CHAPTER -7

PYTHON LIST MANIPULATION

Bimlendu Kumar
PGT Computer Sc.
Kendriya Vidyalaya Garhara
 INTRODUCTION
• Python Lists are containers that are used to store a list of values
of any type.
• Python List are mutable i.e. we can change the elements of a list
in place.
• Python do not create another list when a change is made in list in
place.
We are going to discuss
1. Creating a list and accessing a list
2. Various operations on list
3. List manipulation with some built-in function.
 CREATING AND ACCESSING LISTS
Points to Remember
1. A list is a standard data type of Python that can store a sequence of values
belonging to any type.
2. The lists are depicted through square bracket.
3. Lists are mutable that is value of list can be changed in place.
4. List can contain values of mixed data types.
5. Lists are formed by placing a comma seperated list of expressions in square
brackets.
blanklist = [ ] #Empty List
intlist=[1,2,3,4,5] #list of integers
realist=[1.2, 2.5, 7.3, 8.9, 6.6] #list of real numbers
characterlist= [‘a’,’b’,’c’] #list of characters
fruitlist=[“mango”, “apple”, “grapes”] #list of strings
recordlist=[1, 59.90, ,’m’, “Sandeep”, “cs”] #List of mixed data types
 THE EMPTY LIST
The Empty List: A list that does not have any element.
The empty list is [ ].
It is the list equivalent to ‘0’ or ‘’ and its also have truth value false.
>>>Emptylist1=[]
It can also be created as
>>Emptylist1=list()
>>>Emptylist1
[]
>>>Emptylist5
[]
 LONG LIST AND NESTED LIST
Long List: A list containing many values.
>>>Emptylist1=[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81,
100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324,
361, 400, 441, 484, 529, 576, 625]
Nested Lists: A list containing some list as its value
>>>nestedlist=[2,4,6,[1,3,5],8,10]
 LIST FROM TUPLE
creation of list from tuple
>>>tuple1=('W','E','L','C','O','M','E‘)
>>> List2=list(tuple1)
>>> List2
output
['W', 'E', 'L', 'C', 'O', 'M', 'E']
 LIST CREATING FROM INPUT TAKEN BY USER
creation of list from keyboard input
>>> List3=list(input("Enter List Elements:- "))

Enter List Elements:- 123456789

>>> List3

['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']

 LIST CREATING FROM INPUT TAKEN BY USER
creation of list from keyboard input
>>> List3=list(input("Enter List Elements:- "))
Enter List Elements:- 123456789
>>> List3
Output
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
Though we have typed digits but it is taken as string

>>> List4=eval(input("Enter 5 integers as elements of list :- "))

Enter 5 integers as elements of list :- 10,20,30,40,50
>>> List4
Output
(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
 ACCESSING LISTS
Lists are mutable sequences having a progression of elements. So, there must
be a way to access its individual element. But before moving to this, let us
discuss its smililarities with string.
1. Lists are sequences just like strings. They also index their individual
elemens just like strings. (Figure showing 2 way indexing)
 SMILILARITIES WITH STRING.
2. Length: Function len() returns the number of items in the
list and it is same as that of string

>>> List=['C','o','m','p','u','t','e','r']
>>> print(len(List))
8

>>> str="Computer"
>>> print(len(str))
output:
8
 SMILILARITIES WITH STRING
Smililarities with string.
3. Indexing:
List[i] will return the value at index i of the List. The first item
has index 0.
Example
>>> print(List[1])
o #output  it is 2nd element of list whose index is 1
>>> print(str[1])
o #output it is 2nd element of string whose index is 1
>>> print(List[-1])
r #output  it is last element of list whose index is 1
>>> print(str[-1])
r #output it is last element of string whose index is 1
 SMILILARITIES WITH STRING
Smililarities with string.
4. Slicing:
List[i:j] will return a new list, containing objects at indexes between i and j
(including i but excluding j index)
Example
>>> print(List[0:5])
compu #output  it is 2nd element of list whose index is 1
>>> print(str[0:5])
compu #output it is 2nd element of string whose index is 1
>>> print(List[-1:])
r #output  it is last element of list whose index is 1
>>> print(str[-1])
r #output it is last element of string whose index is 1
 SMILILARITIES WITH STRING.
Smililarities with string.
5. Concatenation and Replication Operators + and *:-
The + operator adds one list to the end of second list.
>>>List1=[10,20,30]
>>>List2=[40,50,60] Replication of List using * operator
>>>List3=List1+List2
>>>print(List1)
[10, 20, 30]
>>> vowels=['a','e','i','o','u']
>>>Print(List2)
[40, 50, 60] >>> vowels*2
>>>Print(List3)
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
 SMILILARITIES WITH STRING
Smililarities with string. >>> 'r' not in str
5. Membership Operators (in and not in): Output
>>>Str=”Computer” False
>>> List1=['C','o','m','p','u','t','e','r']
>>> 'r' in str
>>> 's‘ not in str
Output Output
True true
>>> 's' in str
Output
>>> 'r' not in List
False Output
>>> 'r' in List False
Output
True
>>> 's' not in List
>>> 's' in List Output
Output True
False
 DIFFERENCE FROM STRING
Difference in list and String
Lists are mutable but string is immutable.
>>> vowels=['a','e','i','o','u']
>>> str="aeiou“
>>> vowels[4]='y‘ #changing list element in place
>>> vowels
['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'y'] #look changed list value.

>>> str[4]='h' #trying to change element of string but not allowed

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#88>", line 1, in <module>
str[4]='h'
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
 ACCESSING LISTS
Traversing a List
>>> vowels=['a','e','i','o','u']
Accessing List elements one by one using for loop
>>> for i in vowels:
print(i)
output
a
e
i
o
u
 ACCESSING LISTS
How loop works on List
>>> L=['Q','W','E','R','T','Y']
>>> length=Len(L)
>>> for a in range(length):
print("at index ",a," and ",(a-length)," element is ",L[a])

at index 0 and -6 element is Q

at index 1 and -5 element is W
at index 2 and -4 element is E
at index 3 and -3 element is R
at index 4 and -2 element is T
at index 5 and -1 element is Y
 ACCESSING LISTS
Comparing List
Two elements of a list can be compared using relational operators
>>> L1, L2=[10,20,30],[10,20,30]
>>> L1==L2
True
Comparison Result of two lists with explanation
Comparison Result Explanation
[1, 2, 8, 9]< [9, 1] True 1 is less than 9
[1, 2, 8, 9] < [1, 2, 9, 8] True 8 at 3rd place in list1 and 9 in list2
[1, 2, 8, 9] < [1, 2, 7, 8] False 8 at 3rd place in list1 and 7 in list2
 LIST OPERATIONS
1. Joining Lists: Two or more lists can be concatenated using +
operator in between the list operands.
>>>List1=[1, 2, 3]
>>>List2=[4, 5, 6]
>>>list3=[7, 8, 9]
>>>List1+List2
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>>List1+List2+List3
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9]
Both the operands must be of list type. Following list operations not allwed
List+Number
List+Complex Number
List+String
 LIST OPERATIONS
2. Repeating or Replicating Lists: A list can be replicated or repeated
an integer number of times.

>>> list=[10,20]
>>> list*2
[10, 20, 10, 20]

>>> list*2.5
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#118>", line 1, in <module>
list*2.5
TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'float'
 LIST OPERATIONS
3. Slicing the Lists: List slices are like string slices and are the subpart
of a list extracted out. We can use indexes of list elements to
create list slices as per following format
seq=L[start:stop]
>>> Lst=[10, 12, 14, 20, 22, 24, 30, 32, 34]
>>> seq=Lst[3:-3] #slicing index 3 not included
>>> seq
[20, 22, 24]
>>> seq[1]=28
>>> seq
[20, 28, 24]
>>> Lst[3:30] #since there are not 30 indexes hence wil extract elemenst starting from index 3 to the end of the list
[20, 22, 24, 30, 32, 34]
 LIST OPERATIONS
3. Slicing the Lists:
>>> Lst[-17:7] #Starting index is very low but Python will start form -15 and will extract element onward < 7
[10, 12, 14, 20, 22, 24, 30]
>>>Lst[10:20]
[] #since no element falls in between given indexes
Note: L[Start:Stop] creates a list slice with elements falling between Start
and Stop indexes (Stop index not included) skipping step 1 elements in
between
>>>Lst[Start:Stop:Skip]
Example
>>>Lst[0:10:2]
[10, 14 , 22, 30, 34] #Look 2 alternate elements are extracted as skip is 2
>>>Lst[::3] #Start and Stop not given ony skip is given hence it will pick every 3rd element from the list
[10, 20, 30]
 LIST OPERATIONS
3. Slicing the Lists:
Seq1=Lst[::2] # Seq1 will have every second item of the list
Seq2=Lst[5::2] #Seq2 will have every second element starting from
# index 5 i.e. sixth element
>>>Lst[::-1] # Will reverse the list
 WORKING WITH LISTS
1. Appending Element to a List:
append() function is used to append item to the list. Its general
syntax is

List.append(item)

>>>List1=[10,20]
>>>List1.append(30)
>>>List1
[10, 20, 30]
 WORKING WITH LISTS
2. Updating Element to a List:
To update or change an element of List in place we just have to
assign new value to the element’s index in the list as per syntax given
below
List[index]=<new value>

>>>List1=[10, 20, 30, 40, 45]

>>>List1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 45]
>>>List1[4]=50
>>>List1
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
 WORKING WITH LISTS
3. Deleting Element from a List:
To remove item from list del statement can be used. It can
(a) Remove single element
(b) Remove multiple items identified by list slicingSyntax
Syntax
(a) del List[Index]
Example:
>>>List1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10]
>>>List1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10]
>>>del List1[5]
>>>List1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 , 8, 9, 10] #6th element is deleted from list
 WORKING WITH LISTS
3. Deleting Element from a List:
To remove item from list del statement can be used. It can
(b) Remove multiple items identified by list slicingSyntax
Syntax
(a) del List[start:stop]
Example:
>>>List1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10]
>>>List1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10]
>>>del List1[3:5]
>>>List1
[1, 2, 3, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10] #6th element is deleted from list
 WORKING WITH LISTS
3. Deleting Entire List:
Use del <listname> command to delete entire list.
>>>list1=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>>list1
[1,2,3,4,5]
>>>del list1 #all elements of list as well as list object deleted
>>>list1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module>
list1
NameError: name 'list1' is not defined
 WORKING WITH LISTS
3. Deleting an element of List using pop() method:
pop() method can also be used to remove / delete one element from specified index
position of the list like del command but it also returns the deleted value that can be stored
in some variable and can be used later on.
Syntax List.pop(index)
if Index is skipped last element is deleted from list.
>>> List1=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
>>> List1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> List1.pop()
10
>>> List1
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> List1.pop(0)
1
>>> List1
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Python offers many built-in-functions and methods for list manipulation. Some of them are listed below
Function Syntax Example
index() List.index(item >>>
It returns the in list) List1=[10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]
index position of >>>List1
the element in [10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]
the list if found >>> List1.index(40)
oyherwise error 3
>>> List1.index(120)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
List1.index(120)
ValueError: 120 is not in list
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
append() List.append() >>> List1=[10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]
It appends the >>>List1
given item to the >>>List1.append(110)
end of the list the >>>List1
new list [10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110]
note: append() Note:
does not return the >>>List3=List1.append(120)
new list >>>List3
[ ] //Blank because append do not return anything
>>> Lis1.append(120,130) #error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#22>", line 1, in <module>
Lis1.append(120,130)
NameError: name 'Lis1' is not defined
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
extend() List1.extend(List) >>>List1=[10,20,30]
extend() method is >>>List2=[40,50,60]
used to append a list >>>List1
to the existing list but [10,20,30]
it also does not return >>>List2
any value. [40,50,60]
>>>List1.extend(List2)
>>>List1
[10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>List2
[40,50,60]
>>>List3=List1.extend(List2)
>>>List3
[] # empty
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
extend() List1.extend(List) >>>List1=[10,20,30]
extend() method is >>>List2=[40,50,60]
>>>List1
used to append a list [10,20,30]
to the existing list but >>>List2
it also does not return [40,50,60]
any value. >>>List1.extend(List2)
>>>List1
[10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>List2
[40,50,60]
>>>List3=List1.extend(List2)
>>>List3
[] # empty
>>>List1.extend(130) #Error it can not add one
element rather it requires list. Either Provide a list or
list object
>>>List1.extend([120,130]) #OK it will work
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
insert() List1.insert(index, item) >>>List1=[10,20,30]
insert() >>>List1.insert(2,25)
method is >>>List1
[10,20,25,30]
used to >>>List1.insert(0,5)
insert in >>>List1
between or [5,10,20,25,30]
any position >>> List1.insert(len(List1),40)
of your >>> List1
choice. [5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40]
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
pop() List.pop(index) >>> List1=[10,20,30,40,50]
pop() method List.pop() >>> List1
removes data #if without index [10,20,30,40,50]
from the used pop() function >>>List1.pop(0)
specified will remove last 10
index position element from the >>>List1
of the list. It list [20,30,40,50]
also returns >>>List.pop()
the data 50
popped. It can not pop data from empty list
>>>List2=[]
>>>List2.pop() #Error
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
remove() List.remove(<value>) >>> List1=[10,20,30,40,50, 30, 90]
remove() >>> List1
method [10,20,30,40,50, 30, 90]
removes the >>>List1.remove(30)
first >>>List1
occurrence of [10,20,40,50,30,90]
the instance >>>List.remove(150)
from the Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#11>", line 1, in <module>
specified list.
List1.remove(150)
It does not ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
return
anything.
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
clear() List.clear() >>>List1=[10,20,30]
>>>List1
clear()
[10,20,30]
method >>>List1.clear()
removes all >>>List1
the items [ ] #empty list
from the list.
Unlike del
clear removes
only the items
of the list and
not the list
itself.
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
count() List.count(item) >>>List1=[10,20,30,10]
count() >>>List1
[10,20,30,10]
method return >>>List1.count(10)
the number of 2
occurrence of >>>List1.count(100)
the items in 0
the list which
has been
provided as
argument to
the function
 LIST FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
Function Syntax Example
reverse() List.reverse() >>>List1=[10,20,30]
reverse() method >>>List1
reverse the list in [10,20,30,10]
place.
>>>List1.reverse()
>>>List1
[30,20,10]
sort() List.sort() >>>List1=[15,5,25,20,40,60,50]
sort() method # Sort in ascending order >>>List1
List.sort(reverse=True) [15,5,25,20,40,60,50]
sorts the list in >>>List1.sort()
ascending order >>>List1
by default. it can [5,15,20,25,40,50,60] #sorted in ascending order
also be used for >>>List1.sort(reverse=True)
sorting in >>>List1
[60,50,40,25,20,15,5]
descending order.
 LIST PROGRAMS
""“ Program to minimum and maximum element in a list """
lst=eval(input("Enter List:- "))
length=len(lst)
min=lst[0]
minindex=0
max=lst[0]
maxindex=0
for i in range(1, length-1):
if lst[i]<min:
min=lst[i];
minindex=i;
if lst[i]>max:
max=lst[i]
maxindex=i;
print("Given list is ",lst)
print("smallest value in list = ",min," and its index is ",minindex)
print("Largest value in list - ",max," ans its index is ",maxindex)
Output
Enter List:- [2,3,4,-2,6,-7,8,11,-9,11]
Given list is [2, 3, 4, -2, 6, -7, 8, 11, -9, 11]
smallest value in list = -9 and its index is 8
Largest value in list - 11 ans its index is 7
 LIST PROGRAMS
"""
Program to find mean of the list
"""
lst=eval(input("Enter List:- "))
length=len(lst)
mean=sum=0
for i in range(0, length-1):
sum+=lst[i]
mean=sum/length
print("Given list is ",lst)
print("Mean value is ",mean)
=========================================================
Enter List:- [10,20,30,40,50]
Given list is [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
Mean value is 20.0
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