EDL Bernoulli

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Ejercicios de Ecuaciones Diferenciales Lineales y de Bernoulli

En los ejercicios siguientes primero analizar si se trata de ecuaciones lineales o de Bernoulli,


luego resolverlas.

1.
𝟏
𝟐 (𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒙) 𝒚´ + 𝒚 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙) = 𝒚𝟑 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒙) 𝑰 𝟐(𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒙)

𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥) 3


+ 𝑦= 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥) 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)

𝑑𝑦 cot 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥) 3 𝟏


+ 𝑦= 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥) 𝒚𝟑

𝑑𝑦 cot 𝑥 −2 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)


𝑦 −3 + 𝑦 = 𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑥 2 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)

Cambio de Variable

𝑧 = 𝑦 −2 𝑰𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑧
= −2 𝑦 −3 ⇒ 𝑦 −3 = − 𝑰𝑽
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

Reemplazamos III y IV en II
1 𝑑𝑧 cot 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
− + 𝑧= (−𝟐)
2 𝑑𝑥 2 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
𝑑𝑧 cot 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
− 𝑧= − 𝑽
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥

Solución

𝑧 = 𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥 𝑽𝑰
𝑑𝑧 𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥
= 𝑈𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 𝑽𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Reemplazamos VI y VII en V
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 cot 𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
𝑈𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 − (𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥 ) = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑈𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
𝑈𝑥 ( − ) + 𝑉𝑥 = −
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑉𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 cot 𝑥
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑉𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 1 cos 𝑥
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑉𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
1
ln 𝑉𝑥 = ln(𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥) + 𝑐
2
1
𝑉𝑥 = (𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥) 2

𝑑 𝑈𝑥 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
𝑉𝑥 = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
(cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
∫ 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑉𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥
(cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
𝑈𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑉𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥

𝑧 = 𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥
1 (cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥)
𝑧 = − (𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥) 2 (∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐)
(𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥) 2
2.

𝟏
(𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) 𝒚´ − 𝒙𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝑰
𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑦 2 𝟏
− 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2 𝒚𝟐

𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑥2
𝑦 −2 − 𝑦 −1
= 𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2

Cambio de Variable

𝑧 = 𝑦 −1 𝑰𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= − 𝑦 −2 ⇒ 𝑦 −2 = − 𝑰𝑽
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Reemplazamos III y IV en II

𝑑𝑧 𝑥𝑧 𝑥2
− − = (−𝟏)
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑𝑧 𝑥𝑧 𝑥2
+ = − 𝑽
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2

Solución

𝑧 = 𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥 𝑽𝑰
𝑑𝑧 𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥
= 𝑈𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 𝑽𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Reemplazamos VI y VII en V

𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2
𝑈𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 + (𝑈 𝑉
𝑥 𝑥 ) = −
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑥 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 𝑥2
𝑈𝑥 ( + ) + 𝑉𝑥 = −
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑥 𝑉𝑥
= −
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑥
∫ = −∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑉𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 1 2𝑥
∫ = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑉𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2
1
ln 𝑉𝑥 = − ln (1 + 𝑥 2 )
2
1
𝑉𝑥 = (1 + 𝑥 2 )− 2

𝑑 𝑈𝑥 𝑥2
𝑉𝑥 = −
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
𝑥2
𝑑 𝑈𝑥 = − 1 𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑥 2 )− 2 (1 + 𝑥2 )
𝑥2
∫ 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 = − ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
(1 + 𝑥2 ) 2
𝑥2
∫ 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
√ 1 + 𝑥2
𝑈𝑥 = − arctan 𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑧 = 𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥
1
𝑧 = − (arctan 𝑥 + 𝑐) (1 + 𝑥 2 )− 2
3.
𝟏
𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 𝒚´ = 𝟐𝒚𝟑 + 𝒙𝟑 𝑰
𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐

𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 3 𝑥3
− =
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥𝑦 2 (3𝑥𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑥2
− 𝑦 = ( 𝒚𝟐 )
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 (3𝑦 2 )

𝑑𝑦 2 3 𝑥2
𝑦2 − 𝑦 = 𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3

Cambio de Variable

𝑧 = 𝑦3 𝑰𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑧
= 3 𝑦2 ⇒ 𝑦2 = 𝑰𝑽
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

Reemplazamos III y IV en II

1 𝑑𝑧 2 𝑥2
− 𝑧 = (𝟑)
3 𝑑𝑥 3𝑥 3
𝑑𝑧 2
− 𝑧 = 𝑥2 𝑽
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

Solución

𝑧 = 𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥 𝑽𝑰
𝑑𝑧 𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥
= 𝑈𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 𝑽𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Reemplazamos VI y VII en V
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 2
𝑈𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 − (𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 2 𝑑 𝑈𝑥
𝑈𝑥 ( − 𝑉𝑥 ) + 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 2
= 𝑉𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 2
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑉𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 1
∫ = 2∫ 𝑑𝑥 +𝑐
𝑉𝑥 𝑥
ln 𝑉𝑥 = 2 ln 𝑥

𝑉𝑥 = 𝑥 2

𝑑 𝑈𝑥
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝑑 𝑈𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2

∫ 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 0 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑈𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑧 = 𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥

𝑧 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 𝑐)
4.
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟑
= + 𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒚
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 3
− = 2 𝑰
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦

Solución

𝑥 = 𝑈𝑦 𝑉𝑦 𝑰𝑰

𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑉𝑦 𝑑 𝑈𝑦
= 𝑈𝑦 + 𝑉𝑦 𝑰𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

Reemplazamos II y III en I
𝑑 𝑉𝑦 𝑑 𝑈𝑦 2 3
𝑈𝑦 + 𝑉𝑦 − (𝑈𝑦 𝑉𝑦 ) = 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝑑 𝑉𝑦 2 𝑑 𝑈𝑦 3
𝑈𝑦 ( − 𝑉𝑦 ) + 𝑉𝑦 = 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦

𝑑 𝑉𝑦 2
= 𝑉𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑 𝑉𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∫ = 2∫ +𝑐
𝑉𝑦 𝑦

ln 𝑉𝑦 = 2 ln 𝑦

𝑉𝑦 = 𝑦 2

𝑑 𝑈𝑦 3
𝑉𝑦 = 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
1
∫ 𝑑 𝑈𝑦 = 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦4
1
𝑈𝑦 = 3 − ( +𝑐)
3𝑦 3

𝑥 = 𝑈𝑦 𝑉𝑦
1
𝑥 = 𝑦2 [ 3 − ( +𝑐)]
3𝑦 3
5.
𝒅𝒛
+𝒛= −𝒙 𝑰
𝒅𝒙

Solución

𝑧 = 𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥 𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑧 𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥
= 𝑈𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 𝑰𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Reemplazamos II y III en I
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥
𝑈𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 + (𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥 ) = − 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑉𝑥 𝑑 𝑈𝑥
𝑈𝑥 ( + 𝑉𝑥 ) + 𝑉𝑥 = −𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑉𝑥
= − 𝑉𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑉𝑥
∫ = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑉𝑥
𝑙𝑛 𝑉𝑥 = −𝑥
𝑉𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥

𝑑 𝑈𝑥
𝑉𝑥 = −𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑥
∫ 𝑑 𝑈𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑉𝑥
𝑥
𝑈𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑒 −𝑥

𝑧 = 𝑈𝑥 𝑉𝑥
𝑥
𝑧 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (− ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 )
𝑒 −𝑥
6.
𝒅𝒙
+ 𝒙 = −𝟐 𝒑 𝑰
𝒅𝒑

Solución

𝑥 = 𝑈𝑝 𝑉𝑝 𝑰𝑰

𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑉𝑝 𝑑 𝑈𝑝
= 𝑈𝑝 + 𝑉𝑝 𝑰𝑰𝑰
𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝

Reemplazamos II y III en I
𝑑 𝑉𝑝 𝑑 𝑈𝑝
𝑈𝑝 + 𝑉𝑝 + (𝑈𝑝 𝑉𝑝 ) = −2 𝑝
𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝
𝑑 𝑉𝑝 𝑑 𝑈𝑝
𝑈𝑝 ( + 𝑉𝑝 ) + 𝑉𝑝 = −2 𝑝
𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝

𝑑 𝑉𝑝
= − 𝑉𝑝
𝑑𝑝
𝑑 𝑉𝑝
∫ = − ∫ 𝑑𝑝 + 𝑐
𝑉𝑝

ln 𝑉𝑝 = −𝑝

𝑉𝑝 = 𝑒 −𝑝

𝑑 𝑈𝑝
𝑉𝑝 = −2 𝑝
𝑑𝑝
𝑝
∫ 𝑑 𝑈𝑝 = −2 ∫ 𝑑𝑝 + 𝑐
𝑉𝑝
𝑝
𝑈𝑝 = −2 ∫ 𝑑𝑝 + 𝑐
𝑒 −𝑝

𝑥 = 𝑈𝑝 𝑉𝑝
𝑝
𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑝 (−2 ∫ 𝑑𝑝 + 𝑐 )
𝑒 −𝑝

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