Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 1/9

Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022

Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

QUESTION 1: For the truss below, using matrix implementation of stiffness

method: Refer to lecture
slides
a) Obtain local stiffness matrices for elements 1-2, 1-4 and 1-4.

b) Obtain the rotation angles for transformation from local to global coordinate
systems for elements 1-2, 1-4 and 1-4.

c) Compute the global stiffness matrices for elements 1-2, 1-4 and 1-4.

d) Assemble the global stiffness for the whole system.

e) Isolate the matrix KAA , KAR and KRR from the system matrix

f) Solve for the deflections at node 1

g) Compute the reactions at supports 2, 3 and 4.

h) Compute the member forces.

(Area = 1 010mm2 and E = 200 000N/mm2 )

 Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 2/9
Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022
Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

LOCAL STIFFNESS MATRICES: The local stiffness matrix is generally given

as:

 
1 0 −1 0
EA  0
 0 0 0
[K L ] = =
L −1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0

We substitute for individual elements:

   
1 0 −1 0 101 0 −101 0
200 000 × 1 010  0 0 0
 0  0 0 0 0
[K L ]12 = −1 0 1 = 103 
−101

2000 0 0 101 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

   
1 0 −1 0 161.6 0 −161.6 0
200 000 × 1 010  0
 0 0 0   0 0 0 0
[K L ]13 = −1 = 103 
−161.6

1 250 0 1 0 0 161.6 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

   
1 0 −1 0 202 0 −202 0
200 000 × 1 010  0
 0 0 0   0 0 0 0
[K L ]14 = −1 = 103 
−202

1 000 0 1 0 0 202 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DETERMINE AXIS ROTATION ANGLES AND [K]global First we draw a

global axis system and show respective DoF per node.
 Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 3/9
Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022
Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

We determine rotation angles and compute global stiffness matrix

Note that since we

have equation for
global matrix, we
  don’t actually
C2 CS −C 2 −CS need to write
EA  CS2 S 2 −CS −S 2  down local
[K]12 = 
L  −C −CS C 2 CS  stiffness matrix
−CS −S 2 CS S2 before proceeding.
 
0.25 −0.433 −0.25 0.433
200 000 × 1010  −0.433 0.75 0.433 −0.75 
= 
 −0.25

2000 0.433 0.25 −0.433
0.433 −0.75 −0.433 0.75
u1 u2 u3 u4
 25.25 −43.73 −25.25 43.73  u1
= 103−43.73 75.75 43.73 −75.75 u2
−25.25 43.73 25.25 −43.73 u3
 
43.73 −75.75 −43.73 75.75 u4
 Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 4/9
Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022
Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

We continue with Element13:

 
C2 CS −C 2 −CS
EA  CS2 S 2 −CS −S 2 
[K]13 = 
L  −C −CS C 2 CS 
−CS −S 2 CS S2
 
0.639 0.480 −0.639 −0.480
200 000 × 1010 
 0.480 0.361 −0.480 −0.361
= −0.639

1250 −0.480 0.639 0.480 
−0.480 −0.361 0.480 0.361
u1 u2 u5 u6
 103.26 77.57 −103.26 −77.57 u1
= 103 77.57 58.34 −77.57 −58.34 u2
−103.26 −77.57 103.26 77.57 u5
 
−77.57 −58.34 77.57 58.34 u6
 Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 5/9
Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022
Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

We continue with Element14:

 
C2 CS −C 2 −CS
EA  CS2 S 2 −CS −S 2 
[K]14 = 
L  −C −CS C 2 CS 
−CS −S 2 CS S2
 
1.00 0.00 −1.00 0.00
200 000 × 1010 
 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
= −1.00 0.00 1.00

1000 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
u1 u2 u7 u8
 202 0 −202 0  u1
= 103 0 0 0 0  u2
−202 0 202 0 u7
 
0 0 0 0 u8

ASSEMBLE SYSTEM MATRIX

u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 u6 u7 u8
330.51 33.84 −25.25 43.73 −103.26 −77.57 −202 0 u1
 
 33.84 134.09 43.73 −75.75 −77.57 −58.34 0 0 u2
 −25.25 43.73 25.25 −43.73 0 0 0 0 u3
 
3 43.73 −75.75 −43.73 75.75 0 0 0 0 u4
 
[K]global = 10 
−103.26 −77.57 0 0 103.26 77.57 0 0 u5

 −77.57 −58.34 0 0 77.57 58.34 0 0 u6
 
 −202 0 0 0 0 0 202 0 u7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 u8
 Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 6/9
Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022
Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

OBTAIN KAA , KAR and KRR FROM SYSTEM MATRIX

 
KAA KAR
[K]Global =
KRA KRR

330.51 33.84 −25.25 43.73 −103.26 −77.57 −202 0  u1 

  
 33.84 134.09 43.73 −75.75 −77.57 −58.34 0 0 
 
u2 
 
  

u = 0
 −25.25  
 43.73 25.25 −43.73 0 0 0 0 


 3



0  u4 = 0
 
[K]global
 43.73
3
= 10  −75.75 −43.73 75.75 0 0 0 
 −103.26 −77.57 0 0 103.26 77.57 0 0 
u5 = 0 
 −77.57 −58.34 0 0 77.57 58.34 0 0  u6 = 0
 
  

u = 0
 −202  
0 0 0 0 0 202 0  
 7



u8 = 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

 
330.51 33.84
[K]AA = 103
33.84 134.09

 
−25.25 43.73

 43.73 −75.75 

3
 −103.26 −77.57 
[K]AR = 10  
 −77.57 −58.34 
 −202 0 
0 0

 
25.25 −43.73 0 0 0 0

 −43.73 75.75 0 0 0 0 

3
 0 0 103.26 77.57 0 0 
[K]RR = 10  
 0 0 77.57 58.34 0 0 

 0 0 0 0 202 0 
0 0 0 0 0 0
 Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 7/9
Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022
Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

DEFLECTION AT NODE 1.

{P } = [K]{U }
330.51 33.84 −25.25 43.73 −103.26 −77.57 −202 0  u1 
    
 P1 
33.84 134.09 43.73 −75.75 −77.57 −58.34 0 0 
   
P  u2 
 
2

 
  
   

P u = 0
   
 3  −25.25 43.73 25.25 −43.73 0 0 0 0  3

 
   
 

 
P4 u = 0
  
= 10  43.73
3
 −75.75 −43.73 75.75 0 0 0 0 
 4

 P 5
  −103.26 −77.57 0 0 103.26 77.57 0 0 
 u5 = 0
P6  u6 = 0
   −77.57  


 
  −58.34 0 0 77.57 58.34 0 0 
 
 

P 7 u = 0
   −202  





 0 0 0 0 0 202 0  
 7



P8 u = 0
   
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

To computing deflection, since UR = 0;

PA = KAA UA
    
0 330 510 33 840 u1
=
−20 000 33 840 134 090 u2

      
u1 1 134 090 −33 840 0 0.0157
= =
u2 4.3173 × 1010 −33 840 330 510 −20 000 −0.153
 Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 8/9
Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022
Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

REACTIONS:
We compute reactions.

       

 P3  −25 250 43 730 −7 087N   −7.1kN 
     
P 43 730 −75 750  12 276N  12.3kN 
    
4

 
  

       
 
 

P5 −103 260 −77 570 0.0157
 
10 247N
 
10.2kN

=
 −77 570 = =

 P6 
  −58 340 −0.153
 
 7 708N  
 7.7kN 



 P7 

 −202 000 0 


−3 171N





 −3.2kN



     
P8 0 0 0N 0N
     

MEMBER FORCES
We compute member forces. In order to compute member forces recall that:

{P L } = [K L ][T ]{u}

We consider Element 12. From Step 1, θ12 = 1200 .

     

 P1 
 1 0 −1 0 C S 0 0  u1 
  EA  −S C
P2 0 0 0 0 0 0  u2 
= −1 0
 

 P3  L 1 0  0 0 C S  u3 
  
 
P4 0 0 0 0 0 0 −S C u4
 
   
1 0 −1 0 −0.5 0.866 0 0 
 0.0157 

200 000 × 1 010  0 0 0 0 −0.866 −0.5 0 0 

−0.153

=  
−1 0 1 0  0
 
2000 0 −0.5 0.866 
 0  
0 0 0 0 0 0 −0.866 −0.5 0
 
   

 −14 176
 −14.18kN 
  
0 0kN
  
= =

 14 176 
  14.18kN 
  
0 0kN
  

Element 12 is therefore in TENSION.

We consider Element 13. From Step 1, θ13 = 216.90 .

     
P1 
  1 0 −1 0 C S 0 0  u1 

P2
 EA 0 0 0 0 −S C 0 0  u2 
= −1
 

 P5  L 0 1 0  0 0 C S  u5 
  
P6 0 0 0 0 0 0 −S C u6
  
   
1 0 −1 0 −0.800 −0.6 0 0 
 0.0157 

200 000 × 1 010  0 0 0 0   0.6 −0.800 0 0   −0.153
 
= 
−1 0 1 0  0

1250 0 −0.800 −0.6  
 0  
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 −0.800 0
 
   
 12 816N 
    12.8kN  
0N 0kN
   
= =

 −12 816N  −12.8kN 
  
0N 0kN
  

Element 13 is therefore in COMPRESSION.

 Course: SUS3B: Structures (2) Page: 9/9
Rubric: tUTORIAL 05 Date: October 6, 2022
Lecturer: Dr Matongo Kabani Moderator:

We consider Element 14. From Step 1, θ14 = 1800 .

     

 P1 
 1 0 −1 0 C S 0 0   u1 
  EA  −S  
P2 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 u2

= −1 0


 P7  L 1 0  0 0 C S 
 u7 
  
 
P8 0 0 0 0 0 0 −S C u8
 
   
1 0 −1 0 −1 0 0 0   0.0157 

200 000 × 1 010 
0 0 0 0 0
 −1 0 0 −0.153
 
= −1 0 1
1000 0 0
 0 −1 0 

 0  
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0
 
   

 −3 171N  
 −3.2kN 

0N 0kN
   
= =

 3 171N    3.2kN 
  
0N 0kN
  

Element 14 is therefore in TENSION.