DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
Dr. Rashmi K. Thakur
 Topics of Discussion
Basic Concepts of Data, Database and DBMS,
Applications of Databases
1

Advantages of Databases over File Processing

System
2

3 Level Architecture of Database System, 3

Data Abstraction and Data Independence
Database Languages, Database Users,
Database Administrator and its functions 4
Overall System Structure.
5
 Importance of DBMS

Why DBMS Gaining Popularity?

Our lives are filled and surrounded with

data of all kinds. And this data never
sleeps.
Data is generated in ad clicks, likes on
social media, shares, rides, transactions,
streaming content, and so much more. And
when you put data in the hands of
everyone, it can transform the way you
think about business.

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

 Data, Information and Knowledge

Result of Processing
Raw Data

Refined
Raw Facts Data/Information
based on expertise of
receipt

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Power of Data Analytics

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Database and Database Management
System

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Example of Database

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Database Structure

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Tables

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Database Records

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Database Records

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Database Fields

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Key Fields

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Why Patient id Suitable for Key Field??

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Types of Databases

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Benefits of Using Relational Database

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Advantages of Database over File Processing
System
Redundancy
and
Inconsistency Difficulty in
Security Accessing
Data

Advantages

Integrity
Automicity Constraints
Concurrency

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Redundancy & Inconsistency

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Relational Databases

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Relationship

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Relationship

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Foreign Key Concept in Database

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

 Difficulty in Accessing Data
Manager needs some Information (All the Customers having
account in bank and staying in Kandivali)

Every time Condition Changes

Two ways to get this information Same Process is Repeated

Request the How Database avoid

Programmer to above Problem?????
Manually Find Records
write Program

SQL Queries
Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET
Atomicity
How above Program can be
solved in Database

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

Concurrent Access Anomaly

1) Concept of Locks
2) Concurrency Control and
Recovery Algorithms

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

 Integrity Constraints
If Customer has Cheque Book, Min. balance is 1000. When
Customer withdraw money

Cashier has to manually see whether

balance goes below 1000

How Database avoid

above Problem?????

Constraints
Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET
Security

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

 Database Users
SUBSTITUTION
Database users are categorized based up on their interaction with the database

Database Application Program are the back end

programmers who writes the code for the
Administrator(DBA) Application application programs. They are the computer
Programmers professionals.
They don’t write the program code but they
• Schema definition: The DBA interact the data base by writing SQL queries
Sophisticated
creates the original database directly through the query processor.
schema by executing a set of Users
data definition statements in
the DDL. Specialized Users are sophisticated users writing
• Granting of authorization for Specialized Users special database application programs. These may
data access. be CADD systems, knowledge-based and expert
systems, complex data systems (audio/video), etc
• Routine maintenance.
• Storage structure and access- Unsophisticated users who does not have any
method definition. Naïve Users knowledge about database can be in this
category. There task is to just use the developed
• Schema and physical application and get the desired results. E.g:
organization modification Clerical staff in any bank is a naïve user.
Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET
 Database Languages

Data Definition Data Manipulation Data Control Transaction

Language Language Language Control Language

Create Insert Grant Commit

Alter Delete Revoke Rollback
Drop Update
Select

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

 3 Level Architecture of Database

Each external level view is used to cater to

the needs of a particular category of users.

At conceptual level, data is represented in

the form of various database tables.

Physical level of a database describes how

the data is being stored in secondary
storage devices like disks and tapes and
also gives insights on additional storage
details.

Data Abstraction
Data Independence
• Physical
Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET • Logical
Overall System Structure of Database

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET

 Take Away of Todays Session

Database Basics Database Users and 3 Level Detailed

and Advantages Languages Architecture of Architecture of
Database Database
 Redundancy & Users:- DBA,
inconsistency Application  Physical Level
 Difficulty in Accessing Programmers,  Conceptual Level
Data Sophisticated Users,  View Level
 Integrity Problems Specialized Users,
 Atomicity Problem Naïve Users
 Concurrency Problem
 Security Languages:-
DDL,DML,DCL & TCL

Dr. Rashmi Thakur - TCET