Name: Irish B.

Dao Date: October 6, 2023

Program & Year: BS MATH-2

TTL 1- AIQR1

Unit Plan
UNIT: MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY TIME FRAME: 1 WEEK

TEACHER: MS. IRISH B. DAO

Unit Summary and Rationale:

In the field of data analysis, measures of central tendency are widely used as
statistical methods to analyze and summarize data. These measures, including the
mean, median, and mode, offer valuable insights into the central or typical value
of a dataset. The main purpose of measuring central tendency is to determine the
location of the center of various distributions and provide a better understanding
of where the pivot or focal point of the data is located(Prasodjo & Sally, 2022). By
calculating the mean, median, or mode, researchers can gain a better
understanding of the average value or most frequently occurring value in the
dataset. These measures are particularly important when dealing with survey
data or ordinal data, as they provide a more appropriate measure of central
tendency. Furthermore, measures of dispersion serve as crucial tools for analyzing
data variability. By measuring the dispersion of a dataset, researchers can gain
insights into the spread or variability of the data values. This helps to determine
the reliability of the average and provides a basic control of variability.

Unit Standards:

Statistical Concepts: Students should understand the fundamental concepts related to

measures of central tendency, including mean, median, and mode.

Calculation Skills: Students should be able to calculate the mean, median, and mode of a
dataset, both manually and using appropriate software or calculators.

Interpretation: Students should learn how to interpret the results of these measures in the
context of real-world data and problems.

Data Representation: Students should be able to represent data using appropriate graphs or
charts and understand how central tendency measures relate to these representations.

Variability Awareness: Students should grasp the concept of data variability and how measures
of central tendency may not always fully describe a dataset, especially when dealing with
skewed or non-normal distributions.

Problem Solving: Students should apply measures of central tendency to solve practical
problems, such as analyzing survey results, financial data, or scientific experiments.

Critical Thinking: Encourage critical thinking by challenging students to consider the strengths
and limitations of each measure and when to use them effectively.

Technology Proficiency: Familiarize students with statistical software or tools commonly used
in data analysis, as they play a crucial role in calculating and visualizing central tendency
measures.

Ethical Considerations: Discuss the ethical aspects of handling data, including issues related to
privacy, bias, and data manipulation, to promote responsible data analysis.

Unit Connection College and Career Ready Descriptions:

Students will value evidence:

Emphasize the importance of using data and evidence to support their calculations and
interpretations of measures of central tendency.

Students will build strong content knowledge:

Ensure that students have a solid foundation in the theory and practical application of
measures of central tendency.

Students will critique as well as comprehend:

Encourage students not only to calculate measures of central tendency but also to critically
evaluate their relevance and limitations in different contexts.
Essential Questions: Big Ideas:

 Why do we need to find averages in  Students will investigate data

real life, and how can they help us variability and how measurements of
make decisions? central tendency reveal common
 What are the differences between patterns within this diversity.
mean, median, and mode, and when  They will understand the relevance of
 should we use each of them? picking the proper measure, realizing
 How do outliers affect measures of that it is dependent on the nature of
central tendency, and why is it the data and the specific enquiry at
important to consider them? hand.
 In what situations might the mean not  The real-world relevance of mean,
accurately represent the "typical" median, and mode will be highlighted
value in a dataset, and how can we through practical applications across
address this? disciplines.
 What are some real-world examples  Students will learn that evaluating data
where knowing the mode of a dataset requires critical thinking and
is crucial? contextual understanding in addition
 How can we visualize data to better to calculation.
understand measures of central  Data visualization, ethical data
tendency, and what types of graphs or handling, problem solving, and
charts are most effective? statistical literacy will become critical
 What ethical considerations should we abilities.
keep in mind when collecting and  They will also value technology as a
analyzing data to calculate measures of helpful tool in data analysis while
central tendency? highlighting the importance of critical
 How can understanding central thinking in its application.
tendency measures help us critically
evaluate statistics and information
presented to us in the media and in
research studies?

Learning Tasks: Skills:

Reading Tasks: Data Interpretation: Students should be able

1. Read and analyze real-world data sets to to interpret data sets, identifying patterns and
identify the need for measures of central trends.
tendency.
2. Analyze graphs and charts representing Analytical Reading: Students need to analyze
data, focusing on how central tendency articles and case studies to extract relevant
measures are depicted. information about central tendency concepts.

Writing Tasks: Graph Comprehension: Students should

1. Create data-driven reports that utilize comprehend the visual representation of data
measures of central tendency to draw in graphs and charts, connecting it to central
conclusions and make recommendations. tendency measures.

Critical Thinking: Students need to engage in

critical thinking during class discussions,
Discussion Tasks: evaluating the impact of central tendency
1 . Engage in class discussions about scenarios choices.
where the choice of mean, median, or mode
impacts decision-making.
2. Collaborate on data interpretation
exercises, sharing insights on how outliers
affect central tendency measures.

Language/Vocabulary Tasks:
1. Develop a glossary of key terms related to
central tendency, including mean, median,
mode, variability, and outlier.
2. Practice using statistical vocabulary in
written and oral explanations of data analysis.

Key Terms / Vocabulary:

Certainly, here are key terms and vocabulary related to Measures of Central
Tendency:

Mean: The mean, also known as the average, is the sum of all values in a dataset
divided by the number of values. It represents the central value in a set of data.

Median: The median is the middle value in a dataset when the data is arranged in
ascending or descending order. It is less affected by extreme values (outliers) and
provides a measure of central tendency.

Mode: The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset. It is
suitable for identifying the most common or popular element in a set of data.

Outlier: An outlier is an extreme value in a dataset that significantly differs from

the other values. It can skew central tendency measures, such as the mean.

Variability: Variability refers to the degree to which data points in a dataset differ
from each other. High variability indicates a wide range of values, while low
variability means values are close to each other.

Data Distribution: Data distribution describes how data points are spread out in a
dataset. It can be symmetric, skewed, or exhibit other patterns.

Central Tendency: Central tendency measures, including mean, median, and

mode, are used to identify a central or typical value in a dataset.

Data Set: A data set is a collection of data points or observations that are
analyzed together to draw conclusions or make inferences.

Frequency: Frequency refers to the number of times a particular value appears in

a dataset, which is relevant when determining the mode.

Statistical Literacy: Statistical literacy is the ability to understand, interpret, and

critically evaluate statistics and data.

Assessments:

Summative Assessments: A comprehensive test covering central tendency concepts,

calculations, and their applications halfway through the unit.

Unit Quiz: A diagnostic quiz at the beginning of the unit to gauge students' prior knowledge of
basic statistics and central tendency concepts.

Formative Assessment: Exercises where students interpret graphs and charts, identifying the
central tendency measures they represent.

Learning Activities: Resources / Text Selections:

Group Activity : Divide students into groups Books:

and provide them with datasets. Ask each 1. "Statistics" by Robert S. Witte and John S.
group to discuss and decide which measure of Witte - A comprehensive textbook on statistics
central tendency is best suited for their data that covers measures of central tendency in-
and explain why. depth.
 2. "Introduction to the Practice of Statistics"
by David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, and
Bruce A. Craig - A widely used statistics
textbook that includes practical examples of
central tendency measures.

Online Resources:
1. Khan Academy (khanacademy.org) - Offers
free online lessons and exercises on statistics,
including measures of central tendency.

Additional Resources:

1. Online calculators or tools that allow

students to input data and calculate mean,
median, and mode interactively.

2. Data sets from various fields such as

economics, biology, or social sciences that
students can use for hands-on practice with
central tendency calculations.

4. Educational YouTube channels or video

tutorials that visually explain central tendency
measures.

By using these resources, both teachers and

students can access a variety of materials to
enhance their understanding of measures of
central tendency and their applications in
statistics.
Additional Notes:

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

a.) Understand the concept of central tendency,

b. ) calculate the mean, median, and mode, and
c. )applying these measures to real-world data.
Prerequisite Knowledge:

To successfully engage with this unit on "Measures of Central Tendency,"

students are expected to have a foundational understanding of basic
understanding of arithmetic, data representation, and elementary statistics.