Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

NAME: Baldovino, Jazel V.

SIGNATURE:
SR CODE: 20-05829
SECTION: EE 2104
DATE: October 6, 2021
Rubric for Laboratory Experiment Report

4 – exemplary; 3 – proficient; 2 – satisfactory; 1 – unsatisfactory

Evaluation Criteria 4 3 2 1 SCORE

Very little
There are some
Information is background
introductory
Information is nearly complete but information
Introduction information, but still
complete missing some provided or
missing some major
minor points information is
points
incorrect
Written in
paragraph format, Written in Missing several
Written in
important paragraph format, important
Experimental paragraph format
experiment details still missing some experiment details
Procedure with complete
are covered, some important or not written in
experiment details
minor details experimental details paragraph
missing
Figures, graphs,
tables contain
All figures, graphs, Most figures, errors or are
tables are correctly graphs, tables are poorly
All figures, graphs,
Results: data, drawn, but some OKAY, some still constructed,, have
tables are correctly
figures, tables, etc. have minor missing some missing titles,
drawn
problems or could important or captions or
still be improved required features numbers, units
missing or
incorrect, etc.
Very incomplete
Almost all of the Some of the results
or incorrect
results have been have been correctly
interpretation or
All of the results correctly interpreted and
trends and
have been correctly interpreted and discussed; partial
Discussion comparison of
interpreted and discussed, only but incomplete
data indicating a
discussed minor understanding or
lack of
improvements are results is still
understanding of
needed. evident
results
Conclusions
All important regarding major Conclusions
All important
conclusions have points are drawn, missing or
Conclusion conclusions have
been drawn, but but many of the missing the
been drawn
could be enhanced minor points are not important points
neglected

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

EXPERIMENT NO. 2
TITLE: SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS VOLTAGE DIVIDER AND
CURRENT DIVIDER RULES

I. INTRODUCTION

The most frequent rules used in practical electronics are voltage dividers and current dividers. There
are two basic ways in which to connect more than two circuit components: series and parallel. A circuit is
said to be parallel when the electric current has multiple paths to flow through. All components are
connected across each other, forming exactly two sets of electrically common points. While a circuit is said
to be connected in series when the same current flows through all the components in the circuit. All
components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. The quantity of current that
passes through each component in the circuit is the main difference between a series and a parallel circuit.

Voltage and current division rules are needed in order to understand the voltage and current flowing
through each resistor. In electronics, voltage divider is a passive linear circuit that produces output voltage
that is a fraction of its input voltage. On the other hand, a current divider is a simple linear circuit that
produces an output current that is fraction of its input current. Almost every circuit we come across is either
voltage divider or current divider circuit or can be both.

For a series circuit shown in figure 1, the voltage across resistors R1, R2, and R3 can be written as

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

This is the voltage divider rule (VDR).

For parallel circuit given in figure 2, the branch currents can be written in terms of the total current
as

This is termed as the current divider rule (CDR).

II. OBJECTIVES

1. To study the voltage current relationships of series and parallel circuits.

2. To verify the voltage divider and current divider rules.

III. MATERIALS/TOOLS/EQUIPMENT

• One dc power supply

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

• One Multimeter
• Assorted Resistors

Circuit Diagrams:

IV. PROCEDURES

Simulation

1. Build the circuit given in figure 3 on Multisim.

2. Connect voltmeters, ammeters (or multimeters) at appropriate positions to measure voltages and
currents shown in Table 1.

3. Disconnect the voltage source. Connect a multimeter and measure the total resistance and record
the value in Table 1. (Remember resistance is always measured without any source connected to
the circuit.)

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the circuit given in figure 4 and record the values in Table 2.

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

Attached here with are the pictures to prove that we are working as a team:

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

V. DATA AND RESULTS

FIGURE 3.1: Determining voltage drop and current across the circuit in Multisim's Series-Parallel
Circuit I.

FIGURE 3.2: Using a multimeter to determine the value of comparable resistance in Multisim's
Series-Parallel Circuit I.

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

Table 1: Simulation results for Figure 3

Is I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 Req
Workbench 0.055A 0.022A 0.033A 0.013A 0.046A 0.009A 2.155A 5V 2.845V 0V 2.845V 91.1Ω

FIGURE 4.1: Determining voltage drop and current across the circuit in Multisim's Series-
Parallel Circuit I.

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

FIGURE 4.2: Using a multimeter to determine the value of comparable resistance in Multisim's
Series-Parallel Circuit I.

Table 2: Simulation results for Figure 3

Is I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 Req
Workbench 0.012A 9.631A 2.604A 2.602A 0A 0.012A 0.963V 0.39V 0.573V 0V 4.037V 408.69Ω

Questions:

Refer to figure 3 and the results obtained in Table 1 and answer the following questions:
1. Are R4 and R6 in parallel or in series? Why? Refer to voltage current measurements for
your answer to justify.
• It is a parallel circuit since the voltage that runs through R4 are same voltage on
R6.
2. Are R3 and R4 in parallel or in series? Why? Justify.

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

• Parallel circuit is known when the two resistors are connected to the same nodes.
While in series circuit if the resistor is connected head to tail. Therefore, R3 and R4
cannot be justified as series or parallel circuit.
3. Are Vs and R3 in parallel or in series? Why? Justify.
• Vs and R3 is parallel circuit since they are connected on the same node and in one
potential point.
4. Are Vs and R6 in series or in parallel? Why? Justify.
• Vs and R6 cannot be justified as series or parallel circuit. Since, to be in two
elements of parallel, they must share two nodes and also to be in series, the
arrangement must be linear or there is no other node between them.
5. Are Vs and Req in parallel or in series? Why? Justify.
• Req and Vs are in series since the two of them are connected end to end on one path
for the current to flow the same through each resistor.
6. Is VDR applicable for R3 and R4? Why? Justify your answer on the basis of theory
given in the introduction.
• As R3 and R4 cannot be regarded as series or parallel that’s why the Voltage
Division Rule is not applicable, for in VDR it can be applicable if there is more
than one resistance in series.
7. Is CDR applicable for R4 and R6? Why? Justify your answer on the basis of theory given
in the introduction.
• The CDR also known as Current Division Rule is applicable to R4 and R6 for they
are connected in parallel. Also, CDR calculate the current flowing through parallel
resistive branch to know the total current and it depicts how current is distributed
in a parallel circuit.
8. Is the parallel combination of R4 and R6 in series or in parallel with R2? Why? Justify.
• The parallel combination of R4 and R6 is connected in series with R2. To add, the
voltage dropped of R2 is lower than the voltage combination of R4 and R6, this can
be determined as series.

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

Refer to figure 4 and the results obtained in Table 2 and answer the following questions:
9. Are R4 and R6 in parallel or in series? Why? Refer to voltage current measurements for
your answer to justify.
• We can state that the R4 and R6 in Figure 4 are not connected in parallel or series
because their values differ according to their voltage and current variations.
10. Are R3 and R4 in parallel or in series? Why? Justify.
• Based on the value that we get; we may say that R3 and R4 are in series because
they have the same current flow.
11. Are Vs and R3 in parallel or in series? Why? Justify.
• The Vs and R3 cannot be regarded as series or parallel for both voltage and current
are divided. However, if we add the voltage from the switch to the voltage from
R3, the result is the same as the voltage source, and it may be categorized as
connected in parallel.
12. Are Vs and R6 in series or in parallel? Why? Justify.
• We can state that Vs and R6 are series for R6 is connected in voltage source through
nodes. Vs and R6 are in series for the current run through them are the same.
13. Are Vs and Req in parallel or in series? Why? Justify.
• We can say that Vs and Req are linked in series since there will be one resistor left
once all the resistors have been combined
14. Is VDR applicable for R3 and R4? Why? Justify your answer on the basis of theory
given in the introduction.
• As for R3 and R4 are series, the VDR also known as Voltage Division Rule are
applicable that we can calculate the voltage of the two resistors, and it can be
divided. VDR allows us to calculate the potential difference of each resistance
regardless of the current flowing through the series.
15. Is CDR applicable for R4 and R6? Why? Justify your answer on the basis of theory
given in the introduction

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines 4200

• . We can say that the CDR is not applicable to R4 and R5 for the voltage of the two
are different. Also, CDR only be used in two resistors that were in parallel and had
the same voltage and it shows on how the current distributes in parallel.
16. Is the parallel combination of R4 and R6 in series or in parallel with R2? Why? Justify.
• The parallel combination of R4 and R6 are not connected in series nor parallel with
R2, for R4, R6, and R2 do not have the same values, they cannot be classed as
parallel or series.

VI. CONCLUSION

I therefore conclude that parallel circuit has two or more paths to current
to flow through. While on series circuit, the resistor must be connected in one node
from head to tail. The current is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely
proportional to the resistance. When it is connected on series VDR or Voltage Division
Rule would be applicable, meanwhile if it is connected in parallel circuits CDR or
Current Division Rule is applicable to use.

ENGR. SARAH JANE F. FRUELDA, REE, RME EE 401

INSTRUCTOR “ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I”
(ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT) 1ST SEM, AY 2021-2022
“I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHO STRENGTHENS ME”
- PHILIPPIANS 4:13 -