Expressions

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EXPRESSIONS
• It is a combination of values, variables, operators, and calls to functions.

• Expressions need to be evaluated

• Interpreter evaluates the expression

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EXPRESSION
• An expression is an instruction that combines values and
operators and always evaluates down to a single value.

• For example, this is an expression:

>>> 2 + 2

>>> 4

• 2s are integer values and the + is the mathematical operator. This

expression evaluates downDatec
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single integer value 4.
EXPRESSIONS
Example:
a=5+2
type(a)
b=3
b *= 2

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EXPRESSION
A variable is a memory location used to
x = 0.6
store a value (0.6).

0.6 0.6
x = 3.9 * x * ( 1 - x )

0.4

Right side is an expression. Once the 0.93

expression is evaluated, then its result is
placed in (assigned to) x.
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EXPRESSION
A variable is a memory location used to
store a value. The value stored in a
variable can be updated by replacing the
old value (0.6) with a new value (0.93).

x = 3.9 * x * ( 1 - x )

Right side is an expression. Once

expression is evaluated, the result is placed 0.93
in (assigned to) the variable on the left side
(i.e. x).
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Numeric Expressions
>>> xx = 2 >>> jj = 23
>>> xx = xx + 2 >>> kk = jj % 5
>>> print xx >>> print kk
4 3
>>> yy = 440 * 12 >>> print 4 ** 3
>>> print yy 64
5280
>>> zz = yy / 1000
>>> print zz
5
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Order of Evaluation
❖ When we string operators together - Python must know which one
to do first, this is called “operator precedence”.

❖ Which operator “takes precedence” over the others.

x = 1 + 2 * 3 - 4 / 5 ** 6

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Operator Precedence Rules
❖ Highest precedence rule to lowest precedence rule.

❖ Parenthesis are always respected.

❖ Exponentiation (raise to a power).

❖ Multiplication, Division, and Remainder. Parenthesis

Power
Multiplication & Division
❖ Addition and Subtraction.
Addition & Subtraction
Left to Right
❖ Left to right.
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Order of Operations
• For mathematical operators, the order is PEMDAS

• Parentheses , Exponentiation, Multiplication and Division, Addition

and Subtraction

• Operators with the same precedence are evaluated from left to right.

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Operator Precedence Example
1 + 2 ** 3 / 4 * 5
>>> x = 1 + 2 ** 3 / 4 * 5
>>> print x
11 1+8/4*5

1+2*5
Parenthesis
Power 1 + 10
Multiplication
Addition 11
Left to Right
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Operator Precedence Example
1 + 2 ** 3 / 4 * 5
>>> x = 1 + 2 ** 3 / 4 * 5
>>> print x
11 1+8/4 *5
Note:
8/4 goes before 4*5 because
of the left-right rule.
1+2*5
Parenthesis
Power
Multiplication
1 + 10
Addition
Left to Right
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EXPRESSION Example
>>> x=(a+b)
>>> a=5
>>> print(x)
>>> b=10
15
>>> c=3
>>> d=2
>>> x=(a+b)*(c*d)/e-f
>>> e=1
>>> print(x)
>>> f=9
81.0
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Operator Precedence
❖ Remember the rules top to bottom.

❖ When writing code - use parenthesis.

❖ When writing code - keep mathematical expressions simple

enough that they are easy to understand.

❖ Break long series of mathematical operations up to make

them more clear.
x=1+2*3-4/5
x =Datec
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TYPE CASTING

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TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION
❖ Typecasting, or type conversion, is a method of changing an
entity from one data type to another.

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TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION
>>> print (float(99) / 100)
❖ When you put an integer and 0.99
floating point in an expression >>> i = 42
>>> type(i)
the integer is implicitly
<type 'int'>
converted to a float. >>> f = float(i)
❖ You can control this with the >>> print f
42.0
built in functions int() and
>>> type(f)
float(). <type 'float'>
>>> print (1 + 2 * float(3) / 4 – 5)
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-2.5
TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION
String Conversions:

❖ You can also use int() and float() to convert between strings and
integers.

❖ You will get an error if the string does not contain numeric
characters.

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TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION
>>> sval = '123'
>>> type(sval) >>> print ival + 1
<type 'str'> 124
>>> print (sval + 1) >>> nsv = 'hello'
Traceback (most recent call last): >>> niv = int(nsv)
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str'
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
and 'int'
ValueError: invalid literal for int()
>>> ival = int(sval)
>>> type(ival)
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<type 'int’>
 TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION

>>> number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

Enter a number: 3

>>> number

An integer 3
(no single quotes)!
>>>

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TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION
>>> number = float(input("Enter a number: "))

Enter a number: 3.7

>>> number
Float
(no single quotes)! 3.7

>>>

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TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION
>>> x = 10 >>> y = "20" >>> z = 30.0
>>> float(x) >>> float(y) >>> int(z)
10.0 20.0 30
>>> str(x) >>> int(y) >>> str(z)
'10' 20 '30.0'
>>> >>> >>>

integer ➔ float string ➔ float float ➔ integer

integer ➔ string string ➔ integer float ➔ string
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TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION
>>> print(2 + 3.4)
❖The result of an expression that 5.4
involves a float number alongside >>> print( 2 + 3)
5
(an) integer number(s) is a float >>> print(9/5 * 27 + 32)
80.6
number.
>>> print(9//5 * 27 + 32)
59
>>> print(5.9 + 4.2)
10.100000000000001
>>>
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TYPE CASTING / TYPE CONVERSION
>>> print(2 + 3.4)
❖ The result of an expression that involves 5.4
a float number alongside (an) integer >>> print( 2 + 3)
5
number(s) is a float number >>> print(9/5 * 27 + 32)
80.6
>>> print(9//5 * 27 + 32)
❖ The result of an expression that involves 59
values of the same data type will not result >>> print(5.9 + 4.2)
10.100000000000001
in any conversion. >>>

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