VARIABLES IN

PYTHON

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Variables
• Everything is an object in python
Object reference for variables
a=5
b=3 a 5

c=3 b 3

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Variables
• Every object has an unique identifier
Function:
id( ) a 5
Returns unique id for the specified object
Example: b 3
a=5
c
b=3
c=3
print(id(b))
print(id(c))
Output:
10105152
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10105152
DATA TYPES IN
PYTHON

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Data Types
• Numeric Types : integer, float, complex
Integer (int):
Number that can be written without a fractional component
Example: 3, 76, -5
Float (float):
Numbers that contain floating decimal points
Example: 3.14, 7.683
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Data Types
• Numeric Types : integer, float, complex
Complex:
Number that can be expressed in the form a + bj, where a and b are
real numbers, and j represents the imaginary unit
Example:
value=3+4.2j
3 → real
4.2 → imaginary Datec Learning Centers
Data Types
• Text Type : string
String(str):
Sequence of one or more characters (letters, numbers, symbols)
Example:
message =‘Welcome’
day = “Day 1”
outcome =‘‘‘Happy Learning!’’’

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Data Types
• Boolean Type : bool
Variables are defined by the True and False keywords
Example:
a = True
b = False

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Data Types
Sequence Types
• List
• Tuple
Both are used to group values together
Mapping Type
• Dictionary
Representation → key: value pairs
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Finding the type of a variable
Function Used:

type( )

• returns the type of the specified object

Example:
name=“Moresby”
print(type(name))
Output:
<class 'str'>
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OPERATORS AND
EXPRESSIONS

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Operators
Operator is a symbol that tells the compiler or interpreter to
perform specific operation
• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operator
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Identity operators
• Membership operators
• Bitwise operators
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Arithmetic Operators
Used with numeric values to perform common mathematical
operations
Operator Operation
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulo Division
** Exponentiation
// Floor
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Arithmetic Operators
Example:
number1 = 3
number2 = 2
print(“Sum : ”, number1+number2)
print(“Difference : ”, number1-number2)
print(“Product : ”, number1*number2)

Output:
Sum : 5
Difference : 1
Product : 6
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Arithmetic Operators
Example:
number1 = 8
number2 = 3
#Performing modulo division
remainder=number1%number2
print(“Remainder : ”, remainder)

Output:

Remainder : 2

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Arithmetic Operators
Example:
number1 = 5
number2 = 2
#Performing floor division
quotient=number1//number2
print(“Quotient : ”, quotient)

Output:

Quotient : 2

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Assignment Operator
Used to assign values to variables

Operator Used:
=
Assigning values to Variables
variablename = value
Example:
marks=93

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Assignment Operator
Assigning same value to multiple variables in a statement

variablename1= variablename2 = value

Example:

png_rugby_player=leeds_rhinos_player= “Rhyse Martin"

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Assignment Operator
Assigning multiple values to multiple variables in a statement

variablename1, variablename2 = value1, value2

Example:

name, age, height= “Rhyse Martin",29, 6

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Assignment Operators
Example:
age = 15
#Adding 2 to age
age += 2
print(age)

Output:

17

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Comparison/ Relational Operators
Used to compare two values

Operator Operation
== Equal
!= Not Equal
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to

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Comparison/ Relational Operators
Example:
number1 = 15
number2 = 10
print(number1>number2)
print(number1==number2)

Output:

True
False

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Logical Operators
Used to combine conditional statements

Operator Outcome
and Returns True, if both statements are true
or Returns True, if one of the statements is true
not Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true

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Logical Operators
Example:
a = 15
b = 10
print(a>5 and a>10)
print(a<5 or b>5)
print(not(a>10))

Output:
True
True
False
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Identity Operators
▪ Used to compare the objects
▪ To check if they are actually the same object, with the same
memory location

Operator Outcome

is Returns True, if both variables are the same object

Returns True, if both variables are not the same

is not object
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Identity Operators
Example:
a = 15
b = 10
c = 15
d=c
print(a is c)
print(d is c)
print(a is not b)
Output:
True
True
True Datec Learning Centers
Membership Operators
▪ Used to test if a sequence is presented in an object

Operator Outcome
Returns True ,if a sequence with the specified value is
in present in the object

Returns True, if a sequence with the specified value is not

not in present in the object

▪ Used with Lists, Tuples

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Bitwise Operators
▪ performs bit by bit operation on binary representation
of values
Operator Name Outcome
& AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
| OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of the two bits is 1
~ NOT 1’s complement
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let
<< LEFT SHIT
the leftmost bits fall off
RIGHT Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in
>>
SHIF from
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Learning left, and let the rightmost bits fall off
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Bitwise Operators
Example using & and |
a=2 a = 0000 0010
b = 0000 0101 &
b=5
c=a & b #bitwise and c = 0000 0000
d=a | b #bitwise or
print(c)
a = 0000 0010
print(d) b = 0000 0101 |

Output: d = 0000 0111

0
7
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Bitwise Operators
Example using ~ (not)
a=2
c=~a
print(c)
d=4
print(~d)

Output:
-3
-5

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Bitwise Operators
Example using ^ ( XOR)
a=5 a = 0000 0101
b = 0000 0011
b=3 ^
print(a^b) c = 0000 0110

Output:
6

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Bitwise Operators
Example for left shift, right shift
a=3 a = 0000 0011
b=2 b=2 <<

c=a << b #left shift c = 0000 1100

d=a >> b #right shift
print(c) a = 0000 0011
print(d) b=2 >>

Output: d = 0000 0000

12
0
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