WORKBOOK 7 Wey) =! Electrical Engineering Signals & Systems PublicationsWORKBOOK Electical Engineering Contents a~ Important Formulae ava. 1. Continuous Time Signals & Systems cement ° 2 Discrete Time Signals and Systems 15 3 Continuous Time Fourier Series. 19 4 Fourier Transform and Sampling Theorem 23 5. Laplace Transform 2% Discrete Time Fourier Transform 33 7. eTransform 38 8 Discrete Fouri “Signals & Systems IMPORTANT FORMULAE 1, Continuous Time Signals & Systems Elementary Signals 1. Unit step function uo yo fii too 1 4 + 2. Unit impulse function avo aU POlaRS BURGOS @ Derivative of the convolution ait) _ dxlt) , at A= =x) of ae | Convolution of two delayed functions | Vit) = x4(0) * x(t) at =f) * alt v(t=G+6)) Time scaling property y= x4() *x,(0) pid * xpfat) = rented |; sa#0 jn: t=0 a) = o teo Properties of the impulse function © Special Cases {)._ Impulse function is @ continuous function and 7 the area under this function is equal to one’ HBC = J (2) E- 2) ae = a) J Xoat =1 + = B(t) + 8(t) = J (+) B(t - )de = (1) (i), Time reversal, at) = 4 (ii) Scaling wat) = 16); forazo 2. Discrete Time Signals & Systems ll For discrete-time Continuous-time LTI system nz0 Convolution of two'funetions, x(t) and.x,(t) n<0 1 Properties of the convolution integral * Commutative property 0 " YUt) = wilt) # x9 (0) = xa(t) * lO) Continuous Time| Discrete Time a Ber | Mec) | ad eaba) © Distributive property Rea |_ part ane a valued “ous -] w= a= [50 + Deol + x50]= (0) + 2200) +0) #3500 | pet | | Ben [aie cc) dele til * Associative property Comex conuigate] “3 aoe ste ye Vallee F wie alt) * (xa(t) * x9(0) = (ail) * x2(0) * x9(0) comiato| FED | uel sta4 Electrical Engineering n=0 n#0 Aol " Discrete-time LTI system ¥inl= Py silk] xeln- k] = xln] + xa[n] 3. Fourier Series Fourier Series Representation of Continuous Time Periodic Signals By using Fourier series, a non-sinusoidal periodic function can be expressed as an infinite sum of sinusoidal function. Trigonometric Fo: ‘Any practical periodic function of frequency @, can be expressed as an infinite sum of sine (or) cosine functions that are integral multiples of a H(t) = a + 5; (a C08 wot + b, Sin@ef) a where, a, = Fundamental frequency 45, 4, b,, = Tigonometii¢ Fourier series cootticfent, pe, =n" harmonic of a, 77 a = ziioat o 2F = 7 [cosnant dt at by =p ]sinnost dt 2. Polar form of Trigonometric Fourier Series Hi) =c0+ ¥en ces(roat— tn) © Signals & Systems raneva JoWW Ovi 3 MADE EASY where, % =a lo,| = faa +e? Magnitude spectrum - on (®] a Phase spectrum “a 1 he 2ey Bey Magritude spectrum ety 3. Exponential Fourier series Eom Feat n between Expor Fourier Series and Trigonometric Gy = (Ca + Cn) | + 7 2 a 27! n of Discrete by = ip ~ Cn) | 5 Fou r Series Represent: Time Periodic Signals Fourier series representation of x[n]. with period Nis given as atol= "Soy ety io where, = z yan onyMADE EASY T rank improvement Workbook 5 Publlsations ,i8 periodic with period ‘N’, Ck = Suen [x(0)|at 52 xP at | Sef) x(a) P dw FI [x(t]]=X(o) = f x(t) oat g Seton Roeta |g iixear = 2}[ ee rem | ee + Inverse Fourier transform g a ox wow : ty 13 3 Xineroit) | Ayer 2ef-0) LET [X(o)]= x(t) = f X(a) o!*aa one where, x(t) X,(A)orX,(w) Hilbert Transform fatty} = ate) «4 1 + Impulse response) | h(t) = > pi pi Mt) =F oro Hija) = : 9) : asd ichlets Conditions of Fourier Transformation For existence of Fourier transform © Fourier transform is defined for all stable signals x0) X{NorXla) 5, Discrete Time Fourier Transform Discrete Time Fourier Transform DTFT of an aperiodic signal x[n] is given by x(e*)= ¥ xine rnverse DIFT of X(2/#) is given by xin] 73 og | X00" Rp DIFTis always periodic with period '2n'G Electrical Engineering Signals & Systems Properties of DTFT Frepry | Rae iat Fao Fantom Treaty oT yO “Tieme eniting n= My) om xi) Feeney oiig [= coin Tal Tae oe ca ne sie expanon |aytno) where, x(t) >» X(s) with ROC R x(t) > X,(s) with ROC R, x,(t) + X,(5) with ROC R, Initial value theorem 0%) = lim sF(s) Final value theorem Mo) = (~)= fim sF(s) 7. z-Transform Z+transform Z-transtorm of a general discrete time signal x= Fate Unilateral Z-transform Flo + ja)= f hee" *at = 6-*"F(a) - = X(z)= ¥ alnle” whee, $9 04 jo Ao cemmon mROE EES naeMADE EASY TRankimprovement Workbook 7 Publlsations Left shift xin 1] 2X{2] - 2x(0) Right shift xn — 1] 225. 27'X(z) + x(-1) xin = 2] 225 2°8X(z) + x(-1) + x(-2) First difference x(n] = x[n = 1] = (1= 2) X(2) Conjugation x l= X(Z) I value theorem it xa] =0 x0) = tim X(z) for n<0 Final value theorem af lim(1 = 2-7) X(z) TaeTane WTAOS & fag wan NoRDerY Sv JON OI where, x[n] -> X(z) with ROC R x{[n] + X,(z) with ROC A, x,{n] > X,(2) with ROC R, 8, Discrete Fourier Transform Discrete Fourier Transform DFT of aperiodic x(n] with period Nis given by Sa enity fe x(k) varies from k = 0 to N=4, Inverse DFT of periodic X(k) with period Nis given by sola XW oly Properties of DFT © Forreal fin) FIk]=F*(N-K] FO] = flO] + (1) +... + IN- 1) = lim(z= 0X2) or Inverse Z-transform xin} aah 22 Properties of Z-transform Fy Tonal | Frnctoom | ROE ay | ane aaia, ner] Ro rinesitag | n= rm | oR sexing 40 ag) re erent | ea ae) | eter fet sainefh tot |e “a xe | ok verrner | xeamin | Rory alsin etx) | Rn fel>0) — “a angels} toenaion | ne e fed uenin ou and if Vis even then FIN/2) = f(0) = f(1) + £(2)- * Time reversal of sequence axi(-n)ly © XK al[-oly=x1N- 1] © Circular time shift * Circular frequency shit afr] 228% 6 X([kK—M]y, + Complex conjugate property #[n] XT Ally * Circular Convolution xl] © X,lKI 219] © XL) xg{M] ® yg] © Xy1K]- XC] ‘Multiplication of two sequences xlnlxinle AxIkl ey X[k)8 Electrical Engineering @ Signals & Systems MADE EASY Publizetions. ircular Convolution Fast Fourier Transform ‘The Fast Fourier Transform is a discrete Fourier transform algorithm which reduces the number of compulations needed to find the transform. For Npoint DFT wa flr] @y hin] = > fLATAL(n — kl fa @ yfopresent circular convolution of order N. Al(n— k)]y represent circular shift of order NV to lo Number of mutislications = “log, N Parseval’s Theorem a Sylar]? = wy SMAI? % rm jeu palang WOUdOD Number of additions = Niog, N fag man Hor kava TOW Ol fe a pea vajsanuTed a Sconah MADE ERSe ‘wiradeenpiaionsonEEN o=- | @.1_Aninput-output response of a systemis shown below “0 x0 The impulse response of the system is (a) 28(9 + 8(t- 1) + 8(t-2) (o) 28()-8(t- 1) + 8(¢— 1) + (t+ 2) -B(t-2) 2-2) asta aft-3}a[t-g } +29 + arg) a(t-3}+ a(t} +9(3) + re3}2('-3}+ (te) The convolution of () with ise is given to be Jif) dt. Then whats 407 (a) The uhitramp function (0) Equalto4 (6) The unit step function (@) The unit impuise function () te @ a2 @.3_ A trapezoidal pulse x(1) as shown below is applied toa diferentiatr, yt) = 2 x(t) 9 at I 7 The energy of the signal y(1) is J pear ponles 84 fis 08 Fa OURBEN TRO MON UF DyaRa ASA TOMI OI RUDOIaRS HBUKEOO & ‘ois wan 00) OGM I A OR a4 as as a7 as as SNe a Continuous Time Signals & Systems A signal x() is defined in the range -5 << and has energy of 16 units. I anew signal y(0) is formed by transforming x(@) and is given as ylo= (3) thenithe energy of the new signal 0 will be units Consider the integral y(t) = [7 e“8(2t- Jat The value ot integral is The energy of the signal o-*' + o~*"will be 1 a4 ) > (o) 2 (@) @ Simplified form of expression Jota a4 8te+ Nu) u(2— oat willbe fa) 0 (o) 4 (c) (d) of tet Let x({) = 7e4, then value of will be (a) 7cost (b) Tel (e) Tet (9) 7sint The signal (f) = x(-2t + 3)is shown below x9 4 t 4 0 1 ‘The Graphical representation of signal x(t) wil be10 Electrical Engineering © Signals & Systems a 4 @) > a t 7 5 x0 4 (b) — — t of ® a0 4 iC) _ Le, 0 xf) 4 (9s) > Ly 5 0 @.10 A system with input-output relation is given by y(t) = Retx(t)} The system is (@) Linear and invertible (b) Linear and Noh-invertible (©) Noninear and invertible (6) Noninear and Non-invertible raneva JoWW Oven MADE EASY @.12 In a relaxed LTI system, the input is given by (0) = U(t+ 2) and the impulse response is given by - (t-4) (t+4) rp reo 9 +rect| toot whore, oot) =41' ~2'S2 0; otherwise For what range of time’ is the output 49 not zero? (a) -2toe {b) Sto (©) Ttow (6) Phto -5 @.13 Letx({) be given’as shown below x(0) 10 0 then x(1 — will be given as x) (a) (0) ' m1 Consider the input-oulput relationship for a system. Its impulse response will be x(t) y= J xe9-e8 9 de : = ayy fut ult ) (a) e*“u(t) (b) e~*[u(f) - u(t- 2)] ' (c) eu(t- 2) (a) 3(t) -Y2 1/2 3/2 comer ROE ERS SomeoneMADE EASY @.14 Consider the following circuit with inputx(t) = i(¢) and output yt) = V.(0) © The system is (@) Memoryless (b) Only causal (6) Onlylinear —_(d) Causal LTI system @.15_ An LTI system has step response (1 - e~) u(t) The response of the system for following input x(t) at t= 2s, x(0) aj @16 The impulse response of causal LT! systems given as h(f) = u(t) u(t 6). The inputto this system is shown below. x0) ‘The output of the system at @.17 Consider the following signal: The signal x(t) is expressed as, x(t) = 2u(f) + (t= 2) u(t 2) ~ (t= ult 4) If u(t)is a unit step function, then the value of t, will be —____E Rerirmproverent Workbook Paneva dow Oven 3 ll @.18 Consider the following signals (i) (1) = Asintlor-» < te = Ae4"\for a> 0 di) fe X(t) = ult) (iv) x40) = Acostsintior = f< Which of these signal(s) is/are power signal? (@) x(0) (0) x0) (2) x0 @ x0 Isa, .19 Consider a system Swhose input is x(t) and output is 4) and they are related as, Ad) = b(t) then the system Sis. (@) linear (0) time invariant (6) nondinear (@) time variant ims} @.20 Consider a continuous time LT! system with 1; Ostst x)= {i * seowhere 274 0 = The output y(t) = x(t) + A(t), Then which of the following statement(s) is/are true? (a) maximum value of y(t) = 1 (©) (0) exists from 0 sto <6. (¢) area under y(t) is 6 units (6) Kf) exists from 1 1 2 (8) For the signal fj x(/at=1 a Imsal12 Electrical Engineering © Signals & Systems @.22 The de component of the function 2 |sint| is fa) 0 (b) 4 @ 2 () 2 @.23 Let there be an LTI system with impulse response given as h({) = (t~ 1) + (t+ 1) with an inputx(f) = u(t 1)— u(t 1). Then the output of the system y({) is given as wo I (a) = wo 2 4 (b) 150 051! wo) 1 ©) za ot wo —_seo YF () = 0 ae @.24 A continuous-time linear system S$ with input x(t) and output y(t) yield the following input output pair x)=0"* Sy) Mo Sy) It x(t) = cos(2(:- )) the corresponding 2 output y( at f= 1/3 is raneva dow Oven MADE EASY Q.25 Alineartime-invariant system is having impulse response h,({), input to the system is x(t) and output to the system is y4(0, volt) = uf) — ult 4) [u(d) is the unit step function). ‘Anew input signal x,(t~ 2) and is applied to the system with impulse response AU) = hglt+ 1) Then the output waveform of the system yi) is x0 (a) x0 (e) () 3 " @.26 Consider a systems equation as 2 ery HO sayy the given system is (@) Linear, Time - variant (©) Nonlinear, Time-invariant (6) Norsineat, Time-variant (6) None of these +2y(t) (f)MADE EASY @.27 A signal x(t) is given by x(0) = 3sin| cr rt) 5 Range of T’ for which the signal becomes even function of time will be 5 a) T=Sntornodd f@ T=3 b) T=Snforneven (o) T=3 5 » T=8n torn odd (@ T=8ntorno ro) Bn for neven @.28 A continuous time signal x(t) is given by x(0) = A(t + 4) — B(t~ 4). Another signal y(9 is defined as j x(t v(t Energy of signal y(t) will be @ 4J () 8d (©) 12d (d) 164 @.29 The input output relation of a continuous time. system is given by vo Jxoar The system is (a) Linear, Timeiinvariant & Stable (b) Linear, Time variant & Unstable (c) Non-Linéar, Time invariant & Stable (@) Linear, Time invariant & Unstable Linked Answer Questions (30 and 21): Two LTI systems are connected in cascade withimpulse response h,(t) and (9) respectively as shown below fo MO) Impulse response h,(t)= eu) —____E Rerirmproverent Workbook raneva JoWW Oven 72a FEU 004 Fh 13 @.30 Overall impulse response of the system willbe fa) eu) to) () 0 (@) uh @.31 Overall output y(t) in terms of overall input x(0) willbe 1 fa) x() fo) px fe) 2x(0) () 0 @.32 A continuous time signal x(0)is given by t x= area ; }see(3) The energy of signal is @.33 Which of the following statements concerning LT! system is correct 14 IP f(y is the impulse response of an LT! system and h(() is periodic and non-zero, then the system is unstable. 2. The inverse of a causal LT always causal 8, The cascade of a non causal LTI system with a causal ones necessarily non-causal (a) only {b) 1 and 2 only (©) 2and3only (a) 1 and Sonly system is @.34 The response of an LT! system for input ay(0 = u(t + 1) —u(t= 1) is given as g(i). Ifthe input to the same system is x,(t) as shown below, and response being y(f), then 40) = at (a) 65 3 Bsr]14 Electrical Engineering © Signals & Systems MADE EASY Publlzatons @.35 Consider the impulse response of a continuous time LT! system is of the form as shown below: | CC) 2 A 2 7 2 where A and Tare unknown. When the above | 2 system is subjected to the input x,(:) given | below, it produces output y,(0) 8 x) & 3 & 2 zg 3 1 3 as 3 ' i 1203 £ 2 z ‘The output y,(t) is zero at t= 5. When the input | = xt z is ag() = sin( J), the output yo = to9 at t= 9. Then the value Ax 3 3 Senna MADE EASE ovenadenp sereSNe a Discrete Time Signals and Systems | @S Theconvolution yin] = ufn] + uln-4] be [nk] EBD) quesions | 3 u[n~ 4], then the value of kis 1A discrete time LTI system has impulse [Z| 8 What ype of system the diference equation . g yin) = x(n) + x(n 2) - 2 represents? 7 4 itt th 3 (a) Linear time-invariant system response h[n] = 3 ufn]. If the input to the 2 (©) Linear igngaparying sya gystem is x{n) < uln-e 1) -uln 2), then the (6) Non-lifear time-invariant system eae trotehwibe veal) 5 (@) Non-lineartime-varying system 2 2 §|@.7 A signal given by x(n] = [1.2.3.4] is applied as @) a5 (0) 3 ca ea =| an nputto a system whose impulse response 5 z is given as h{r] = [7 - 2], The output of the O 64 £} system i given as yin, then ya) is —_. @.2_ Consider a signal given as x[n] = 2°unjiitis | 2 | 8 A discrete time signal s{n] 's given by passed through a system with impulse | z xa) = {4a}: uf —) response hn) = 2"u(n], then the value of output | The Energy of signal will be atn=2is 2 (2) 100J (b) 2204 z (6) 4404 (@) 8804 @3_ The step response S{n] of a discrete time LTI | § gystom is S[r] = aul, 0 1 uence signals x[n] and hin). Ifx{nl = (2, 4, 8, 7) and | # ° otros . 2 | @.10 The step response of a discrete LT! system is D vin = 144, which of the following signal | 3 given by y,{71=(1,—1, 1). The impulse response i of system will be can represent h(n) 3 (a) Aln} = (1, 2,2, -1} (@) (1,2.3,4) (©) (1.2.2.1) 3 (0) Ain) = (1, -2, 2,1) (c) (2,2.2,2) (@) 1.4.1.4) : (6) Fin ={1,-2,-2, 1) , (@) Pin) ={-1,-2, 2,1) Senna MADE EASE cmnmadeaypibaonsan16 Electrical Engineering Q.11_ The input x[n] = {1, 2, 1, x} to an LTI system with an impulse response (1, a, B, 2} yields on output y[n] = {1, 4, 2,0, 9, ~4, 4). Values of a, B and ywillbe (@) a=B=27 (©) @ B (©) Bey=2,0=41 (8) «= 2,B=-2,y=-41 @.12 The possible value of the fundamental period of a discrete signal x(n) defined as x(n) = 5(-1)? is @.13 The convolution y{n] = Un + 3) + un) is (n+ K) u(n + k~1), Such that the value of kis (@) 0 (o) 1 2 (@ 3 @.14 An LT! system with impulse response ln) = avin), Lal-< 1 with the input sequence {nl = up). Then the output yr] at a = 2 is (Assume a= 1/2) @.15. Which of the following signals is/are periodic? (a) 5.6 + een? 4 eros om ) orf vac + 5) (©) 2? -cos(én) (@) cos 3t+ cos 2xt lmsq) 16 Consider the following signal (i) x= S Co att-24) ‘Then which of the following statement(s) is/are true? (a) The signal x,{n]is periodic with period N=2. (b) The signal x,[n]is periodic with period N= 2. (c) The signalx,[n]is non-periodic. (d) The signal x,[t] is periodic with period T= 4. ims} © Signals & Systems raneva dow Ohi zo 20 FU p04 Fh MADE EASY @.17 Given X = (a, b, ¢, d) as the input, a linear time invariant system produces an output Y= XX Xn, < repeated Netimes >], The impulse response of the system is (Sanaa) uln}-vin-n1 Nea (c) ulm] —uln-N =a] (d) 250-9 Troponeetisettaini« ol = Wat ae “seam @.19 Consider a discrete time accumulator system inl = DO) ___ afk] and the backward difference systém yin] = x[n] - x[9 — 1] where xf] represents the inpul and y(] represents the Output of the individual systems. 00, ecuador Bacward | in) System aan When these two systems are cascaded as in figure, the impulse response of combined system with output zn] is {a) Unit impulse sequence (b) Unit step sequence (c) Unit ramp sequence (a) None of the above @.20 Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? (System attribute of (System Description the Discrete-Time with inputx(n) output System) Kn)} (@) Causal yn) =x(0~1) (©) Linear Hn) = 3x{n) +2 (0) Stable Mn) = 2x(n)+5x (01) (A) Time-invariant —: y(n) = (x(n 1)MADE EASY @.21 What is the fundamental frequency of the discrete-time square wave shown in the figure? (a) mradian (©) m/4 radian (b) m/2 radian (d) Oradian @.22 Which one of the following statementsis correct? A discrete LTI system is non-causal fits impulse response is (@) aru(n-2) (©) a 2u(n) (©) ar*2u(n) (a) aun+2) @.25 Ifx{n] be discrete time signal vind = x12] [3] n=even yan} = 4*f2] 7~ oO n=0 now, consider the following statement ()ifx{n]is periodic then y,(n] mustloe periodic, (i) itx{n]s periodic then y,(n] must beperioaic (ii) ify, {ris periodic then x(n] mustbe periodic, (iv) ify, {nis periodic then x{nl mlstibe periodic Which of the above statements are correct. (@) (and (i) (©)_(0. (i) anai(vy () ijandiiv) ——@) Allof the above ‘Common Data for Questions(24and 25): A discrete time signal is shown below 5 Fo) ee ¢ It Pn] = gl2n— 3] and x(n] = An ~ Alm 1) sco yo)= ¥ Hi —____E Rerirmproverent Workbook raneva dow Oe 3 17 @.24 Value of x[-1] will be fa) 0 () 6 (e) -3 4 @.25 Value of y{2] will be (a) 1 (b) 2 () 3 (d) 4 @.26 Consider a discrete time system with input- output equation given by yinl=2"" 3) 26xik) va The system is (a) Linear/and Time Invariant (b) Non-Linearand Time Invariant (©) Linear anc Time Variant (@) Nonslin@ar and Time Variant ‘Common Data for Questions(27 and 28): Consider the cascading of two LT! systems with impulse fesponse h,(n] and h,{r] as shown below wel = van} —Swte— 1) be yin} sl Aso itis given that Ay{n] = (3Jua @.27 The overall impulse response h{n] of combined system wil be (a) 0 (ob) 1 (@ aim (@ 3anl 0.28 The overall output yr] in terms of averal input alolwilbe (a) asin) (ey pain (@ xin (© aln\-xt0-1)18 Electrical Engineering © Signals & Systems MADE EASY @.29 Consider a discrete time LTI system as shown below hel an Pel T. aini-Lan—1, z{n) = 28{n] and h,[n] = el Determine overall impulse response of the system ce Zatnl (0) 8 (ate) () 8) iRa.ON WI8G MON NORDEA KEV TOWN Oh aIiBuDOTGNS TWBNAGOD @ ‘ojseuned Genin eva oui Wo) AUN U| BORTIIN 10 ReanPOIdeT ea Publizetions. 1.30 The range of values of ‘a’ and‘ for which the LTI-system with impuise response: _fat.nzo hin= ) bn<0 is stable? f) laletlb|>4 ( Jalet|blts[b]>1 @) al>tifb| is oud (Ge Imsaq @.28 If x(t) is a periodic signal with fundamental petiod Tand Fouter series coeticients X,, Then Which of the following relation is true? (2) x(t = to) + (f+ fo) 25 2cosira'y)X, (o) Reta) £84 An % ©) ay FS, Pub X, (@) x(3t- FS xe IMsQ] @.29 A real signal x(t) is periodic with period T= and has Fourier coefficients a, = 0 for K = 0 and K > 2 and x(t) = -x(t~ 3). The signal 2 gfls@Pat=2 and a, is ve0! postive number. {@) The complex Fourier Series costcient of ih a(t) = Aaos(Bt + C), then which of the [{ ventiyct is Gxt On following values for constant(s) are correct? 2nj 3 (a) A=1 (o) B=ni3 (b) The complex Fourier saries coetticient of | 2 (©) C=0 (d) A=2 » i Zit ~to)+ x19] Zina, C08 ney sal a a SESNe a Fourier Transform and Sampling Theorem M LeveL | EE 3 ae @.1_ Let x(t) be a time domain signal whose Fourier | to) transformis represented as X(jo) = cose. Then | 2 = the inverse transform of the signal | " : 3 40a aA ADO (ja) = cosSwis i Ye) +t t z 160 ee) (5) : 5 (a) 1 & 408 (©) 5x(50) (a) Zen) 2 8 e =30% or} @.2 A continuous time signal x(t) is defined as |# | @.3 ~The Nyquist interval corresponding to the x(t) = 2 + cos(50nt) is sampled with sampling | ¥ ‘continuous time signal interval t, = 0.025 see and passed through an | 3 ee ae x(t) = [S2°(150nt) + Sa*(200n!)|Sa(600R") ideal low pass filter whose frequency response é is as shown in figure below. z is msec. IHUea)l @.4 For the signal x(‘) shown in the below figure, 1 : the value of f Xo)e’ de is 8 xo “0s an The spectrumof output will be Mia) a 7 a 3 @) ia = _t | +f 2 | @5 Consider a continuous time LT! system with On 40x 2 impulse response h(t) = et! wo) i ‘Tho complexFourie evi coefficient (C) ofoutput an g 3 XQ) for the input x(t)= Y (-9"8(t—n) is ©) 3 . a — ti [ft . i (©) Ge= gyjag (orale Senne MADE EASE ‘wmemaderepinkiosarg24 © Signals & Systems Electrical Engineering MADE EASY b) o for k even Let x( ze where bis a positive real value (e) =) 4 1 fork oda +P Ts jak” a= jak . : 2 and x()£2>X(a). Thon value of f @Xta)dto © C= Se ~ 6 + Unk} willbe 0 forkeven @ 0 (1 - 1 () C=) 2 tor kode a, 5 @e GF Gath i 26 Lots(9boarealercsovensignalunose Fourier | §| O72 Consier @ non.causl ays wih impulse transform is represented by X(ja). Then which | = ancl given pul _. UH) The 3 of the following can be a possible X(jea) & anit Oe {@) sin(a)cos(a) (b) 2 (a) 1 radisee’ (o) 2radJsee (6) cos(a)-cos(2a) (A) jeost2a) : ©) smc () 4radisec @.7Asignalx(t)is represented as shown in figure | z | 13 Letx(0 be @ signal such inal beiow has Fourier Transform Xu) i X(a)=0;|0]> Om at) : ‘Anothersignal y(t)is specified as having Fourier z transform: ? z Y(w) = 2X(@- o,) z Determine a signal m(t) such that " z x{) = A m{t) a aan g (a) ol (o) pom! then the value of X(j0) is 2 1 g © 30" om @.8 The Nyquist sampling rate for a signal |? 2 m(t) = cos 200ntx2.cos 320ntis Hz. |2 | @.14 Consider a bandlimited signal x(t) having @.9 Consider the signal given below: Nyauist rate equal tow. Another signal y() is F defined as x(9 = sine(@0 Sinc( 1201) + Fsine(50®) i) =x) -cosoyt then the Nyquist sampling rate of the signal is | 8 The Nyquist rate for (0) will be (a) 150Hz (b) 200Hz . (a) q (b) 20, (6) 240H (d) 100Hz 2 (©) 30, (@ 40, @.10 An impulse signal 8(1) is sent as input to a| 2 system whose frequency response is 2 ESA) Questions | of; al, &(t-K), Then, the exoression Ke for (t) when x(t) = (nt) xt 2 (b) (a) tt) (b) eos (xt) x sin(nt) xO @ fa @.27 The output y(t) ofa causal LT! system is related to the input x(2) by the equation wo Htoy(t) = J x(22tt —vde~ x19 where, 2(f) = u(t) + 38(4) Then, impulse response h(t) of the system is @ (Betege™ ao TaeTane WTAOS & fag man NoRDerY eva TOW ONIN anportor 0a Mel yo08 # jysenred Valin ou MADE EASY © (3 40 @.28 A causal LT! filter has the frequency response H(q) = -2/a. For input signal x(¢) = e", the output (0 willbe (a) 2e" (by 26°" () 2 (a) Ze i J @.29 Suppose that the system F takes the Fourier transform of thé input, as shown in below figure. x) } Poy = 28 X(-0) 10. Then the output signal y(0 of the system shown in the figure below is x FE ett (a) (ny X(N) (b) (2m)? X(t) (e) (2nyixt) () (en) XC) .30 A signal x,(t) whose foutier transform is X,(ja) has the following magnitude and phase response as shown below: 1x6) “3m 0 or Ago) #2 a2MADE EASY T rank improvement Workbook 27 Publlsations Then determine the signal x(). (a) 2 (cos3nt—singat) x () 2 (ntcosant— sin3nt) mt ce) lon coet sat) (o) 25Gt cosaat—sinant) me @.31 Aband-pass signal is shown below: x) 35 9° 35 425 425 Fiz) The minimum sampling frequency for perfect reconstruction from its samples is (a) 1.6MHz (b) 5 MHz () $.33MHz (d) 10MHz. @.32 Lot att t (Neos? +S. Assume xe real and X(jw) = 0 for jal>1. Then the system {function A(t that will satisfy the condition given belowis © oo Jao porn Face) (0) [cosa sinct (a) = xeost 0} raneva JoWW Oven zor 2a F004 Fh sin(t)-sinf £ @.33 Let x(t) = 2) x(a) be the Fourier ae Transform of x(9), then the value of X(ia) at @ = 0 will be @.34 Given the relationship V(t) = x(t) = h(t) a(t) = x(30) « AGS) and given that x(t) has Fourier transform X(jo) and h(t) has Fourier transform H(ja), if g(t) is. of the form g(t) = Ay(Bt) then, (a) the value of A= 0.333, (oy the value of B= 0.333, (0) the value of A= 0.111 (9) the value of B= 3EEN o=- | bilateral aa The Laplace transform of 1 dee Glue Is ES ts) < Oa 1) SSRIs >-1 eal sot ; © Fahl <-2 @ TE R(s)> @.2. The transfer function of a causal system is (s+5) His)= —S* ( +25-3) the output of the system fora step inputis (2). The value of lim M(t) is @ (b) -2.5) 3 1 (d) Noneofthe above @.3_ A signal is represented as x(1) whose Laplace transform is denoted by X(s) where 1 (ype per X(a) = 31520" +e). Tho value of signal x(f)at t= 1 sec is @.4 Consider a continuous time signal f(t) where 2 as Say ov anrurolang wba as ‘oj ed aia acon oy Ale W ABR REaNROITE! 9a Awa o09 Fa OURBEN NOG MON PUORRONAT AS SNe a y Laplace Transform fyl-e%), ROC = entire s-plane excluding s gt. @ eer ROC = Res) > -2 The Laplace transformand the ROC of the signal x(9= pat =k) is = (@) 1; forall s (0) 1+e°7; Re(s)>0 O) Res) > 0 je! 1 jeer Rets)>0 () Consider the waveform x(f) as shown below. x0 10 7 z + The Laplace transform of signal will be (= e(u(0)- u(t-5)]. The Laplace transform 5 5 2 Sus and the ROG of f(t) are respectively. @egg? *s° 1 gee sera 5 5 2s 152s Sas () ge). pee ee tse ROC = entire s—plane except s = -2 1010 25 18.25 Sots BR ot Bet 26 wo ore, Og? s° ss ROC = Re(s) > -2 3010 2s 18,25 Sas @ prog er eee Senin MADE RSH vonnmadeeapubiatonrgMADE EASY @.7 Acontinuous time signal x({) is given by x(9 = e[u(2— 1) -ul-1 - 9) Also x(}DsX(s) The ROC for X(s) willbe (@) Refs} <5 (©) Refs} >5 (6) Re(s} <-5 (d) Entire s-plane except s = + and -« both as Consider a continuous time signal x(t) wit Laplace transform X(s) given by se- 2544 (s-2)(s? +28+4) Initial and final values of signal x(1) will be respectively (@) Indeterminate, (0) 1, Indeterminate 44 (a) Indeterminate, Indeterminate X(s)= ‘Common Data for Questions(9 and 10): Consider a continuous time signal x(t) given by x() = 2"! t—4) Let another signal g(t) is given by Ot) = Ae uf-t= b) @.9 The Laplace transform of signal x(q) will be eter, ertis-10) ) X(s)= x © x)= aq) MO a5 ett () X8)= 5 a) X08) @.10 Values of constants Aé {,, such that the Laplace transform of sighal g(t) has the same algebric form as X(s), will be (@) A=1.q=-4 (0) A=-1,4=4 () A=tG=4 9 @) A=. h=-4 +f —____E Rerirmproverent Workbook Panay JoW Oi zo 20 FU p04 Fh 3 29 Then the impulse response f(t) is @ © 3 2 +|—___.. rn o 2 1 +--+ O01 MO (c) 2 1 — @ 1 0.0T ‘ 1 @.J2. Which of the following Laplace transform pairs recerreet? QM Considera causal LTI system described by Fs) arecoreet as follows 3] ayer) GkDCs s°+28+100 3 a woe & ois a) = £284 100 FV tas? 9) Hay toe As) (o) 20 sd) Ge) 2 imsay er SS ERE30 Electrical Engineering @.13 Consider a continuous time signal x(#) whose Laplace transform is given as X(s) = =. Res} >—3. Then the value of Laplace transform of x(2t-3) is equal to (@) sc s>-6 ©) one s>-6 oe @) on s>-5 Q.14 The inverse Laplace transform of the signal xo-ifot] = s0800 44) 20 coset) @ o) eet tb (6) 21-cosanuy (a) Pe eese gy @A5_ Tho system shown inthe figure below contains an integrator in forward path andihas a unity gain negative feedback. Then the system is. + si a+ alo (@) Causal and BIBO stable (0) Non-causal and BIBO stable (6) Causal and not BIBO stable (a) Non-causal and not BIBO stable @.16 Lot x(t) be a signal with its Lapiace transform X(s). If x(t) is defined as x(t) = @* cos2t Another function y({) is defined as vid = Jade ° raneva JoWW Oven zo 20 FU p04 Fh © Signals & Systems a7 ais ais MADE EASY Then the Laplace transform of y(0)is e+) gy ste+9) © gerar+a © (erar +a) 343 (s+3) () ( aera ©) erated Asystem is described by a differential equation 2, Evo, at The forced response of the system due to an. input Le. x(1) = elu(é) for the initial condition y(t) = Sma Tey = x10) = 2and y(0" (a) (se 2a aes ht) Jao (0) (1oe*t ult) + 120+ 0% + o*) u(t) iow é ot (o) alot ett rol Shs a (@) IfX(s) denotes the Laplace transform of a signal s+) x(i) and X(s) = In| saK then the value of lim x() is Suppose following facts are given about the signal x(t) with Laplace transform X(s) 1. x(0 is real and even 2. X{(s) has 04 Nos of poles and no zero in finite s-plane. 3. X(s)hasa pole at pee 4, Jaat=4 Value of X(s) will be 1 a © aye 204 v2