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    Sheet 8 (Cha (7,8) )

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    chemicalengineering321
    This document contains 11 multi-part problems involving thermodynamic processes like expansion through nozzles and turbines, compression in pumps and compressors, and calculations for steam power cycles. The problems cover concepts like isentropic efficiency, heat transfer rates, work output, and thermal efficiency. Key variables calculated across the problems include temperature, pressure, velocity, mass flow rates, heat rates, power requirements, efficiencies, and quality of steam or gas states.

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    Sheet 8 (Cha (7,8) )

    Uploaded by

    chemicalengineering321
    14 views2 pages
    This document contains 11 multi-part problems involving thermodynamic processes like expansion through nozzles and turbines, compression in pumps and compressors, and calculations for steam power cycles. The problems cover concepts like isentropic efficiency, heat transfer rates, work output, and thermal efficiency. Key variables calculated across the problems include temperature, pressure, velocity, mass flow rates, heat rates, power requirements, efficiencies, and quality of steam or gas states.

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    Sheet 8 (cha (7,8))

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    This document contains 11 multi-part problems involving thermodynamic processes like expansion through nozzles and turbines, compression in pumps and compressors, and calculations for steam power cycles. The problems cover concepts like isentropic efficiency, heat transfer rates, work output, and thermal efficiency. Key variables calculated across the problems include temperature, pressure, velocity, mass flow rates, heat rates, power requirements, efficiencies, and quality of steam or gas states.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views2 pages

    Sheet 8 (Cha (7,8) )

    Uploaded by

    chemicalengineering321
    This document contains 11 multi-part problems involving thermodynamic processes like expansion through nozzles and turbines, compression in pumps and compressors, and calculations for steam power cycles. The problems cover concepts like isentropic efficiency, heat transfer rates, work output, and thermal efficiency. Key variables calculated across the problems include temperature, pressure, velocity, mass flow rates, heat rates, power requirements, efficiencies, and quality of steam or gas states.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Sheet (8)

    Chapter (7&8)

    1. A steam turbine operates adiabatically at a power level of 3500 kW. Steam enters the
    turbine at 2400 kPa and (500°C) and exhausts from the turbine as saturated vapour at 20
    kPa. What is the steam rate through the turbine, and what is the turbine efficiency?

    2. Air expands adiabatically through a nozzle from a negligible initial velocity to a f inal
    velocity of 325 m s-1 . What is the temperature drop of the air, if air is assumed to be an
    ideal gas for which Cp = (7/2)R?

    3. Steam enters a nozzle at 800 kPa and (280°C) at negligible velocity and discharges
    at a pressure of 525 kPa. Assuming isentropic expansion of the steam in the nozzle, what
    is the exit velocity and what is the cross-sectional area at the nozzle exit for a flow rate of
    0.75 kg s-1?

    4. Steam expands adiabatically in a nozzle from inlet conditions of 130 (psia), 420 °F and
    a velocity of 230(ft)(s)-1 to a discharge pressure of 35 (psia) where its velocity is 2
    (ft)(s)-1 . What is the state of the steam at the nozzle exit, and what is 𝑆̇ 𝐺for the process?

    5. Saturated steam at 125 kPa is compressed adiabatically in a centrifugal compressor to


    700 kPa at the rate of 2.5 kg s-'. The compressor efficiency is 78%. What is the power
    requirement of the compressor and what are the enthalpy and entropy of the steam in its
    final state?

    6. Tests on an adiabatic gas compressor yield values for inlet conditions (T1, P1) and
    outlet conditions (T2, P2). Assuming ideal gases with constant heat capacities, determine
    the compressor efficiency for one of the following:

    7. A pump operates adiabatically with liquid water entering at T l and P1 with a mass flow
    rate m. The discharge pressure is P2, and the pump efficiency is 𝜂. For one of the
    following sets of operating conditions, determine the power requirement of the pump and
    the temperature of the water discharged from the pump.
    8. A Carnot engine with H 2O as the working fluid operates on the cycle shown in Fig.
    The H2O circulation rate is 1 kg s -1. For TH = 475 K and TC = 300 K, determine:

    (a) The pressures at states 1, 2, 3, and 4.


    (b) The quality xu at states 3 and 4.
    (c) The rate of heat addition.
    (d) The rate of heat rejection.
    (e) The mechanical power for each of the four steps.
    (f) The thermal efficiency 𝜂. of the cycle.

    9. A steam power plant operates on the cycle of Fig. 8.4. For one of the following sets of
    operating conditions, determine the steam rate, the heat-transfer rates in the boiler and
    condenser, and the thermal efficiency of the plant.

    10. Steam enters the turbine of a power plant operating on the Rankine cycle (Fig. 8.3) at
    (600°C) and exhausts at 30 Kpa. To show the effect of boiler pressure on the performance
    of the cycle, calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the quality of t he exhaust
    steam from the turbine for boiler pressures of 5000,7500, and 10 000 kPa.

    11. A steam power plant operating on a regenerative cycle, as illustrated in Fig. 8.5,
    includes two feedwater heaters. Steam enters the turbine at 6500 kPa and 873.15 K
    (600°C) and exhausts at 20 kPa. Steam for the feedwater heaters is extracted from the
    turbine at pressures such that the feedwater is heated to 463.15 K (190°C) in two equal
    increments of temperature rise, with 5 K (5°C) approaches to the steam -condensation
    temperature in each feedwater heater. If the turbine and pump efficiencies are both 0.80,
    what is the thermal efficiency of the cycle and what fraction of the steam entering the
    turbine is extracted for each feedwater heater?

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