HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)

Part II Microscopic world I

Chemistry: Chapter 5 Atomic structure

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 5 Atomic structure

Structured questions

Sections 5.15.2
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The following table gives data for some elements:

Melting point Boiling point

Element Electrical conductivity
(C) (°C)
A 7 58 poor
B 1083 2600 good
C 39 357 good
D 219 183 poor
E 98 890 good
F 119 445 poor

(a) Which of the above elements are liquids at room conditions? (2 marks)

(b) State the temperature range in which F exists as a liquid. (1 mark)

(c) (i) Which of the above elements are metals? (1 mark)

(ii) State TWO properties of metals. (2 marks)

(iii) A student stated that if a solid could conduct electricity, it must be a metal.
Comment on the statement. (1 mark)

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(a) A 1
C 1

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(b) 119445C 1
(c) (i) B, C, E 1
(ii) Any TWO:
They have a shiny appearance. 1
They are good conductors of heat / electricity. 1
They are malleable and ductile. (1)
(iii) The statement is incorrect. Graphite (a form of carbon) is a solid
non-metal that can conduct electricity. 1
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Sections 5.35.4
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The diagram below shows the structure of an atom of element X. The crosses, black
dots and white dots represent three different kinds of subatomic particles.

(a) (i) What subatomic particle is represented by the black dot? (1 mark)

(ii) State the charge of the black dot. (1 mark)

(b) Determine the atomic number and the mass number of X. (2 marks)

(c) Hence, write the full atomic symbol of X. (1 mark)

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(a) (i) Neutron 1
(ii) Neutral / 0 1
(b) Atomic number = number of protons = 9 1

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Mass number = sum of number of protons and number of neutrons

= 9 + 10 = 19 1
(c) 1
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Sections 5.55.6
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Element X has two isotopes, and .
(a) Given that the relative abundance of the two isotopes are both 50% and the
relative atomic mass of X is 77.5, calculate the value of y. (2 marks)

(b) is an element with the mass number of 75.

(i) Determine the number of neutrons in . (1 mark)

(ii) State and explain whether Z is an isotope of X. (2 marks)

(iii) Hence, state and explain whether Z and X have the same chemical
properties. (2 marks)

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(a) 75 × 50% + y × 50% = 77.5 1
y = 80 1
(b) (i) Number of neutrons = 75  28 = 47 1
(ii) Z is not an isotope of X 1
because Z and X have different atomic numbers / numbers of protons. 1
(iii) They have different chemical properties 1
as they have different numbers of protons and electrons in their atoms. 1
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Element Y has two isotopes, and .
(a) Determine the relative isotopic mass of . (1 mark)

(b) If the percentage abundances of and are 40% and 60% respectively,
calculate the relative atomic mass of Y. (2 marks)

(c) A student stated that both isotopes of Y have the same physical properties as they
belong to the same element. Comment on the statement. (1 mark)

(d) Explain why the two isotopes have the same chemical properties. (1 mark)

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(a) 66 1
(b) Relative atomic mass of Y = 63 × 40% + 66 × 60% 1
= 64.8 1
(c) The statement is incorrect. As the isotopes have different numbers of
neutrons, they have different masses and hence slightly different physical
properties. 1
(d) The two isotopes have the same number of electrons. 1
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Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes, 28Si, 29Si and 30Si. The relative
abundance of 28Si is 92.2% and the relative atomic mass of silicon is 28.086.

(a) Is silicon a metal, non-metal or semi-metal? (1 mark)

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(b) What is the meaning of ‘relative atomic mass’? (1 mark)

(c) Calculate the relative abundance of 29Si and 30Si. (3 marks)

(d) State ONE different property of the three isotopes. (1 mark)

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(a) Semi-metal 1
(b) Relative atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the
relative isotopic masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of the
element on the 12C = 12.00 scale. 1
(c) Let the percentage abundance of Si and Si be z% and (100  92.2  z)
29 30

%, i.e. (7.8 – z)% respectively.

28 × 92.2% + 29 × z% + 30 × (7.8  z)% = 28.086 1
z = 7.0
The relative abundance of 29Si is 7.0%. 1
The relative abundance of 30Si is 0.8%. 1
(d) They have different masses. 1
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Magnesium exists in three isotopic forms, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, with relative abundance
of 78.6%, 10.1% and 11.3% respectively.

(a) State the meaning of the term ‘isotopes’. (1 mark)

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(b) Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium. (2 marks)

24
(c) Mg reacts with steam to give a colourless gas.
(i) Suggest a test to show that the gas is hydrogen. (2 marks)

(ii) State and explain what would happen when 26Mg reacts with steam.
(2 marks)

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(a) Isotopes are different atoms of the same element, with the same number
of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 1
(b) Relative atomic mass of magnesium
= 24 × 78.6% + 25 × 10.1% + 26 × 11.3% 1
= 24.3 1
(c) (i) Test the gas with a burning splint. 1
It burns with a ‘pop’ sound. 1
(ii) As 24Mg and 26Mg have the same chemical properties, 1
26
Mg also reacts with steam to give hydrogen. 1
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Section 5.7
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Oxygen has 3 isotopes, , and .
(a) What is the electronic arrangement of oxygen? (1 mark)

(b) Given that the relative atomic mass of oxygen is 16.0044 and the relative
abundance of is 99.76%. Calculate the relative abundance of and
respectively. (3 marks)

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(c) Explain why the three isotopes cannot be distinguished by simple chemical tests.
(1 mark)

(d) State ONE use of oxygen. (1 mark)

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(a) 2, 6 1
(b) Let the percentage abundance of and be y% and (100  99.76 
y)%, i.e. (0.24 – y)% respectively.
16 × 99.76% + 17 × y% + 18 × (0.24  y)%= 16.0044 1
y = 0.04
The relative abundance of is 0.04%. 1
The relative abundance of is 0.20%. 1
(c) The three isotopes have the same electronic arrangement and hence same
chemical properties. 1
(d) Oxygen is used in hospitals to help patients with breathing difficulties /
cutting and welding metals. 1
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The atomic number and mass number of a sodium atom are 11 and 23 respectively.

(a) What is meant by ‘atomic number’ of an atom? (1 mark)

(b) Write the full atomic symbol of a sodium atom. (1 mark)

(c) Draw an electron diagram to represent a sodium atom. (2 marks)

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(d) Potassium is an element below sodium in the Periodic Table. Write the electronic
arrangement of potassium. (1 mark)

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(a) It is the number of protons in the atom. 1
(b) 1
(c)

Correct chemical symbol of sodium 1

Correct number of electrons 1
(d) 2, 8, 8, 1 1
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