C 641 - 98 - Qzy0mq - 1-2

Designation: C 641 – 98e1
Standard Test Method for

Iron Staining Materials in Lightweight Concrete Aggregates1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 641; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e1 NOTE—Editorial corrections were applied to Figure 3 and 9.1.2.
1. Scope 4.2 Sieves— 9.5-mm (3⁄8-in.) and 600-µm (No. 30) sieves
1.1 This test method covers the testing of lightweight conforming to Specification E 11.
concrete aggregates to evaluate the potential degree of staining 4.3 Filter Paper—250 6 10-mm diameter, rapid filtering,
from iron compounds. high wet bursting strength, quantitative grade white filter paper.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.4 Cheesecloth Wrapping—Two thicknesses, reagent grade
standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are cheesecloth, approximately 457 mm (18 in.) square is sufficient
provided for information only. for wrapping each sample.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety 4.5 Steam Bath—Any suitable apparatus that will meet the
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the requirement of the test procedure. Water in the steam bath, and
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health makeup water, shall be iron-free water or distilled water.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- NOTE 1—An oven top glassware sterilizer made of nonferrous materials
tions prior to use. is satisfactory.
2. Referenced Documents 5. Reagents

2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc- used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
tural Concrete2 all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
C 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con- tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
crete Masonry Units2 where such specifications are available.3
C 702 Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to 5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
Testing Size2 to water shall be understood to mean distilled water or water of
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates2 equal purity.
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing 5.3 Concentration of Reagents:
Purposes2 5.3.1 Concentrated Acid and Ammonium Hydroxide—When
reagents are specified by name it shall be understood that
3. Significance and Use concentrated reagents of the following specific gravity are
3.1 This test method evaluates the potential degree of intended:
staining attributable to the presence of iron compounds in a Hydrochloric acid (HCl) sp gr 1.19
lightweight aggregate sample primarily by means of a visual Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) sp gr 0.90
classification method. Such compounds may or may not 5.3.2 Diluted acid is described in terms of the number of
produce stains on the surface of the concrete in which the volumes of the concentrated reagent to be added to a given
aggregate is incorporated. number of volumes of water. Thus HCl (1 + 2) means 1 volume
of HCl (sp gr 1.19) added to 2 volumes of water.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Balance—A balance or scale accurate to within 0.1 % of 6. Sampling
the test load at any point within the range of use. 6.1 Sample in accordance with Practice D 75.
6.2 After reducing a field sample to an appropriate size in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete
3
and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.21on “Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications,” Am. Chemi-
Lightweight Aggregates. cal Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published May 1999. Originally the American Chemical Society, see “Reagent Chemicals and Standards,” by Joseph
published as C 641 – 69. Last previous edition C 641 – 82 (1991). Rosin, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, NY, and the “United States
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Pharmacopeia.”
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
C 641
accordance with Methods C 702, thoroughly dry the aggregate HCl from a dropping bottle and rinsing with hot distilled water
and prepare by sieving material to pass the 9.5-mm (3⁄8-in.) from a wash bottle. Otherwise, dissolve the iron compound on
sieve and is retained on the 600-µm (No. 30) sieve. the washed and dried filter papers by digesting in HCl (1 + 1)
and filtering out the residue of filter pulp washing thoroughly
7. Procedure with hot water. Precipitate the iron in the filtrate as ferric
7.1 Select two portions each weighing 100 g from the hydroxide Fe(OH)3 by adding NH4OH dropwise to neutralize
aggregate sample prepared for test. the acid using methyl red indicator solution. Redissolve the
7.2 Crimp the edges of two filter papers to form cup-shaped Fe(OH) 3 precipitate using 10 cm3 of HCl (1 + 1) and determine
receptacles approximately 130 mm (5 in.) in diameter and 60 the iron quantitatively as Fe2O3 by standard titration proce-
mm (21⁄2 in.) in depth. Place one of the 100-g portions in each dures.
filter cup, spreading to a uniform depth. Fold the sides of the NOTE 2—The iron may be determined by using other standard quanti-
cup to the center and press in that position. tative procedures.
7.3 Wrap both portions of the prepared sample, one on top
of the other, in cheesecloth. Saturate with distilled water and 8. Calculation
expose to steam in the steam bath for 16 h, adding distilled 8.1 Calculate the determined Fe2O3 to the nearest 0.01 mg
water as make-up water as required. (to be reported to the nearest 0.1) as follows:
7.4 Remove from the steam bath, and carefully remove the Fe2O3, mg/200 g 5 E 3 V (1)
aggregate from the filter papers. Wash both papers in water,
place on a watch glass, and oven dry at a temperature of 110 6 where:
5°C (230 6 9°F). The insoluble products of the decomposition E 5 Fe2O3 equivalent of standard titration solution, mg/
of iron compounds in the aggregate will be deposited on the mL,
filter paper as red, green, or black stains. V 5 millilitres of standard titration solution required by the
7.5 Rate the extent of staining on the filter papers by the stains from the 200-g sample.
Visual Classification Method. 9. Report
7.5.1 Visual Classification Method—Evaluate the extent and 9.1 The report shall include the following:
intensity of the stains on the filter paper in accordance with the 9.1.1 Identification of the sample,
photographic stain index reference standards shown in Figs. 9.1.2 Stain index, as evaluated by the Visual Classification
1-5: The photographic stain index ranges from No Stain (stain Method, when required, and
index 5 0) to a Very Heavy Stain (stain index 5 100). 9.1.3 Iron content as milligrams of Fe2O 3 per 200 g of
7.6 When required by Specification C 330 and Specification sample evaluated by the Chemical Analysis Method.
C 331, follow the procedure of the Chemical Analysis Method.
7.6.1 Chemical Analysis Method—The iron deposits may 10. Precision and Bias
be dissolved from the filter papers by careful application of 10.1 Classification Method—Not applicable.
Stain Index 5 100

FIG. 1 Visual Degree of Staining

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Designation: C 641 – 98e1

Standard Test Method for

e1 NOTE—Editorial corrections were applied to Figure 3 and 9.1.2.

2. Referenced Documents 5. Reagents

Stain Index 5 100

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