Operating and Maintenance Manual - PART 1

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1
CONTROGEN HX
Static Excitation System for Hydrogenerator
100MW
Tri An HPP
Vietnam
DESCRIPTION
ACCESSIBILITY Free
DATE 2014-05-16
NAME SIGNATURE
WRITTEN BY W.M. CHEONG
CHECKED BY H.L. CHENG
APPROVED D. TOMERLIN
DOCUMENT TYPE
ALSTOM DOCUMENT CODE
REFERENCE LG REV ORIGIN FORMAT STAT. SH/SH NUM SH

END
E C 2 - 4 0 0 0 4 4 - A 4 -
C G O M M - 0 1 - E N EN A PAC A4 REL 1/30 30
© ALSTOM 2014 - All rights reserved. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden.Template No.: EM-T-010
Rev.G (20090116)
REVISION HISTORY
REV WRITTEN BY CHECKED BY APPROVED DATE DESCRIPTION STAT.
A W.M. CHEONG H.L. CHENG D. TOMERLIN 2014-05-16 For approval, After FAT REL
Copyright © ALSTOM 2014. We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden..
Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

EXCITATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2/29
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Remarks
Chapters
Yes No
Section 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXCITATION SYSTEM 6
1.1 Important Information 6 X
1.2 Risks & Protection 7 X
1.3 Standards & codes 7 X
1.4 General description 8
1.5 Working conditions 8
1.6 Equipment main characteristics 9
1.7 Voltage regulator main characteristics 10
1.8 Regulation system 11
1.8.1 Regulation structure 11
1.8.1.1 Fully redundant AVR/FCR configuration with two regulators 11
1.8.2 Regulator functions 11
1.8.3 Limitations 12
1.8.3.1 V/Hz limitation 12
1.8.3.2 Under-excitation limitation 12
1.8.3.3 Stator current limitation 12
1.8.3.4 Power system stabiliser 13
1.8.3.5 Overexcitation limitation 13
1.8.3.6 Droop 14
1.8.3.7 Stator voltage limitation in manual mode (option): 14
1.8.3.8 Under excitation limitation in manual mode (option): 15
1.8.3.9 Field current forcing (option): 15
1.9 Power supply to the control system 16
1.10 Power supply to the excitation system 17
1.10.1 Excitation current supplied from shunt excitation transformer 17
1.11 Flashing excitation 18
1.12 Overvoltage protection by crowbar 19
1.13 Discharge of the field windings 20
1.14 Thyristor rectifier 21
1.14.1 Disconnecting switch 21
1.14.2 Forced air type cooling 21
1.14.3 Over heating protection by heat sink temperature switch 21
1.14.4 Over heating protection by temperature switch in the cooling duct 21
1.14.5 Cooling air flow monitoring 21
1.14.6 Three phases thyristor rectifier 22
1.15 Measuring system 22
1.15.1 Recommended arrangement for stator voltage and current measurements 23
1.15.2 Rotor current measurement configuration 24
1.15.2.1 Measurement by current transformers 24
1.16 Voltage regulator 24
CP1485-1 26
IF1082 26
ZF0001 26

Remarks
Chapters
Yes No
AO4632 26
DI9371 26
DO9322 26
AI4632.1 26
TB12 26
BM11 26
BC0087 26
PS9400 26
BB80 26
PMF175 26
TPI163 27
ControLCP 27
FL SWITCH LM8TX 27
SWITCH SFN 16TX 27
TPC215 27
TTM211 27
TPT214 27
1.16.1 Regulator rack arrangement 28
1.16.2 Distributed IO arrangement 28
1.16.3 Regulator architecture arrangement 29

Notice to readers
The WARNING notice uses this symbol to emphasize that hazardous

voltages, currents, temperatures, or other conditions that could cause
personal injury exist or may be associated with a particular use of
equipment.
In situations where inattention could cause either personal injury or
Hardware damage to equipment, a WARNING notice is used.
The CAUTION notice uses this symbol to emphasize that certain conditions
could cause damage to the equipment operation.
The INFORMATION notice with this symbol merely calls attention to
information that is especially significant to understand and operate the
equipment.
The DOCUMENT notice with this symbol signals a reference to other
documents belonging to the Operation & Maintenance Documentation set.
This document is based on information available at the time of its publication. While efforts have been
made to be accurate, the information contained herein does not purport to cover all details or variations
in hardware or software, nor to provide for every possible contingency in connection with installation,
operation, or maintenance.
Features may be described herein which are not present in all systems. Alstom assumes no obligation of
notice to holders of this document with respect to changes subsequently made.
Alstom makes no representation or warranty, expressed, implied, or statutory with respect to, and
assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of the information
contained herein. Alstom gives no warranties of merchantability or fitness for purpose shall apply.
In this publication, no mention is made of rights with respect to trademarks or trade names that may
attach to certain words or signs. The absence of such mention, however, in no way implies there is no
protection.
Partial reproduction of this document is authorized, but limited to internal use, for information only and for
no commercial purpose. However, such authorization is granted only on the express condition that any
partial copy of the document bears a mention of its property, including the copyright statement.
© Copyright ALSTOM 2014 - All rights reserved. We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority
is strictly forbidden

Section 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXCITATION SYSTEM
1.1 Important Information
Alstom Power Systems is committed to high quality products. In

compliance with our high standards of quality.
Users and Installation staff that operate on the equipment are qualified
and are trained.
Before performing any action on the equipment, the user should read
and understand the Operating and Maintenance Manual.
To reduce risks for yourself and your equipment, only an accredited
technician shall service your equipment or work inside it.
Alstom is committed to top customer assistance services.

If you require further information or face serious problem, please
contact:Alstom Power
Alstom Power Systems Customer Assistance
• Hardware repair
• Annual preventive maintenance
• Telephone, e-mail, fax, remote maintenance,
facilities support
• On site intervention on demand
• Software maintenance
• Site support and remote maintenance
• Commissioner and Customer training sessions
• On Site intervention
Contact: [email protected]

1.2 Risks & Protection
ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
Your equipment may imply various risks for you or your equipment.
These risks essentially concern Electricity
• electric shock
• transient increases and decreases in electrical power
• electrostatic discharge
As a result, you may be injured and/or your operator station may suffer
damage. Please remember that operating or working inside your
equipment may impact your physical integrity.
POWER OFF
Power off your equipment before hardware installation.
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE

Most electronic equipment is influenced by radio frequency
interference (RFI). Caution should be exercised with regard to the use
of portable communications equipment around such equipment. Signs
should be posted near the equipment cautioning against the use of
portable communication equipment.
STATIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

Modules in the ALSPA system may contain static sensitive devices
which can be damaged by incorrect handling of the module. The
procedure for module removal is detailed in relevant product
descriptions and must be followed. All ALSPA equipment must have
labels fitted to the personnel to observe antistatic precautions when
touching modules.
1.3 Standards & codes
ALSPA Control System’s operation station has been developed, manufactured and
tested in compliance with the relevant standards.
All these standards are indicated in the following document
ALSPA System - Standards and Codes ptp20a49970
Always bear in mind that optimal operation of the equipment begins with the
compliance with its standards.

The abovementioned document specifies the certification, the operating
environment and the electro-magnetic environment in which your equipment should
be operated.
1.4 General description
The purpose of the excitation system is to control the stator voltage of a generator.
The present excitation system is of the static type.
Excitation control is based on a digital automatic voltage regulator (AVR), which
controls the firing of thyristor bridges so as to supply the generator with variable field
current.
The equipment can be configured according to the requirements of the control
system. There are several possible configurations (two redundant channels,
automatic/manual mode…) and the number of rectifier bridges depends on the field
current to be supplied to the generator. The excitation system can be connected to a
DCS system via a field bus (MODBUS or E8000).
The excitation system hardware is housed in a sturdy and compact cubicle. The
regulator design avoids any wiring faults and ensures good EMC performance.
1.5 Working conditions
Minimum working temperature -5 °C

Maximum working temperature +45 °C
Relative humidity without condensation 95 %
Max. altitude for installation 1000 m
Seismic conditions
Seismic zone UBC Zone I
Seismic factor 0.1 g horizontal

1.6 Equipment main characteristics
Excitation transformer
Number of phases 3
Rated power 2000
kVA
Operating frequency 50 Hz
Primary voltage 13.8 kV
Secondary voltage 786 V
Vector symbol Yd11
Excitation cubicle
Regulation structure 2/2
Number of rectifier bridges 2
Rated field current 1200 A
No load field current 670 A
Maximum field current during normal excitation 1600 A
Field current during ceiling excitation (50 sec.) 2400 A
Rated excitation voltage 340 V
Maximum excitation voltage 910 V

1.7 Voltage regulator main characteristics
REGULATOR TYPE ALSPA AVR

NUMBER OF CHANNELS 2
REGULATOR STRUCTURE AVR AVR/MCR AVR/AVR Surveillance conduction thyristor
DIGITAL REGULATOR FUNCTIONS COMMENTS

STATISME ACTIF et REACTIF
OVER EXCITATION LIMITATION
UNDER EXCITATION LIMITATION
REACTIV POWER REGULATION
POWER FACTOR REGULATION
STATOR CURRENT LIMITATION
ROTOR TEMP. MONITORING
FLASHING SEQUENCE
BOOSTING SEQUENCE
MAX. EXCITATION CURRENT SEQUENCE
STATOR VOLTAGE LIMITATION Automatic
STATOR VOLTAGE LIMITATION manual
OVER FLUXING LIMITATION
GRID VOLTAGE REGULATION
PSS Standard PSS2B
PSS 1A
PSS 2A
VOLTAGE SET POINT REMOTE CONTROL
REACTIVE POWER SET POINT REMOTE
POWER FACTOR SET POINT REMOTE CONTROL
EXCITATION CURRENT SET POINT REMOTE CONTROL
WORLDFIP LINK TO DCS
MODBUS SERIAL LINK TO DCS
OPTICAL FIBER
Others
4-20 ma Outputs : Observations
EXCITATION CURRENT
EXCITATION VOLTAGE
STATOR VOLTAGE
ROTOR TEMPERATURE
Others
0-10V Outputs : Observations
ROTOR TEMPERATURE
CONTROL SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL (Auto/Manu)
Others

1.8 Regulation system
1.8.1 Regulation structure
The regulator configurations is :

• Fully redundant AVR/FCR configuration with two regulators,
1.8.1.1 Fully redundant AVR/FCR configuration with two regulators
The system consists of two identical digital voltage regulators, Regulator 1 and
Regulator 2, both with an integrated FCR (Field Current Regulator). Each regulator
has its own power supply and its own digital thyristor firing module. A failure of the
active regulator causes the system to change over to the stand-by regulator. A
tracking function allows a smooth transfer from one regulator to the other.
Such a structure with a twin automatic regulation and integrated FCR is fully
redundant and ensures best availability of the power generating system. The
thyristor rectifiers are redundant; hence each regulator can control either one of the
rectifiers (for independent redundancy between the regulators and the rectifiers).
1.8.2 Regulator functions
The main functions of the system are:

Power supply to the control system: The regulator and its auxiliaries need a safe
and reliable power source to avoid any risk of generator shutdown due to faults in
auxiliary devices.
Power supply to the excitation system: The excitation power can be provided by
different sources, e.g. by an excitation transformer.
Flashing excitation: An external power supply is needed to start the generator. This
power source can be a DC battery or a rectified AC power supply.
Rotor overvoltage protection: Overvoltage protection is generally performed by a
crowbar system.
Discharge of the field windings: Prior to field breaker opening, the rotor windings
have to be discharged to prevent overvoltage across the main contacts of the field
breaker. This is carried out by means of a set of resistors.
Thyristor rectifier: Variable field voltage is provided by the thyristor rectifier.
Measuring system: The regulator requires the acquisition of some generator values,
such as stator voltage, stator current and rotor current.
Automatic voltage regulator: For improved stability, the automatic voltage regulator
controls the generator voltage by calculating the firing angle of the thyristors in the
rectifier bridge.
Exactly Synchronizing Sequence: Please refer to O&M Part 3.
Self Synchronizing Sequence: Please refer to O&M Part 3.

Interface system: In many applications, the regulator is linked to a DCS system in
order to exchange e.g. variables, status and fault data. The regulator also needs to
be configured, or some parameters may have to be adapted to the generator. For
this purpose the excitation system is fitted with communication links to external
devices or user interfaces.
For further details about the Interface system, refer to Part 2.

These functions will be described in the following sections.
1.8.3 Limitations
1.8.3.1 V/Hz limitation
The limitation function consists in replacing the voltage set point by the
output of a minimum or maximum U/F ratio selector circuit.
The maximum and minimum U/F values are pre-adjusted and the maximum
frequency is limited by a pre-adjusted value.
1.8.3.2 Under-excitation limitation
This function is designed to work out a reactive power absorption limiting signal in
order to keep the generator within its stable operating range.
The function integrates two independent types of limitation, allowing a good
adjustment of the limitation according to the reactive power capability curve of the
machine:
• The first loop is acting on the reactive power signal preventing its value to
decrease below a minimum negative value. The reactive power limit is designed
thanks to an adjustable three segments line in generator capability curves.
• The second loop is acting on the field current signal keeping it above a minimum
value.
When the limitation loop input signal becomes lower than its permitted minimum
value, the corresponding Integral-Proportional regulator generates a voltage output
signal. This output signal is substituted to the actual stator voltage set-point in order
to maintain either the reactive power or the field current equal to its minimum
allowed value. Then the requested stator voltage set-point is no more realised.
This structure allows to keep the PSS in operation at every time.
1.8.3.3 Stator current limitation
This function is designed to keep the stator current within its limits and thus to avoid
overheating of the stator. As an option, this limitation might be temperature
dependent (two slopes to approximate generator temperature capability curve).
The limitation provides an over excitation signal when QE < 0 and a de-excitation
signal when QE > 0. The stator current limitation reference presents an “Inverse
time” behaviour. That means that the set point decreases according to the
overheating of the stator.

When the automatic mode is not operating, the output is forced to zero
When QE approaches zero limitation is disabled (dead band).
Inside the dead band the limitation function is no longer operating. The only way to
limit the stator current is then to send a signal in order to limit the power of the
turbine.
1.8.3.4 Power system stabiliser
The aim of this system is to smooth rotor oscillations by elaborating a signal which
acts against the angle variation (= load angle + grid angle).
Two kinds of PSS functions are available:
• A dual input PSS, so-called PSS2B in reference with the IEEE Std 421.5: its input
signal is the integral of the accelerating power. It is calculated from the speed and
an integral of electrical power, using the mechanical model of the shaft line,
linked to its inertia.
The main components of the PSS function are:
• The high-pass filters (so-called washout filters) are classically used on the PSS
input signals. They eliminates their DC component.
• The lead-lag filters introduce the necessary phase compensation in the frequency
range in which the PSS shall have a positive damping effect.
• The PSS gain.
• The PSS output limitation that avoids too strong action of the PSS in case of
large disturbances.
1.8.3.5 Overexcitation limitation
The over-excitation limitation aims to obtain a maximum operation of the generator

according to the rotor heating. As an option, this limitation might be temperature
dependent (two slopes to approximate generator temperature capability curve).
The function limits, in AUTO mode, the rotor current in order to avoid generator
overheating. The limitation includes two different functions:
• The thermal limitation allows excitation current to be greater than the permanent
thermal excitation current for a defined duration linked to the generator
overheating limits. So the function acts during grid faults where the machine is
solicited for contribution to grid stability keeping, and ensures that the machine
will not suffer from overheating damages.
• The ceiling limitation that prevents the excitation current to increase above the
ceiling current of the machine.

Instantaneous limitation:
An instantaneous logic calculation determines the reference of the limitation:
When the field current increases above the permanent reference value, this over-
current is allowed for a fixed time delay. This time delay is specified by the generator
constructor, and corresponds to the allowed time for ceiling current application. After
this time delay, if the field current is still above the permanent reference value, then
the limitation set point is reduced down to the permanent reference value.
The return to the initial value of the limitation reference is again possible
instantaneously when the field current stays under a lower value (proportional to the
permanent reference value) for a specified duration.
Inverse time limitation (Option):
An inverse time calculation determines the reference of the limitation:
In this case, the limitation set-point decreases from its maximal reference value to
the permanent reference value according to the overheating of the rotor. The
limitation reference takes into account the level of the actual excitation current and
the decrease is slaved to the gap between the excitation current value and the
permanent reference value. The return to the ceiling reference value is also gradual.
Ceiling limitation:
The set point of the ceiling limitation is adjusted to the permitted ceiling current value
and the field current controlled by a PID function.
The output signal over-rides the AVR output.
1.8.3.6 Droop
Two kinds of droop function are available:

• an active and reactive compensation function,
• a frequency droop function.
The active and reactive compensation function allows to operate several generators
either connected directly in parallel (negative compensation gain), or to compensate
the line voltage drop (positive compensation gain) through the Main Transformer.
This function generates a corrective term added to the voltage set point, proportional
to the actual active and reactive stator current. The correction gains can be set
from -20% to +10%.
The frequency droop function allows to increase the generating unit stability when
operating in a local area isolated network.
With this function acting on the voltage set point, the stator voltage is increased as a
function of increasing frequency, within a limited range. The correction gain can be
set from 0% to 5%.
1.8.3.7 Stator voltage limitation in manual mode (option):
As an option a stator voltage limitation function may be available in manual mode.

1.8.3.8 Under excitation limitation in manual mode (option):
As an option a stator voltage limitation function may be available in manual mode.
1.8.3.9 Field current forcing (option):
As an option a filed current forcing function may be available in auto mode. This
function forces the full rectified voltage during a predetermined time in particular
network conditions.

1.9 Power supply to the control system
The control system is fed by two different power sources. One is the plant battery,
the other is the excitation transformer, which supplies rectified AC. Both sources are
connected in parallel for the purpose of redundancy.
Power supply
Power plant
converter Regulator 1
DC voltage
power supply
battery 1
Power supply
converter
Regulator 2
battery 2 Power supply power supply
converter
The control system power supplies are in a mutual backup configuration. When
either the AC or the DC source fails, the other one is able to supply the whole
system.
AC supply source is rectified either through a diode rectifier or an AC/DC power
supply.

1.10 Power supply to the excitation system
1.10.1 Excitation current supplied from shunt excitation transformer
The power necessary for generator excitation is supplied by an excitation

transformer connected to the generator output.
Generator Breaker
G
I>
Field breaker
Auxiliary power
In normal operation, the excitation transformer is fed directly by the generator. The
field current is provided by the secondary windings of the excitation transformer. The
Thyristor Bridge controls the generator voltage by varying the average field current
value. During the start-up sequence, the remanent magnetic field of the generator is
not strong enough to produce an output voltage. As long as no current is supplied by
the excitation transformer, the rotor is powered with DC or with rectified AC from an
external source. This auxiliary excitation system is usually called "Flashing circuit".
The excitation transformer has to be protected against short circuits by a relay
connected to its primary windings. In case of a fault, the unit is tripped. The
generator breaker and the field breaker are opened.

1.11 Flashing excitation
The flashing function is used with shunt type excitation systems. The flashing circuit
is designed to supply the rotor field with current during the start-up sequence of the
generator. This current can be supplied by a DC battery or by a rectified AC source.
The source is typically designed to supply up to 15% of the rated no-load field
current of the generator. (This value can be adapted according to the generator
type). The flashing circuit is opened when the generator voltage reaches 15% of its
rated value.
Generator breaker
G
I>
Field breaker
Auxiliary power source
DC power supply
from battery
OR
AC power
supply

1.12 Overvoltage protection by crowbar
This function connects a set of resistors to the rotor windings, in order to rapidly
reduce the generator excitation current in case of overvoltage caused by a short-
circuit across the terminals of the generator. Since the overvoltage can be positive
or negative, this protection is performed by means of two thyristors connected top to
bottom. The voltage regulator includes no circuit for thyristor control; this is
performed by a special electronic board without any external power supply. When
the crowbar is used, the thyristor bridges of the excitation system are forced to
inverter mode.
Protection against positive overvoltage
+ I -
V
Th1
I Th2
I>
Voltage
measure
Crowbar
control
In case of a positive overvoltage, thyristor Th2 is forward biased and the overvoltage
is attenuated through a resistor network. A current relay detects a current in the
crowbar circuit and gives a tripping order to the excitation system.
Protection against negative overvoltage
- I +
V
Th1
I
Th2
I>
Voltage
measure
Crowbar
control
In case of reverse power from the generator field winding, thyristor Th1 is forward
biased and the energy of the winding is discharged through Th1 and the discharging
resistors. A current relay detects a current in the crowbar circuit and gives a tripping
order to the excitation system.

1.13 Discharge of the field windings
When the field breaker is opened, the current in the windings is discharged through
a set of linear resistors. These resistors are connected by means of an auxiliary NC
contact of the field breaker, which is closed 1 to 3 ms before the opening of the main
contacts (NO). The number of resistors depends on the energy to be discharged
and their values are calculated such as to limit the peak voltage to a value less than
the maximum rupturing voltage of the field breaker. By default, the discharging
resistors are linear.
+ I -
V
Th1
Th2
Discharging
resistors
Crowbar control
Field breaker

1.14 Thyristor rectifier
The thyristor rectifiers are designed to rectify and modulate the AC voltage from the
excitation transformer and to control the field current of the generator. The thyristor
rectifier designed for 3 AC phases are Graetz bridge equipped with quick-acting
fuses (each with an auxiliary contact), an RC circuit for overvoltage limitation, a gate
control circuit and a heat sink.
Cooling is of forced air type). The forced air cooling system includes an air duct with
one or two fans fitted at the bottom of the frame. The cooling air flow monitoring is
done by a differential pressure sensor
The number of thyristor is 6 thyristor bridges per channel. The rectifier bridges is
redundant. In case of a rectifier failure, a monitoring system will automatically
disable the bridge concerned.
The power rectifiers are designed to handle continuously 110% of the nominal
excitation current, as well as the ceiling excitation current for a limited period.
The bridges are fed by the excitation transformer, connected to terminals labelled
L1, L2, L3 on the busbars of the bridge.
The DC output terminals are labelled L+ for positive polarity, and L- for negative
polarity.
1.14.1 Disconnecting switch
For on-line maintenance, each thyristor bridges is provided with a 5 poles

disconnecting switch, to isolate the rectifier on AC and DC sides.
1.14.2 Forced air type cooling
Cooling is of forced air type.
1.14.3 Over heating protection by heat sink temperature switch
The Thyristor Bridge is protected against overheating by a temperature switch.

Temperature sensors are fitted on the top of the heat sink.
1.14.4 Over heating protection by temperature switch in the cooling duct
The Thyristor Bridge is protected against overheating by a thermostat. The

thermostat sensor is located inside the cooling duct.
1.14.5 Cooling air flow monitoring
The cooling air flow monitoring is done by a differential pressure captor

1.14.6 Three phases thyristor rectifier
1.15
L1 L2 L3
Or (depending of the
current rating )
L- L+
4 1 2 3 4 9 10 11
U V W U V W
M101 M102
3~ 3~

Measuring system
The regulation system needs information to process the control loops. The main
values to be measured are:
• Generator stator voltage U12 – U23 – U31
• Generator stator current IS1 – IS2 – IS3
• Generator rotor current IF
In a multi-channel configuration, several measuring arrangements are possible.
The recommended arrangement is to install two independent measuring channels,
one for each regulator. Other arrangements can be used according to the power
plant configuration.
Refer to the specific electrical diagram for further details.
1.15.1 Recommended arrangement for stator voltage and current measurements
The Stator current is measured by means of "Current transformers" whereas the

"Voltage transformers" are used for Stator voltage measurements. Each regulator
has its own voltage and current measurement system, which is connected to the
TPI163 input board. Only such a configuration can ensure full redundancy. For Tri-
An Project, the stator current is measured with two set of current transformers for
both measuring channels.
Regulator 1 Regulator 2 Regulator 1 Regulator 2

Stator current Stator current Stator voltage Stator voltage
TPI163
TPI163
IS1, IS2, IS3 U12, U23, U31

1.15.2 Rotor current measurement configuration
1.15.2.1 Measurement by current transformers
The way which measure the current upstream of the thyristor bridge by means of
current transformers.
Main breaker
1.16 G
Excitation
transformer
Protection
Excitation
transformer
Current
Transformer (2x)
Full diodes
bridge
IRed

Voltage regulator
The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) controls the generator output voltage so as
to improve the generator's operational stability and keep it within its working limits.
The AVR is a digital type and the regulation loops are processed by a CPU board.
Several specific boards are connected to the main CPU board to perform electrical
Input / Output functions (both logic and analogue).
The input/output boards are linked to terminal plates (for user connections) by
means of ribbon cables connected in front of the I/O boards.
LEDs in front of the electronics boards indicate the status of the board itself and/or
the corresponding I/Os.

The main available electronic boards, according to the regulator type, are the
following:
Name of board Description of the electronic board
CP1485-1 Central Processing Unit
IF1082 Ethernet powerlink interface module
ZF0001 Alstom ID module
AO4632 Analog output module, 4 outputs, +/- 10 V, 0.. 20 mA
DI9371 Digital input module, 12 inputs, 24VDC
DO9322 Digital output module, 12 outputs, 24VDC
AI4632.1 Analog input module, 4 inputs, +/- 11 V, 0.. 22 mA
TB12 Terminal block 12 pins (for each module)
BM11 Bus module (for each module)
BC0087 Bus controller field bus interface TCP/IP
PS9400 Supply module for bus controller
BB80 Bus base for bus controller and supply module
PMF175 Measurement filtering module

Name of board Description of the electronic board
TPI163 Interface for scaling the stator VTs & CTs
ControLCP Local control panel
FL SWITCH LM8TX Ethernet Managed switch
SWITCH SFN 16TX Ethernet Switch
TPC215 Thyristor pulse controller module
TTM211 Thyristor gate controller board
TPT214 Thyristor pulse transformer board

1.16.1 Regulator rack arrangement
IF1082 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12

ZF001 AO DI DI DO AI AI
CP1485
BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11
1.16.2 Distributed IO arrangement
Regulator IOs:
TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12

BC0087 PS9400 AI AO DI DI DI DO DO
BB80 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11 BM11
Bridge IOs :
TB12 TB12 TB12 TB12

BC0087 PS9400 DI DI DO
BB80 BM11 BM11 BM11

1.16.3 Regulator architecture arrangement
Terminal TPI163 & Current and voltage

bloc PMF175 measurement
4-20 mA
signals TTM211
Thyristor Gate
Controller
Serial link to TTM211

and TPC215
Maintenance
link (IF3)
RJ45
Terminal
Remote IO link
Pulses bus
bloc
Protocol (Modbus TCP)
converter
Pulse IO
Amplifier Regulator
RS485
Thyristor
bridge
TPC215 /
TPT214
IO
PC Bridge
Managed switch
CCAD Switch
TPC215 /
Managed switch
Redundancy
TPT214
link (IF2)
IO
Bridge 2
RJ45
Protocol
Maintenance
converter
link (IF3)
RS485
Remote IO link
(Modbus)
TPI163 & Current and voltage

Terminal
PMF175 measurement
bloc


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Operating and Maintenance Manual - PART 1

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Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1

REFERENCE LG REV ORIGIN FORMAT STAT. SH/SH NUM SH

REV WRITTEN BY CHECKED BY APPROVED DATE DESCRIPTION STAT.

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

The WARNING notice uses this symbol to emphasize that hazardous

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

1.1 Important Information

Alstom Power Systems is committed to high quality products. In

Alstom is committed to top customer assistance services.

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE

STATIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

1.3 Standards & codes

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

1.4 General description

1.5 Working conditions

Minimum working temperature -5 °C

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

REGULATOR TYPE ALSPA AVR

DIGITAL REGULATOR FUNCTIONS COMMENTS

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

1.8.1 Regulation structure

The regulator configurations is :

1.8.1.1 Fully redundant AVR/FCR configuration with two regulators

1.8.2 Regulator functions

The main functions of the system are:

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

For further details about the Interface system, refer to Part 2.

1.8.3.1 V/Hz limitation

1.8.3.2 Under-excitation limitation

1.8.3.3 Stator current limitation

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

1.8.3.4 Power system stabiliser

1.8.3.5 Overexcitation limitation

The over-excitation limitation aims to obtain a maximum operation of the generator

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

Two kinds of droop function are available:

1.8.3.7 Stator voltage limitation in manual mode (option):

As an option a stator voltage limitation function may be available in manual mode.

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

As an option a stator voltage limitation function may be available in manual mode.

1.8.3.9 Field current forcing (option):

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

1.10.1 Excitation current supplied from shunt excitation transformer

The power necessary for generator excitation is supplied by an excitation

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

Protection against positive overvoltage

Protection against negative overvoltage

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

Operating and maintenance manual - Part 1 EC2-400044-A4-CGOMM-01-EN

1.14.1 Disconnecting switch

For on-line maintenance, each thyristor bridges is provided with a 5 poles

1.14.2 Forced air type cooling

Cooling is of forced air type.