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ML Report

The document is a course report by Yukta Sachdev analyzing a heart disease data set using machine learning algorithms in Orange data mining. It defines key concepts like machine learning, artificial intelligence, and deep learning. It then discusses how machine learning can be applied in healthcare by using patient data to find patterns and predict outcomes.

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yukta sachdev
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122 views13 pages

ML Report

The document is a course report by Yukta Sachdev analyzing a heart disease data set using machine learning algorithms in Orange data mining. It defines key concepts like machine learning, artificial intelligence, and deep learning. It then discusses how machine learning can be applied in healthcare by using patient data to find patterns and predict outcomes.

Uploaded by

yukta sachdev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MACHINE LEARNING COURSE REPORT

BY: Yukta Sachdev


Topic: heart disease analysis

Data > Model > Action.


In this course, I was asked to experiment with a real-world data set and
explain how machine learning algorithms can be used to find patterns in
data. I was expected to gain experience using orange data mining. This is
my final report on the data set heart diseases.

What is machine learning?


‘Machine learning gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly learned’
is the definition given by Arthur Sammuel’s in his paper. Almost six decades later, this
definition remains widely accepted. Although not directly mentioned in Arthur Samuel’s
definition, a key feature of machine learning is the concept of self-learning. This is what
Arthur Samuel described as the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.
But he doesn’t infer that machines formulate decisions with no upfront programming.
On the contrary, machine learning is heavily dependent on computer programming.
Instead, Samuel observed that machines don’t require a direct input command to
perform a set task but rather input data.

What is the difference between machine learning, Artificial


intelligence, and Deep learning?
 Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think and act like humans. Artificial intelligence helps perform
tasks with minimal human intervention.
 While Machine learning is a subset of Artificial intelligence which allows
computers to learn from patterns and relationships in data and use this
knowledge to make decisions and build the application. This is accomplished by
feeding the algorithms large amounts of data and allowing them to adjust their
processes based on the patterns and relationships they discover in the data.
 On the other hand, Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that focuses on
neural networks with many layers. These deep neural networks are designed to
mimic the structure and function of the human brain, allowing computers to
process and analyse large amounts of complex, unstructured data.

How machine learning in healthcare works and why is matters:

When you use machine learning in health care, you rely on an ever-evolving
patient data set. You can use this data to find patterns that allow medical
professionals to recognize new diseases, make decisions about risks, and
predict treatment outcomes.

Because of the volume of patients and the diverse medical technologies used to
collect data, having medical devices sync to a central “network” is a convenient
way to compile large volumes of information.

Machine learning falls under the broad category of artificial intelligence. While
many types of artificial intelligence exist, certain ones are more applicable to
the needs of the health care industry. Machine learning engineers in health care
often focus on streamlining medical administrative systems (such as health
care records), finding trends in large clinical data sets, and creating medical
devices to assist physicians.

The algorithm model uses machine learning (ML) techniques to compute


and predict the patient cardiovascular health after it has obtained essential
data from the human body. This data includes the patient heart rate, ECG
signal, age, diameter narrowing, chest pain, rest SBP, rest ECG, max HR,SR
by exercise, major vessels coloured, thal. This is the data set:

Machine learning can be further divided into three categories-


Supervised learning:
 The algorithm is trained on a dataset with known inputs and outputs, and the
goal is to learn the relationship between the inputs and outputs. We are aware of
the target answer.
 Machine Learning algorithms learns the model based on the labelled data set and
predicts the label for the unknown data.
 We use training examples to help the program learn with examples of things that
are already classified. The program finds common patterns or features within the
training examples that are common in certain examples once the program has
learned it is presented with unknown data and it will learn what it used to
classify them.
 There are two types of supervised learning:
 Classification- when a computer program learns to classify things into
different categories based on examples or data.
Eg: Orange tool
Steps of classification:
- Training Phase
- Testing Phase
- Prediction Phase

Types of classification:
- Binary Classification ->To classify the input data into one category out of two
categories.
- Multi-Class Classification->To classify the input data into one class out of
multiple categories.
- Multi-Label Classification->To classify the input data into mutually exclusive
categories.
Data set statistics:
 Regression- Relationship with two or more variables where a change in
one variable is associated with a change in another variable.

Tree based model:


Confusion matrix:

A confusion matrix is a way to measure how well a machine learning algorithm


is performing. It is often used to evaluate models that are used for tasks such as
text classification. After the model has made its predictions, you can use a
confusion matrix to see how accurate it was.

Data set Predictions:


Unsupervised learning:
 The algorithm is given a dataset without any labels or known outputs, and the
goal is to discover patterns, relationships, or structures within the data.
 The machine must uncover hidden patterns and create labels using unsupervised
learning algorithms. The k-means clustering algorithm is a popular example of
unsupervised learning.
K-means clustering:
o Unsupervised machine learning used for data clustering or
grouping.
o Each data point belongs to the cluster with the closest mean value
of K is specified by the used beforehand.
Predictions:
Scatter plot:

Feature statistics:
Conclusion:

There is an urgent need for AI-based technologies that can promptly and
reliably predict the future outcomes of individuals who have
cardiovascular disease. This research presents a collection of machine
learning models that can be used to address this problem. These models
consider the data observation mechanisms and training procedures of
several different algorithms.

Fin.

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