 26(1985), 49-78.
33. F. Dymek and J. F. Dymek, On selected Laplace transforms, Zesz. nauk
AGH. Opusc. math., (1987), no. 3, 9-28.
34. M. M. Dzhrbashian, Integral Transforms and Representation of Functions
in the Complex Domain, Nauka, Moscow, 1966.
35. A. M. Efros and A. M. Danilevskii, Operational Calculus and Contour
Integrals, GNTIU, Kharkov, 1937.
36. A. Erdelyi (ed.), Higher Transcendental Functions, Vols. 1-3, [Bateman
Manuscript Project], McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953-1955.
37. A. Erdelyi (ed.), Tables of Integral transforms, Vols. 1-2, [Bateman
Manuscript Project], McGraw-Hill, New York, 1954.
38. A. Erdelyi, Operational Calculus and Generalized Functions, Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1962.
39. H. Exton, Multiple Hypergeometric Functions and Applications, Ellis
Horwood, Chichester, 1976.
40. H. Exton, Handbook of Hypergeometric Integrals: Theory, Applications,
Tables, Computer Programs, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1978.
41. P. Funk, H. Sagan and F. Selig, Die Laplace-Transformation und ihre
Anwendung, F. Deuticke, Wien, 1953.
42. I. S. Gradshtein and I. M. Ryzhik, Table of Integrais, Series and
Products, Academic Press, New York, 1980.
43. J. L. Griffith, On some aspects of integral transforms, J. and Proc.
Roy. Soc., N.S., Wales 93(1959), no. 1-2, 1-9.
44. W. Grobner und N. Hofreiter, Integraltafel, Teil II, Bestimmte
Integrale, Springer-Verlag, Wien, Innsbruck, 1958.
45. P. Herreng, Les applications du calcul operationnel, Courcier, Paris,
1944,
46. E. Hille and R. S. Phillips, Functional Analysis and Semi—Groups,
Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, 1957.
47. |. I. Hirschman, Jr., A new representation and inversion theory for the
Laplace integral, Duke Math. J. 15(1948), no. 2, 473-494.
48. I. I. Hirschman, Jr. and D. V. Widder, The Convolution Transform,
Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J., 1955.
49. P. Humbert, Le calcul symbolique, Hermann, Paris, 1934.
604 BIBLIOGRAPHY

50. K. S. Kolbig, Laplace transform, Lectures given in the Acad. Training

Programme of CERN 1968-1969, gen., 1969, 1-160.
51. G. A. Korn and T. M. Korn, Mathematical Handbook for Scientists
and Engineers. Definitions, theorems and formulas for reference
and review, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
52..G. Krabbe, Operational Calculus,. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1970.
53. E. Labin, Calcul operationnel, Masson et Cie, Paris, 1949.
54. P. S. Laplace, Theorie analytique des probabilites, Courcier, Paris, 1812.
55. C. F. Lindman, Examen des nouvelles tables d’integrales definies de
M. Bierens de Haan, Hafner, New York, 1944.
56. Y. L. Luke, The Special Functions and Their Approximations, Vol. 1,
Academic Press, New York, 1969
57. O. I. Marichev, A method for calculating integrals of hypergeometic
functions, Dokl. Akad. Navuk BSSR 25(1981), no. 7, 590-593.
58. O. I. Marichev, Handbook of Integral Transforms of Higher
Transcendental Functions. Theory and Algoritmic Tables, Ellis
Horwood, Chichester, 1982.
59. O. I. Marichev, Asymptotic behavior of functions of hypergeometric type,
Vestsi Akad. Navuk BSSR. Ser. Fis.-mat. navuk (1983), no. 4, 18-25.
60. A. M. Mathai and R. K. Saxena, Generalized Hypergeometric Functions
with Applications in Statistics and Physical Sciences, Lect. Notes
Math., Vol. 348, Springer-Verlag, Beilin, 1973.
61. A. M. Mathai and R. K. Saxena, The H-function with Applications in
Statistics and other Disciplines, Halsted Press Book, New York, 1978.
62. N. W. McLachlan, Complex Variable and Operational Calculus with
Technical Applications, Macmillan, New York, 1946.
63. N. W. McLachlan, Modern Operational Calculus with Applications in
Technical Mathematics, Macmillan, London, 1948.
64. N. W. McLachlan and P. Humbert, Formulaire pour !e calcul Symbolique,
2nd ed., Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1950.
65. N. W. McLachlan, P. Humbert and L. Poli, Supplement au le calcul
symbolique, Mem. sci. math., Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1959.
66. J. Mikusinski, Operational Calculus, Pergamon Press, London, 1957.
67. F. D. Murnaghan, The Laplace Transform, Spartan Books, Washington, 1962.
68. F. Oberhettinger, Tabellen zur Fourier Transformation, Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, 1957.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 605

69. F. Oberhettinger, Tables of Bessel Transforms, Springer-Verlag, New

York, 1972.
70. F. Oberhettinger and L. Badii, Tables of Laplace Transforms, Springer—
Verlag, Berlin, 1973.
71. F. Oberhettinger and T. P. Higgins, Tables of Lebedev, Mehler and
generalized Mehler transforms, Math. Note no. 246, Boeing Sci. Res.
Lab., Seattle, Washington, 1961, 1-48.
72. Sh. Okui, Complete elliptic integrals resulting from infinite integrals of
Bessei functions, I, Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. B78(1974), no. 3, 113-135.
73. Sh. Okui, Complete elliptic integrals resulting from infinite integrals of
Bessel functions, II, Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. B79(1975), no. 3-4, 137-170.
74. Sh. Okui, Tables of one— and two-dimensional inverse Laplace transforms of
complete elliptic integrals, Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. B81(1977), no. 1-2, 5-39.
75. E. A. C. Paley and N. Wiener, Fourier Transforms in the Complex
Domain, Amer. Math. Soc., New York, 1934.
76. R. S. Pinkham, An inversion of the Laplace and Stieltjes transforms
utilizing difference operators, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 83(1956), no. 1, 1-18.
77. M. Plancherel, Integraldarstellungen willkurlicher Funktionen, Math.
Ann, 67(1909), 519-534.
78. H. Pollard, Real inversion formulas for Laplace integrals, Duke Math.
J. 711940), 445-452.
79. H. Pollard, Integral transforms, Duke Math. J. 13(1946), 307-330.
80. A. P. Prudnikov, Yu. A. Brychkov and O. I. Marichev, Integrals and Series.
Vol. 1: Elementary Functions, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1986.
81. A. P. Prudnikov, Yu. A. Brychkov and O. I. Marichev, Integrals and
Series. Vol. 2: Special Functions, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1986.
82. A. P. Prudnikov, Yu. A. Brychkov and O. I. Marichev, Integrals and Series.
Vol. 3: More Special Functions, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1990.
83. A. P. Prudnikov, Yu. A. Brychkov and O. I. Marichev, Calculation of
integrals and Mellin transformation, /togi Nauki i Tekhniki. Mat. Anal.,
VINITI AN SSSR 27(1989), 3-146.
84. G. E. Roberts and H. Kaufman, Table of Laplace Transforms, McAinsh,
Toronto, 1966.
85. P. G. Rooney, A generalisation of the complex inversion formula for
Laplace transformation, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 5(1954), no. 3, 385-391.
86. P. G. Rooney, On an inversion formula for the Laplace transformation,
Canad. J. Math. 7(1955), no. 1, 101-115.
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°7. 7. hs, Eine Umkehrformel zur Laplace—Transformation, Wiss. Z.

tock. Math.-naturwiss. Reihe 4(1954-1955), no. 1, 23-26.
Transform calculus with an introduction to complex
variables, Harper and Brothers, New York, 1955.
89. I. Z. Shtokalo, Operational Calculus: Generalization and Applications,
Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1972.
90. M. G. Smith, Laplace Transform Theory, D. Van Nostrand, London, 1966.
91. I. N. Sneddon, Fourier Transforms, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951.
92. H. M. Srivastava and P. W. Karlsson, Multiple Gaussian Hypergeometric
Series, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1985.
93. W. T. Thompson, Laplace Transformation, Prentice-Hall, New York, 1950.
94. E. C. Titchmarsh, An Introduction to the Theory of Fourier Integrals,
2nd. ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1948.
95. L. Toscano, Sul complemento della funzione gamma incompleta nel
calcolo simbolico, Boll. Unione mat. ital. 10(1955), no. 4, 484-488.
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1955.
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Birkhauser-Verlag, Basel, 1950.
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N. J., 1946.
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Cambridge University Press, 1933.
LIST OF NOTATIONS
OF FUNCTIONS AND CONSTANTS

Ai@)=1]2 x,BB 5 oa is the Airy function

arccos Zz, arcsinz, arccotz, arctanz are the inverse trigonometric functions.
arccosh z, arcsinh z, arccoth z, arctanhz are the hyperbolic functions.
argz is the argument of the complex number z (z=IzI1e ae)
B, are the Bernoulli numbers.
BL) are the Bernoulli polinomials.
bei, (z), ber, (2), bei(z)=bei, (z), ber(z)=ber) (2), (ber, (z)+ibei, (z)=

=J'4 (BEES are the Kelvin functions.

Bi(z) {5 |)
ska oii aga 27) is the Airy function.

C=-p(1)=0.5772156649... is the Euler—Masceroni constant.

co

c@=—— | tos t dt is the Fresnel cosine integral.

V20 0

co

C(x, v)= \ tloos

tdt [Re v<1] is the generalized Fresnel cosine integral.
x

(22)
C= a oF ifn,n+2A; A+ 33
eel are the Gegenbauer polynomials.

chi(x)=C+In x+{ "cosh t-1) dt is the hyperbolic cosine integral.

0 e

co

ci(y=— |t ‘cost dt is the cosine integral.

x

cos z=cosh (it)=- 5 = — is the trigonometric function.

608 LIST OF NOTATIONS

Zz Sys

cosh z= £52 — is the hyperbolic function.

COIsizue- et : : ‘
COl 2= asia: coth(iz) is the trigonometric function.

z ear 4

-coth z= coshz_¢ +e — is the hyperbolic function.

CLO
at ©

a
csc z=
ie Oe
77 is the trigonometric function.

n/2
Dij= | 22-4)
in’ tdt "5s the complete elliptic integral.
041k gas Y

2 2
D(z) “9 ise(-Fs Une
a)
is the parabolic—cylinder function.

n/2

E(k)= J1 1-k7? sin’? dtis the complete elliptic integral of the second kind.
0

0)
E(9,kK)= 1 1-k? sin’ td? is the elliptic integral of the second kind.
0

Ez. are the Euler numbers.

EB) are the Euler polynomials.

It

E (2z)= x |sinet-2 sin?) dt is the Weber function.

0
x
Ei(x)= |e dt is the exponential integral.
—-co

Pa
E(p34,39;b 52) eS=E((a,);(b)32)
: Sey pil Ae) cz
=£(9 Ce
==(2] ee
=aa [:1,(b qg|
(a))

is the MacRobert E-function.

e=2.718281828459...
Zz . : .
eé =expz is the exponential function.
 LIST OF NOTATIONS 609

x
2

erf (x)= 2 e ‘dt is the error function.

a 0
co

erfc(x)=1-Steeles “dt is the complementary error function.

co

erfi(x) = ale
—— e ‘dl is the error function of an imaginary argument.

9
Fcg,k)= | dt is the elliptic integral of the first kind.
[Ek “sin
co (a), (b), Jk
pe
oF aibicxz) nea=F a,b;z) J=F
E _ Abay»pak a OF BeET Citi,

=f |© {at WO ae (1-tz) ° dt [Re c>Re b>0; |arg(1-z)|<z]

b, c—b
0
is the Gauss hypergeometric function.

fg ney Gy by a 63 z) = Fj ((a,) (6) 532)=

= Ci GLE (a_)3z (2) \ is

=F 5" ss bf “Fala “Fal 0 )-

oo (a,),(a,),.-.(a,) k
Cape Lora TT is the generalized hypergeometric
k&o ‘ 1k ial oxi "3 q

function.
k
co (a) ,Zz
PF @ b; z)= ” (by kt 'S the Kummer confluent hypergeometric
=0
function.
Ee F i
(a,b p 55 Cpr eey Cui Zyy very z,

k k
)
(a) B teeth
COm 1
YB ky ue tO” n
S) ki) 1 ere soe
n

- ki k 0
Cc1 ky
ye n
ee) k 1
here n
BE

is the Lauricella function.

610 LIST OF NOTATIONS

(n)
Fo (a, b; Cyr eres Ops Zys »Z)=

k k
(a) kit: (db) 1 n
y + ki hagect +k zy 2.
= T 1
pe1 n
CY 1
APTA Canty: n
ky n°

is the Lauricella function.

F jos z,t) [j-1, 2,3, 4] are the Appell functions.

,
co (a) k+l CBY k Abay LAZ OEMAS
F 1 (a, b, b'; c; z, %)= Aor
» —__4* Coe?
1 __4_-4 kil! 4 [z1,181<1)

, , oo (a), Cb), (eekt

F(a,
2 b,b 5c, ¢ 3 2,%)= Kt
D; aKI! )s*z FRI
(c), Ce ae

oo (a) 5 (an) Cy bey k 2!

F(a, a’, b, b; ¢; 2, t)= d ;Etzy #([lel-tet<t
k,T=0 CO |

ex (a), , CBAAYE
F(a, bse, e532, Ome) Ty [Vv] z|+v¥ | ¢-1<1)
A t=). 4c)
7(ek cee
co k
c- ) ——1) — ~ 0.9159655942... is the Catalan constant.
k=0 (2k+1)

Qa a
. il is the Meijer G-function.
pene by

Z.
aes
Se a
[5] T(v+372)
1 Se
NAGE: v+ on =
ey r4 .
is the Struve
;
function.

H) (2y=J_(2)+i¥_ (2),
Vv
H (2)=F (2)=i¥ (2) are the Bessel functions. ot
Vv Vv Vv Vv v

the third kind (Hankel ‘functions of the first and second kinds).
 LIST OF NOTATIONS 611

Z n 2
H @)=(-1)"e" d 7 & -z are the Hermite
: P
polynomials.
dz

~vnil2 7 nid) ; h
I oh
v evel)
Zz x
tl)
F
Ott
eee
an poo Hie sez) is)the

modified Bessel function of the first kind (Bessel function of an imaginary

argument).
Imz is the imaginary part of the complex number z=x+iy (Im z=y).

Vv 2
A 1
OR aeAl 01F [ve aa is the Bessel function of the first

kind.
m18

J @= x |costvt—z sin t) dt is the Anger function.

0
co

i,co=[ a) dt is the integral Bessel function of the first kind.

x

aX:

J(x,yy=1-€? |eI, Qvyt) dt

0

n/2
K(k)= dt is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind.
0 { 1-k*sin’t

a MR 2)fa! rs
[v¥n],
: K(z)=lim
pe K (2) [n=0,+1 ,+2,...]
K(z)= 2sinvan

is the MacDonald function (modified Bessel function of the third kind).

1 : :
k (z)= r(v/241) W 721/222) is the Bateman function.

kei (z), ker (z), kei(z)=kei,(z), ker(z)=ker, (z)

v v 0 0

hae -vni/2 ni/4

(ker, (2) +i kei, (z)=e K fe z)) are the Kelvin functions.
co

Ki,~o={ t'K i) dt is the integral Bessel function of the third kind.

x
612 LIST OF NOTATIONS

-(v+1) mag (ell?

L (2) =e z) is the modified Struve function.

L, (2)=L)(@) are the Laguerre polynomials.

a Md we ee
bars ap (z ~e ) are the generalized Laguerre polynomials.
ad:
co k
Li@=Y = [zi<i,
bd 2 be

P|
mee fe dt [Re v>0;_ |arg(1-z) |<n]
woaey: Tes
0 é yA

is the polylogarithm of order v.

ae

dt
li(z)=Ei(In z), li(x) -{ th is the logarithmic integral.
t
0
i(arg z+2IUk)
In z=In |z|+iargz is the natural logarithm [z-|z/e 5 Leases,ul

_ _p+l/2 -z/2
M, ‘2 =Z e Fy unat 5;2u+1;z) is the Whittaker confluent

hypergeometric function.

yet 2k-n-1
0,(=4 a, Anko (3) are the Neumann polynomials.

ire n

P = 2 d * (el are the Legendre polynomials.

endiz

P (z)=P°(2)=,F | (-¥, 1+v; 1454 {Jarg(1+z)|<x] is the Legendre

function of the first kind.

/
1 +1)5 e
PL@* FIs ES) oF (-y, Ty; =p; 1 [larg(z+1) |<n]

/2
Po
pire T(1-p)
1 1+x)"
(3) oF, (-¥, I+v; l—p;
tae ae7} ) [-l<x<1]

is the associated Legendre function of the first kind.

 LIST OF NOTATIONS 613

s n ce a n
PLO (= LD)2) P42) wa [(i-z)""(1+z)°"") are the Jacobi
n! Zz

polynomials.

Q.(z)=Q°(z) is the Legendre function of the second kind.

Q)PG (2)= aaa vn [ne37]

nu
yew (22-1) 4/2 x
q°t!
v+3/2

x oF (Sept ge ease 3 = [|arg(z+1) |,|arg z|<x]

y Peds -ipn/2~p ; ipn/2,p F

Q) (x)= | Q. (x+i0) + e Q cx-i0)| =

=F csc pom [Pte cos wary | Poo] [-l<x<1] is the

associated Legendre function of the second kind.

Rez is the real part of the complex number z=x+iy (Re z=x).
x

1 -1/2.. ‘ e Tne
S(x)= fr sint dt is the Fresnel sine integral.
I
0
co

S(x, v)= fer'sin e at {Re v<1] is the generalized Fresnel sine integral.

[nf2] ; LE sy it: 2k-n

S (z)= 2 see [4] ; $= are the Schlafli polynomials.

S PAZ (as (z+2hrf,

ordMig Oeke
(Ht ¥t1)/2] (2)250
(l+v-p) /2
facea4 tie "

u-1_f-v, (1+p-v)/2] (z)” Rae Zee

+7 Bees 1) oF [1493 4 ] is the

Lommel function.
2
p+
a ee. ee SA aes a IeRe ee
Fit 5 e r gee] IShthe
$y, v2 (u-v+1) (p+vt1)
Lommel function.
614 LIST OF NOTATIONS

sec page is the trigonometric function.

coOsz
ok : ;
sech z= Foshen > the hyperbolic function.

shi(x)= [sinh t dt= -iSi(ix) is the hyperbolic sine integral.

0
x

Sito= |C'sin dt is the sine integral.

0

si(x) =Si(x) — 5 == it'sintdt is the sine integral.

Bg

bez -iz
sin z= -i Se is the trigonometric function.

e*-e*
sinh z= 7 is the hyperbolic function.

1, x>0,
sgnx= + 0, x=0,
—1, x<0

T (2) =Cos(n arccos 2)= 4 [(z+4 z ee Diraed go =) )"] are the Chebyshev

polynomials of the first kind.

2 Sines ns A
lan 2= 2 itanh(iz) is the tangent function.

: Zz =
Siu @ =e , : ;
tanh z= coshz. 2 cz |S the hyperbolic tangent function.
e +e

U,(2)= sin[(n+l)arccosz]
are the Chebyshev polynomials of
[ 72
— Zi

the second kind.

1/2 -z/
Lines a2 e- *y(un 7 2u+l; 4 is the Whittaker confluent

hypergeometric function.
 LIST OF NOTATIONS 615

cosvnJ v
(z)-J iy
(z)
Y,,(z)= [v<n],
sinvax

Y = lim Y (2) {n-0, +1, +2, ...] is the Neumann function

Wr

(Bessel function of the second kind).

¥,(2)=F 9 -mnel 5 are the Bessel polynomials.

co

Yi (x)= | ty dt is the integral Bessel function of the second kind.

x

B(a, B)= ea is the beta function.

noe) ol)
T(z)= |frXect dt [Re z>0] is the gamma function.
0
co

Tv, x)= i)
t’le dt is the complementary incomplete gamma function.
x

y(v, x)= Pv) -T, oe dt is the incomplete gamma function.

0

mm

(a_) a a aH: ea k ( 4

: HP cb).
l= 1

Lh Cine a+k-1
A (k, a)= k kK? ’ k

6 = Ji! mn is the Kronecker symbol.

mn \l, m=n
616 LIST OF NOTATIONS

C(z)= Rn)1 (Re z>1] is the Riemann zeta function.

“1k?

C(z, y=) : 7) [Re z>1; v0, -1, -2,...] is the

k=0 (u+k)

generalized Riemann zeta function.

8.(2, q) are the elliptic theta functions.

8, (2,=1+2 eY (-1)"q°ke cos 2kz

k (k+1/2)"
8, (z, = aye(-1)"q¢ sin(2k+1)z

(k+1/2)"
co

8, (z, 9) se q cos(2k+1)z

2
8,(z, Q=1+2 y a cos 2kz

6, (2, 9)=6,(z, 9)

co. = 2
= 1 airtel (x+k¥1/2)
Banc Wi 2 ) (+1) os q |
k=0

-oo i, 2
_ y 1)*exp K (x+k¥F1/2)
ks -1 z

a Aenea pene (x+k)?

oa 2 {5 (+1) os q |
a (nq) k=0

~co 2

-Y @p*exp|-4t—
k= -1 q

A,(, = 2 [EO F(@,d 1-2) +K (E(@,d 1-k2)-K (FOAL -2))

 LIST OF NOTATIONS 617

A(z, a)= fz T(t+l)

0

ee i, mee bckig
o8 cl? 22st we [ittez dt
ne N= [rr BE, +O | Ts o+1)
0 0

ss t t+¢
2 Zz Pe: t dt
v= |Ee COIS | TPCeege1)
0 0
n/2
dt
TI(v, k)=
0 Clevsin- te lek since

olay eta), AB), k

wiz
S 1 (a, a’, berm, 2)= “ro Cy k!1! (Iwi<1}

co (a), (6b) kon

k kw z
= (a, b; c; w, z)= Y SS
2 50 CO ae| S|SA
k!1! (lwi<1]

D(z, s,v)= ) Z = Wels v0, -1, -2, 1

k=0 (vt+k)

co =6(a) (5b) fe il
® (a, 5; ¢; w, 2)= » at {|z|<1]
ered int

P
ooanbiy k
Cb" ) lw ktiz
@,(b, b 3c; w, z)= d ——_—_———_
2 go (Copy) PA

oo (b) k w
kal
Zz
@,(b; c; w, z)= d
3 Kt (Ope KEE!

=e oe c-1] _1-e PO ae
(a,c: DF tee| Fi G a+r a FE \F, (ita c; 2-c; z)

is the Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function.

618 LIST OF NOTATIONS

oo (a) (6b) k !
Y eo
WG, b; ¢; ¢; w, 2)= k Fug RitFE ),katAIL
(OD,
Oieit#FBE

y , aa (ayy, whee!
(a; C3;C 3 Ww, z)= d a
2 k. T-0 (co), Ce y, AIL

ap(z)= [In F(z)

] = aa is the psi function.

n
yp” Gye a p(z)
dz
LIST OF MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
(a)=a,, 4), .-.54, is the special vector.

(a,b )=a,-5,, a,—b,, Sars a,-6,

(a,)+s=a eS
1 2<b Sa toes a,+s
(a) ~a=a,-a,, 335 ay > Fig 4j 9

(a) ,=a(atl) ... (at+k-1) [kel,2,2, 1, (a))=1 is the Pochhammer symbol.

nt=1-2-3...(n-1)n, O!=1!=1

(2n)!!=2-4-6 ... (2n—2)2n=2'n!

(2n+1)!!=1-3°5 ... (2n+1)=

ss Tin+s]=]5]
3). (3)n82
Se 2 2Jn

(2k) '!, n=2k

ni!= (2k+1)!!, n-2k+1, C8 DEI

k
(j)- te tee. ie wet erur tes :
(
k = k! = ki (n-k) ! k}
are the binomial coefficients.
Rea, Re b>c means Rea>c and Re b>c.

[xJ=n [n<x<n<1, n-0, +1, +2,...] is the integral part of x.

z=x-iy [z=x+iy]

|x|= x, x20,
—x, x<0
‘ r
ee Lae exoO,
+ \0, x<0
n
= =
I Fa ms an Lar]
ieee | [n<m]
co n
[] 2(2=1im [] 4
k=1 n300 k=1
n
; a,=a,,+4,,,)+-.+a
=
[n2m]
Bo

“m =0 [n<m]
n

a,(z)= lim a, (z)

i ‘ n-co ny i
 di
¥ Jt @, 21%
; tagek

= ia),
™* Phen eo te é
iodasye saheaniidee’ air a
etr)<fin Itz] Beit ta ive yl a

e 7 y i=

4 '%~-)*tie) i“
ri
fede . ti a

(5) aoe. ae Lie eryar es “

 INTEGRALS AND SERIE!
“Certainly one of the most important reference books for mathem
physicists, engineers, and others working in fields where such form
likely to occur.” —Mathematics of Computation

Integrals and Series OeecT

GOEEECTO
O “LS
NHOP
Y3AHSI4
39371090
AWN

Volume 4: Direct Laplace Transforms

Volume 5: Inverse Laplace Transforms
by A.P. Prudnikov, Yu.A. Brychkov and O.I. Marichev
Volumes 4 and 5 of the extensive series Integrals and Series are devoted to tables of Laplace
Transforms. In these companion volumes the authors have collected data scattered
throughout the literature, and have augmented this material with many unpublished results
obtained in their own research.
Volume 4 contains tables of direct Laplace transforms, a number of which are expressed in
terms of the Meijer G-function. When combined with the table of special cases, these
formulas can be used to obtain Laplace transforms of numerous elementary and special
functions of mathematical physics.
Volume 5 offers tables of inversion formulas for the Laplace transformation and includes
tables of factorization and inversion of various integral transforms.

About the authors

A.P. Prudnikov, state prizewinner in mathematics (1978), was
v educated at Kuibyshev
Aviation Institute and the Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computing Techniques,
Moscow. He is currently leading professor and head of the Department of Mathematical
Physics at the USSR Academy of Sciences Computer Center in Moscow. After graduating
from Moscow State University and the USSR Academy of Sciences Mathematical Institute.
Yu.A. Brychkov also joined the Computing Center, where he is now senior research associate. —
O.I. Marichev studied mathematics at the Byelorussian State University in Minsk where he
was later appointed professor. He is currently a member of the technical staff in the
Algorithm Development Department of Wolfram Research Inc., Champaign, Illinois, USA.

Titles of related interest...

INTEGRALS AND SERIESVolume 1: Elementary Functions
Volume 2: Special Functions
Volume 3: More Special Functions
by A.P. Prudnikov, Yu.A. Brychkov and O.I. Marichev
INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS
by Yu.A. Brychkov and A.P. Prudnikov
TABLES OF INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
by Yu.A. Brychkov, O.I. Marichev and A.P. Prudnikov
MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATIONS.
by Yu.A. Brychkov, H.-J. Glaeske, A.P. Prudnikov and Vu Kim Tuan

ISBN 2-88124-837-3/Volume 4
2-88124-838-1/Volume 5
2-88124-836-5/Volumes 4 & 5 two-part set
ISBN 2 - 88124 - 837 - 3

Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Australia

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