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Unit 1 Selected Tutorial Problems - Memo

This document contains a 7-page tutorial on electronic communication systems. It includes questions on analyzing signals, describing applications of communication systems, and designing multi-stage receiver amplifiers. Signal analysis questions involve calculating frequency, peak voltage, RMS voltage, and dB values. Application descriptions include TV broadcasting, facsimile, cell phones, two-way radios, and local area networks. Amplifier design questions involve specifying the third stage of a three-stage amplifier and calculating gain, noise ratio, and noise figure for a four-stage amplifier. Later pages provide Fourier series representations and formulas for useful constants, power, noise, and gain.

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Maditlhare Molefi
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13 views7 pages

Unit 1 Selected Tutorial Problems - Memo

This document contains a 7-page tutorial on electronic communication systems. It includes questions on analyzing signals, describing applications of communication systems, and designing multi-stage receiver amplifiers. Signal analysis questions involve calculating frequency, peak voltage, RMS voltage, and dB values. Application descriptions include TV broadcasting, facsimile, cell phones, two-way radios, and local area networks. Amplifier design questions involve specifying the third stage of a three-stage amplifier and calculating gain, noise ratio, and noise figure for a four-stage amplifier. Later pages provide Fourier series representations and formulas for useful constants, power, noise, and gain.

Uploaded by

Maditlhare Molefi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Page 1 of 7

ECM226A_Selected Tutorial 1 Prob_ Memo ASSESSOR: MR LP MOJI

DATE: 15 October 2020 TIME: 18:00-19:00


SUBJECT: Electronic Communication 3 CODE: ECM226A
STATONERY:
1. Answer books
2. Non-alphanumeric calculators are allowed.

INSTRUCTIONS:
Duration of Paper: 60 Minutes Maximum marks: 31
1. Answer all questions
2. Show all units for each answer without space between answer and units.
3 Express each answer accurate to 2 decimal places.
Page 2 of 7

Unit 1: Introduction to electronic communication systems [31]

LO1: Analyse/Present a common signal.


[Knowledge area: Engineering Science; GA2 partially assessed]

Q1 The following waveform has the following parameters:


peak voltage: 36 V, periodic time: 250 µs. (7)

1 1
𝑓1 = = = 4.00𝑘𝐻𝑧
𝑇 250𝜇𝑠
2𝑉 2 × 36
𝑉1 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 (4𝑘𝐻𝑧) = = = 22.92𝑉
𝜋 𝜋
𝑉1 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 22.92
𝑉1 𝑅𝑀𝑆 (4𝑘𝐻𝑧) = = = 16.21𝑉
√2 √2
𝑉1 (𝑑𝐵) = 20 log(16.21) = 24.20𝑑𝐵
2𝑉 2 × 36
𝑉3 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 (8𝑘𝐻𝑧) = = = 11.46𝑉
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑉3 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 11.46
𝑉3 𝑅𝑀𝑆 (8𝑘𝐻𝑧) = = = 8.10𝑉
√2 √2
𝑉3 (𝑑𝐵) = 20 log(8.1) = 18.17𝑑𝐵
Page 3 of 7

Q2 The following waveform has the following parameters:


peak voltage: 24 V, periodic time: 200 µs. (7)

1 1
𝑓1 = = = 5.00𝑘𝐻𝑧
𝑇 200𝜇𝑠
8𝑉 8 × 24
𝑉1 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 (5𝑘𝐻𝑧) = = = 19.45𝑉
𝜋2 𝜋2
𝑉1 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 19.45
𝑉1 𝑅𝑀𝑆 (5𝑘𝐻𝑧) = = = 13.75𝑉
√2 √2
𝑉1 (𝑑𝐵) = 20 log(13.75) = 22.77𝑑𝐵
8𝑉 8 × 24
𝑉3 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 (15𝑘𝐻𝑧) = = = 2.16𝑉
9𝜋 2 9𝜋 2
𝑉3 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 2.16
𝑉3 𝑅𝑀𝑆 (15𝑘𝐻𝑧) = = = 1.53𝑉
√2 √2
𝑉3 (𝑑𝐵) = 20 log(1.69) = 3.69𝑑𝐵
Page 4 of 7

LO2: Describe the need for the basic building blocks in an electronic communication
system
[Knowledge area: Engineering Science; GA6 partially assessed]

1.3 Describe the following applications of electronic communication: TV broadcasting,


facsimile, cell phones, two-way radio and local area networks (LANs). (5)

In TV broadcasting, TV stations broadcast entertainment, informational, and


educational programs wirelessly.
A facsimile machine scans a document and converts it to electronic signals that are
sent over the telephone system for reproduction in printed form by another fax machine.
Cell phones provide voice, e-mails, internet access, instant message service, video and
games wirelessly via handsets, base stations and the telephone system.
Two-way radio communication provides commercial, industrial and government
between vehicles, handheld units, and base stations.
Wired or wireless local area networks interconnect smart phones, laptops, servers, or
mainframe computers within an office or building for the purpose of e-mail, internet
access, or the sharing of mass storage peripherals, data, and software.
Page 5 of 7

LO3: Analyse/Design a multi-stage receiver amplifier


[Knowledge area: Engineering Science; GA3 partially assessed]

1.5 Design the third stage of a three-stage amplifier that will meet the following specifications:
Amplifier power gain AT = 37dB
Amplifier noise temperature TN =34.8K
Stage 1: Power gain A1 = 10dB, Noise Figure NF1= 0dB
Stage 2: Power gain A2 = 12dB, Noise Figure NF2 = 3dB (9)

𝐴3 (𝑑𝐵) = 𝐴 𝑇 − (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) = 37 − (10 + 12) = 15𝑑𝐵


𝐴1 = 10𝑑𝐵 = 101 = 10
𝐴2 = 12𝑑𝐵 = 101.5 = 15.85
𝑁𝑅1 = 100 = 1
𝑁𝑅2 = 100.3 = 2
𝑇𝑁 = 290(𝑁𝑅𝑇 − 1)
𝑇𝑁 34.8
𝑁𝑅𝑇 = +1= + 1 = 1.12
290 290

𝑁𝑅2 − 1 𝑁𝑅3 − 1
𝑁𝑅𝑇 = 𝑁𝑅1 + +
𝐴1 𝐴1 𝐴2
𝑁𝑅2 −1 2−1
𝑁𝑅3 = 𝐴1 𝐴2 [𝑁𝑅𝑇 − 𝑁𝑅1 − ] + 1 = 10 × 15.85 [1.12 − 1 − ] + 1 = 4.17
𝐴1 10

𝑁𝐹3 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑁𝑅3 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔4.17 = 6.2𝑑𝐵


Stage 2: A3 = 15dB, NF2 = 6.2dB

1.6 A four-stage amplifier has stages with the following specifications:


Stage 1: power gain = 10, noise ratio = 2
Stage 2: power gain = 15, noise ratio = 4
Stage 3: power gain = 20, noise ratio = 6
Stage 4: power gain = 25, noise ratio = 8
Determine the amplifier’s gain in decibels, the amplifier’s noise ratio and the amplifier’s
noise figure. (3)

𝐺𝑇 = 10 log(10 × 15 × 20 × 25) = 48.75𝑑𝐵


4−1 6−1 8−1
𝑁𝑅𝑇 = 2 + + + = 2.33
10 10×15 10×15×20
𝑁𝐹𝑇 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑁𝑅𝑇 ) = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔(2.33) = 3.67𝑑𝐵
Page 6 of 7

Fourier series for common signals


1. Square wave

4𝑉 1 1
𝑣(𝑡) = [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜔𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝜔𝑡 + ⋯ ]
𝜋 3 5
2. Pulse train

𝜋𝑡𝑜 2𝜋𝑡𝑜
𝑉𝑡𝑜 2𝑉𝑡𝑜 sin ( 𝑇 ) sin ( )
𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔𝑡 + ⋯ ]
𝑣(𝑡) = + [ 𝜋𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡 +
𝑇 𝑇 𝑜 2𝜋𝑡𝑜
𝑇 𝑇
3. Triangle wave

8𝑉 1 1
𝑣(𝑡) = − 2
[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜔𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝜔𝑡 + ⋯ ]
𝜋 9 25
4. Sawtooth wave

2𝑉 1 1 1
𝑣(𝑡) = [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜔𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜔𝑡 + ⋯ ]
𝜋 2 3 4

Useful Constants
Boltzmann’s constant k = 1.38 × 10-23 J/K
Electronic (fundamental) charge q = 1.602 × 10-19 C
Standard (absolute) temperature T0 = 273K
Thermal voltage VT = 26 mV at room temperature
Speed of light c = 3 x 108m/s
Page 7 of 7

Useful Formulae
𝑃
𝑃(𝑑𝐵𝑚) = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
1𝑚𝑊
𝑃
𝑃(𝑑𝐵𝑊) = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
1𝑊
PN = kTB
𝑉𝑁 = 2√𝑘𝑇𝐵𝑅 = √4𝑘𝑇𝐵𝑅
𝑆 𝑃𝑆
(𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
𝑁 𝑃𝑁
𝑆 𝑉𝑆
(𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒) = 20𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
𝑁 𝑉𝑁
(𝑆/𝑁)𝑖
𝑁𝑅 =
(𝑆/𝑁)𝑜
NF = (S/N)i (dB) – (S/N)o (dB)
TN = 290(NR – 1)
𝑁𝑅2 − 1 𝑁𝑅3 − 1
𝑁𝑅𝑇 = 𝑁𝑅1 + + …
𝐴1 𝐴1𝐴2

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