Volume 8, Issue 10, October – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

The Validity E-Module Science based on

Computational Thinking Approach to Improve
Logical Thinking Skills
Andi Ichsan Mahardika*, Rizky Pamuji, Nelly Rima Santeri, Trisena Wulandari
Lambung Mangkurat University
Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract:- This study aims to produce a Computational interests, physical and psychological development.
Thinking-based Science e-module to improve Therefore, the role of a teacher is very necessary to be able
students'logical thinking skills. This development to play an active role in designing learning media that is
research uses the ADDIE development model, including tailored to the needs in this era of industrial revolution 4.0.
Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and
Evaluation. Data collection uses e-module validation In keeping with the times, there will always be updates
instruments, teacher and student response in the learning process. Currently, technological
questionnaires, and logical thinking ability tests. The developments have made digital device users dominate and
results of the study show that the IPA e-module based on their influence on the world of education cannot be avoided
computational thinking is valid, because the e-module (Rahmawari, 2021). Basically, education encourages
validation results meet the valid requirements. Thinking humans to develop their potential so that they are able to
computation-based science e-modules are practical face every change that occurs due to advances in science
because the teacher and student response questionnaires and technology (Dwikristanto et al, 2022).
are in the very practical category. In addition, the logical
thinking ability test instrument is effective because: (1) Technological advances that have occurred in the 21st
students' logical thinking skills in limited trials and century in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 have made
large-scale trials usually increase, while the n-gain values critical thinking, creativity, communication and
in limited trials and large-scale trials are respectively 0, collaboration the main competencies to face the challenges
73 and 0.77 with the high category. Thus the thinking of a rapidly changing world, requiring the ability to think
computation-based science e-module which is developed logically and systematically to solve them (Buitrago, 2021) .
is feasible to improve logical thinking skills in science With the Computational Thinking Approach, students can
learning. be directed to have the ability to think logically,
mathematically, mechanically, combined with modern
Keywords:- Creative Problem Solving, Newton's laws on knowledge about technology and digitalization (Ansori,
Gravity, Problem-Solving Skills, Teaching Materials. 2020). Therefore, students must be equipped with
Computational Thinking Skills.
I. INTRODUCTION
In 2011, Wing expanded the definition, stating that
The 2013 curriculum places emphasis on character computational thinking is the thought process required in
education to face the challenges of the 21st century which formulating problems and solutions, so that these solutions
focuses on life skills with its 4Cs, namely Creativity, can become effective information processing agents in
Communication, Critical Thinking, and Collaboration solving problems. Conceptually, there are 4 pillars in
(Sa’ddiyah et al., 2021). In the 2013 curriculum, it is Computational Thinking: (1) decomposition is reducing a
explained that there are changes to content standards, problem or complex system into smaller and more
namely the emergence of core competencies that must be manageable parts, (2) pattern recognition is looking for
implemented in every lesson, including science learning, similarities or patterns contained in the problem, (3)
which consists of four (4) parts, namely spiritual attitu.des, abstraction is focusing on only important information and
social attitudes, knowledge and skills (Sugihartini et al, ignoring other information that is less relevant, and (4)
2017). Application includes planning, implementation and algorithm is determining step by step solutions to overcome
evaluation. problems or procedures that must be carried out to solve
problems (Kamil, 2021; Azmi & Ummah, 2021 ). The
In government regulation No. 65 of 2013, the learning computational thinking approach can not only be used in
process in educational units is carried out in an interactive, developing computer applications, but can also be applied in
inspiring, fun, challenging and motivating way for students all scientific disciplines. One of them is in Natural Sciences,
to participate actively. This can be done by providing where people who have this ability can more easily solve
sufficient space for students to be able to develop creativity complex problems (Sari et al., 2022).
and independence in accordance with the students' talents,

IJISRT23OCT919 www.ijisrt.com 1309

Volume 8, Issue 10, October – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
An absolute requirement for achieving success in needed to improve students' logical thinking abilities in
science learning is understanding concepts, because most science learning.
science learning is a science that involves studying natural
phenomena and their mechanisms which are based on reality Factors that make students not active in exploring
and require proof to gain understanding and mastery of knowledge and do not have their own initiative in learning
concepts. Therefore, the ability to think logically plays a are the presentation of material, and the lack of provision of
very important role in understanding and learning concepts teaching materials that suit the needs and conditions of
in science to obtain better achievements for students students in this era of very rapid technological development
(Purwanto, 2012). (Linda , et al., 2021). One teaching material that can be used
is by using e-modules. In reality, during the learning
Students need logical thinking skills when they want to process, the teaching materials used are predominantly
explain why and how a result was obtained, when solving textbooks or regular printed modules, where printed
problems, and when drawing conclusions. It is important for modules are less practical to carry everywhere because they
every student to have it because from here they gain mental are relatively large and heavy, not equipped with audio and
discipline and learn to determine whether their train of video in them, only There are only graphic illustrations, and
thought is correct or not (Octaria, 2017; Wulandari & do not have a big influence on students being able to learn
Fatmahanik, 2020). Based on this, it is very important that independently.
educators can apply learning that not only guides students to
master the material but also guides them to the ability to One of the media that should be used in this era of
think logically. digitalization is an Electronic Module (E-Module). E-
module is the development of printed modules in digital
In general, students' low logical thinking abilities can form using certain devices such as computers and Android
be caused by several factors, namely (1) inappropriate which are packaged more interactively, and in which there
learning and use of media; (2) learning at school tends to be are teaching materials designed in a structured manner
very theoretical and not related to the students' environment; according to the curriculum used (Lestari & Parmiti, 2020;
and (3) there are still many educators who do not utilize the Puspita et al., 2021). The advantages of using e-modules in
environment as a learning resource (Sari & Hoiriyah, 2020). the learning process are that they are more practical to carry
anywhere, production costs are cheaper, the presentation can
Based on a preliminary study conducted by researchers be equipped with audio, animation and video, which can
in learning Natural Sciences (IPA) at MTs. Raudhatul make it easier for students to orient learning material to
Jannah Kotabaru knows that students' logical thinking problems, organize students for independent learning, guide
abilities are still not well directed and are only slightly individual or group investigation (Sugihartini & Jayanta,
visible. This is reinforced by test data on students' logical 2017).
thinking abilities in learning Natural Sciences (IPA) during
pre-research observations. The test results showed that Based on this, researchers are interested in developing
59.375% of the 32 students did not achieve a completeness e-modules based on computational thinking so that students
score, which means that students' mastery in science feel that science is useful in everyday life, and the hope of
learning, especially in their logical thinking abilities, could this research is that students' logical thinking abilities in
be declared weak. At the time of the researcher's science learning will increase. Therefore, to overcome this
observations, during the learning process there were still problem, steps are needed to be taken by developing an E-
many students who tended to imitate and memorize the Module based on a Computational Thinking approach to
learning material and did not try to understand it. Students improve students' logical thinking abilities. Using a
are not encouraged to explore their knowledge of the computational thinking approach will create human qualities
material being studied, this is because the presentation of that can keep up with the current pace of technological
Natural Sciences (IPA) material does not yet take the form development.
of problems that can provide encouragement to students to
be able to solve problems towards a conclusion in stages. II. METHOD

The results of this research are also in line with The type of research used is research and development
previous research which stated that students' logical thinking (R&D). The model used is the ADDIE (Analyze, Design,
abilities were still in the low category. This is because Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The
students' abilities in the communication aspect, thinking trial design in this study is a one-group pretest-posttest
aspect and application aspect are still low in strengthening design. The explanation of the research steps is presented in
arguments based on basic thinking. Although the level of Table 1.
difficulty of the questions given by the teacher has been
adjusted to the level of students' abilities, namely, difficult, This research was conducted at MTS Raudatul Jannah
medium and easy. However, in the process, there are still Kotabaru. The test subjects in the study were 32 students.
many students who get low grades and need to improve their The subject of the study was teaching material for Energy
logical thinking skills in the learning process (Anggraini and for Live through computational thinking approach to
Irawan, 2021; Swestyani et al., 2015). Thus, efforts are improve logical thinking. The instruments used consist of
instruments of validity of teaching materials. The validity

IJISRT23OCT919 www.ijisrt.com 1310

Volume 8, Issue 10, October – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
assessment instrument aims to determine the validity of the by two academics and one practitioner in the field of
teaching material based on the results of the validator's physics. Assessment of validity by putting a tick on the
assessment. column of the grading scale for each aspect with a scale
range of 1 to 4. Data analysis was carried out by averaging
Data collection techniques are carried out through the total score for each aspect assessed and the results were
validity assessments. The validity assessment is carried out adjusted to the criteria in Table 2.

Table 1. Explanation of the Stages of Teaching Material Development with the ADDIE Model
Development Steps Activity
Analyze Analysis of existing products and needs in the field, analysis of the curriculum, analysis of
material characteristics.
Design The teaching materials are designed to contain logical thinking skills and are arranged based on a
computational thinking.
Development Activities in this, researchers develop teaching materials based on development design.
Implementation The products that have been developed are applied to real situations, namely in teaching and
learning activities.
Evaluation The evaluation stage is divided into two, namely, formative and summative.

The validation result data is calculated with the average total score for each aspect assessed and the results are adjusted to the
criteria in Table 2.

Table 2. Criteria for Aspects of Validity of Teaching Materials

NA Percentage (%) Qualification
85< NA≤100 Very Valid
70< NA≤85 Valid
55< NA≤70 Fairly Valid
40< NA≤55 Less Valid
0< NA≤40 Invalid
Adapted from (Widoyoko, 2017)

III. DISCUSSION equipped with images related to the topic of energy in living
systems. The final part of this e-module is equipped with a
The validity of the computational thinking-based formative test to determine understanding of the topics
science e-module in this research as a whole is categorized studied and to measure students' logical thinking abilities.
as valid and can be used with revision. Some scores
achieved in each aspect are classified as very valid, and The e-module development process pays attention to
some are classified as valid. The validator gave good marks the characteristics that an e-module must have, namely self-
and provided suggestions/input for improving the e-module, instructional, self contained, stand alone, adaptive, user
including improving the front cover, improving the friendly, consistent, delivered using electronic media,
foreword, adjusting the color contrast of the e-module so utilizing various electronic media functions, utilizing
that it is more clearly visible, and enlarging the font. various application features, and needs to be designed
carefully. The e-module includes components in
The e-module developed has been adapted to the e- computational thinking which are expected to improve
module preparation guidelines. The e-module cover page is students' logical thinking abilities.

Table 3. Results of Validity of E-Modul

Validator
No Assessment Aspect Average % Information
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
1. Content Eligibility 4.00 4.37 4.00 5.00 3.62 4.20 84.00 Valid
2. Language 4.57 4.28 3.85 5.00 3.28 4.20 84.00 Valid
3. Sajian 4.28 4.14 3.71 4.85 3.28 4.06 81.14 Valid
4. Graphics 4.10 4.10 3.70 4.60 3.60 4.02 80.40 Valid
5. User convenience 4.67 4.67 4.00 4.83 3.83 4.40 88.00 Very Valid
6. Consistency 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.33 3.33 3.93 78.67 Valid
7. Format 4.50 5.00 3.50 5.00 4.00 4.40 88.00 Very Valid
8. Design view 4.00 3.67 3.00 4.00 3.33 3.60 72.00 Valid
9. Usefulness 4.00 4.33 3.67 5.00 4.00 4.20 84.00 Valid
Average 82.24 Valid

IJISRT23OCT919 www.ijisrt.com 1311

Volume 8, Issue 10, October – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Table 3 shows that the validation results of the science [6]. Lestari, H. D., &; Parmiti, D. P. (2020). Development
e-module based on computational thinking by 5 validators in of science e-modules containing online tests to
the valid category. In terms of format and ease of use, the e- improve learning outcomes. Journal of Education
module is categorized as very valid. This shows that the e- Technology, 4(1), 73-79.
module being developed really pays attention to the format https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v4i1.24095
used in the e-module. One thing that must be considered is [7]. Linda, R., Zulfarina, Z., &; Son, T. P. (2021).
what device will be used when students use the e-module Increasing student independence and learning
(Susiana, et al. 2017). This science e-module based on outcomes through the implementation of integrated
computational thinking adapts the e-module format which connected type integrated science interactive e-
can be opened via smartphone and laptop, designed in such modules on SMP/MTs energy materials. Indonesian
a way that students are not confused when using it. The Journal of Science Education, 9(2), 191-200.
user-friendliness aspect in the very valid category shows https://doi.org/10.24815/jpsi.v9i2.19012
that computational thinking-based science e-modules make [8]. Octaria, D. (2017). Logical Thinking Ability of
it easier for students to access learning and make it easier for Mathematics Education Students of PGRI Palembang
teachers to communicate learning more effectively in a University in the Analytical Geometry Course. RAFA
timely manner. Journal of Mathematics Education, 3(2), 181-194.
https://doi.org/10.19109/jpmrafa.v3i2.1740
In the usefulness aspect, it is categorized as valid. This [9]. Puspita, K., Nazar, M., Hanum, L., &; Reza, M.
shows that science e-modules based on computational (2021). Development of Basic Chemistry Practicum E-
thinking can provide great benefits to students, namely as a module Using Canva Design Application. Journal of
solution to be able to use technology wisely, explore Science & Learning IPA, 5(2), 151-161.
interesting, interactive learning resources, and answer https://doi.org/10.24815/jipi.v5i2.20334
curiosity so that they can increase learning motivation and [10]. Purwanto, A. (2012). The ability to think logically of
improve learning. the ability to think in accordance with the students of SMA Negeri 8 in Bengkulu city by
objectives of the e-module being developed. applying a guided inquiry model in physics learning.
Exacta, 10(2), 133-135.
IV. CONCLUSION [11]. Rahmawati, A. (2021). Development of Web-Based
Electronic Physics Module with Computational
Based on the results of research and development, it Thinking Approach on Class X High School
can be concluded that the e-modul science based on Momentum and Impulse Matter.
computational thinking approach is declared valid to be [12]. Sari, D. M., &; Hoiriyah, D. (2020). Analysis of
given to students as a learning resource, especially in Logical Thinking Skills Using the Accelerated
improving locgical thinking. Learning (AL) Learning Method. Logarithm: Journal
of the Educational Sciences and Sciences, 8(02), 157-
REFERENCES 168. https://doi.org/10.24952/logaritma.v8i02.2892
[13]. Sa'diyyah, F. N., Mania, S., &; Suharti, S. (2021).
[1]. Anggraini, D., &; Irawan, E. (2021). Analysis of Development of test instruments to measure students'
Logical Thinking Skills of Class VII Students on the computational thinking skills. JPMI (Journal of
Theme of Environmental Pollution. Journal of Tadris Innovative Mathematics Learning), 4(1), 17-26.
IPA Indonesia, 1(2), 228-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/jpmi.v1i1.p%25p
[2]. Ansori, M. (2020). Computational Thinking in [14]. Sari, F. K., Roshayanti, F., Rakhmawati, R., &; Hayat,
Problem Solving. Dirasah: Journal of Islamic M. S. (2022). Biology Teacher's Perception of
Education Science and Management Studies, 3(1), Computational Thinking in Senior High School in
111-126. https://doi.org/10.29062/dirasah.v3i1.119 Kayen District. Journal of Biogenesis Vol, 18(1), 68-
[3]. Azmi, R. D., &; Ummah, S. K. (2021). Implementation 84.
of Project Based Learning to explore students' [15]. Sugihartini, N., &; Jayanta, N. L. (2017). Development
computational thinking skills. Scientific Journal of of e-module learning strategy courses. Journal of
Mathematics Education AL-QALASADI, 5(1), 52-61. Technology and Vocational Education, 14(2).
http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/teorema.v5i2.4194 [16]. Susiana, N., Yuliati, L., &; Latifah, E. (2017).
[4]. Dwikristanto, Y. P., &; Muslim, S. (2022). Strategies Learning analysis based on the profile of physics
for Applying Critical, Logical and Reflective Thinking problem solving ability of grade X high school
in Learning Introduction to Accounting in the Online students. Biology, Learning, and the Environment
Age: An Epistemological Review. Polyglot: Scientific Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 3(1), 210–214.
Journals, 18(1), 65-79. [17]. Swestyani, S., Rinanto, Y., & Widoretno, S. (2015).
[5]. Kamil, M. R. (2021). Analysis of mathematical Improve The Students’logical Thinking Through
computational thinking skills of Class IX students of Discovery Learning Aplication About Reproduction
SMP Negeri 1 Cikampek on number pattern material. System Material In Xi Mia 1 Of Sma Batik 2 Surakarta
AXIOM: Journal of Mathematics and Mathematics Academic Year 2014/2015. Jurnal Pendidikan
Education, 12(2), 259-270. Biologi, 7(3)

IJISRT23OCT919 www.ijisrt.com 1312

Volume 8, Issue 10, October – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
[18]. Sugihartini, N., &; Jayanta, N. L. (2017). Development
of e-module learning strategy courses. Journal of
Technology and Vocational Education, 14(2).
[19]. Widoyoko, S. P. (2017). Learning Program
Evaluation. Learning Library.
[20]. Wulandari, L., &; Fatmahanik, U. (2020). The ability
to think logically, mathematically, fractional material
in students with high initial ability. Laplace: Journal of
Mathematics Education, 3(1), 43-57.

IJISRT23OCT919 www.ijisrt.com 1313