8

Science
Quarter 2 Module 1

Earthquake and
Fault
Science Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 Module 1: Earthquake and Fault

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: LOU ANN A. SOLON
Editors: ANGIE D. CORDOVA
Reviewer: AILEEN V. SEVILLEJO
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: AISHA MAE L. GAMALLO
Subject Area Supervisor: MERIAM T. ABADILLA
Management Team: RONALD G. GUTAY,
ALLAN B. MATIN-AW,
MARY JANE J. POWAO,
AQUILO A. RENTILLOSA,
CRISTINA T. REMOCALDO
ADM Coordinator: RYAN B. REDOBLADO

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 8

Science
Quarter 2 Module 1
Earthquake and Fault
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Earthquake and Fault)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners to meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Earthquake and Fault)!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or
What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.
 In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
 If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Earthquake and Fault. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module contains

Lesson: Earthquake and Fault
After going through this module, you are expected to:
use models or illustrations and explain on how movements along
faults generate earthquakes (S8ES-IIa-14).

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your choice on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Why is Philippines proned to the constant tremors of the earthquake?

A. because it has many islands
B. because it is at the tropical regions
C. because it has plenty of mountain ranges
D. because it is located at the Pacific Ring of Fire
2. Which of the following force will cause the thinning and elongation of the

A. Compression
B. Shearing
C. Squeezing
D. tensional
3. A vibration due to the rapid release of energy is known as
_______________.

A. Earthquake
B. Focus
C. tidal waves
D. typhoon
4. The formation of faults is generally caused by__________.
A. expansion of rocks
B. rolling of rocks
C. weathering of rocks
D. twisting and tearing of rocks
5. When an earthquake occurs, which of the following is the most advisable for
your safety?
A. Duck under the tree.
B. Seek refuge under a bridge.
C. Duck under a sturdy table
D. Stand behind tall cabinets.
6. An earthquake is caused by ___________________?
A.
B. something that slips on a fault
C.
D. rocks that break along the zone of volcano
7. What type of fault movement that plates slide each other horizontally ?
A. Dip-slip fault
B. Right-lateral fault
C. Strike-slip fault
D. Thrust fault
8. What do you call the trace of the fault on the surface of the Earth?
A. Earthquake
B. Epicenter
C. Fault line
D. Focus
9. If you are given folders with the sand on the table and you want to show the
dislocation of the crustal, what will you do?
A. Get a ruler and scrape the sand.
B. Separate the sand from the folder.
C. Use a small stone and drop it on the sand.
D. Hold the side of the folder and move it vertically or horizontally.
 10. Why do earthquakes occur?
A. Crustal plates float over liquid rock.
B. Loose rocks fall from the mountains.
C.
D.

Lesson

1 Earthquake and Fault

The Philippines is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire. People who live along the
Ring of Fire will experience natural calamities such as earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions .
Scientists estimate that more than one million earthquakes occur every year.
Some of these are not so strong in which people cannot feel and caused very little
damages. Other earthquakes are violent that caused severe damages to the property
and countless deaths all over the world. However, earthquakes serve as evidence that
Ear
We can never tell when this quakes will occur and no one can stop this from
happening. However , people can avoid or reduce the damages to properties and
loss of life by having a clear understanding of the occurrence of earthquakes.
 Below is a word search puzzle. Copy and find the words related to
Earthquake and Fault by encircling the words. The words may be written
horizontally, vertically or diagonally.
Use a separate sheet of paper.

EARTHQUAKE AND FAULT

WORD SEARCH

N O R M A L F A U L T S T
S N F R I C T I O N L T E
S L O O R R U B B E U R C
T I O F R A C T U R E I T
R N T F O C U S B N F K O
E E W A L K F A U L T E N
S F O O T W A L L E T S I
S R E V E R S E A U L L C
E A L G I N G B A L L I E
H A N G I N G W A L L P T
C O M P R E S S I O N P T
C O M P T E N S I O N P T

FAULT FRICTION FOOTWALL CRACK

NORMAL FAULT HANGING WALL FOOTWALL REVERSE

STRIKE SLIP STRESS FRACTURE TECTONIC

COMPRESSION TENSION
The activity is supposed to simulate what the ground looks like as rocks move along
a fault. Answer the questions below and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

The sand is on the top of the cardboard or sheets of paper. There are two
parallel lines on the top of sand .
1. As you move the sheets , what is formed in the sand ?
2. What happens to the lines?
3. What do you call
movement occurred?
4. What happens to the road?
5. Do you think this road was originally at one piece?
6. Cite two reasons why this road was not in one piece already.

http://www.geerassociation.org/GEER Post%20EQ%Reports/
Duzce1999/kaynaslide.htm
 What Is It

crust is made of two sections the continental crust and oceanic crust. Continental

floor.
The crust is continually changing due to the force that push or pull on the crust
that cause the changes on the surface and beneath the surface. This push or pull is
called stress. As rocks undergo stress, they slowly change shape and volume. It
causes also the rock to become more compressed or squeezed together . Thus the
volume of rocks decreases. At the other times, it may stretch out over a larger area
and the volume of rocks increases.
Stress is the applied force on the rock layers. Compressional stress pushes the
rock layers together. Tensional stress pulls the rock layers apart. Shear stress is
rotational and parallel to a face of a material.

earthquake .usgs.gov./learn/glossary/term
=compressional%20stress

The stress may cause the rocks to twist or tear apart. The twisting or tearing
apart causes the formation of faults.
A fault
mostly like to occur repeatedly. Earthquakes are associated with faults . When fault
suddenly moves an earthquake occurs.
Earthquake is the trembling, shaking or vibration of Earth caused by the sudden
release of energy. Earthquakes can be caused by volcanic activity due to the
movement of magma through the ground. Majority of the earthquakes are tectonic
caused by the movement of the earth blocks or when rocks along a fault suddenly
moved.
The cross section of a faulted rock has two blocks, one on the top of the other.

a. Hanging wall the block of

rock above the fault
b. Foot wall the block below
the fault

Wikimedia Commons

Different movements of Fault

When rocks are stretched or compressed along the horizon, they breaks and form
a fault plane at angle to the horizon. This angle is called the dip and because the
fault moves or slips along the dip, these type of fault s are called dip-slip faults.
Normal Fault
apart. On this fault, the hanging wall will move up relative to the footwall. This is a
kind of dip slip fault. Reverse Fault is a type of dip slip fault and nearly a vertical

hanging wall pushes up and the footwall pushes down. A special type of reverse fault
is a Thrust fault where the angle of the dip is less than 45 0 . Strike-slip Fault is a
horizontal fault where the areas of rock slide past one another. When shearing and
compression or tension combine, oblique slip fault may form. This type of fault
moves along both the dip slip and strike directions.

Normal fault Reverse fault Strike slip fault

http://www.srh.noa.gov/jetsream/tsunami/ plates.htm
 W

Energy from inside the Earth make the ground move. Friction held the rocks
together. Rocks move slowly and continuously moving and changing the shape and
volume under stress. Once the friction is overcome, the ground will move and
earthquake will occur. Every time a Fault moves or slip , an earthquake will occur.
To understand more about the types of stress and fault, fill in the table with
appropriate answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Model Illustration Description

The hanging wall has moved

downward with respect to
the footwall along the dip
1._____________ 2.______________ direction.

3.________ 4.__________________

Taken from the book of Experiencing

science *
The hanging wall moved
upward relative to the
5. 6_____________________ footwall.
Taken from the book of Experiencing
science *

7.__________ 8.________________

Shear stress 9._______________ 10.

 What I Have Learned

Complete the statement below and choose the pool of words below. Use a separate
sheet for your answer.
.
Fault stress earthquake Friction

Volcanic tectonic fractures hanging wall

tension compressional strike slip fault normal fault

reverse fault

1. Once ___________ is overcome, the ground suddenly moves.

2. When ____________ slips, the Earth quakes.
3. ____________ is the shaking and trembling that results from the sudden

4. A normal fault forms as a result of ________________.

5. ___________ is the applied force on the rock layers.
6. Volcanic earthquakes are caused by a _____________activity due to the
movement of magma through the ground.
7. Faults are _____________in rocks along which movement has occurred.
8. __________________ is the block of rock above the fault.
9. The hanging wall pushes up and the footwall pushes down. The type of fault
formed is ____________________.
10._______________ is a type of fault in which rocks slide past one another
horizontally.
11.______________ is a type of fault in which hanging wall pushes down on the
footwall.
12.A stress that pushes the rock layers together is called a______________.
 What I Can Do

Directions: Copy and write two concepts in each circle about Earthquake and

____

____ Earthquake
and fault ____

____
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the statements is FALSE about earthquake?
A. Earthquake was caused by movement of the rocks on the surface
of the Earth.
B. Earthquake is a vibration of the Earth due the rapid release of
energy.
C. Earthquakes have caused countless deaths all over the world.
D. Earthquake was caused by movement along the fault.
2. Earthquakes are considered as natural disaster because_____________.
A. these are always expected
B. people cannot control it
C. people can control it
D. these are man made
3. When shearing, compression and tension combine, it forms_____________.
A. Oblique slip fault
B. Reverse fault
C. Strike slip fault
D. Thrust fault
4. Which of the following that best describes a fault?
A.
occur repeatedly.
B.
movement occur.
C. It is a break or crack on the surface of the Earth where earthquakes
occur repeatedly.
D. The surface of a rock that has been compressed and squeezed.
5. A special type of reverse fault where the angle of the dip is less than 45 0 is
called as ______________.
A. Normal fault
B. Reverse fault
C. Strike -slip fault
D. Thrust fault

Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

__________ 6. All Earthquakes are caused by moving faults.

___________7. The type of stress that pushes rock together causing a

collision is compression.
__________8. Earthquakes happen by a sudden change of temperature and
slip of a fault.

__________9. Tectonic earthquakes are caused by the movement of the

_________10. Bending, pushing, squeezing and twisting the rocks can