M4 Yash Allabadi
M4 Yash Allabadi
M4 Yash Allabadi
8085 Microprocessor
DEFINATION OF MICROPROCESSOR:
The microprocessor is a programmable device that takes in numbers, performs on them arithmetic
or logical operations according to the program stored in memory and then produces other numbers
as a result
The Intel 8085 ("eighty-eighty-five") is an 8-bit microprocessor produced by Intel and introduced in
March 1976.[2] It is a software-binary compatible with the more-famous Intel 8080 with only two
minor instructions added to support its added interrupt and serial input/output features. However,
it requires less support circuitry, allowing simpler and less expensive microcomputer systems to be
built.8085 is pronounced as "eighty-eighty-five" microprocessor. It is an 8-bit microprocessor
designed by Intel in 1977 using NMOS technology.
It has the following configuration −
Accumulator
It is an 8-bit register used to perform arithmetic, logical, I/O & LOAD/STORE operations. It is
connected to internal data bus & ALU.
As the name suggests, it performs arithmetic and logical operations like Addition, Subtraction, AND,
OR, etc. on 8-bit data.
There are 6 general purpose registers in 8085 processor, i.e. B, C, D, E, H & L. Each register can hold
8-bit data.
These registers can work in pair to hold 16-bit data and their pairing combination is like B-C, D-E &
H-L.
Program counter
It is a 16-bit register used to store the memory address location of the next instruction to be
executed. Microprocessor increments the program whenever an instruction is being executed, so
that the program counter points to the memory address of the next instruction that is going to be
executed.
Stack pointer
It is also a 16-bit register works like stack, which is always incremented/decremented by 2 during
push & pop operations.
Temporary register
It is an 8-bit register, which holds the temporary data of arithmetic and logical operations.
Flag register
It is an 8-bit register having five 1-bit flip-flops, which holds either 0 or 1 depending upon the result
stored in the accumulator.
These are the set of 5 flip-flops −
Sign (S)
Zero (Z)
Auxiliary Carry (AC)
Parity (P)
Carry (C)
Its bit position is shown in the following table −
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
S Z AC P CY
It is an 8-bit register. When an instruction is fetched from memory then it is stored in the
Instruction register. Instruction decoder decodes the information present in the Instruction
register.
Interrupt control
As the name suggests it controls the interrupts during a process. When a microprocessor is
executing a main program and whenever an interrupt occurs, the microprocessor shifts the control
from the main program to process the incoming request. After the request is completed, the
control goes back to the main program.
There are 5 interrupt signals in 8085 microprocessor: INTR, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, TRAP.
It controls the serial data communication by using these two instructions: SID (Serial input data)
and SOD (Serial output data).
The content stored in the stack pointer and program counter is loaded into the address buffer and
address-data buffer to communicate with the CPU. The memory and I/O chips are connected to
these buses; the CPU can exchange the desired data with the memory and I/O chips.
Data bus carries the data to be stored. It is bidirectional, whereas address bus carries the location
to where it should be stored and it is unidirectional. It is used to transfer the data & Address I/O
devices.
8085 Architecture
We have tried to depict the architecture of 8085 with this following image −
The following image depicts the pin diagram of 8085 Microprocessor −
Address bus
A15-A8, it carries the most significant 8-bits of memory/IO address.
Data bus
AD7-AD0, it carries the least significant 8-bit address and data bus.
These signals are used to identify the nature of operation. There are 3 control signal and 3 status
signals.
Three control signals are RD, WR & ALE.
RD − This signal indicates that the selected IO or memory device is to be read and is ready
for accepting data available on the data bus.
WR − This signal indicates that the data on the data bus is to be written into a selected
memory or IO location.
ALE − It is a positive going pulse generated when a new operation is started by the
microprocessor. When the pulse goes high, it indicates address. When the pulse goes down
it indicates data.
Three status signals are IO/M, S0 & S1.
IO/M
This signal is used to differentiate between IO and Memory operations, i.e. when it is high indicates
IO operation and when it is low then it indicates memory operation.
S1 & S0
Power supply
There are 2 power supply signals − VCC & VSS. VCC indicates +5v power supply and VSS indicates
ground signal.
Clock signals
There are 2 serial signals, i.e. SID and SOD and these signals are used for serial communication.
SOD (Serial output data line) − The output SOD is set/reset as specified by the SIM
instruction.
SID (Serial input data line) − The data on this line is loaded into accumulator whenever a
RIM instruction is executed.