Afar 09
Afar 09
Afar 09
The effect of these changes is that all dividends paid or payable by a subsidiary to a parent are to be
recognized as revenue by the parent. As noted in paragraph BC66H of the Basis of Conclusions to the
amendments, ‘the requirement to separate the retained earnings of an entity into pre-acquisition and
posts-acquisition components as a method for assessing whether a dividend is a recovery of its associated
investment’ has been removed from IFRSs’ (PFRSs’)
Another point of reference might be PAS 32 – Financial Instruments: Presentation – and PFRS 9. Investments
in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, while outside the scope of PAS 32 and PFRS 9, are clearly
financial assets (and therefore financial instruments) as defined in those standards.
Instead of the now deleted definition of cost method, entities are now obliged to apply a two-stage process.
Once recognized, all dividends are taken to income and the parent must now determine whether or not
the investment has been impaired as a result. This list of indicators of impairment in PAS 36 as amended
includes the receipt of a dividend from a subsidiary, jointly controlled entity or associate where there is
evidence that:
1. the dividend exceeds the total comprehensive income of the subsidiary, jointly controlled entity or
associate in the period dividend is declared; or
2. the carrying amount of the investment in the separate financial statements exceeds the carrying
amounts in the consolidated financial statements of the investee’s net assets, including associated
goodwill.
Presentation of Consolidated Financial Statements
A parent is required to present consolidated financial statements in which it consolidates its investments in
subsidiaries – except in one circumstance: A parent need not present consolidated financial statements if
and only if all of the following four conditions are met:
1. The parent is itself a wholly-owned subsidiary, or is a partially? owned subsidiary of another entity
and its other owners, including those not otherwise entitled to vote, have been informed about,
and do not object to, the parent not presenting consolidated financial statements;
2. The parent's debt or equity instruments are not traded in a public market;
3. The parent did not file, nor is it in the process of filing, its financial statements with a securities
commission or other regulatory organization for the purpose of issuing any class of instruments in a
public market; and
4. The ultimate or any intermediate parent of the parent produces consolidated financial statements
available for public use that comply with International Financial Reporting Standards.
Once an investment ceases to fall within the definition of a subsidiary, it should be accounted for as an
associate under PAS 28, as a joint venture under PFRS 11 or as an investment under PFRS 9, as appropriate.
Furthermore, investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities and associates that are accounted for in
accordance with PFRS 9 in the consolidated financial statements are to be accounted for in the same way
in the investor’s separate financial statements and in the financial statements of a parent that need not
present consolidated financial statements.
For the foregoing reason, the following disclosures have to be made in the investor’s separate financial
statements and in the financial statements of a parent that need not present consolidated financial
statements:
In addition to the foregoing elective option to not present consolidated financial statements, PAS 27
essentially continues the earlier standard’s prohibition based on absence of control over a subsidiary.
Consolidated financial statements are to consolidate a parent and all of its subsidiaries, foreign and
domestic, when those entities are controlled by the parent. For this determination, control is presumed to
exist when the parent owns, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, more than one-half of the voting
power of an entity unless, in exceptional circumstances, it can be clearly demonstrated that such
ownership does not constitute control.
the parent’s investment in the subsidiary and the parent’s portion of pre-acquisition equity. The pre-
acquisition entries then involve three areas:
• The investment account, shares in subsidiary, as shown in the financial statements of the parent.
• The equity of the subsidiary at the acquisition date (the pre-acquisition equity). The pre-acquisition
equity is not just the equity recorded by the subsidiary but includes the business combination
valuation reserve recognized on consolidation via the valuation entries. Because the accounts
containing pre-acquisition equity may change over time as a result of dividends and reserve
transfer, more than one pre-acquisition entry may be required in a particular year.
• Recognition of goodwill. Note that, as stated in paragraph 21 of PAS 12 Income Taxes, there is no
recognition of a deferred tax liability in relation to goodwill because goodwill is a residual, and the
recognition of a deferred tax liability would increase its carrying amount.
Calculating the NCI share of equity
Non-controlling interest in the net assets (NCI) consists of:
i. the amount of those non-controlling interests at the date of the original combination calculated in
accordance with PFRS 3 Revised; and
ii. the non-controlling’s share of changes in equity since the date of the combination.
In relation to part (ii), changes in equity since the acquisition date must be taken into account. Note that
these changes are not only in the recorded equity of the subsidiary, but they also relate to other changes
in consolidated equity.
As noted earlier in this chapter, the NCI is entitled to share consolidated equity under the entity concept of
consolidation. This requires taking into account adjustments for profits and losses are not recognized by the
group. The calculation of the NCI is therefore done in two stages:
1. the NCI share of recorded equity is determined, and
2. this share is adjusted for the effects of intragroup transactions.
V - Deconsolidation
Pedro Company owns 80,000 shares of Santa Corporation’s 100,000 outstanding common shares, acquired
at book value. The December 31, 2020, consolidated balance sheet presented by Pedro and Santa
included net assets of Santa in the amount of P600,000. On January 1, 2021, Pedro sells 70,000 shares of
Santa for P490,000. The fair value of Pedro’s remaining 10% interest in Santa is P70,000. What amount of gain
or loss, if any, should be recognized on the sale of Pedro’s shares resulting in deconsolidation, and how
much of that should be attributed to Pedro? Determine the gain or loss on disposal (or deconsolidation)
should be:
a. P40,000 loss c. P10,000 gain
b. P80,000 loss d. P80,000 gain
VI - Sale of Subsidiary: Not Resulting in Loss of Control, No Additional Shares Issued.
Padyak Company owns 80,000 shares of Sirkulo Corporation’s 100,000 outstanding common shares,
acquired at book value. The December 31, 2020, consolidated balance sheet presented by Padyak and
Sirkulo included net assets of Sirkulo in the amount of P600,000. On January 1, 2021, Padyak sells 10,000
shares (10%) of its Sirkulo stock to unrelated parties for P70,000. Determine the gain or loss on disposal of
shares to be recognized in the profit or loss statement:
a. Zero c. P10,000 loss
b. P10,000 gain d. P5,000 loss
VII - Sale of Subsidiary: Not Resulting in Loss of Control, Additional Shares Issued.
Padyak Company owns 80,000 shares of Sirkulo Corporation’s 100,000 outstanding common shares,
acquired at book value. The December 31, 2020, consolidated balance sheet presented by Padyak and
Sirkulo included net assets of Sirkulo in the amount of P600,000. On January 1, 2021, Sirkulo issues 25,000
additional shares of common stock to unrelated parties for P175,000. The amount to be credited to
“additional paid-in capital/share premium” account:
a. Zero c. P 55,000
b. P16,000 d. P104,000
VIII - Wholly-owned
The financial statements for Goodwin, Inc. and Corr Company for the year ended December 31, 20x9, prior
to Goodwin's business combination transaction regarding Corr, follow (in thousands):
Goodwin Corr
Revenues P 2,700 P 600
Expenses 1,980 400
Net Income P 720 P 200
IX – Partially-owned
Power Corporation acquired 70 percent of Silk Corporation’s common stock on December 31, 20x9. After
the date of the business combination, the book values of Silk’s net assets and liabilities approximated their
fair value except for inventory, which had a fair value of P85,000, and land, which had a fair value of
P45,000. The fair value of the non-controlling interest was P64,500 on December 31, 20x9.
Balance sheet data for the two companies immediately following acquisition follow:
Item Power Silk
Cash P 44,000 P 30,000
Accounts receivable 110,000 45,000
Inventory 130,000 70,000
Land 80,000 25,000
Buildings and equipment 500,000 400,000
Less: Accumulated depreciation (223,000) (165,000)
Investment in Silk Corporation stock 150,500 _______
Total Assets P 791,500 P 405,000
20x4 20x5
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P80,000 P90,000
Dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 10,000
1. Using the cost model (method), which of the following amounts are correct?
Investment Income Investment Account Balance
20x4 December 31, 20x4
a. P10,000 P500,000
b. P70,000 P570,000
c. P70,000 P550,000
d. P10,000 P550,000
3. Using sophisticated (full) equity method, which of the following amounts are correct?
Investment Income Investment Account Balance
20x4 December 31, 20x4
a. P55,000 P555,000
b. P55,000 P545,000
c. P90,000 P565,000
d. P80,000 P570,000
4. Using sophisticated (full) equity method, which of the following amounts are correct?
Investment Income Investment Account Balance
20x5 December 31, 20x5
a. P55,000 P 54,000
b. P55,000 P555,000
c. P85,000 P620,000
d. P90,000 P570,000
XVI – CNI under Entity Concept (PFRS 10)
For 20x6, Pyna reported P500,000 of net income from its own separate operations. This amount excludes
income relating to Syna, its 80%-owned created subsidiary, which reported P100,000 of net income and
declared P55,000 of dividends in 20x6. What is the consolidated net income under the economic unit/entity
concept?
a. P536,000 c. P580,000 e. P644,000
b. P544,000 d. P600,000
XVII – CNI under Parent Company Concept
For 20x6, Pyna reported P500,000 of net income from its own separate operations. This amount excludes
income relating to Syna, its 80%-owned created subsidiary, which reported P100,000 of net income and
declared P55,000 of dividends in 20x6. What is the consolidated net income under the parent company
concept?
a. P536,000 c. P580,000 e. P644,000
b. P544,000 d. P600,000
XVIII
Parrett Corp. bought one hundred percent of Jones Inc. on January 1, 20x4, at a price in excess of the
subsidiary's fair value. On that date, Parrett's equipment (ten-year life) had a book value of P360,000 but a
fair value of P480,000. Jones had equipment (ten-year life) with a book value of P240,000 and a fair value
of P350,000. Parrett used the cost model to record its investment in Jones. On December 31, 20x6, Parrett
had equipment with a book value of P250,000 and a fair value of P400,000. Jones had equipment with a
book value of P170,000 and a fair value of P320,000. What is the consolidated balance for the equipment
account as of December 31, 20x6?
a. P710,000 c. P475,000
b. P580,000 d. P497,000
XIX
On January 1, 20x4, BB, Inc., reports net assets of P760,000 although equipment (with a 4- year life) having
a book value of P440,000 is worth P500,000 and an unrecorded patent is valued at P45,000. HH Corporation
pays P692,000 on that date for art 80 percent ownership in BB. If the patent is to be written off over a 10-
year period, at what amount should it be reported on consolidated statements at December 31, 20x5?
a. P28,800 c. P36,000
b. P32,400 d. P40,500
XX
January 1, 20x9, Payne Corp. purchased 70% of Shayne Corp.'s P10 par common stock for P900,000. On
this date, the carrying amount of Shayne's net assets was P1,000,000. The fair values of Shayne's identifiable
assets and liabilities were the same as their carrying amounts except for plant assets (net), which were
P200,000 in excess of the carrying amount. For the year ended December 31, 20x9, Shayne had net income
of P150,000 and paid cash dividends totalling P90,000. Excess attributable to plant assets is amortized over
10 years. In the December 31, 20x9, consolidated balance sheet, non-controlling interest should be
reported at:
Non-controlling interest
Book Value of stockholders’ equity of subsidiary………….P 6,000,000
Adjustments to reflect fair value (over/ undervaluation
of assets and liabilities): (P8,000,000 – P6,000,000)…. 2,000,000
Fair value of stockholders’ equity of subsidiary…………… P 8,000,000
Multiplied by: Non-controlling interest percentage............ 20%
FV - Non-controlling interest (partial)………………………… P1,600,000 (2)
Add: Non-controlling interest on full -goodwill
(P4,500,000 – P3,600,000 partial-goodwill) or
(P4,500,000 x 20%)*…………………………………... 900,000
FV - Non-controlling interest (full)……………………………... P2,500,000 (4)
* applicable only when the fair value of the non-controlling interest of subsidiary is not given.
Solution to Problem II
1. Proportionate Basis (Partial-goodwill Approach)
Fair value of subsidiary (60%):
Consideration transferred: Cash……………………….. P 6,300,000 (60%)
Less: Book value of stockholders’ equity (net assets)
– S Company: P5,000,000 x 60%................................ 3,000,000 (60%)
Allocated Excess.………………………………………………….P 3,300,000 (60%)
Less: Over/undervaluation of assets and liabilities:
(P7,000,000 – P5,000,000) x 60%.................................... 1,200,000 (60%)
Positive excess: Goodwill (partial)……………………………. P 2,100,000 (60%)
Non-controlling interest
Book value of stockholders’ equity of subsidiary………….P 5,000,000
Adjustments to reflect fair value (over/ undervaluation
of assets and liabilities): (P7,000,000 – P5,000,000)…. 2,000,000
Fair value of stockholders’ equity of subsidiary……………P 7,000,000
Multiplied by: Non-controlling Interest percentage.......... 40%
FV – Non-controlling interest (partial)………………………..P 2,800,000 (2)
Add: Non-controlling interest on full -goodwill
(P3,300,000 – P2,100,000 partial-goodwill)………….. 1,200,000
FV - Non-controlling Interest (full)……………………………...P 4,000,000 (4)
Non-controlling interest
Book value of stockholders’ equity of subsidiary…………..P 2,000,000
Adjustments to reflect fair value (over/ undervaluation
of assets and liabilities): (P3,200,000 – P2,000,000)…. 1,200,000
Fair value of stockholders’ equity of subsidiary…………….P. 3,200,000
Multiplied by: Non-controlling Interest percentage............ 25%
FV - Non-controlling interest (partial)………………………….P 800,000 (2)
Add: Non-controlling interest on full -goodwill
(P400,000 – P300,000 partial-goodwill)…..…………… 100,000
FV - Non-controlling Interest (full)………………………………P 900,000 (4)